Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词不定式作表语 [观察] 1．Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 2．During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. 3．In this work，Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene ... 4．What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？” [探究] 以上句子中加黑部分是动词不定式(短语)在be动词后作表语，说明了主语的内容。 1．思考动词不定式作表语的其他含义和用法。 2．思考动词不定式和动词­ing形式作表语的区别。 一、动词不定式的形式 动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式；有主动和被动两种语态。否定式是将not放在不定式符号to之前。动词不定式的基本形式有： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing — 二、动词不定式作表语的用法 [感知] 1．The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 教育的目的是培养儿童良好的品格。 2．You must speak out，if we are to remain friends. 如果我们想继续做朋友的话，你就必须把话都说出来。 3．What am I to say if they ask me the question? 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ 4．They are to marry next week. 他们将在下周结婚。 [探究] 1．句1中动词不定式用于说明主语The_purpose_of_education的内容。 2．句2中动词不定式表示事态发展的预期结果。 3．句3中动词不定式用于第一人称I的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见。 4．句4中动词不定式表示按照安排即将发生的事情。 [归纳] 意义 动词不定式放在be、seem、remain、appear、get、prove、grow等系动词后作表语，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容 结构 系动词＋动词不定式 功能 1.表示主语的内容或特征 2．表示事态发展的预期结果及预言 3．用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见 4．表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等 [即练] 单句填空/写出句中动词不定式的表意功能 ①The first thing he did was to_find(find) shelter from the freezing wind and snow. ②(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to_have(have) a clean，attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits. ③(2023·全国甲卷) And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to_practice(practice). ④You are to have a face­to­face talk with them.表劝告 ⑤Children are not to smoke.表禁止 ⑥I am to set out for China next week.表安排 三、动词不定式作表语的两种特殊用法 [感知] 1．Many believe her blog is to blame. 许多人认为这与她的博客有很大干系。 2．All we have to do is push the button. 我们所要做的就是按下按钮。 [探究] 1．句1中动词不定式to blame在句中表示被动含义。 2．句2中主语部分含有动词do，作表语的动词不定式push the button省略了to。 [归纳] 1．动词不定式to let、to blame、to seek 等常用主动形式表示被动含义。 2．当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。 [即练] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Who is to_blame(blame) for the population decline of the tigers in that area? ②The reason for global warming is not far to_seek(seek). ③你需要做的就是比以前更健康地生活。 What you need to do is live_more_healthily_than_before． 四、动词不定式和动词­ing形式作表语的区别 [感知] 1．Our first assignment was to read two short stories. 我们的首要任务是阅读两篇短篇故事。 2．My work is teaching Chinese. 我的工作是教语文。 [探究] 1．句1中动词不定式to read指的是具体、将来的动作。 2．句2中动词­ing形式指的是一般行为。 [归纳] 1．一般情况下，动词不定式和动词­ing形式作表语区别不大，可通用。如： Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe. 2．当动词所表达的是某一特定行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用动词­ing形式作表语。 [即练] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The solution，of course，was to_plant(plant) trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. ②My work is cleaning(clean) the rooms every day. ③上周五，我们学校举办了一个美食节，庆祝即将到来的新年。 Our school held a food festival last Friday，which was to_celebrate_the_upcoming_new_year． 用所给动词的适当形式填空 Star Primary School's art studio，Room 26，is open to any child at playtime，lunchtime，or after school.On Fridays，if the children have completed all their schoolwork，they can spend the rest of day there.Artist Bob Smith and his assistant Joan Grant Gibb are the only adults 1.to_work(work) there.They are the children's employees. Room 26 is an independent business separate from the school，and has a committee of members all under the age of 12.For the committee，they need to think of some ways 2.to_make(make) ends meet.They take and sell school photographs.They also make cards 3.to_sell(sell).Another way of managing their finances is 4.to_raise(raise) more funds.Thus they can pay for art materials and employ professional artists. Instead of 5.teaching(teach) how to draw，the purpose of Room 26 is 6.to_offer(offer) a kind of creative education.In Room 26，students are encouraged 7.to_be(be) creative and responsible for themselves.They have the freedom 8.to_pursue(pursue) their own ideas and interests. [课时梯级训练(二)见P115] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$