Unit 3 Section Ⅳ（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project, Assessment & Further study [对应学生用书P63] 1．stretch v．拉长；变大 2．be dressed in穿着 3．in terrible pain处于极度痛苦之中 4．abandon v．放弃；遗弃 5．confusion n．混乱；困惑 6．remarkable adj.引人注目的 7．fortunately adv.幸运地 8．open up 打开；开发 9．survive v．幸存 10．deliver a speech 发表演说 11．show respect for 对……表示尊重 12．decade n．十年 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①hell n．地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况 ②as usual像往常一样 ③aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) ④rub vt.& vi.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦 ⑤made one's bed叠被子；铺床 ⑥washroom n．洗手间，厕所 ⑦uniform n．制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 ⑧sit down to坐下来做某事；着手做 ⑨look like看起来像 ⑩at that moment就在那时 ⑪violently adv.强烈地，激烈地；厉害地，猛烈地；凶狠地 ⑫in horror惊恐地 ⑬hundreds of好几百，数百 ⑭eagle n．雕 ⑮dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑；俯冲；潜水；跳水 dive down 下冲；下潜 ⑯thunder vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n．雷，雷声 ⑰hang over笼罩 ⑱freeze vt.& vi. (froze，frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 ⑲come to oneself 镇定下来；苏醒过来 ⑳deck n．甲板，舱面 more than 多于 meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下 throw into 扔进 drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 chaos n．混乱，杂乱 navy n．海军，海军部队 send a message to 给……发信息 get in touch with与……取得联系 bleed vi.(bled，bled)失血，流血 talk about谈论 later on后来 hatch vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出 plot n．阴谋；故事情节 vt.& vi.密谋 launch an attack 发动攻击 declare war on 对……宣战 in total总共 lose one's life 丧生；失去了生命 deliver a speech 发表演讲 describe...as...把……描述成…… infamy n．臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 in response to对……做出回应 sink vt.& vi.(sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 in the middle of在……中间 be marked with被标上 memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 at the bottom of 在……的底部 pray vt.& vi.祈祷，祷告；企盼，祈求 pray for祈求；恳求 episode n．一段经历，片段；一集 Hell①comes to Pearl Harbor It was Sunday，December 7，1941.As usual②，the wake­up call came at 5：45 a．m.The men aboard③the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed④their eyes.Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter.Russell made his bed⑤and helped clean the huge，shared room.The men went to the washroom⑥，dressed in their uniforms⑦and sat down to⑧breakfast.It looked like⑨it would be a normal day on board the ship. But nobody ate their breakfast：at that moment⑩，there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently⑪and the men looked at each other in horror⑫.Above their heads，hundreds of⑬Japanese planes circled like eagles⑭.They were diving⑮down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.The scream of their engines was deafening.As bombs thundered⑯all around，clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over⑰the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze⑱，but he quickly came to himself⑲and rushed up to the deck⑳.Moments later，a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than100 meters across the ship.He suffered serious burns on his hands，arms and legs，and watched many of his friends die. as引导的原因状语从句 Louis，meanwhile，also standing on the deck，was lucky not to be thrown intothe sea.With only minor injuries，he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.After receiving the order to abandon ship，Louis saved more men from the water，draggingthem into the lifeboat.In the chaosand confusion after the attack，the US Navysent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.Luckily，he was able to get in touch withthem before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable actions，Louis did not think that he was a hero.“The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day，” he said. who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词others。 现在分词短语作伴随状语。 that引导的同位语从句，作message的同位语。 before引导的时间状语从句。 that引导的宾语从句。 Russell was saved from the water，but he was badly burnt，bleedingheavily.Fortunately，he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years，Russell refused to talk aboutwhat happened that morning，describing it simply as“hell”．His wife Elsa said，“When he opened up later on，he always mentioned the horror of it.” Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack，but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.Nobody had expected the bombing.Japan had hatcheda plotto launch a surprise attackon Pearl Harbor，so the attack began without warning and without declaring war onthe United States.The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total，more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day.More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation.The next day，President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech，in which he described December 7 as“a date which will live in infamy” and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.In response tothe attack and the president's address，the United States joined the Second World War. in which引导的非限制性定语从句；其中a date后面还有一个which引导的限制性定语从句。 Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle ofthe Pacific Ocean.Its location is marked witha memorialshaped like a bridge，which crosses the ship's sunken remains.Each year，more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom ofPearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to prayfor world peace.Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodesin American history，will never be forgotten. 四个并列的不定式作目的状语；其中含有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。 although引导的让步状语从句。 地狱降临珍珠港 那一天是1941年12月7日，星期日。和往常一样，起床的号声在凌晨5点45分吹响。美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。拉塞尔·沃里纳海员被路易·孔泰军需官喊醒。拉塞尔整理好床铺，帮忙收拾好共用的大房间。他们上了洗手间，穿上制服，坐下来吃早饭。那一天仿佛会是船上的一个寻常的日子。 但是，他们都没吃成早饭：就在那一刻，头顶上方传来了巨大的轰隆声。船体猛烈摇晃，他们都惊恐地望着对方。数百架日军飞机像老鹰一样盘旋在他们头顶上方。它们正俯冲下来，将炸弹投向珍珠港。引擎的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音，滚滚黑烟升腾入空，笼罩着海面。拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。片刻以后，一枚炸弹就击中了“亚利桑那号”战列舰，将拉塞尔甩过船身一百多米远。他的双手、双臂和双腿都严重烧伤，他眼见着许多朋友死去。 与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，他很幸运，他并没有被甩到大海里。他只受了轻伤，能够帮助其他重度烧伤并疼痛难忍的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。在袭击之后的混乱中，美国海军给他的家人送去消息，称路易已经在袭击中遇害。幸运的是，他成功地在消息抵达之前与家人取得了联络。尽管路易表现出色，但他并不认为自己是一个英雄。“真正的英雄是在那一天献出生命的人。”他说。 落入水中的拉塞尔被救了上来，但是他严重烧伤，大量出血。幸运的是，他被送到医院，存活了下来。多年以来，拉塞尔都拒绝谈论那天上午发生的事情，只是简单地将它描述成“地狱”。他的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来当他打开心扉的时候，总会说起那件事有多恐怖。” 路易和拉塞尔永远都不会忘记那次袭击的可怕场面，但是他们又足够幸运成为“亚利桑那号”少数的幸存者。谁也没有预料到这场空袭。日本密谋了对珍珠港的偷袭，所以袭击发起之时，没有预警，没有对美国宣战。这场突袭摧毁了近20艘美国舰船和180多架飞机。那一天总共有2 000多名美国人遇害，另有1 000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1 000多人失去了生命。在船上的37对兄弟里，只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。 这场突袭震惊了整个国家。次日，罗斯福总统发表了他著名的珍珠港演说，他在演讲中将12月7日描述成“活在耻辱中的日子”，并要求美国国会向日本宣战。美国加入了第二次世界大战，对这场袭击和总统演说做出了回应。 如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央一座形似桥梁的纪念馆横跨在沉船残骸上，标示出它的方位。每年都有两百多万人参观这座纪念馆。他们前来观摩沉在珍珠港底的船只身影，了解这场突袭，向在突袭中失去生命的人致意，并且为世界和平祈祷。尽管珍珠港突袭已经过去约八十年，但它仍然是美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一，永远都不会被人们遗忘。 Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1．When did Japanese planes attack Pearl Harbor? A.In the morning.　　 B．At noon. C.In the afternoon. D．At midnight. 2．What can we know about Russell and Louis from the passage? A.Russell lost his hands，arms and legs in the attack. B.Russell was seriously burned in the attack. C.Louis's family were sad to hear that he was killed. D.Louis was proud of his remarkable actions. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Louis? A.Kind and skilled. B．Helpful and clever. C.Brave and clever. D．Brave and modest. 4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Paragraph 5? A.Many American ships and airplanes were destroyed in the attack. B.More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona were killed. C.2，000 Americans were killed and 1，000 others were wounded in the war. D.Both Russell and his brother survived the attack. 答案　1～4　ABDC 1．adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养→adopted adj.收养的；领养的→adoption n．收养 2．comparison n．对比；比较→compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n．比较→comparable adj.可比较的；类似的；可相提并论的 3．pack vt.& vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包 4．contrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 5．aboard prep.& adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) 6．uniform n．制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的 7．violently adv.强烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力 8．freeze vt.& vi.(froze，frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.冻结的 9．meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下 10．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动 11．infamy n．臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 12．sink vt.& vi. (sank，sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 13．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物 14．reform vt.改进，改良，改革 n．改革，改良 15．output n．产量，输出量 16．shift n．改变，转移；轮班vi.& vt.(使)移动；(使)转移；改变 1．contrary to 与……相反的 2．as usual像往常一样 3．sit down to 坐下来做某事；着手做 4．in horror惊恐地 5．dive down 下冲；下潜 6．come to oneself 镇定下来；苏醒过来 7．get in touch with 与……取得联系 8．declare war on 对……宣战 9．in total总共 10．in response to 对……做出回应 11．be marked with 被标上 12．pray for 祈求；恳求 1．动词不定式作定语 Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack． 在船上的37对兄弟里，只有拉塞尔和他的兄弟在袭击中幸存下来。 2．although引导的让步状语从句 Although about eight decades has passed，the attack on Pearl Harbor，one of the darkest episodes in American history，will never be forgotten. 尽管珍珠港突袭已经过去约八十年，但它仍然是美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一，永远都不会被人们遗忘。 1．adopt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养vi.领养，收养 [教材P37]　Contrary to popular history books，most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history. 与流行的历史书籍相反，大多数学术书籍倾向于采用更具有分析性和严谨的方法来研究历史。 (1)adopt one's suggestion/idea 采纳某人的建议/想法 adopt sb.as...收养某人为…… (2)adopted adj.领养的 (3)adoption n．采用；收养 (1)The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. 这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。 (2)She treated her adopted son as if he were her own child. 她对待养子就像对待自己的孩子一样。　 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green，who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt) 句式转换 ②It's high time for us to take different approaches to solving the social problem. →It's high time that we adopted/should adopt different approaches to solving the social problem. 2．comparison n．对比；比较 [教材P37]　Also，they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly，thus engaging the reader's interest. 此外，他们经常使用故事和有趣的比较来生动地描绘历史人物或事件，从而吸引读者的兴趣。 (1)compare vt.比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n．比较 compare...with/to...把……和……比较 compare...to...把……比作…… compared to/with...与……比较起来(作状语) (2)comparison n．比较；对照 beyond comparison无与伦比；无可比拟 by/in comparison with和……相比较 (3)comparable adj.可比较的；类似的；可相提并论的 (1)They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.Compared with the French，the British eat far less fish. 他们比较了不同国家的饮食习惯。 与法国人相比，英国人吃鱼要少得多。 (2)In comparison with your car，mine is very cheap. 与你的汽车相比，我的很便宜。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Don't compare your strength with others' weakness，which is meaningless. ②Shakespeare compares the world to a stage in his works. ③But compared(compare) with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. ④By comparison(compare)，the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8% of rest­time energy. 一句多译 ⑤比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道怎样做出选择。 If you compare the quality of different brands，you will know how to make a choice.(条件状语从句) ＝Compare the quality of different brands，and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) ＝Comparing the quality of different brands，you will know how to make a choice.(现在分词作状语) [图解助记] 3．get in touch with与……取得联系 [教材P39]　Luckily，he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived. 幸运的是，他成功地在消息抵达之前与家人取得了联络。 (1)get in touch with sb.和某人取得联系(动作) keep in touch with sb.和某人保持联系(状态) be in touch with sb.和某人保持联系(状态) (2)lose touch with sb.和某人失去联系(动作) be out of touch with sb.和某人失去联系(状态) (1)It is hard to get in touch with Lily，for we haven't been in touch with each other since graduation. 我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就相互没有联系过。 (2)Please leave your phone number in case we lose touch with you again. 请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①I can't give you advice，because I am out of touch with economic conditions now. 我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。 ②Believe it or not，I have been/kept in touch with him for ten years. 信不信由你，10年来我与他一直保持联系。 一句多译 ③你能与那家公司取得联系吗？ ＝Can you get in touch with the company? (touch n．) ＝Can you contact the company? (contact v．) ＝Can you get in contact with the company? (contact n．) 4．动词不定式作定语。 [教材P40]　Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack． 在37对兄弟中，拉赛尔和他的兄弟是在袭击中幸存的唯一一对。 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词的最高级及the next、 the only、 the last、 the very等词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语； (2)动词不定式作定语所修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有plan、ability、chance、opportunity、wish、reason等。 (1)He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 他总是第一个吃苦，最后一个享受。 (2)In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1973年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. ②I don't think him to be the best man to do(do) the job because he is very careless. ③Paula is the only artist to achieve(achieve) four number ones from a debut album. 完成句子 ④I still have no reason to doubt his words． 我还是没有理由怀疑他的话。 [名师指津]　(1)动词不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动形式表示被动。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么要买吗？(不定式 to buy的动作执行者是you) Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗？(不定式 to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)。 (2)若不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。 He bought a comfortable flat to live in. 他买了一套舒适的公寓住。 1．If you cannot have children of your own，why not consider adoption (adopt)? 2．Comparing (compare) my work with his，I know mine is far from satisfactory. 3．They will sit down to a traditional turkey dinner early this afternoon. 4．The volcano erupted violently (violent)，yet the village at the foot of it survived. 5．The thief dived his hand into my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away. 6．It was so freezing that the cold weather froze the lake.And I was absolutely frozen．(freeze) 7．I was doing my homework and in the meanwhile my teacher was preparing lessons. 8．If we declare war on climate change，then yes we can do it. 9．So in response to your effort，the boss will allow you to sign the contract. 10．As soon as the law goes through，more food in the supermarket will have to be marked with its origin. 1．My grandma is not sick；on the contrary，she's in very good condition. 我的奶奶没有生病；与此相反，她健康极了。 2．Whenever you need help，I hope you can get in touch with me． 无论何时你需要帮助，我希望你可以联系我。 3．If I had a wish that I could pray for you，I'd wish you all the way sunshine. 如果我有一个愿望可以为你祈祷，我愿你一路阳光普照。 4．There are two conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion． 从上面的讨论可以得出两个结论。 5．Although he's nearly 80，he is still very active. 尽管快80岁了，他还是十分活跃。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$