Unit 3 Section Welcome to the unit&Reading（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　Fast Reading Check yourself to what degree you have remembered the text by filling in the blanks in the following passage. Para.1 There are other important reasons that 1.motivate us to enter the world of work besides earning a living. Para.2 Through the work we do, our goals can be 2.attained and our dreams achieved. Para.3 Work can also help 3.develop our skills, thus providing room for 4.personal growth. Para.4 Not only does work 5.benefit us personally, it also contributes to the health of 6.society． Para.5 Our work will help us make a 7.living as well make a life for 8.ourselves and for 9.others. Step 2　Careful Reading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What helped Yang Liwei become a pilot and astronaut？(　　) A．His ideal to be a leader. B．His passion for flying. C．His parents' stress. D．His peers' joking. 2．According to Paragraph 3, what was the life like twenty years ago？(　　) A．People were living a poor life then. B．People were not enthusiastic about their work. C.There were no positions in social technologies or energy efficiency. D．It was quite difficult to anticipate the new positions that would emerge. 3．What should we do to adapt to a rapidly changing workplace？(　　) A．Practise our skills constantly and continuously. B．Try to have a good relationship with our leaders. C．Just work as usual. D．Pretend to work hard. 4．What does the author think of jobs in our society？(　　) A．Jobs are like machines functions differently. B．Some jobs are superior than others. C．All jobs contribute to our society respectively. D．Jobs are essential only to society. 答案：1～4 BCAC Step 3　Post Reading Fill in the blanks according to the passage or the given words. Do you work to live 1.or live to work? Different people have different opinions. 2.Personally(personal), our work, 3.when done well, can make our goals 4.attained(attain) and our dreams achieved, leaving us 5.a sense of achievement and great 6.satisfaction(satisfy). It can also help develop our skills, thus 7.providing(provide) room for growth, which can add to our sense of achievement and the knowledge that we are developing as individuals as we move along our chosen career path. In addition, it also 8.contributes(contribute)to the health of society. In this way, we work to advance our 9.communities(community) and bring success to our nation. To sum up, hard work is essential for our individual well­being as well as for the benefit of our society 10.as a whole. 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①salary n．薪金，薪水 ②financially adv.财政上；金融上；经济上 ③labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi.努力做；干苦力活 labour force (全公司或全国的)劳动力 Work to live，live to work If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work？”， what would your answer be? Some might say that we work because we have to, not least because we need the salary①that enables us to be financially② independent.It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour③ force once our studies are completed. 为了生活而工作，为了工作而生活 如果你被问到“你是为了生活而工作还是为了工作而生活？”，你的答案是什么？有人可能会说，我们工作是因为我们必须工作，尤其是因为我们需要薪水来实现经济独立。当然，我们大多数人一旦完成学业就加入了劳动大军。事实上，可以说我们的教育是为了让我们为工作生涯做好准备。然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要原因激励我们进入工作的世界。 续表 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ④gear vt.使适合于 n．排挡，齿轮，传动装置 gear towards/to... 使适应/适合…… ⑤earn/make a living 谋生 ⑥by no means 决不，一点儿也不 ⑦attain vt.获得；达到 ⑧in the direction of 朝……方向 ⑨endeavour (AmE endeavor) vi.努力，尽力 n．努力，尝试 ⑩passion n．酷爱；强烈情感 ⑪be engaged in 从事于；忙于 ⑫fond adj.喜爱 be fond of 喜爱 ⑬a sense of 一种……的感觉 ⑭excel v．擅长，优于 ⑮anticipate vt.预料；预计 ⑯emerge v．出现，浮现，露出 ⑰be satisfied with ... 对……感到满意，满足于…… ⑱status quo 现状，原来的状况 ⑲adapt oneself to 使自己适应…… Indeed, it could be argued that our education is geared④ towards preparing us for a life of work.However, earning a living⑤ is by no means⑥ the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 本句为复合句。句中第一个that引导宾语从句，其中两个because都引导原因状语从句，not least 意为“尤其，特别”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词salary。 本句为复合句。其中It作主句的形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语；once引导条件状语从句。 本句为复合句。其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。 Through the work we do, our goals can be attained⑦ and our dreams achieved.All of us have had dreams of one kind or another and work often enables us to pursue those dreams.Henry David Thoreau said, “ ...if one advances confidently in the direction of⑧ his dreams, and endeavors⑨ to live the life which he has imagined， he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.”Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion⑩ for flying, became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space.Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be， work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in⑪ something we are fond⑫of, and consequently, it can give us a great sense of⑬ achievement and satisfaction. which引导定语从句，修饰先行词life。 Wherever和whatever均引导让步状语从句。 Work can also help develop our skills, thus providing room for personal growth.When we work, we must practise our skills constantly and continuously until we excel⑭ in what we do.Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills. Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate⑮ the new positions which will emerge⑯ twenty years from now.However, it is certain that no one can afford to be satisfied with⑰ the status quo⑱. In order to better adapt ourselves to⑲ new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills.This can add to our sense of achievement and our knowledge that we are developing as individuals while we move along our chosen career path. 动词­ing短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 until引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。 　　通过我们所做的工作，我们的目标可以达成，我们的梦想也可以实现。我们所有人都有这样或那样的梦想，而工作常常使我们能够追求这些梦想。亨利·戴维·梭罗曾说过，“……一个人若自信地朝他梦想的方向行进，努力过他设想的那种生活，那么他就会在平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。”例如，杨利伟在飞行激情的驱使下成了一名飞行员，然后成了太空中中国第一名航天员。无论我们的兴趣在哪里，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作都能让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情，从而给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 工作也有助于提高我们的技能，从而为个人成长提供空间。当我们工作时，我们必须持续不断地练习我们的技能，直到我们在我们所做的事情中脱颖而出。我们快速变化的工作环境使我们有必要跟上并培养新技能。二十年前，社交技术或能源效率方面的职位甚至还不存在，而且也难以预料二十年后将会出现的新职位。然而，可以肯定的是，没有人满足于现状。为了更好地适应新的环境，我们必须准备好并愿意获得新技能。这可以增加我们的成就感，以及让我们知道，我们在选择的职业道路上前进时作为个体正在发展。 工作不仅有益于我们个人，也有助于社会的健康。在最基本的层面上，不同类型的工作就像机器上的齿轮。齿轮运转是为了确保我们称之为“社会”的机器正常运转。在一个成功、稳定、高效的社会中，所有的工作都同等重要，没有人比别人优越，因此我们不应该对任何人抱有偏见。无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、文员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。此外， 续表 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ⑳contribute to 促进； 对……做出贡献 superior adj.更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 be superior to 优于 prejudice n．偏见，成见 have prejudice against 对……有偏见 lawyer n．律师 servant n．雇员，职员；仆人 public servant 公务员，公仆 consultant n．顾问；会诊医师 clerk n．职员，簿记员，文书 receptionist n．接待员 respective adj.分别的，各自的 zone n．地区；区域 comfort zone 舒适区，放松区 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；承诺/保证(做)某事 be devoted to 致力于；献身于 lay out (整齐地)铺开，展开；规划，布置，设计 take pride in 为……自豪，为……骄傲 as a whole 整体而言，总体上 句中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to keep up and develop new skills作真正的宾语。 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词knowledge；while引导时间状语从句。 Not only does work benefit us personally, it also contributes to⑳ the health of society.At the most basic level, different types of jobs are like gears in a machine.They work to ensure that the machine we call “society” functions properly.In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superiorto another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them.Whether we are scientists, lawyers, doctors, public servants, consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions. Moreover, there are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working for the benefit of others.For example, teachers in remote rural areas are devoted to changing the lives of the people with less access to the advantages enjoyed by many others.In this way, we work to advance our communities and bring success to our nation. 本句为not only ...but also ...句型。其中not only置于句首引起部分倒装。 动词不定式短语to ensure ... properly作目的状语；that引导宾语从句，作动词ensure的宾语。 Whether引导让步状语从句。 who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 Wherever life takes us and whatever choices are laid out before us, something worth remembering is that our work, when done well, will not only help us make a living but also help make a life for ourselves and for others. We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well­being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole. that引导同位语从句，作名词knowledge的同位语。 有些人选择走出自己的舒适区，致力于为他人的利益而工作。例如，偏远农村地区的教师致力于改变人们的生活，因为他们很少能享受到其他许多人所享有的好处。通过这种方式，我们努力推进我们的社区，为我们的国家带来成功。 无论生活把我们带到哪里，无论摆在我们面前的选择是什么，值得记住的是，当我们的工作做得好时，它不仅会帮助我们谋生，还会帮助自己和他人创造生活。我们可以自豪地认识到，努力工作对于我们个人的福祉以及我们整个社会的利益至关重要。 1．labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi.努力做；干苦力活 It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 当然，我们大多数人一旦完成学业就加入了劳动大军。 (1)labour force (全公司或全国的)劳动力 (2)labour at 努力研究 labour for 为……而努力工作 labour under 为……所蒙蔽 labour up 艰难地向上 labour (sb.) with 用……使(某人)疲倦 (3)labourer n．体力劳动者，劳工，工人 Labour is not only a necessity but also a pleasure. 劳动不仅是必需的，而且是一种乐趣。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Why should you labour for the boss of the company when he gives you no reward? ②Don't labour the reader with unnecessary detail. ③The car laboured up the hill. ④Don't labour at your writing, try to make it seem easy and natural. ⑤You are labouring under an error if you think these rules will always be valid. ⑥There was a labourer(labour) working at a fence round a plantation, on the borders of the grounds. 2．earn a living 谋生 However, earning_a_living is by no means the only reason why we work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要原因激励我们进入工作的世界。 (1)earn/make one's/a living 谋生 (2)earn vt.赚；赚得；获得；挣得；使得到；博得 earn money 赚钱 earn interest 赚取利息 earn respect from sb.赢得某人的尊敬 earn sb. sth.为……赢得…… (3)earnings n．薪水，工资；利润 He tried many ways of earning a living, and in the end he became a farm labourer. 他尝试过许多谋生的方法，最后成了一名农场工人。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①His skill in negotiating earned him(he) a good reputation. ②In order to earn my living(live), I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength. ③He also told us that the best way to earn respect from others was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 完成句子 ④A deposit in the bank is your capital，which will earn_interest_ for you. 你在银行的存款是你的资本，它能为你赚取利润。 ⑤She was earning_good_money at the bank. 她在银行工作，收入不错。 3．attain vt.达到；获得 Through the work we do，our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. 通过我们所做的工作，我们的目标可以达成，我们的梦想也可以实现。 (1)attain to 达到；获得；到达理想的状态 attain one's goal/hopes 实现某人的目标/心愿 attain real happiness 获得真正的快乐 (2)attainable adj.可达到/获得的 attainment n．达到；获得；成就，造诣 (1)To attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it. 要想在一门外语中达到高水平的流利性和准确性，你得置身于该语言环境中。 (2)With the exception of Tommy, each attained a measure of success. 除了汤米之外，每个人都获得了相当大的成功。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①He tried in vain to attain a fame. ②She refused to let the injury keep her from attaining(attain) her goal of winning in the Olympics. ③India attained(attain) independence in 1947，after decades of struggle. ④You need to set goals that are clear and attainable (attain). ⑤We congratulated him upon his attainment(attain) to so great an age. 4．be fond of喜爱 Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be, work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are_fond_of,_and consequently, it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction. 无论我们的兴趣在哪里，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作都能让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情，从而给我们极大的成就感和满足感。 (1)take to 喜欢上，爱上；养成……的习惯(to为介词) fall in love with 爱上，喜欢上 be keen on (doing/to do) sth. 喜爱，热衷于(做)某事 (2)be nervous of 忧虑，担忧 be proud of 为……自豪 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 对……厌倦 be tired of 对……厌烦 be worthy of 值得 be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧 be aware of 意识到，知道 be certain of 确信；确定 be free of 没有；摆脱 We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. 我们太喜欢高智商了，以至于我们认为，说到智力，越多越好。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①She is very fond of Chinese classical literature and has spent some time reading Tang and Song poetry. ②As soon as I got there, I fell in love with the beautiful city. ③He has always been very keen on doing physical exercises. 完成句子 ④The parents went into the dormitory without the slightest hesitation as if they weren't_aware_of the mass, but Mr Smith was_proud_of his son, who was_fond_of keeping his bed tidy. 家长们毫不犹豫地走进了宿舍，就好像他们没有注意到这团乱麻似的。但是史密斯先生为他的儿子感到骄傲，因为他的儿子喜欢保持床的整洁。 5．anticipate vt.预料；预计 Twenty years ago, positions in social technologies or energy efficiency did not even exist, and it is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. 二十年前，社交技术或能源效率方面的职位甚至还不存在，而且也难以预料二十年后将会出现的新职位。 (1)anticipate doing sth. 预料做某事；期盼做某事 It is anticipated that ...据预测…… (2)anticipation n．预料，预期；期盼，期望 in anticipation of 期待着……；预料到…… At that time we couldn't have anticipated the result of our campaigning. 那时我们不可能预料到我们这项运动的结果。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①They didn't anticipate meeting(meet) so much trouble in the process. ②It is_anticipated(anticipate) that there will be a good harvest this autumn. ③He bought extra food in anticipation(anticipate) of more people coming than he'd invited. 完成句子 ④We anticipate_reading_the_novel with great interest. 我们以极大的兴趣期待着阅读这部小说。 6．superior adj.更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 In a successful，stable and productive society，all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another，so we should not have prejudice against any of them. 在一个成功、稳定、高效的社会中，所有的工作都同等重要，没有人比别人优越，因此我们不应该对任何人抱有偏见。 (1)a superior product/car 一件优质的产品/一辆优质的汽车 a superior standard 一项高标准 a superior actor/technician 一位优秀的演员/技工 (be) superior to 优于；比……优越 be superior in number 数量占优 (2)inferior adj.差的；自卑的；下级的；下等的 n．下级；次品 (be) inferior to不如；次于…… (1)This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这个款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 (2)We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends. 我们的关系要比我们其他许多朋友的关系好得多。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①As a violin player，he has_no_superior. 作为小提琴手，没有人能超过他。 ②The allies were_superior_in_number to their enemies. 盟军在数量上胜过敌军。 ③As far as I am concerned, modern music is inferior_to that of the past. 我认为现代的音乐不如过去的。 7．respective adj.分别的，各自的 Whether we are scientists, lawyers，doctors，public servants，consultants, clerks, receptionists or butchers, we all make our respective contributions. 无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、文员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。 (1)respect vt.& n．尊重，敬重 respect sb. for ...因……而尊重某人 show/have respect for对……表示尊重 with respect 尊敬地 out of respect (for sb.)出于(对某人的)尊敬 in respect of 关于……；就……而言 with respect to sth.关于某事(物)；就某事(物)而言 in every respect 在各个方面 (2)respectful adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的 be respectful to sb.对某人表示尊敬 (1)After the game was over, the boys returned to their respective houses. 比赛结束后，男孩们回到了他们各自的家。 (2)Steve and I were at very different stages in our respective careers. 史蒂夫和我在各自的职业生涯中处于迥然不同的阶段。 [名师点津]　respect作“尊敬，敬重”讲时，为不可数名词；但在一些习惯用语中通常用复数形式表示“问候，敬意”。如：give/send one's respects to“向……表示问候”。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The three men were given work according to their respective(respect) abilities. ②My English teacher is modest and prudent，so all of us show respect for him. ③With respect to your application for the job, I am not yet able to tell you our decision. ④The children in our family are always respectful (respect) to their elders. 完成句子 ⑤All the students are_respectful_to the respectable professor in this respect. 在这方面，所有的学生都尊敬那位可敬的教授。 8．operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.运转，工作；经营，营业 Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”， such as machine operating and software programming. 目前，重点是对“硬技能”的培训，如机器操作和软件编程。 (1)operate on/upon ...给……做手术 (2)operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 put ...into operation ……投入使用；……开始试行；……投入运营 come/go into operation 开始工作；运转；生效 (3)operator n．电话接线员；操作员；经营者 (1)Trains start at 11：00 and an hourly service will operate until 16：00. 火车11点发车，每小时一班，一直运营到16点。 (2)Changes are being introduced to make the department operate more efficiently. 这个部门正在推行变革，以使它更有效地运作。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Having seen the X­ray, the doctor decided to operate on/upon the patient. ②The task of the operator(operate) is to carry out routine maintenance of the machine. ③His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation(operate). 完成句子 ④The new law will come/go_into_operation by midnight tomorrow. 新法律将于明日午夜生效。 9．hire vt.& vi.聘用，雇用；租用 n．新雇员；租借 However，in the future，employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn. 然而，未来雇主们将会雇用那些准备好并且有能力学习的人。 (1)a car hire company 一家汽车出租公司 on hire 出租的；雇用 (2)hire sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 hire out 出租 Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talents. 建立一个梦之队比简单地雇用最好的人才更复杂。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①He has horses on hire. ②Why don't you hire out your car to your neighbours while you're away, and earn some money? ③We hired a magician to_entertain(entertain) the children. 10．leadership n．领导应有的品质；领导地位 As a result，employees will need to attain excellent soft skills such as communication，cooperation and leadership． 因此，员工需要掌握良好的软技能，如沟通、合作和领导能力。 (1)under one's leadership 在某人的领导下 the leadership of ……的领导 (2)lead vt.领导；致使；引导；指挥 vi.领导；导致 n．领导；榜样 play the lead in a play 在剧中扮演主角 lead the way 领先 lead sb. into doing sth. 引导某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事 (3)leader n．领导人；领先者 What most people want to see is determined, decisive action and firm leadership. 大多数人希望看到的是坚决果断的行动和强有力的领导作风。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①We lead_the_way in space technology. 我们在航天技术方面处于领先地位。 ②I tried to lead_the_discussion_back to the main issue. 我试图把讨论引回主要问题。 ③The track led_us_through a wood. 我们沿着那条小道穿过了树林。 ④He praised_her_leadership during the crisis. 他称赞了她在危机中的领导作用。 11．reason后的定语从句 However, earning a living is by no means the_only_reason_why_we_work—there are other important reasons that motivate us to enter the world of work. 然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因——还有其他重要原因激励我们进入工作的世界。 (1)reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或for which引导。 (2)reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。 (3)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，引导词用that。 (4)That/This/It is why ...“那/这就是……的原因”，why从句表示结果；That/This/It is because ...“那/这是因为……”，because从句表示原因。 (5)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The reason why he got so angry was that he found his son lying to him. ②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus. ③Why don't you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam? ④There was a lot of work to do. That is why I didn't go to the cinema that day. 翻译句子 ⑤我选择放弃的主要原因是我在一个强调集体主义的文化中长大，倾向于为了集体的利益而牺牲自己的利益。 The_main_reason_why_I_choose_to_give_it_up_is_that_being_brought_up_in_a_culture_emphasizing_collectivism,_I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$