Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案word（外研版2019）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section , Using language-Grammar & Integrated skills Grammar状语从句(复习) 思维导图 时间状语从句 目的状语从句 地点状语从句 结果状语从句 原因状语从句 方式状语从句 条件状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 状语从句的省略 课前自主预习 观察句子,总结规律 ①We'll start our project if the president agrees ②l'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading the report ③The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort the moment he returned to his office ④Poor as he was, he was honest 我的发现 (1)①~④句中黑体部分作 (2①句中的 状语从句用 代替一般将来时。 ③②句用 引导时间状语从句;③句用 引导时间状语从句。 (4④句中的 状语从句使用了 语序。 答案:(1)状语(2)条件 一般现在时 (③)副词 名词性短语(4)让步 倒装 精讲课时语法 状语从句在句中作状语,与副词的作用相同,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等;状语从 句放在主句之前时,常用逗号与主句隔开;按其意义和作用一般可分为时间状语从句、地点 _ 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZxxkEom 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、 方式状语从句和比较状语从句 (一)时间状语从句 1. when, while, as的用法 用法 例句 It was the middle of the night when my 从句动作与主句动作同时或早于主句动 father woke me up and told me to watch when 作发生:可以和延续性动词连用,也可 the footballgame 以和非延续性动词连用 当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛 的时候,那时是半夜。 主句动作发生在while从句所指的整个 They rushed in while we were discussing 时间内,只能和延续性动词连用,可以 while problems 用when代替,但when的其他用法,while 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。 则无法代替 $2 He sat watching her as she got ready 主从句动作同时发生 他一直坐着看她准备好。 2.表示“-....就.....”的常用表达 有 immediately. directly. instantly, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner than..hardly/scarcelywhen. 和 once。 My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call 我妈妈未等片刻,而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。 He had hardly got home when he began to prepare supper 他一到家就开始准备晚饭。 3. before与since 的用法 (1)before意为“在......之前”,从句谓语动词发生的动作晚于主句中谓语动词表示的动作 常用句型: It will be十一段时间+before... “要过....才....” n 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 D.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 It won't be long before..不久......... It was十+一.段时间+before .. “过了.......... It will be one year before I graduate from the high一school 一年后我才高中毕业。 It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me 几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撤了 (2)since意为“自从....”,从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 亦可用于以下常用句型: It has been+一段时间+since...“自从.....已经.....” As is reported, it has been more than 1Oo years since Tsinghua University was founded 据报道,自从清华大学成立已经有100多年了。 4. till/until和not... until的用法 (1)till/until表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词 主、从句都为肯定式,两者可以换用,但till不可置于句首。 Have you heard the meeting will be put off tilluntil next Tuesday? 这个会议将被推迟到下周二,你有没有听说? (②)not.until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯 定式。 I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour 直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间,我才会告诉他答案。 5. 表示时间的名词性短语 如:the first/second time, each/every time 等。 He scored the first time he touched the ball 他第一次击球就得了分。 趁热打铁1 (1)单句语法填空 ①The staff is friendly and helpful. providing you with a map of the city .youarrive. rn 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 and offering advice if you require some ②It wasn't 1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in/Airplane! ③It has been three years I smoked 答案:①when ②until ③since (2)单句表达 ①不久之后,嫌疑人就会被逮捕。 the suspect will be arrested ②我第一次来到这座城市就觉得它很漂亮、很干净。 I thought it is beautiful and clean ③声一响,男孩们就冲了出去。 the boys rushed out 答案:①It won't be long before ②the first time I came to the city ③Immediately the bell rang (二)地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。 A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins 很多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。 Where/Wherever there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green 哪里阳光、雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油 (三)原因状语从句 1. because引导原因状语从句,一般位于主句之后,表示原因,语气最强,可用于回答why 引导的疑问句 His friends all like him just because he is handsome and successful 他的朋友们都喜欢他,只是因为他英俊而成功 2. since/nowthat引导原因状语从句,一般位于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻 译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。 Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat 由于她在室内,就没有穿外套。 3. as引导原因状语从句,表示附带说明双方已知的原因,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置 4 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 D.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 灵活(常放于主句前)。 As the wage was low, there were few people applying for the position 由于工资低,没有什么人申请这个职位。 4. in that (因为). seeingthat(鉴于).considering/given that(考虑到). when(既然)也可引导原因 状语从句。 Seeing that nobody was at home, I had to leave 由于没人在家,我只好走了。 (四)条件状语从句 条件状语从句通常由if. unless(=if.not除非). so/as long as(只要). in case(万一).on condition that(条件是). suppose/supposing(假设,如果). provided/providing that(如果)等引导。 She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves 她说如果生意还没有起色的话,她就不得不把店关掉 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast 只要你答应不开得太快,我可以把车借给你 Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us. who else can we turn to for help 假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还可以求助谁? (五)让步状语从句 1. 由although, though. even if/though引导,意为“虽然,尽管”。 Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime 尽管经常锻炼非常重要,但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to 他太忙了。尽管他想陪儿子,但是抽不出足够的时间 2. 由“特殊疑问词十-ever”“nomatter十特殊疑问词”引导,两者可以互换。 One can always manage to do more things, however/no matter how full one's schedule is in life 一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情,无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。 3. 由whether引导,常用于whether..or结构中,意为“不管.....还是.....”。 Whether we're successful or not. we can be sure that we did our best 不管成功与否,我们确已尽了最大努力。 4. 由as引导,从句要用倒装结构,此时把强调的内容置于句首,主谓不用倒装。though引 5 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 B.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 导时可用倒装结构,也可不用倒装结构。作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词,倒装后冠词需 要省略。 Intelligent as you are. I suspect you will fail 尽管你聪明,我猜想你会失败。 Little boy though/as he is. he can help his mom a lot =Though/Although he is a little boy. he can help his mom a lot 虽然他是一个小男孩,但他能帮妈妈很多忙。 趁热打铁2 (1)单句语法填空 ① (give) that he's only sixteen year old, he is not fit for the job ② she had made a terrible mistake, the teacher punished her ③ there is a way. there is a will 答案:①Given ②Because ③Where (2)单句表达 ①不管你多大年龄,你都可以通过这个方案减轻体重。 you can lose weight by following this programme ②如果天气恶劣,我们就会推迟旅行 we will delay our journey 答案:①No matter what your age is ②If the weather is bad (六)目的状语从句 1. inorder that和so that都意为“为了.....,以便.....”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动 词:前者引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后,后者引导的从句只能置于主句之后 In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again 为了使每个学生都明白,老师反复讲解那一段。 When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses in order that/so that nobody/no one can recognize him 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,以便没人能认出他。 2. forfear that.incase(that)引导目的状语从句,意为“以免,以防”。 r .学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZxXKEom 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him 那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。 (七)结果状语从句 1. sothat引导结果状语从句,有时会用逗号与主句隔开。 They brought her meat so that she never went hungry 他们给她带来了肉,这样她就再也不用挨饿了。 2. so..that引导结果状语从句常用结构 so+形容词/副词+that so+形容词+alan+可数名词单数+that.. somanv/few+可数名词复数+that.. somueh/little(少)+不可数名词+that... He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family 他挣这么少的钱,以至于养不起家。 3. such..that引导结果状语从句常用结构 auch+a/an+形容词4可数名词单数+that... ach+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park 天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。 名津 当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可转化为:so/such ..as to。 He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems -He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems 他是一名如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。 (八)方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as.asif/though等引导,常位于主句之后。其中asif/though引导的从句 _ 学科网书城 _ 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 5.ZxXkEom 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 常用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。 Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你为什么没有按我说的去赶末班车 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自已的儿子似的 (九)比较状语从句 常由as as(像.....一样....),not so/as. as..(不如.....那样....). than(比)等引导 The work is not so difficult as you imagine 这工作不像你想象的那么困难。 You look younger than you are 你看起来比你实际上要年轻。 师趣 比较状语从句的谓语动词如果与主句的谓语动词一致,且为行为动词时,常用do(does,did) 代替,以免重复。 We have produced more coal this year than we did last year 我们今年生产的煤要比去年生产的多 趁热打铁3 (1)单句语法填空 ①The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so he could sign them ②When in an awkward atmosphere, do the others do 答案:①that ②as (2)单句表达 ①她与她姐姐一样聪明。 Sheis. her sister. ②这是一个很好的机会,我们不能错过它。 Its we must not miss it ③我们都早点起床,以便我们可以七点钟出发。 We all get up early 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 答案:①as smart as ②such a good chance/so good a chance that ③so that/in order that we can start at seven (十)状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句的主语是it 且从句的谓语又含有be的某种形式时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,从而构成 “从属连 词十现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/名词/介词短语”结构 While (I was) passing by the supermarket, I met my friend 路过超市时,我遇见了我的朋友。 He is a good man. though sometimes (he is) rather dull 他是个好人,尽管有时很愚钝。 If (it is) possible, please look up the word in the dictionary 如果可能的话,请在词典里查阅那个单词。 趁热打铁4 单句表达 ①当冰受热时,它就会变成水。 ice will be changed into water ②波涛冲击着岩石,好像发怒一般。 The waves dashed on the rocks ③如果有必要的话,我们会买一辆新车。 we will buy a new car ④还是个孩子时,她就开始学习弹钢琴。 she began to learn to play the piano 答案:①When (ice is)heated ②as if (they were) in anger ③If (it is)necessary ④As(she was) achild 课堂效果检测 1.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子 1. Harry will take charge of the d while I'm away 答案:department 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 D.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 2. The library attracts thousands of s and researchers 答案:scholars 3. Af change in the organization of health services was required 答案:fundamental 4. He graduated from a medical research i five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then 答案:institute 5. Scientists are claiming a major b in the fight against cancer 答案:breakthrough l1.单句语法填空 1. Both say they want to write literary books that are (access) to a general audience 答案:accessible 2. Convenient they are, these apps present problems to both parents and teachers 答案:as/though 3. the whole. I'm in favour of the idea 答案:On 4. Any measure of an ad's performance is entirely pointless it could be viewed by a person. 答案:unless 5. She took medicine on time in order she might get well soon 答案:that 6. Children should be instructed to put things they belong in their early childhood 答案:where 7. The bell rang I could look over my answer 答案:before 8. In addition to (connect) peers, cell phones connect children and parents 答案:connecting 9. you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else 答案:Since 10