Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P36] 主语从句 观察下面句子，说出黑体词起什么作用。 1．What I want to know is his arrival time. 2．Whether they would support us was a problem. 3. It was a pity that you didn't go to the talk. 4．That everyone may receive at least a moderate education is significant. 5．Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. [自我归纳] (1)句1～5中，黑体词均引导主语从句； (2)句3中，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。 一、定义　在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match. 令她高兴的是在这么重要的比赛中她获胜了。 It worried the mom that her son was always playing computer games. 她儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位母亲很担心。 二、引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能 1．连接词that和whether/if。 (1)that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。 That she could come to help us made us very happy. 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world. 大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。 (2)whether/if引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。 Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我们乘火车还是乘船没差别。 It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 [名师指津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。 2．连接代词有who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等。连接代词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who will take his place is not important. 谁将代替他并不重要。 What role he will play in the film hasn't been known. 在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。 3．连接副词有when，where，how，why等。连接副词引导主语从句，并在从句中作状语。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been decided. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有决定。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是一个重要的问题。 Why John was late for the class has been unexplained. 约翰为什么上课迟到还没有说明。 三、主语从句与形式主语it 1．It be＋名词词组＋主语从句 常用于这种句型的名词词组有a pity，a shame，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等。 It's a pity (that) you can't attend my birthday party. 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。 It's no wonder that she speaks English so well. 难怪她英语说得那么好。 2．It be＋形容词＋主语从句 It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显咖啡店的经理在等李方离开。 It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 3．It be＋过去分词＋主语从句 It's suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest. 建议这位老人到乡村去休息一下。 It is said that that village is where the famous singer was born. 据说，那个村庄就是那位著名的歌星出生的地方。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，etc.)＋主语从句 It seems to me that you disagree to the plan. 在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。 It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 他打电话时，我正好不在家。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句 It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白，这让她有点担心。 四、主语从句的注意事项 1．从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。 How he succeeded is still a puzzle. 他是如何成功的仍然是一个谜。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What they need are books. 他们需要的是书。 What they need is love. 他们需要的是关爱。 (2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided. 会议将在什么时候以及在哪里举行还没定下来。 3．whether引导的主语从句中，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟有or not时，不能用if替换。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.(此时whether与if不可互换) ＝It is not decided yet whether/if they will sell the house.(此时whether与if可互换) 他们还没有决定是否卖掉这所房子。 Usage要点拾遗 1．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 [教材P21]　...it comprises three stages：orbiting，landing，and returning. ……它包括三个阶段：绕轨、着陆和返回。 be comprised of＝be composed of＝consist of＝be made up of由……组成；由……构成 (1)Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times. 生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时刻。 (2)Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain，a poem made up of five lines. 另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The beauty of the picture is comprised of its balance of colors. 一句多译 联合国由许多国家组成。 ②The United Nations consists of many nations. ＝The United Nations is made up of many nations. ＝The United Nations is composed of many nations. ＝The United Nations is comprised of many nations. 2．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 [教材P21]　 how it laid the foundation for future exploration 它是如何为未来的探索奠定基础的 lay down放下；声明，阐述 lay aside把……放在一边；储存(某物)待用/备用 lay out展开，铺开；布置；花费 lay off 裁员；解雇；停止 (1)Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. 三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。 (2) Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunch table. 格雷丝把刀叉摆放在午餐桌上。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①I think you'd better lay aside fatty foods for a while. ②Private firm are starting to lay off staff and cut pay. ③The enemy were forced to lay down their arms and gave in. 完成句子 ④What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for the future． 我们在学校学到的将为我们的将来打下基础。 1．That fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference. 2．What she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 3．Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 4．Whatever book you borrow，you must return it in a week. 5．Who will go to the concert is not known. 6．Whether he can do it is a problem. 7．Why he turned down the invitation was not clear. 8．Which kinds of books they will buy needs considering. 9．AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration (administrate) are extremely important. 10．Although there are many interpretations of our body language，some gestures are universal (universe). 1．It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 他突然想起来他把钥匙忘在办公室了。 2．It is not merely a job，but a way of life. 它不仅仅是一份工作，更是一种生活方式。 3．With the rapid development of the Internet，the advantages of the Internet is plain to see． 随着互联网的快速发展，互联网的优势显而易见。 4．The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 5．The car factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales. 由于销售量的下降，汽车厂打算裁大约150名工人。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$