课时梯级训练(8) Section Ⅳ Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(八)　Section Ⅳ　Writing Ⅰ.阅读理解 Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution as they started 2013 with a goal of losing weight.However，setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake. To reach our goal of losing weight—the output，we need to control what we eat—the input.That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an actionable resolution：“I'll stop having dessert for lunch” or “I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well­specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. Recently a new science behind incentives(激励)，including in education，has been discussed.For example，researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books；while in others，the incentives were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on exam aside from general rules like “study harder”．Reading certain books on the other hand is a well­set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal，you will have a much higher chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending，a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café for example.This is a well­specified action­based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarly if you want to spend more time with your family don't stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run，these new goals could become a habit. 1．Why does the writer think that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake? A．It is hard to achieve for most Americans. B．It is dependent on too many things. C．It is focused too much on the result. D．It is based on actionable decisions. 2．Why did some students do better than the others in Roland Fryer's research? A．They obeyed all the general rules. B．They paid more attention to exams. C．They were motivated by their classmates. D．They were rewarded for reading some books. 3．According to the writer，which of the following statements is a good goal? A．“I'll study harder.” B．“I'll give up dessert.” C．“I'll cut down on my expense.” D．“I'll spend more time with my family.” 4．What should we do according to the writer? A．Develop good habits and focus on the outcome. B．Be optimistic about final goals and stick to them. C．Set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output. D．Pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。作者介绍了减肥不应只关注目标，而应控制输入，要注重过程。实验表明，当关注输入时，激励才发生作用。 1．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“To reach our goal of losing weight—the output，we need to control what we eat ...a bad way to construct goals.”可知，作者认为将减肥作为一个目标是错误的，因为它过于注重结果。故选C。 2．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“In some cases，he gave students incentives ...had no effect on output.”可知，Roland Fryer把input(阅读)和output(考试结果)作为两种激励变量，得到的结果是，输入性激励更有效。故选D。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据全文内容可知，作者认为比较具体可行的，注重过程的目标是好的目标；笼统宽泛，只注重结果的目标不是好目标。在四个选项中只有B项“我不吃甜食了”是具体的目标，其他都是笼统的目标。故选B。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to ...In the long run，these new goals could become a habit.”可知，作者建议选择切实可行的，可以转化为好习惯的具体行动。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Simply speaking，a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices.Some key activities 1.__________(encourage). Exercise is the ultimate way 2.__________(burn) your fat while improving your health and well­being.3.__________ you choose to go to the gym，run around the block，or climb a tree，the most important thing is to do something.The best part is that even if you aren't great 4.__________ it，doing something will give you a sense of success and increase your 5.__________(confident).There's really no excuse for not 6.__________(be) active.All you need is a pair of comfortable shoes and about 30 minutes a day. Eating healthy is also crucial for boosting your metabolism(新陈代谢)，building strong bones and teeth，and preventing heart disease and many cancers.It can be difficult to know what to eat，especially when you're throwing 7.__________(you) a party.This is why it's important to have 8.__________ healthy diet that consists of a variety of fresh produce，whole grains and low­fat dairy products.You should also limit your intake of sugary drinks，9.__________(process) foods，fats，salt，and sugary snacks. Make sure you have a regular time to relax and take care of yourself.You needn't change your previous habits at once.Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become 10.__________(healthy). 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为健康的生活方式就是找到正确的平衡并作出正确的选择。 1．are encouraged　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：鼓励开展一些关键活动。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为动宾关系，应使用被动语态；因句子表达的是一种客观情况，应使用一般现在时的被动语态；又因主语为复数，be动词应用are。故填are encouraged。 2．to burn　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：运动是燃烧脂肪的终极方式，同时改善你的健康、提升幸福感。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作定语，应使用非谓语动词，因空处表达的是一个尚未发生的不确定的动作，应使用动词不定式。故填to burn。 3．Whether　[解析]考查连词。句意：无论你选择去健身房、绕街区跑步，还是爬树，最重要的是做点什么。分析句子结构可知，这是一个包含让步状语从句的复合句。根据下文中的or可知，空处应使用whether，构成“whether ...or ...”结构，引导让步状语从句。故填Whether。 4．at　[解析]考查介词。句意：最棒的是，即使你不擅长一些事情，做它也会给你带来成功感，增强你的信心。分析句子结构可知，be great at为固定短语，意为“擅长”，与句意相符。故填at。 5．confidence　[解析]考查名词。句意见上题解析。根据空处前面的形容词性物主代词your可知，空处应填名词。故填confidence。 6．being　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：真的没有理由不运动。根据空处前面的介词for可知，空处应填动名词。故填being。 7．yourself　[解析]考查代词。句意：很难知道该吃什么，尤其是当你要为自己举办派对时。throw oneself a party为固定短语，意为“为某人自己举办派对”，与句意相符。故填yourself。 8．a　[解析]考查冠词。句意：这就是为什么健康饮食很重要，包括各种新鲜农产品、全谷物和低脂乳制品。此处泛指“一种健康饮食”，因此空处须填不定冠词，healthy以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 9．processed　[解析]考查形容词。句意：你还应该限制含糖饮料、加工食品、脂肪、盐和含糖零食的摄入。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作定语，应使用形容词。故填processed。 10．healthier　[解析]考查形容词的比较等级。句意：每天做一些小的改变，你的生活方式会变得更健康。分析句子结构可知，空处在句子中作表语，使用形容词。根据句意可知，句子表达的是将改变前和改变后的生活方式进行比较，应使用形容词的比较级。故填healthier。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，请给全班同学写一封信，倡议大家培养健康的生活习惯，改掉不良习惯。内容包括： 1．作息规律，均衡饮食，培养运动爱好； 2．乐观面对困难； 3．改掉不良习惯。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [参考范文] Dear classmates， I think healthy habits are very important to us，so it's a good idea to cultivate some good habits. First，we should get up and sleep early every day，which contributes to a better body.Then，we should keep in mind that balanced diets matter a lot.Besides，we need develop at least one hobby，such as running and playing ball games.In addition，when meeting difficulties in daily life，we are supposed to smile a lot and hold a positive attitude towards them.Last but not least，we should stay away from bad habits. I hope everyone can live a healthy life，work hard and be happy every day. Yours， Li Hua Ⅳ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Since I began introducing animals into my child psychotherapy(心理治疗) practice fifteen years ago，my life as a doctor has been full of wonders.Animals always help me in my work communicating with children in need. Diane，a dark­haired five­year­old，came to me with a problem.Although she was a chatterbox(话匣子) in the house and with her family，no one had ever heard Diane say a word outside her home environment.Not one word.Diane's parents tried to work with her to overcome her selective mutism(缄默症)，yet nothing they did seemed to make any impression on her.Diane refused to talk when she was outside her family circle. Diane's parents contacted me and I agreed to see her.It was a Friday afternoon.They were seated in the waiting room when my six­year­old dog，Puppy，and I walked out to greet them.Diane sat with her head down，making no move to look up or acknowledge our entrance. Puppy went straight towards Diane.Because Diane's head was bowed，Puppy was just three feet from Diane when the girl finally caught sight of her.Startled by the unexpected sight of a large golden dog，the girl's eyes became huge and then her mouth curved slowly into a smile.Puppy stopped directly in front of Diane and laid her head in the girl's lap. I introduced myself and Puppy，but Diane didn't respond.Instead，she began to silently pet Puppy's head，running her hands softly over Puppy's ears and nose.She was still obviously nervous at my office，but she was smiling and seemed to be enjoying her interaction with Puppy.I was speaking quietly with Diane's parents when an idea hit me. I spoke Puppy's name quietly and gave her a hand signal to come toward me and continue back into the inner office.Puppy immediately started walking toward me.As Puppy walked away，I watched Diane's face fall and her eyes take on a sad and disappointed look.I said，“Oh，I'm sorry.I didn't realize you wanted Puppy to stay with you.All you have to do for her to come back is say，‘Puppy，come.’” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： Diane's parents stared at me，their expressions skeptical._______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： I knew that I had to seize the moment.________________ _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Diane's parents stared at me，their expressions skeptical. For a few tense seconds，Diane sat debating what to do，her lower lip quivering.Then，in a soft voice，she called，“Puppy，come；please come，Puppy.” Her parents' gaze flew to their daughter and their jaws dropped in astonishment.I gave Puppy the signal to go and she whirled around and ran over to Diane who slid off her chair to the floor，and kneeling，hugged Puppy tightly around the neck.We watched，Diane's parents in tears，as Diane and Puppy snuggled happily together. Paragraph 2： I knew that I had to seize the moment.Sitting on the floor beside Puppy and Diane，I tried to engage Diane in conversation.Hoping to keep the miracle going，I asked her what she liked about Puppy.She hesitated momentarily and then replied，“She is soft and funny.” As we talked，Puppy sat leaning against Diane，the little girl's fingers laced through Puppy's fur.As the session drew to a close，Diane embraced Puppy again and said，“Good­bye.” Her voice was soft yet clear.I was deeply pleased as she had made a remarkable breakthrough.And it was all thanks to Puppy，who had worked her magic again. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$