单元限时训练(3) A卷（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

单元限时训练(三)　A卷 [对应学生用书P168] (限时40分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A We know more about the surface of the planet Mars than we know about what is at the bottom of Earth's oceans.Until recently，scientists had mapped only about 20 percent of the sea floor.But our knowledge of the deep seas is changing because of information from satellites.Scientists have produced a new map that provides a detailed picture of the oceans. The new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ago.David Sandwell is a geophysics professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California.He and other scientists worked on the mapping project.He says they turned to space to look deeper into the ocean. “The way we're doing that is to use a satellite altimeter (测高仪)，a radar to map the topography (地形) of the ocean surface.That is because the ocean surface topography is different because of gravitational (引力的) effects.” The scientists collected and studied information from two satellites.One was the European Space Agency's Cryo­2 satellite that was placed in Earth's orbit to watch sea ice.The other satellite is the American space agency's Jason­1，studying the surface of the oceans.Scientists combined the satellite data with images gathered by equipment on ships.The equipment works by sending sound waves through the water.When the sound waves hit an object，its presence is confirmed. The new map shows the sea floor as it has never been seen before.It shows thousands of underwater mountains and places where continents pulled apart.It shows where earthquakes were active many years ago.In one place，three mountain ridges (山脊) join at the same area.“It's called the Indian Ocean Triple Junction.It's one of my favorite spots in the ocean.You have three plates—the African plate，and the Indo­Australian plate and the Antarctic plate—all connected at this one point in the center of the Indian Ocean，”says David Sandwell. The map is a powerful tool for those interested in protecting the environment and for oil exploration.It also can help ships travel safely and improve scientific projects worldwide.Of course，scientists will make many more discoveries as they examine the new map and the information it provides. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图，得益于卫星传来的信息，有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。 1．We can owe the success of the new mapping project to ． A．the details of the old map B．Europe's cooperation with America C．scientists' continual measuring work under the sea D．the application of radar and sound wave measuring equipment D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“The way we're doing that is to use a satellite altimeter，a radar to map the topography of the ocean surface.”和第四段的“The equipment works by sending sound waves through the water.When the sound waves hit an object，its presence is confirmed.”可知，我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。] 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．They hoped to use space technology to map the ocean floor. B．They wanted the satellite to produce the map. C．They had never explored the deeper ocean. D．They decided to search the outer space. A　[词句猜测题。根据下文David Sandwell教授说的“The way we're doing that is to use ...different because of gravitational effects.”可知，画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋，也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。] 3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A．The function of sound waves. B．The differences of two satellites. C．The difficulties of mapping the oceans. D．The process of mapping the ocean floor. D　[主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。] 4．The fifth paragraph is used to ．　 A．show the discovery through the new map B．prove the earthquakes were active under the ocean C．explain how the ocean floor developed D．introduce what the underwater mountains were like A　[推理判断题。根据第五段的“The new map shows the sea floor ...many years ago.”可知，本段被用来展示新地图的发现。] B What were you doing when you were nine years old？Making crafts from a Klutz book？Kicking around a soccer ball？Designing a business plan to deal with plastic pollution and relieve childhood poverty？Zymal Umar showed us the latter.The Pakistan's youngest businesswoman has started a project entitled Zee Bugs，which aims to reduce plastic pollution by providing an environmentally­friendly alternative to plastic grocery bags. When Zymal was on a shopping trip with her parents three years ago，she was shocked by the number of plastic bags on the streets.Depressed by the plastic pollution，she was reminded of the severe consequences our habits have on the environment.Then，she noticed a shopkeeper handing out newspaper bags.And at that moment，Zymal knew she had to act.Since then she has created beautiful，unique reusable newspaper bags for hundreds of customers. It's amazing to see this youngster using her brains and business skills for good.And she should certainly feel proud of the work she is doing.After all，plastic grocery bags are killing thousands of marine animals every year through their contribution to plastic waste.According to The Earth Institute，over one trillion plastic bags are used worldwide annually—that's about two million bags used per minute around the world. And those bags certainly don't disappear into thin air.Instead，they end up in our oceans，putting approximately 700 marine species in danger of extinction due to the threat from pollution.And plastic bags are just one of the many forms of plastic trash that ends up in the oceans—in fact，an astonishing 8.8 million tons of this material make their way from land to the oceans every single year. But with Zee Bags，we're all empowered to make more thoughtful choices about our trash production.And Zymal's amazingness doesn't stop there—the profits from her sales go towards helping poor children. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Zymal意识到塑料污染的严重后果后，为减少塑料污染对海洋生物的危害，创造了自己的环保袋的故事。她还把销售利润用于帮助贫困儿童。 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How Zymal felt about her shopping trip. B．How Zymal learned about plastic pollution. C．How Zymal was received by the shopkeeper. D．How Zymal was inspired to create her bags. D　[主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Depressed by the plastic pollution，she was reminded of the severe consequences our habits have on the environment.Then，she noticed a shopkeeper handing out newspaper bags.And at that moment，Zymal knew she had to act.”可知Zymal意识到塑料污染的严重后果，后来从一个店主在分发报纸袋中得到启发，创造了自己的环保袋。所以第二段主要讲述了Zymal是如何获得灵感创作她的环保袋的。] 6．Why are figures mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs? A．To praise Zymal for her great efforts. B．To urge readers to stop using plastics. C．To stress the seriousness of plastic pollution. D．To show the rich knowledge of the author. C　[推理判断题。第三段提到“According to The Earth Institute，over one trillion plastic bags are used worldwide annually—that's about two million bags used per minute around the world.”根据地球研究所的数据，全世界每年使用超过一万亿个塑料袋——也就是每分钟使用200万个塑料袋。第四段提到由于污染的威胁，大约700种海洋物种面临灭绝的危险。事实上，每年有惊人的880万吨这种物质从陆地进入海洋。这些数字强调了塑料污染的严重性，使我们了解了塑料污染对海洋生物的危害。] 7．What can we infer about Zymal from the last paragraph? A．She is amazing in every aspect of her life. B．She has concern for the disadvantaged. C．She urges everyone to be eco­friendly. D．She earns a lot of money from her business. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“And Zymal's amazingness doesn't stop there—the profits from her sales go towards helping poor children.”可知Zymal的销售利润用于帮助贫困儿童。这说明Zymal关心弱势群体。] 8．Which of the following best describes Zymal? A．Caring.　　　　　　 B．Determined. C．Confident. D．Selfless. A　[推理判断题。通过第二段的“she was reminded of the severe consequences our habits have on the environment”和Zymal为减少塑料污染对海洋生物的危害创造了自己的环保袋。最后一段Zymal把销售利润用于帮助贫困儿童。这些都说明Zymal关心他人，帮助他人。] Ⅱ.七选五 Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia，the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced. 1 Through these routes，Chinese silk，porcelain，lacquer work and ironware were shipped to the West，while pepper，flax，spices，grapes and pomegranates entered China. 2 They promoted flow of knowledge as well.Arab astronomy，calendar and medicine found their way to China，while China's four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world. 3 For example，Buddhism originated in India，blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia.Confucianism，which was born in China，gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire.Herein lies the appeal of mutual (相互的) learning. The ancient silk routes witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major routes，capital，technology and people flowed freely. 4 The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed，so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdoms.The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age.The ancient silk routes brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development. Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey.Yet today，these places are often associated with conflict，crisis and challenge. 5 Now，the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests.It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development，but also connect different civilizations.Mutual understanding，mutual respect，and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted. A．More importantly，ideas were also exchanged. B．The ancient silk routes were not only for trade. C．Goods，resources and benefits were widely shared. D．Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue. E．However，silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes. F．Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes. G．The Silk Road was never an actual road，or even a single massive trade route. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义，不仅有物资贸易，也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。 1．E　[根据后一句“通过这些路线，中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方，而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为： 然而，丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。] 2．B　[后一句as well 表示递进关系，not only与as well 相关联。选项B意为： 古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代the ancient silk routes。] 3．A　[空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Confucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下一句的话题，意为： 更重要的是，还交流了观点。] 4．C　[前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flowed freely)”和选项C中were widely shared 意思相关联。选项C意为： 商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。] 5．D　[空前一句“然而今天，这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中Such state of affairs 指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为： 这种状况不应继续下去。] Ⅲ.完形填空 One day，the sewer line (污水管道) under our house burst.My first 1 was to call the plumber (水管工).I expected the man to 2 of such a miserable job. 3 ，he simply asked，“The address？” An hour later，Steve arrived in his truck.I 4 anxiously as he walked down into the damp depths.A few moments later he 5 ，saying，“It's broken.” “Can you fix it？” I asked with a mixture of doubt and 6 ． Steve looked at me as if scolding me for my lack of 7 ， saying，“Sure.” Then he told me that he had to get a backhoe (挖土机) and 8 the street to the main sewer line and that it wouldn't be done until evening. I felt somewhat 9 upon driving off in my clean vehicle，leaving Steve to such a(n) 10 task.I went into town and visited a few friends. 11 ，around 6 p．m.，my curiosity got the better of me.I went home and saw a sweeter 12 ：the newly­paved street and a covered­up excavation across my front garden. I sat down，lost in 13 ．I was taken by the very idea that，sometimes terrible things might happen to an unlucky homeowner， 14 there is always somebody who is 15 in its solution. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的下水道污水管破裂，一位水管工费了很大的工夫帮作者修好了。他对工作一丝不苟，令作者感激不尽。 1．A.requirement　　　　　　　　 B．solution C．schedule D．response D　[作者家的下水道污水管破裂，作者的第一反应(response)就是打电话给水管工。] 2．A.inquire B．approve C．think D．complain D　[根据“such a miserable job”可推断，作者猜想此人会抱怨(complain)这项工作的麻烦。] 3．A.However B．Anyway C．Again D．Thus A　[根据句意可知，结果相反，此人爽快地答应了作者的请求并询问住址。] 4．A.shouted B．watched C．hesitated D．explained B　[此处指该水管工下下水道的时候，作者在一边焦急地看着(watched)。] 5．A.refused B．dropped C．nodded D．appeared D　[根据语境可知，该水管工出来(appeared)后告诉作者污水管已坏。] 6．A.hope B．anxiety C．happiness D．regret A　[根据作者的问题“Can you fix it？”和句中的“mixture”可推断，作者既怀疑又希望该水管工能胜任该工作，故选A项。] 7．A.wisdom B．strength C．faith D．courage C　[根据上文“a mixture of doubt”中的“doubt”可推断，该水管工似乎在责怪作者对他没信心(faith)。] 8．A.go along B．get through C．drive into D．tear up D　[根据“backhoe”和“the main sewer line”可知，问题比较棘手，需要用挖土机将主管道上的路挖开(tear up)。] 9．A.proud B．upset C．relaxed D．guilty D　[根据空后“upon driving off in my clean vehicle，leaving Steve to such a(n) 10 task”可知，作者有些内疚(guilty)。] 10．A.dangerous B．unpleasant C．urgent D．meaningless B　[根据上文“such a miserable job”可知，这不是一件好差事，故选B项。] 11．A.Instantly B．Thankfully C．Eventually D．Naturally C　[根据空前的内容可知，作者去镇上拜访了一些朋友，最后(Eventually)，到了下午6点，作者好奇水管修得怎么样了。] 12．A.situation B．phenomenon C．environment D．sight D　[根据“the newly­paved street and a covered­up excavation across my front garden”可推断，此处指作者所看到的情景。] 13．A.imagination B．memory C．thought D．consideration C　[根据空后“I was taken by the very idea that...”可知，此处指作者陷入了沉思(thought)。] 14．A.but B．so C．and D．for A　[根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，所以填but。] 15．A.interested B．fortunate C．successful D．experienced D　[尽管有时候房主们会遇到一些糟糕的事情，但总有一些有经验的(experienced)人会为你解决。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$