Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案课件PPT（译林版2020）

WELCOME UNIT Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 4 5 课堂效果检测 课后课时作业 课前预习自检 Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want——vt.& vi. ______ 2．the basic and most important part of something——n. ____ 3．to stop blaming or being angry with someone for something they have done, or not punish them for something——vt.& vi. ______ 4．large in size, value or importance——adj. _________ 5．a separate room or area in a hospital for people with the same type of medical condition——n. ____ cheat core forgive substantial ward 课前预习自检 6．feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done——adj. ______ 7．to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving——vt.& vi. ______ 8．of excellent quality; very great——adj. ______ guilty resign superb 课前预习自检 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．Among every generation there are those who are willing to _________________ _____________ (承担这沉重的责任负担) and ________________________ (致力于工作) for the good of their country and people. 2．He knew that if he came back, he could _________________ (帮助推进科学的发展) in China. 3．Huang ____________________ (被任命为首席科学家) of a branch of China's largest deep－Earth exploration programme. 4．______________ (不浪费一分一秒), Huang worked in his office day and night. bear the heavy burden of responsibility devote themselves to working help advance science was made chief scientist Wasting no time 课前预习自检 5．When he had to go away on business, he always chose the midnight flight ___________________________ (这样他不会错过任何工作) in the daytime. 6．Sadly, ____________ (他患有……) cancer, but he continued to work even in the hospital ward until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58. 7．Huang __________________________ (在工作中表现出色) and made substantial contributions to his country. 8．_________________________ (他绘制世界的使命) under the Earth's surface helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought China's knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world's finest. so that he did not miss any work he fell ill with excelled where he was working His missions to map the world 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 resign vt.& vi. 辞职，辞去(教材P6) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Two members resigned from the board in protest. 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。 ②He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。 ③He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job. 他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。 ④More and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at home while working in the city. 越来越多的父母在去城市打工时把孩子托付给家里的爷爷奶奶照顾。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He was forced to resign ___ Finance Minister. ②He resigned _____ the board and formed a new company. (2)完成句子 ①他已经接受了自己将要失去工作的事实。 He ___________________ the fact that he will lose his job. ②克鲁克已经辞职了，他不愿参与这种背信弃义的行为。 Crook _________________________ rather than be party to such treachery. as from has resigned himself to had resigned his post/position 重点合作探究 2 guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的(教材P7) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①A guilty conscience is a self－accuser. 做贼心虚。 ②They feel guilty about not being able to see their son often. 他们因不能经常去看望儿子而感到内疚。 ③The man admitted that he was guilty of murder. 那名男子承认他犯了谋杀罪。 ④Nothing could purge the guilt from her mind. 她内心的愧疚是无法消除的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①A personal sense ____ guilt guides one's behavior. ②They were found ______ (guilt) of causing unnecessary suffering to animals. (2)翻译 她为最近少花时间陪两个孩子而感到内疚。 ____________________________________________________________________ of guilty She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids. 重点合作探究 3 ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬(教材P7) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①The photographer was ashamed of his failure in the photography competition. 摄影师为自己在摄影比赛中的失败感到羞愧。 ②Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions. 吉姆为用如此多的问题麻烦我而感到不好意思。 ③You always cheat in exams, and I am ashamed for you. 你总是在考试中作弊，我替你感到羞愧。 ④To my shame (＝I feel shamed that) I refused to listen to her side of the story. 使我感到惭愧的是，我拒绝听她对事情的解释。 重点合作探究 He is ashamed of his blindness, but he believes that it is a shameful act to steal money from a blind. 他为自己的失明感到羞愧，但他认为从盲人那里偷钱是可耻的行为。 易混辨析：ashamed/shameful ashamed “感到羞耻，觉得惭愧，不好意思”，表示主语主观认为是可耻的 shameful 表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的” 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's __ shame that she wasn't here to see it. ②The more embarrassing or ________ (shame) the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. ③You should be ashamed ___ yourself for telling such lies. (2)完成句子 我们常常为自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞耻。 We are often ________________________， our mistakes and our failures. a shameful of ashamed of our shortcomings 重点合作探究 4 forgive vt.& vi. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)(教材P7) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Please forgive me for losing contact with you for a long time. 请原谅我与你失去联系这么长时间。 ②Forgive my interrupting but I really don't agree with that. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。 ③It is better to forgive and forget rather than to hold a grudge. 与其怀有宿怨不如去宽恕和释怀。 ④Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. 道歉能减少冲突，带来宽恕，并有助于修补亲密关系。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may ________ (forgive) for thinking they are in a city gallery. ②Please forgive my ______ (be) so rude to you that day. ③He forgave her ___ what she had said to him. (2)翻译 ①他从未承认自己的罪行，也没有请求原谅。 ____________________________________________________________________ ②为了报答你的好心，我原谅你过去的一切坏习惯。 ____________________________________________________________________ be forgiven being for He never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness. In reward for your kind heart, I forgive you for all your bad habits. 重点合作探究 Grammar　状语从句(复习) Grammar　状语从句(复习) 23 语法体验 写出下列状语从句的类型 1．There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside._______状语从句 2．Whether or not we’re successful, we are sure that we did our best. ______状语从句 3．As long as you are in good health, nothing else matters. _____状语从句 4．We live where the road crosses the river._____状语从句 5．As soon as we heard the good news, we jumped with joy. _____状语从句 方式 让步 条件 地点 时间 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 24 6．Even though/if you say so, I do not believe it. _____状语从句 7．There are as many people in our town as in your town. _____状语从句 8．Because they have strong players, they win the game. _____状语从句 9．We arrived early in the morning, so that we caught the early train.______状语从句 10．She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.______状语从句 让步 比较 原因 结果 目的 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 25 语法讲座 状语从句在句中作状语，与副词的作用相同，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等；状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。 按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 26 1．when, while, as的用法 一、时间状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 27 ①It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是半夜。 ②I want the girls to experience that while they are young. 我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。 ③As speech develops, the child starts to string more words together. 随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 28 如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。 When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 29 2．when的特殊用法 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 30 ①I was about to call Tom up when he came to my house. 我正想给汤姆打电话，这时他来我家了。 ②On Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 周五，我们正在收拾行李准备外出度周末，这时我的女儿听到了求救的呼喊。 ③I was on the point of giving him my address when my friend came up to us. 我差点就要把地址给他了，这时我朋友走过来了。 ④He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 31 3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达 包括as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ..., once等。 ①My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call. 我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。 ②The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 32 no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，句子应用部分倒装。 He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper. 他一到家就开始准备晚饭。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 33 4．before与since的用法 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 34 ①It will be three years before I graduate from college. 三年后我才大学毕业。 ②It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall. 过不了多久，通货膨胀的数字就会开始下降。 ③It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me. 几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。 ④As is reported, it is 100 years since the university was founded. 据报道，自从该大学成立已经有100年了。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 35 5．until/till和not ... until的用法 ①Have you heard the meeting will be put off until/till next Tuesday? 这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？ ②I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour. 直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才告诉他答案。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 36 (1)单句语法填空 ①It wasn't _____ 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! ②The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city ______ you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. until when Grammar　状语从句(复习) 37 (2)完成句子 ①不久之后，嫌疑人就会被逮捕。 ___________________ the suspect will be arrested. ②她从大学毕业已经有六年了。 It has been six years ______________________________． ③铃声一响，男孩们就冲了出去。 ____________________， the boys rushed out. It won't be long before since she graduated from university Immediately the bell rang Grammar　状语从句(复习) 38 ①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 很多高楼拔地而起，而在一年前，这里是一片废墟。 ②Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 二、地点状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 39 三、原因状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 40 ①His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful. 他的朋友们都喜欢他，只是因为他英俊而成功。 ②We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them. 我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。 ③As she has been ill perhaps she will need some help. 由于她病了，也许她需要一些帮助。 ④Considering that they are fresh from universities, they've done a pretty impressive job. 鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业，他们的工作已经相当出色了。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 41 四、目的状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 42 ①When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him. 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 ②I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes. 我给了他一把钥匙，以便他随时能进来。 ③The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him. 那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。 ④Take your raincoat in case it should rain. 带上雨衣以防下雨。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 43 (1)in order that比so that正式，in order that引导的从句可以在主句前，也可以在主句后；而so that引导的从句只能位于主句后。 (2)目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 44 引导结果状语从句的连词有so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ... 等。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ... 引导的句子中的that可以省略。 五、结果状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 45 ①He is so learned a person that we admire him very much. ＝He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。 ②He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。 ③It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 ④This is something where you can earn such a lot of money that there is not any risk that you will lose it. 这是能赚到很多钱而没有任何亏钱风险的事。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 46 (1)单句语法填空 ①_______ there is a way, there is a will. ②________ she had made a terrible mistake, the teacher punished her. ③______ (give) he's only sixteen year old, he is not fit for the job. ④The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters ___ that he could sign them. Where Because Given so Grammar　状语从句(复习) 47 (2)翻译 ①由于天气如此恶劣，我们不得不推迟旅行。 ____________________________________________________________________ ②她是一个非常可爱的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。 ____________________________________________________________________ ③这是一个很好的机会，我们不能错过它。 ____________________________________________________________________ ④我们都早点起床，以便可以七点钟出发。 ____________________________________________________________________ Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her. It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. We all get up early so that/in order that we can start at seven. Grammar　状语从句(复习) 48 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (＝if ... not) (除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (假设，如果), provided that (如果)等。 ①She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves. 她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。 ②You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast. 只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。 六、条件状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 49 ③He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country. 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。 ④Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？ Grammar　状语从句(复习) 50 七、让步状语从句 ①Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 51 ②He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to. 他太忙了，尽管他想陪儿子，但就是抽不出足够的时间。 ③One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life. 一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 ④While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. 虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。 ⑤Intelligent as/though you are, I suspect you will fail. 尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 52 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。 ①The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive. 卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。 ②You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须像我一样拿工具。 ③The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。 八、方式状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 53 引导比较状语从句的有as ... as .../not so (as) ... as ... (第一个as是副词，意为“如此”，在主句中说明所比内容的程度；第二个as可看作连词), than (比)等。 ①He works as hard as his brother does. 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。 ②The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想象的那么困难。 ③You look younger than you are. 你看起来比你实际上要年轻。 九、比较状语从句 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 54 比较状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句的谓语动词一致，且为行为动词时，常用do(does，did)代替，以免重复。 We have produced more coal this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的煤要比去年生产的多。 She drives better than her husband does. 她车开得比她丈夫好。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 55 (1)单句语法填空 ①______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. ②____________________ Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. ③___ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. ④When in an awkward atmosphere, do ___ the others do. Unless Although/Though/While If as Grammar　状语从句(复习) 56 (2)翻译 ①她与她姐姐一样聪明。 ____________________________________________________________________ ②只要你继续锻炼，就能保持良好的身材。 ____________________________________________________________________ ③即使天气不好，老人也总是喜欢游泳。 ____________________________________________________________________ ④不论你在哪里，我都建议你经常与家人联系。 ____________________________________________________________________ She is as smart as her sister. As long as you keep exercising, you can keep in good shape. The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is bad. No matter where you are, I suggest you keep in touch with your family. Grammar　状语从句(复习) 57 在表示时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it，从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，从而构成 “从属连词＋形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/介词短语/不定式”结构。 ①If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary. 如果可能的话，请在词典里查阅那个单词。 ②While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend. 路过超市时，我遇见了我的朋友。 十、状语从句的省略 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 58 ③Unless (I am) invited, I won't take part in the activity. 除非有人邀请，否则我不会参加那个活动。 ④Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那个陌生人面带笑容，转向我，似乎想对我说话。 Grammar　状语从句(复习) 59 (1)单句语法填空 ①Look out for cars when ________ (cross) the road. ②When ________ (help) others, I'm happy. ③Once ________ (complete), they would cut transport costs by up to 25%. crossing helping completed Grammar　状语从句(复习) 60 (2)完成句子 ①当我们到达那里，就自愿参加了这项工程。 __________________， we joined in voluntary labour on a project. ②虽然年纪轻轻，但她不得不养活自己。 ____________________， she had to live on herself. ③波涛冲击着岩石，好像发怒一般。 The waves dashed on the rocks _____________________． ④如果有必要的话，我们会买一辆新车。 _______________， we will buy a new car. While (we were) there Though (she was) young as if (they were) in anger If (it is) necessary Grammar　状语从句(复习) 61 课堂效果检测 Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The papers prophesied that he would _____ (辞职) after the weekend. 2．The audience was fascinated by the ______ (极好的) performance. 3．It is known to us all that our country is rich in ________ (矿物)． 4．She was deeply a_______ of her behaviour at the party. 5．It took the jury some time to reach the conclusion that she was g____. resign superb mineral shamed uilty 课堂效果检测 63 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Before departure, the two young men agreed to meet there again twenty years later, ________ their conditions might be. 2．Convenient ________ they are, these apps present problems to both parents and teachers. 3．Jack was on the point of doing his homework _____ he heard his name called. 4．Any measure of an ad’s performance is entirely pointless _____ it could be viewed by a person. 5．____________________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive. whatever as/though when unless While/Although/Though 课堂效果检测 64 Ⅲ.完成句子 1．春天来了，白天就更长了。 ________________ when spring comes. 2．我只做那些让我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。 I only take on work that excites me _________________ it means turning down lots of money. 3．房价因地而异，凡是有名牌学校的地方房价通常都很高。 House prices vary from place to place and are usually high ___________________ _______. The days get longer even if/even though where there are famous schools 课堂效果检测 65 4．一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。 ____________________， it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 5．我学习意大利语以便能读懂但丁的原著。 I studied Italian ______ I would be able to read Dante in the original. Once the damage is done so that 课堂效果检测 66 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 Back in 2015, I made some powerful comments to graduating students at Utah Valley University. I advised the students to live a __1__ life. We all need to go out and live large, not just when we're young, but throughout our __2__ lives. However, people often __3__ to live large. Why? Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure. I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge __5__. Many years ago, I decided to lend a large amount of money using a restaurant as collateral (担保品). The decision was a big __6__ on my part! I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， 课后课时作业 68 and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it. __8__， I lost almost all of what I had loaned. I learned from it that I shouldn't __9__ what I know best—real estate (不动产). Later, I __10__ that I could do __11__ by owning the right kind of income－producing properties. I also, very successfully, risked the development of warehouses (仓储), where the __12__ were even bigger. Those did come with increased risks, but they were risks I was willing to take because I knew them enough. The success I had in those risks __13__ lessons learned from my failures and my efforts to live large. 课后课时作业 69 Now, living large for you may not be about __14__ in real estate. It will mean different things to different people, but __15__ that the term refers to more than making money. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的经历为例，鼓励学生不要畏惧失败，要拥抱生活，敢于梦想。 课后课时作业 70 答案： D　根据后文“We all need to go out and live large”可知，此处为large的原词复现，live a large life “胸怀宽广地生活”。故选D。 1．A.great B．simple C．meaningful D．large 答案： C　根据语境和前文“not just when we're young”可知，敢于梦想应贯穿在我们整个生命中。current “当前的”；temporary “临时的”；entire “整个的”；positive “积极的”。故选C。 2．A.current B．temporary C．entire D．positive 课后课时作业 71 3．A.struggle B．decide C．hesitate D．prefer 答案：C　根据后文“Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure.”可知，人们因为害怕失败，做事犹犹豫豫。struggle “斗争”；decide “决定”；hesitate “犹豫”；prefer “更喜欢”。故选C。 4．A.potential B．real C．fake D．dedicated 答案：A　根据前文可知，人们因为害怕失败，做事犹豫不决，此处的“失败”指“未知的、潜在的失败”。 potential “潜在的”；real “真实的”；fake “虚假的”；dedicated “专用的”。故选A。 课后课时作业 72 5．A.disasters B．successes C．pains D．pressure 答案：B　根据前文“I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to”可知，失败是成功之母，此处指“一些失败导致成功”。 disaster “灾难”；success “成功”；pain “痛苦”；pressure “压力”。故选B。 课后课时作业 73 6．A.mistake B．improvement C．ceremony D．responsibility 答案：A　根据后文“I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it.”和“I lost almost all of what I had loaned”可知，作者的决策是错的。mistake “错误”；improvement “改进”；ceremony “仪式”；responsibility “责任”。故选A。 课后课时作业 74 7．A.question B．business C．procedure D．process 答案：B　根据后文“I certainly wouldn't know how to run it”和“I lost almost all of what I had loaned”可知，此处指“生意、买卖”。 question “问题”；business “商业”；procedure “程序”；process “过程”。故选B。 课后课时作业 75 8．A.Additionally B．Fortunately C．Therefore D．However 答案：C　后文“I lost almost all of what I had loaned”和前文“I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it.”之间存在因果关系，因为不懂行，所以损失惨重。additionally “另外”；fortunately “幸运的是”；therefore “因此”；however “然而”。故选C。 课后课时作业 76 9．A.be taken with B．jump into C．let alone D．keep away from 答案：D　根据前文“I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it.”和后文“what I know best”可知，作者认为自己的失败应归因于他脱离了最熟悉的领域。be taken with “被带上”；jump into “跳进”；let alone “听任”；keep away from “回避，远离”。故选D。 课后课时作业 77 10．A.stressed B．complained C．discovered D．doubted 答案：C　根据后文“I could do __11__ by owning the right kind of income－producing properties”可知，这是作者经过失败经历后的新发现。stress “强调”；complain “抱怨”；discover “发现”；doubt “怀疑”。故选C。 课后课时作业 78 11．A.falsely B．less C．legally D．better 答案：D　前文提到作者擅长做房地产生意，再根据后文“by owning the right kind of income－producing properties”可知，此处表示对比。falsely “错误地”；less “更少地”；legally “合法地”；better “更好地”。故选D。 课后课时作业 79 12．A.interests B．profits C．rules D．presentations 答案：B　根据语境和前文“I could do __11__ by owning the right kind of income－producing properties”可知，对比房地产，仓储发展利润更大。interest “利益”；profit “利润”；rule “规则”；presentation “展示”。故选B。 课后课时作业 80 13．A.resulted in B．came from C．picked out D．handed out 答案：B　根据前文“I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge __5__．”可知，作者的成功来自从失败中吸取的教训。result in “导致”；come from “来自”；pick out “挑选”；hand out “分发”。故选B。 课后课时作业 81 14．A.investing B．arriving C．sharing D．lying 答案：A　根据前文可知，作者曾投资房地产，根据后文“in real estate”可知，此处指“投资房地产”。 invest “投资”；arrive “到达”；share “分享”；lie “撒谎，平躺”。故选A。 课后课时作业 82 15．A.wonder B．admit C．warn D．remember 答案：D　根据后文“that the term refers to more than making money”可知，此处是作者得出的结论，希望读者能够记住这个道理。wonder “想知道”；admit “承认”；warn “警告”；remember “记住”。故选D。 课后课时作业 83 Ⅱ　阅读 You might text your friend a white lie to get out of going to dinner, exaggerateW1 your height on a CV online to appear more attractive or invent an excuse for your boss over email to save face. Social psychologists have long wondered where people tend to lie the most—that is, in personP or through some other communication medium. 课后课时作业 84 A 2004 study was among the first to investigate the connection between deception (欺骗) rates and technology. Jeff Hancock's team had 28 students report the number of social interactions they had through face－to－face communication, the phone, instant messaging and email over seven days. Students also reported the number of times they lied in each social interactionW2. The results suggested people told the most lies on the phone and the fewest through email, which is broadly in line with a “feature－based model”. According to the model, specific aspects of a technology—whether people can communicate back and forth smoothly, whether the messages are fleeting and whether communicators are distant—predict where people tend to lie the most. 课后课时作业 85 When Hancock conducted his study, few students had a Facebook account. The iPhone was in its early stage. What would his results look like nearly 20 years later? In a new study, I recruited (招募) 250 people and studied interactions from more forms of technology. The participants recorded their social interactions and number of interactions with a lie over seven days, across face－to－face communication, social media, the phone, texting, video chat and email. The results show people seem to lie according to the “feature－based model”. There are several possible explanations for these results. Phone and video chat, for example, might make deceptionW3 less costly to a social relationship if caught. 课后课时作业 86 Deception rates might also differ across technology because people use some forms of technology for certain social relationships. For example, people might only email their colleagues (同事), while video chat might be a better fit for more personal relationships. People often believe just because we use technology to interact, honesty is harder to come by. Not only is this perception (看法) misguided, but it is also unsupported by enough evidence. The belief that lying is common in the digital age just doesn't match the data. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科技在人们说谎中所起的作用。 课后课时作业 87 1．What does the author intend to do in the first paragraph? A．Reveal the tendency of people to tell lies on social media. B．Introduce the topic of technology's role in people's telling lies. C．Demonstrate the increasing popularity of social media. D．Illustrate people's ways of social interactions. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Social psychologists have ... through some other communication medium.”以及下文介绍的关于“人们使用电话、发短信和发电子邮件说谎的研究”可推知，第一段作者提到“给朋友发个短信谎称有事而不去赴宴、网上简历中谎报身高以及给老板发邮件说谎”是为了介绍技术在人们说谎中的作用这一话题。故选B。 课后课时作业 88 2．What do the studies by Hancock and the author have in common? A．Their participants were all students. B．They both aimed to reduce deception rates. C．Their results were both consistent with a certain model. D．They analyzed the same kind of social relationships. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The results suggested ... in line with a ‘feature－based model’．”及第五段最后一句“The results show people seem to lie according to the ‘feature－based model’．”可知，Hancock(汉考克)和作者的研究共同点是他们的结果都与基于特征的说谎模式一致。故选C。 课后课时作业 89 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6? A．Social media users tend to lie more. B．Close people are more likely to lie to each other. C．Lying can greatly influence friendships. D．Deception rates can be reduced by using technology. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“For example, people might ... a better fit for more personal relationships.”以及第三段第一句中的“The results suggested ... the fewest through email”可推知，关系越亲近，彼此之间越容易说谎。故选B。 课后课时作业 90 4．What does the author think of people lying in social interactions? A．It is unacceptable among friends. B．It worsens interpersonal relationships. C．It doesn't happen as frequently as expected. D．It is in line with advances in technology. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The belief that lying is common in the digital age just doesn't match the data.”可推知，作者认为人们并不像预想的那样经常在社交互动中说谎。故选C。 课后课时作业 91 W重点单词 1．exaggerate v. ______________________ 2．interaction n. _____ 3．deception n. _____ P重点短语 in person ____ 夸大，言过其实；使扩大 交互 欺骗 亲自 课后课时作业 92 Ⅲ　语法填空 Responsibility is something that needs to be earned. If you want to be treated like a responsible person, you need to learn to live like one. __1__ you are struggling in this area, here is how you can work towards it. No gossip (说长道短). If you are to be known as a responsible person, you need to stay out __2__ other people's business. The information you have acquired from hearing gossip can be tough to keep to __3__ (you) at times. That's just human nature. If you talk about a third person to someone, he may feel that you may talk behind his back as well, __4__ means you lose the person's trust. 课后课时作业 93 No excuses. Making excuses __5__ (provide) short－term comfort, but it holds you back from growing and improving, and from avoiding similar __6__ (mistake) in the future. Learn to stop __7__ (invent) excuses for what could have happened and accept responsibility for your actions. Value honesty. Honesty is __8__ (close) related to accountability. An honest person is trustworthy. If you manage __9__ (gain) a person's trust, you are responsible in that person's eyes. This is because the person believes that you are responsible enough to keep the information he may pass on to you without giving it away. 课后课时作业 94 When asked to do something, do your best. When you can deliver results as __10__ (promise), people will start to respect you and trust you more. This builds your image as a responsible person. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何让自己变为有责任心的人。 课后课时作业 95 1．If　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：如果你正在这方面挣扎，下面是你可以朝着它努力的方法。设空处引导条件状语从句。故填If。 2．of　考查介词。句意：如果你是一个负责任的人，你需要远离他人的事务。stay out of “远离”。故填of。 3．yourself　考查代词。句意：有时候，你从八卦中获得的信息很难保密。keep to oneself “保守秘密”。故填yourself。 4．which　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：如果你和某人谈论第三个人，他可能会觉得你也可能在背后说他的坏话，这意味着你失去了这个人的信任。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面一件事，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 课后课时作业 96 5．provides　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填provides。 6．mistakes　考查名词。设空前没有限定词，且mistake为可数名词，所以设空处应用名词复数，表示泛指。故填mistakes。 7．inventing　考查非谓语动词。句意：学会停止为可能发生的事情找借口，为自己的行为承担责任。stop doing sth “停止做某事”。故填inventing。 8．closely　考查词性转换。形容词related前应用副词修饰。故填closely。 9．to gain　考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你设法获得了一个人的信任，在这个人的眼中，你就是负责任的。manage to do sth “设法做成某事”。故填to gain。 10．promised　考查非谓语动词。句意：当你能兑现承诺时，人们就会开始更尊重你，更信任你。as promised “正如所承诺的”。故填promised。 课后课时作业 97 R $$