Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．wage n．工资 2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队 3．vigour(NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力 4．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 5．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 6．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 7．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群 8．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sank)沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没 9．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 10．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具 11．blanket n．毯子 12．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器) 13．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 14．navy n．海军；海军部队 15．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 16．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 17．good/bad­tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 18．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．adverse adj.不利的；有害的；反面的→adversity n．困境；逆境 2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→bitterly adv.严寒地；愤怒地；伤心地；极其地→bitterness n．苦味；愤怒 3．endure vt.忍耐；忍受→endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力 4．qualify v．使……有资格→qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) 5．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热烈地→enthusiasm n．热情 6．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．分派；布置；任务 7．envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的 8．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(某种情形)→belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 9．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→miserably adv.痛苦地；令人难受地 10．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私 11．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinely adv.真正地；真诚地→genuineness n．真诚 12．persevere vi.坚持；锲而不舍→perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 13．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 形容词加后缀­ness构成名词，后缀­ness表示处于形容词所形容的“性质”或“状态”。 selfish→selfishness　bitter→bitterness genuine→genuineness　aware→awareness Ⅲ.短语互译 1．拒绝(某人) _turn_sb.down 2．热衷于be_enthusiastic_about 3．出发；动身set_off 4．被困在……里become_stuck_in_... 5．被……挤坏get_crushed_by_... 6．go aboard the ship上船 7．throw away扔掉 8．to one's surprise让某人惊讶的是 9．keep one's spirits up使某人振作起来 10．from bad to worse每况愈下 11．make it成功；准时到达 12．feel low情绪低落 13．a sudden cold rush of air一股突如其来的冷空气 14．hold on坚持住 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：It happens/happened that ...碰巧…… 教材原句： ... Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 翻译：……嗯，一天早晨，我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了这则关于南极探险的广告。 2．句型：so ...that ...如此……以至于…… 教材原句：But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. 翻译：但我对与他们同行的想法满怀热情，于是偷偷登上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱柜里。 3．句型：too ...to ...太……而不能…… 教材原句：Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 翻译：我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1_320千米外的南乔治亚岛求援——这次航行太危险、太艰难了，无法让我们所有人都乘坐小船到达那里。 4．句型： as ...as ...和……一样…… 教材原句：How could I become as selfish and bad­tempered as Thomas Orde­Lees! 翻译：我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私且脾气暴躁！ 5．句型：without引导含蓄虚拟条件句 教材原句：Without Frank and Ernest，we'd all be dead by now. 翻译：如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都没命了。 Ⅰ.原文释译 ◆难词注解 ①expedition n．探险；远征；探险队 ②endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力 ③dream of梦想 ④be ready for ...为……做好准备 ⑤at the age of在……岁时 ⑥fit adj.适合的；健康的 be fit for ...适合…… ⑦full of vigour精力充沛 ⑧apply to do sth.申请做某事 ⑨turn sb.down拒绝(某人) qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) ⑪be enthusiastic about ...对……充满热情；热衷于…… ⑫go along with sb.与某人一起去/来 ⑬aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) ⑭hide(hid，hidden)v.藏；隐瞒；遮住 ⑮cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 ⑯set off出发；动身；使爆炸 ⑰turn back折回；返回 ⑱steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 ⑲envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 ⑳become/be stuck in陷入；被……困住；被……卡住 approach v．靠近；接近n.方式；方法；接近 freeze(froze，frozen)v.冰冻；冻结；结冰 freezing point冰点 freezing cold极冷的 get crushed被挤坏 sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降vt. 使下沉；使沉没 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 stove n．炉具；厨房灶具 blanket n．毯子 This is no time to do sth.现在不是做某事的时候。 belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 throw away扔掉；丢弃 to one's surprise使某人惊讶的是 banjo n．班卓琴(乐器) keep one's spirits up使某人振作起来 go from bad to worse情况越来越糟；每况愈下 miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 make it准时到达；成功 navy n．海军；海军部队 feel low情绪低落 decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的 hold on挺住；坚持住；(打电话时用语)别挂断，等一下 hold on to紧紧抓住；保住 turn into (使)变成 selfish adj.自私的 bad­tempered adj.脾气坏的 genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 MEN WANTED for a dangerous journey: small wages，bitter cold，long months of complete darkness，constant danger，and safe return uncertain.Honour and reward will follow if it is successful. Ernest Shackleton A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Perce Blackborow joined an expedition① with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance② in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and ❶it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions．❷Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. ❶it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 ❷这是一个完全倒装句，句子的主语是some of Blackborow's diary entries。表方位的副词或介词短语位于句首，句子要用完全倒装形式。 31 Oct 1914 ...Well，❸it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition． An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure ❹that I have been dreaming of③.And I was ready for④ it.At the age of⑤ 19，I am fit⑥ and full of vigour⑦.However，❺when I applied to⑧ join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down⑨ because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified⑩.❻But I was so enthusiastic about⑪ the idea of going along with⑫ them that I secretly went aboard⑬ his ship，the Endurance，and hid⑭ in a small cupboard⑮.Unfortunately，three days after we set off⑯ I was discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back⑰ so he offered me a job，but only after he promised me，“If anyone has to be eaten，then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward⑱，and I now serve meals for twenty­eight men，three times a day. ❸it so happened that意为“碰巧”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。 ❹that引导定语从句，此处that可以换成which或省略关系词。 ❺句中when引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句。 ❻句中包含“so ...that ...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。 ❼How everyone will envy⑲me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! ❼这是一个How引导的感叹句，句中when引导时间状语从句，I have been to是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句。 21 Nov 1915 The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in⑳ the ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushedby the ice.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.This was no time to panic.We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to our surprise， he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive，but spring is coming，and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May 1916 We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon ❽after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was ❾too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats．If Shackleton fails，will we have any hope of rescue? No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island，and no one else knows that we are here. ❽after引导时间状语从句。 ❾句中包含“too ...to ...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”。 I feel low.It's cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise，there is no food.I try to think of happier things: decent food，warm and dry clothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days，and my mother's face ...However，these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. I shouted，“Shut the door！” “Hold on now，Perce.Don't you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply.“We've caught another penguin，so it's penguin soup tonight！” Bless Frank Wild，the kindest man there is after our leader，Ernest Shackleton.How could I become as selfish and bad­tempered as Thomas Orde­Lees! 　　在该感叹句中含有一个“as ...as ...”的同级比较句型。 Without Frank and Ernest，we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope. 　　without引导含蓄虚拟条件句，译为“假如没有……”，主句用虚拟语气。与现在或将来的事实相反时，主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋do”；与过去的事实相反时，主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋have done”。 Perhaps there is a chance we will return home，after all. 参考译文 人员招募 这是一次危险之旅：薪水微薄，气候严寒，数月不见天日，危险无处不在，无法确保安全归来。如果成功，荣耀和回报将随之而来。 欧内斯特·沙克尔顿 一次成功的失败 1914年，珀西·布莱克博罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险活动。沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，成为他的探险队的一员被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。 1914年10月31日 ……嗯，一天早晨，我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了这则关于南极探险的广告。 跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我已经准备好了。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，没有资格。但我对与他们同行的想法满怀热情，于是偷偷登上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他警告我说：“如果有人必须被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他安排我担任服务员，现在我为28名船员提供一日三餐。 当我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇的地方时，他们会多么羡慕我啊！ 1915年11月21日 这次旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰在我们的四周冻住，我们彻底被困住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉的时候，我们的心也跟着沉了下去。 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救我们最重要的物资——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。现在还不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。 现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会开始融化。 1916年5月20日 我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1 320千米外的南乔治亚岛求援——这次航行太危险、太艰难了，无法让我们所有人都乘坐小船到达那里。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。 我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。这座岛上没有任何植物。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有我妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。 我吼道：“把门关上！” “坚持住，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆，”有人答道。“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！” 上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私且脾气暴躁！ 如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们现在都没命了。他们对他人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念让我充满希望。 毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The passage is mainly about the_author_boarding_the_Endurance_and_the_difficulties_ the_crew_experienced_during_the_Antarctic_expedition． ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．Why was the author turned down by Shackleton？(　　) A.Because he was not well prepared. B.Because he was not fit enough. C.Because he was not full of vigour. D.Because he wasn't old enough and qualified. 2．How did Blackborow feel when Shackleton approved of his staying on the ship？(　　) A.Disappointed.　　　　　 B．Amazed. C.Proud. D．Energetic. 3．How did Shackleton feel when they had to abandon the ship？(　　) A.He became worried. B．He remained calm. C.He felt frightened. D．He grew anxious. 4．What do you think of Shackleton？(　　) A.He is adventurous and responsible. B.He is generous and helpful. C.He is strict but warm­hearted. D.He is courageous but careless. 答案：1～4 DCBA ►课文语法填空 Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. It so happened 1.that one morning I read the 2.advertisement (advertise) about the Antarctic expedition.At first，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't 3.qualified (qualify).But I secretly hid in a small cupboard.Unfortunately，three days after we set off I 4.was_discovered (discover).So he had to offer me a job.He assigned me to be 5.a steward. The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice and the 6.crushed (crush) ship sank.Shackleton 7.calmly (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies.We were not allowed 8.to_take (take) most of our personal belongings. We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help.I feel low，so I try 9.to_think (think) of happier things.Without Frank and Ernest，we'd all be dead by now.Their genuine concern 10.for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope. Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．low ①I feel low.情绪低落的 ②(2022·浙江1月卷改编)A total of 59 were of low fitness category，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.低于通常(或平均)数量(或水平、价值)的 2．rush ①However，these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.冲；猛烈移动 ②(2022·全国甲卷改编)Shirley Fitzgerald，the city's official historian，told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings.匆忙 3．after ①Bless Frank Wild，the kindest man there is after our leader，Ernest Shackleton.(按顺序、重要性)在……后面，仅次于 ②He walked out，and Louise went after him.跟随；追赶；在后面…… Ⅳ.教材续写积累 1．心理描写——to one's ＋表示情感的名词 But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. [仿写]完成句子 使我们高兴的是，妈妈同意了我们暑假去露营的想法。 To_our_delight，Mom agreed to our idea of going camping during the summer vacation. 2．环境描写——比较级描述瞬息变化 We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. [仿写]完成句子 我说服自己，只要我休息一下，明天的情况就会好起来。 I convinced myself that if only I just got some rest，things would_be_better_tomorrow． 1 turn sb.down拒绝(某人) However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. 然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，没有资格。 [要点突破] turn around转身 turn on打开 turn off关闭 turn in上交；交还 turn to转向；求助于 turn up发现；露面；调高(声音) turn out (to be) 结果是；证明是 [写作佳句] My application to be a volunteer was turned down，which disappointed me. 我做志愿者的申请被拒绝了，这让我很失望。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. ②I turned around，looking for help，but I seemed to be completely alone in the water. ③What if this dinner turned out to_be(be) nothing more than a meeting between two boring businesswomen? ④那天晚上，当菲奥娜含着泪回到家时，她向母亲求助。 When she got home with tears in her eyes that night，Fiona turned_to_her_mother_for_help． ⑤似乎过了好久，我终于出现在等待的朋友们面前。 After what seemed like forever，I finally turned_up_before_the_waiting_friends． 2 qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. 然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，没有资格。 [要点突破] ①be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事 be qualified for ...有……的资格；胜任…… a qualified accountant/teacher取得执业资格的会计师/教师 ②qualify v．使合格；使具备资格；(使)有权 qualify for ...有……资格；有权…… ③qualification n．[C]资格；学历 have (no) qualifications to do sth.(没)有资格做某事 [写作佳句] I feel this job quite appealing to me and I'm well qualified for it. 我觉得这份工作对我很有吸引力，我也完全能胜任这份工作。 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写 ①(2021·新高考 Ⅱ 卷)Come and work out with our qualified(qualify) personal trainer，Jodie McGregor，on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate. ②We are delighted to tell you that you are so qualified to_be(be) a teacher here. ③I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the English Association of our school，thinking that I'm well qualified for it. ④He wanted to do an experiment to find out who had the qualification(qualify) for his help. ⑤Having engaged in many volunteer activities in the community，I think I have the right qualification for the job. →Having engaged in many volunteer activities in the community，I think I__am_quite_qualified__for_the_job．(qualified) 3 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. 但我对与他们同行的想法满怀热情，于是偷偷登上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱柜里。 [要点突破] ①be enthusiastic about对……充满热情；热衷于…… be enthusiastic to do sth.热衷于做某事 ②enthusiasm n．热情；热心 ③enthusiastically adv.热心地；热衷地 [写作佳句] To get sincere friendship，we'd better make friends with those who are not only honest and kind but also enthusiastic and responsible. 要得到真诚的友谊，我们最好和那些不仅诚实善良而且有热心和责任心的人交朋友。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2020·全国 Ⅱ 卷)I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. ②Her enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for life made us feel better. ③She was even more enthusiastic about going to Naning. ④我很高兴得知你热衷于学习汉语，所以我写信向你推荐《新华字典》。 I am very glad to know that you_are_enthusiastic_to_learn_Chinese，so I am writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary to you. 4 aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等) But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. 但我对与他们同行的想法满怀热情，于是偷偷登上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱柜里。 [要点突破] ①aboard the plane/ship/bus/train在飞机/船/公共汽车/火车上 go/get aboard the plane/ship/bus/train登机/上船/公共汽车/火车 go aboard＝go on board上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等) ②board n．布告栏；董事会；木板 v．上(船、公共汽车、飞机、火车等) on board 在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车)上 [写作佳句] In order to motivate youngsters' enthusiasm for science，the crew aboard China's space station delivered a live science lecture. 为了激发年轻人对科学的热情，中国空间站的工作人员进行了一场现场科学讲座。 aboard/abroad/board/broad 词汇 意义 aboard prep.& adj.上(船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等) abroad adv.在国外；到国外 board vi. & vt.上(船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等) vi.寄宿n.布告栏；木板；膳食；董事会 broad adj.广阔的；宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①What time shall we go on board? ②我们陪她走到港口，然后把她送上船。 We walked her to the port and put her aboard_the_ship． ③汤姆兴奋地上了火车，舒舒服服地坐在他的座位上。 Excitedly，Tom boarded/went_aboard/went_on_board_the_train and was comfortably settled in his seat. 5 assign vt.分派；布置；分配 He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty­eight men，three times a day. 他安排我担任服务员，现在我为28名船员提供一日三餐。 [要点突破] ①assign sb.sth.＝assign sth.to sb.分配/布置给某人某物 assign sb.as sth.指派某人担任某一职务 assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 ②assignment n．(分配的)工作，任务；(工作等的)指派，分配 [写作佳句] In this activity，each student must read one English story assigned by the school，after which they should retell the story and exchange their impressions of the story after reading. 在这个活动中，每个学生必须阅读一个学校布置的英语故事，然后他们要复述故事，并交流阅读后他们对故事的印象。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(assignment) during the course. ②I have got to finish all the assigned(assign)homework and do some reading as well. ③My teacher assigned me to_write(write) an essay about plant photosynthesis. ④汤姆几天前被任命为班长。 Tom was_assigned_as_the_monitor several days ago. ⑤The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task. →The teacher has_assigned_a_holiday_task_to_each_of_us． 6 envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 当我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇的地方时，他们会多么羡慕我啊！ [要点突破] ①envy sb.sth.妒忌/羡慕某人有某物 envy sb.doing sth.羡慕/妒忌某人做某事 ②with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地 out of envy出于羡慕/妒忌 ③envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 be envious of ...羡慕/妒忌…… [写作佳句] “You are always perform well in any sports activities，” she exclaimed，her eyes full of envy and admiration. “在任何体育活动中，你总是表现不俗。”她惊呼道，眼里充满了羡慕和钦佩。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He was green with envy when he saw my new car. ②Some girls are envious(envy) of Mary's slim figure very much. ③他是个平和的人，从不羡慕别人有钱有势。 He is a peaceful man and never__envies_others their wealth and power. ④格洛弗认为史密斯说他坏话，也许是出于嫉妒。 Glover thinks that Smith did him down，perhaps out_of_envy． 7 abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets. 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救我们最重要的物资——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。 [要点突破] ①abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to ...沉湎于……；陷入(某种感情) ②with abandon放纵地；放任地 ③abandoned adj.废弃的；被抛弃的；放纵的 [写作佳句] I truly understand what matters most in achieving a dream is to strive hard to make it come true no matter what challenges you are faced with instead of abandoning it easily. 我真正明白，实现梦想最重要的是不管你面临什么挑战都要努力让梦想成真，而不是轻易放弃。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①I've met many difficulties，but I don't abandon myself(me) to despair. ②She felt she was needed by her motherland and decided to_abandon(abandon) her chance of working abroad. ③By no means shall we abandon searching(search) for the missing people. ④人们尽情地跳着喊着。 People _jumped_and_shouted_with_abandon． ⑤Steven abandoned himself to the sorrow of losing his cat and just couldn't help crying. →Abandoning_himself_to_the_sorrow_of_losing_his_cat，Steven just couldn't help crying.(分词作状语) 8 belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. 我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。 [要点突破] ①belong vi.应在(某处)；适应(某种情形) belong to属于；是(俱乐部、组织等)的一员 ②a sense of belonging一种归属感 [写作佳句] When the plane landed，he hurriedly collected his belongings and got out of the plane. 飞机着陆后，他匆匆收拾行李下了飞机。 ①belong to中to为介词，后接名词或代词宾格，不接名词性物主代词(如mine、yours、his、hers等)。 ②belong to既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时。但可用belong to 的现在分词形式作后置定语。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym. ②Having sold most of his belongings (belonging)，he almost had nothing left in the house. ③In my opinion，you'd better put the book to which it belongs. ④“Please take away all the things in the room belonging(belong) to you，” he said. ⑤老虎是一种凶猛的大型猫科动物。 →A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that_belongs_to_the_cat_family．(定语从句) →A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging_to_the_cat_family．(分词作定语) 9 resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope. 他们对他人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念让我充满希望。 [要点突破] ①resolve to do ...决定/决心做…… resolve on (doing) sth.决定/决心(做)某事 resolve that ...决定/决心…… ②one's resolve to do sth.某人决定/决心做某事 strengthen one's resolve to do sth.坚定某人做某事的决心 ③resolved adj.下定决心的；坚决的 be resolved to do sth.坚决/决心做某事 ④resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心；决定 make a resolution to do ...决定/决心做…… [写作佳句] Many a time I would secretly resolve to finish the race well and live up to my father's expectations. 有很多次，我暗下决心要出色地完成比赛，不辜负父亲的期望。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2021·北京卷)Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved(resolve)，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. ②She was resolved to_allow(allow) them to take care of themselves and live independently. ③Once there was a clerk named Androcles，who was so badly treated by his manager that he resolved to_leave (leave) the company. ④Every year he made the same resolution (resolve)，but every year he failed to keep it. ⑤那天晚上，父亲的话坚定了我追逐梦想的决心。 That night，what my father said strengthened_my_resolve_to_chase_my_dream． 1 It happened/happens that ...碰巧…… ．..Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. ……嗯，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸，看到了这则关于南极探险的广告。 [情境探究] ①A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。 ②(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. 我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。 ③It happened that we met on a bus to the hospital. 我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。 [要点突破] ①sth.happens to sb.某人出了某事(常指不好的事) ②sb.happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事 “It happens/happened that ...”句型中that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.happen to do sth.”结构互换。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①(2021•新高考 Ⅰ 卷)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break，for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. ②He happened to_be_looking(look) through the medical book “Gray's Anatomy” at the time. ③What happened to them remains somewhat of a mystery. ④我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。 It_happened_that she was out when we called. ⑤Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day. →It_happened_that_Brian_and_Peter_were at home that day. 2 too ...to ...太……而不能…… Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1 320千米外的南乔治亚岛求援——这次航行太危险、太艰难了，无法让我们所有人都乘坐小船到达那里。 [情境探究] ①I am but too glad to do so. 我很高兴这样做。 ②He is too ready to help others. 他十分乐意帮助别人。 ③We are only too happy to live in China. 生活在中国，我们太幸福了。 ④He is too proud to see his own shortcomings. 他太傲慢了，看不到自己的缺点。 [要点突破] ①“too ...to ...”结构通常表示“太……而不能……”。但当too被only、but、all等词修饰时，“too ... to ...”结构表示肯定意义，意为“实在……；非常……；十分……”。 ②某些形容词与“too ...to ...”结构连用时，too (＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad、pleased、surprised、delighted、happy、willing、ready、eager、anxious等。 ③“too ...to ...”结构和never、not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论多么……也不过分；越……越好”。 “too ...to ...”结构表示否定意义时，可以用“not ...enough to ...”和“so ...that ...”句式改写。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to_leave (leave). ②得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖我很高兴，因此我写信向你表示衷心的祝贺。 I am only_too_glad_to_learn that you have won first prize in the contest，so I'm writing to convey my sincere congratulations. ③李华学习太专注了，以至于没有听到外面的嘈杂声。 →Li Hua was too_absorbed_in_his_study_to_hear the noise outside.(too ...to ...) →Li Hua was so_absorbed_in_his_study_that_he_didn't_hear the noise outside.(so ...that ...) 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