Unit 1 Section Ⅱ（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit and Reading—Language Points [对应学生用书P4] 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①blooming adj.盛开的，开花的 ②unfold vi.& vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现 ③stretch from...to...从……延展到…… ④ethnically adv.种族地 ⑤distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的 ⑥territory n．(加拿大)地区；领土，领地；领域 ⑦make up组成，构成 ⑧be home to是……的所在地 ⑨valley n．山谷，溪谷 carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻 ⑪a huge variety of种类繁多的 ⑫such as例如 ⑬mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的 ⑭splendid adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的 ⑮apart from除了……外(还)，此外；除了……外(都)，要不是 ⑯urban adj.城市的，城镇的 ⑰ancestor n．祖宗，祖先；原种 ⑱indigenous adj.本地的，土生土长的 ⑲strait n．海峡，水道 ⑳by means of用；借助于 thousands of许多，数以千计的 settle in迁入；定居 a vast combination of ethnic民族大融合 one out of five五分之一 for example例如 minority n．少数，少数人；少数民族，少数群体 in turn反过来；转而 bring about导致；引起 cuisine n．烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴 dynamic adj.(事物)有活力的；充满活力的；动态的，发展变化的 participate in参加 take tea喝茶 sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验n.样本，样品；取样 look for寻找 off the beaten track不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远 dance to随着……起舞 fiddle n．小提琴 Celtic adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的 come as no surprise不足为奇，毫不奇怪 depth n．最深处；深(度)；深刻；深厚 Canada—a land of diversity Canada is like a blooming①flower，unfolding②with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.It is a broad and beautiful country stretching from the Atlantic to③ the Pacific Ocean.It is also one of the most ethnically④ diverse nations in the world with distinct⑤ cultures. who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；其中what it has to offer是宾语从句，作enjoy 的宾语。 动词­ing形式短语作定语修饰country。 In the ten provinces and three territories⑥which make up⑦Canada，there is great diversity in geography.To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains，which are home to⑧high peaks and deep valleys⑨carved⑩by ice and water.Ancient，slow­moving glaciers hug the land and a huge variety of⑪wildlife wanders the remote forests.The establishment of national parks makes many of these beautiful places protected areas for the public to visit and enjoy，such as⑫Banff and Jasper National Parks.One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty⑬Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid⑭display of sights and sounds. which引导限制性定语从句，修饰 three territories。 which引导非限制性定语从句。其中carved by ice and water是过去分词短语作定语，修饰deep valleys。 为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(名词)”结构。 with的复合结构：“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语(动词­ing)”。 Apart from⑮its geographical diversity，Canada's many rural areas and urban⑯centers reflect the diversity of its residents.Some of Canada's earliest settlers，who are thought to be ancestors⑰of the indigenous⑱peoples，crossed the Bering Strait⑲by means of⑳ a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia.They settled on this vast land thousands of years ago.The first Europeans also started to settle insome of the eastern provinces centuries ago.Today，Canada reflects a vast combination of ethnicbackgrounds.About one out of fivepeople in Canada's population is foreign­born.The major ethnic groups，for example，include the English，Scottish and French，while the minoritygroups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands. known as Siberia是过去分词短语作定语修饰a place。 This ethnic variety，in turn，brings aboutcultural diversity.Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures，languages，cuisine，architecture，art and music will define your encounter.For example，in Vancouver，a dynamiccity with the highest precentage of Chinese Canadians in the country，you can participate inthe celebrations of the Chinese New Year，or you may take teain the Dr Sun Yat­Sen Classical Chinese Garden.In Montreal, one of the largest French­speaking cities in the world，you can samplethe food with a typical French flavor and see the original buildings in the French style of architecture.Finally，if you are looking forsomething off the beaten track，you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of Nova Scotia，where you can dance tofiddletunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celticsettlers.As you are exposed to diverse cultures，you may feel transported through time and space.Given these cultural differences，it comes as no surprisethat Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002. 此处是省略了if的条件状语从句，这时should应置于句首。 if引导的条件状语从句。 where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cape Breton Island。 as引导时间状语从句。 given是介词，意为“鉴于；考虑到”，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 From the towering mountain peaks to the depthsof the forests to the urban centers，Canada's geographical wonders，ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit.Indeed，it has been consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live in，and visitors are always welcome! 此处是不定式作定语修饰a unique place。 加拿大——多元化的国度 加拿大如同一朵盛开的花儿，绽放出惊人的美丽与丰富，深受那些喜欢其多元化的人们的青睐。这是一个幅员辽阔、景色宜人的国家，从大西洋绵延至太平洋。这也是世界上民族最为多元化的国家之一，有其独特的文化。 组成加拿大的十个省份和三个地区在地理风貌上有很大的差异。太平洋海岸的东部耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川与水流侵蚀而成的深谷。古老的冰川缓缓移动，向陆地靠近。种类繁多的野生动物在偏远的森林中漫步。国家公园的建立使得很多这样美丽的地方成为供公众游玩和欣赏的保护区，如班夫国家公园和贾斯珀国家公园。加拿大真正独特的一处景点是雄伟壮阔的尼亚加拉瀑布。水流从瀑布边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。 除了其地理环境的多元化，加拿大的许多农村地区和城市中心还体现了其居民的多元化。加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族的祖先，从现称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。数千年前，他们在这片辽阔的土地上定居。数百年前，第一批欧洲人也开始在加拿大东部的一些省份定居。今天，加拿大反映了各种民族背景的广泛融合。加拿大人口中大约有五分之一是在外国出生的。例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。 种族多元化相应地导致文化多元化。如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么(它的)美食、建筑、艺术和音乐会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。例如，在温哥华这个活力四射的城市，加拿大华人的比例全国最高，你可以参加中国新年的庆祝活动，也可以到中山公园喝喝茶。在蒙特利尔，世界上最大的讲法语的城市之一，你可以品尝具有典型法式风味的美食，还可以观赏原汁原味的法式风格建筑。最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛玩玩。在岛上你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，领略凯尔特移民的文化和传统。当你接触到不同的文化时，你可能会产生穿越时空之感。鉴于这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年以来就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。 从巍峨山峰到森林深处，再到城市中心，加拿大的地理奇观、种族群体及其文化使之成为独特的居住和旅游胜地。的确，加拿大一直被联合国列为最宜居的国家之一，始终欢迎游客的到来！ 1．unfold vi.& vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现 2．distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 3．territory n．(加拿大)地区；领土，领地；领域 4．valley n．山谷，溪谷 5．carve vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻 6．mighty adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的 7．splendid adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的 8．urban adj.城市的，城镇的 9．ancestor n．祖宗，祖先；原种 10．strait n．海峡；水道 11．minority n．少数，少数人；少数民族，少数群体→majority n．大多数；大部分→major adj.主要的 vi.主修n.主修科目，专业 12．cuisine n．烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴 13．dynamic adj.充满活力的；动态的，发展变化的；(事物)有活力的 14．sample vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验n.样本，样品；取样 15．depth n．最深处；深(度)；深刻；深厚→deep adj.深的 adv.深地→deeply adv.深深地 16．suburb n．郊区，城外 17．botanical adj.植物学的 1．make up组成，构成 2．be home to是……的所在地 3．a huge variety of种类繁多的 4．such as例如 5．apart from除了……外(还)，此外；除了……外(都)，要不是 6．thousands of许多，数以千计的 7．by means of用；借助于 8．settle in迁入；定居 9．dance to随着……起舞 10．one out of five五分之一 11．come as no surprise不足为奇，毫不奇怪 12．in turn反过来；转而 13．bring about导致；引起 14．participate in参加 15．off the beaten track不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远 1．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语” One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds. 加拿大真正独特的一处景点是雄伟壮阔的尼亚加拉瀑布。水流从瀑布边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。 2．given意为“鉴于；考虑到”，引导状语从句 Given these cultural differences，it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002. 鉴于这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年以来就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。 1．distinct adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的 [教材P2]　It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 这也是世界上民族最为多元化的国家之一，有其独特的文化。 (1)distinction n．差别；区分；卓著；不同凡响 make a distinction between对……加以区分 without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地 (2)distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct from与……不同 (1)It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们相信，过不了多久，多种国籍的混合程度将会非常大，以至于不会有明显的主要种族或文化群体，而只有一个多种族、多文化的混合体。 (2)Jing Haipeng had the distinction of being the first Chinese astronaut to enter space four times. 景海鹏不同凡响，是首位进入太空四次的中国宇航员。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The new law makes no distinction(distinct) between adults and children. 一句多译 ②那两个想法截然不同。 Those two ideas are quite different from each other. ＝Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other. 2．a huge variety of种类繁多的 [教材P2]　Ancient，slow­moving glaciers hug the land and a huge variety of wildlife wanders the remote forests. 古老的冰川缓缓移动，向陆地靠近。种类繁多的野生动物在偏远的森林中漫步。 (1)variety n．种类；多样性；变化 a variety of＝varieties of ＝all kinds/sorts/types of 种种的；各种各样的 (2)vary v．变化；改变 vary from...to...由……到……不等 vary with随……变化 vary in在……方面变化 (3)various adj.各种各样的；不同的 There are a variety of animals and plants in the world.They vary in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world.But for various reasons，some of them are dying out. 世界上有各种各样的动物和植物。它们在形态和大小上各有不同，并且分布在世界上许多地方。但是由于各种各样的原因，它们中的一些正在逐渐灭亡。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The prices of some vegetables vary with the season. ②The goods in the supermarket vary in size，colour and price. ③No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various(vary) activities on Earth Day. 一句多译 ④对于这件事，人人意见不一。 Opinions on this matter vary from person to person．(vary) ＝There are a variety of/varieties of opinions on this matter.(variety) ＝There are various opinions on this matter.(various) [名师指津]　“a variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3．apart from除了……外(还)，此外；除了……外(都)，要不是 [教材P2]　Apart from its geographical diversity，Canada's many rural areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents. 除了其地理环境的多元化，加拿大的许多农村地区和城市中心还体现了其居民的多元化。 take apart 将……拆开，拆分 tell...apart分辨出…… fall apart破裂；断裂；散开 set sb.apart使某人与众不同 (1)The training schedule，apart from regular training，includes joining in a variety of activities，such as participating in some national competitions. 除了常规培训之外，培训计划还包括参加各种各样的活动，比如参加一些全国性的比赛。 (2)One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell apart. 一年的时间，通过一系列的不幸事件，它 (我的梦想) 彻底破碎了。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①Apart from being too large，the trousers don't suit me. 这条裤子不仅太大，而且我穿着也不合适。 ②He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town. 他深沉的声音把他和我们小镇上的其他人区别开来。 ③This robot's job is to take apart bombs that may go off. 这种机器人的工作就是拆除那些可能爆炸的炸弹。 ④It is almost impossible to tell the twin sisters apart． 大家几乎都分不出这对双胞胎姐妹谁是谁。 [名师指津]　apart from作“除……以外”讲时，既可以表示“包括”之意，相当于besides/as well as/in addition to；也可以表示“不包括”之意，相当于except/except for。 4．by means of用……办法；借助…… [教材P2]　Some of Canada's earliest settlers，who are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples，crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia. 加拿大最早期的一些移民被认为是土著民族的祖先，从现称作西伯利亚的地方经由大陆桥穿越白令海峡而来。 means n．手段，方法 by all means尽一切办法；当然可以 by no means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 注意：means是单复数同形的名词。当means作主语且有every，each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数；当means作主语且有some，several，few，many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 (1)The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. 生活质量提高了，看电影被看作是一种很好的娱乐方式。 (2)Thoughts can be expressed by means of music. 思想可以借助音乐来表达。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①No matter what happens，by no means will I give up. 无论发生什么，我绝不会放弃。 ②—May I use your new computer? —By all means． ——我可以使用一下你的新电脑吗？ ——完全可以。 [名师指津]　a way to do sth./a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth.做某事的方法 in this way/with this method/by this means用这种方法 5．in turn 依次；轮流；转而；相应地 [教材P3]　This ethnic variety, in turn，brings about cultural diversity. 种族多元化相应地导致文化多元化。 (1)in one's turn轮到某人；接着 by turns　轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 (2)turn in 上交；上缴 turn over反复考虑；翻身；翻转；移交 turn down 关小；调低；拒绝 turn out生产；制造；培养出；结果是……；证明是…… It turns/turned out that...结果是…… (1)I think it's my turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这星期轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。 (2)They had to take turns to look after the patients. 他们不得不轮流照看病人。 (3)The patients went in turn to be examined by the doctor. 病人们依次接受医生的检查。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The groups are requested to take turns(turn) to present their works. ②The change of the climate makes the earth warmer.In turn，the warmth of the earth changes the climate，too. ③I decided to divide this class into three groups to give them lessons by turns. 完成句子 ④It is my turn to clean(轮到我打扫) the classroom this week. 6．minority n．少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人 [教材P3]　The major ethnic groups，for example，include the English，Scottish and French, while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands. 例如，主要的族群包括英格兰人、苏格兰人和法国人，而少数族裔包括来自新加坡和太平洋岛屿的居民。 (1)majority n．大多数；大部分 a/the majority of...大多数…… in the/a majority 占多数 (2)major　n．& v．专业；主修 adj.主要的 major in 主修……；以……为专业 (3)in the/a minority 占少数 (1)In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority. 女性在护理行业中占大多数。 (2)People who can speak English are in the/a minority in this country. 在这个国家中能讲英语的人占少数。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority. ②The majority of the land has been destroyed(destroy) so far. ③Some of the plays told sad stories，but the majority of the plays were(be) really funny. [名师指津]　the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。 7．come as no surprise不足为奇，毫不奇怪 [教材P3]　Given these cultural differences，it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002. 鉴于这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年以来就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。 come up走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起 come up with 想出；提出 come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 come to 总计；达到 when it comes to...当谈到…… If you've been through it，this will probably come as no surprise. 如果你已经经历了，你可能不会感到惊讶。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①At one level this should come as no surprise. ②As soon as the project came up at the meeting，it attracted many people's attention. ③Specialists can come up with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution. ④When it comes to the season I like best，spring will always occur to me in no time. 8．[教材P3]　Given these cultural differences，it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002. 鉴于这些文化差异，加拿大自2002年以来就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。 本句中的given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”；given后还可接that从句，表示“考虑到……；倘若，假设……”。 (1)Given that he supports us，we'll win the election. 如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。 (2)Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。 [即学即用]　完成句子/句式转换 Given her interest in children，I am sure teaching is the right career for her. →Given that she is interested in children，I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 [名师指津]　given 还可作形容词，意为“规定的，特定的”。 他们定了个特定时间和地点见面。 They were to meet at a given time and place. [思维发散]　表示“鉴于；考虑到”用法的词还有：seeing(that)由于，鉴于；considering (that)考虑到等。 1．Employers should hire men and women without distinction(distinct). 2．Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various(variety). 3．Should anyone call，please tell them I'll be back soon. 4．Every means has(have) been tried，but none of them works. 5．You can't all do it together；you'll have to take turns (turn). 6．These research findings should come as no surprise to therapists，however. 7．It attracts thousands of people coming to see the wonders of nature. 8．There were a wide range of paintings，such as landscapes，portraits and watercolours. 9．She didn't want to go to the party，so she made up an excuse. 10．The man unfolded(fold) the paper and glanced at it，but his thoughts were evidently elsewhere. 1．Here we go.Everybody dances to the music． 让我们开始吧，每一个人跟着音乐跳舞。 2．You must come and see our new house when we've settled in． 等我们迁入新居，你一定要来看看我们的新房子。 3．The tall building in the distance is home to my father's company． 远处那栋高楼是我爸爸的公司的所在地。 4．The garden offers a variety of/various attractions． 这个花园有各种各样的景点。 5．On the contrary，unhealthy friendship may bring about bad things． 相反，不健康的友谊可能会造成不好的结果。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$