课后提升练(13)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2019）

课后提升练(十三) Section Ⅲ　GRAMMAR Ⅰ.阅读理解 Standing in my office 25 years ago was an unknown young astronomer with a half­smile on her face.She had come with an impossible request that my team modify(修改) our thoroughly tested software to make one of our most important scientific instruments do something it had never been designed for and risk breaking it.All to carry out an experiment that was basically a waste of time and couldn't be done—to prove that a massive black hole lay at the center of our Milky Way. My initial “no way” gradually gave way in the face of her cheerful but firm determination.Andrea Ghez，one of three winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Physics，impressed me with her work on providing solid evidence of a supermassive black hole with the mass of four million suns living at the center of the Milly Way galaxy. That determination and the willingness to take calculated risks has always characterized Andrea.For 25 years she has focused almost completely on Sagittarius A—the name of our own local supermassive black hole.It is remarkable that an entire field of study has grown up in the quarter century，of searching for and finding evidence of these monsters thought to lie at the heart of every large galaxy. Andrea did her work at the W．M.Keck Observatory's(天文台) twin telescopes on Maunakea，Hawaii，in the calm and clear air almost 14，000 feet above the Pacific Ocean.She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared Camera(NIRC)，now gracing the lobby(大厅) at our headquarters. Andrea is fond of pointing out that one of the reasons for her success has been this tight and rapid loop(循环) between the needs of the astronomers and the engineers who responded to the challenge. This is my friend and longtime colleague，the one who refused to take “no” for an answer：Andrea Ghez，winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了安德烈娅·盖兹凭借自己的创造力和对科学的决心，通过不断地进行实验，最终获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的经历。 1．Which words best describe Andrea Ghez? A．Determined and creative. B．Confident and adaptable. C．Brave and kind. D．Cooperative and generous. A　解析：推理判断题。文章中提到安德烈娅提出了一些别人认为不可能的要求，并要求科学仪器做一些从未做过的事，由此可知，她是一个有创造性的人。文章还提到决心和冒险的意愿一直是安德烈娅的特点，由此可知，她是一个有决心的人。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “gracing” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Making more attractive. B．Bring honour to. C．Moving in a smooth way. D．Advancing the level. B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“She started using the very first instrument fixed on Keck Observatory's Near Infrared Camera(NIRC)”可知，凯克天文台近红外相机上安装的第一台仪器是安德烈娅·盖兹研究时使用的仪器，由此可知，当她获奖后，这台仪器为“我们”总部的大厅带来荣誉，“bring honour to”意为“给……带来荣誉”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B。 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The Noble Prize for physics. B．Friendship between colleagues. C．How Andrea won the Nobel. D．What makes Andrea different. C　解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了安德烈娅·盖兹凭借自己的创造力和对科学的决心，通过不断地进行实验，最终获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖的事情，选项C“How Andrea won the Nobel.(安德烈娅是如何获得诺贝尔奖的。)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I stood beside the hospital bed where Russ, my husband lay pale and scared.He was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病) and was __1__ to stay in hospital at least a month. A month! We couldn't afford being in the hospital that long.We were tight __2__． “Go home and rest.Come back tomorrow，” Russ said, giving me a list of items to __3__ .Unwillingly, I left his room. The next morning, I __4__ the car with everything needed for our hospital stay and __5__ to school to see my students.Because we live in a small community, they would have heard about my husband's diagnosis (诊断). When I __6__ my classroom, the chatter stopped.__7__ on the platform, I found a(n) __8__ with “Mrs Sargent” written on the front. “What is this？” I asked.The __9__ smiled as I opened the card and coins and dollar bills fell out—fives, tens, twenties.My throat tightened with __10__ .“I can't take this，” I said.But their __11__ faces gave me no choice.There was __12__ in their eyes. As the adult in the room, I felt __13__ for accepting cash from teenagers, but I could not refuse it.More important than the envelope in my hand was the __14__ in their hearts and the lesson they had taught themselves: How wonderful it feels to meet someone's need and to make a difference.I prayed this wasn't a lesson for the day but for their __15__ . 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一位教师，她的丈夫被诊断出患有白血病需要住院，她的学生积极为其捐款的动人故事。 1．A.requested B．lectured C．challenged D．rewarded A　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被诊断出患有白血病，并被要求住院至少一个月。根据前文“He was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病)”可知，因为被诊断患有白血病，所以被要求住院。故选A项。 2．A.confidently B．mentally C．physically D．financially D　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们经济拮据。根据前文“A month! We couldn't afford being in the hospital that long.”并结合下文学生捐款的行为可知，他们不能在医院治疗那么长时间，应该是经济上有困难。故选D项。 3．A.show off B．bring back C．do up D．hand over B　解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Russ说着回家休息，明天再来，给了我一张要带回来的物品清单。根据常识和前文“Go home and rest.Come back tomorrow”可知，他们先回家，第二天来住院，交给作者的应该是住院时需要带回的物品清单。故选B项。 4．A.rented B．handled C．packed D．parked C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我把住院所需的一切都装上车，直奔学校去看望我的学生。根据后文“the car with everything needed for our hospital stay”可知，作者把住院所需的一切都装上车。故选C项。 5．A.headed B．cycled C．paced D．dived A　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。根据后文“to school to see my students”可知，作者装好需要的东西后先去了自己工作的学校。故选A项。 6．A.swept B．entered C．decorated D．left B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走进教室时，闲聊停止了。根据后文“my classroom, the chatter stopped”可知，作者走进教室，学生都不说话了。故选B项。 7．A.Acting B．Shouting C．Stepping D．Applauding C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：走上讲台，我发现了一个信封，信封正面写着“Sargent夫人”。根据语境和后文“on the platform”可知，作者走上讲台。故选C项。 8．A.essay B．drawer C．sheet D．envelope D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。根据后文“as I opened the card and coins and dollar bills fell out—fives, tens, twenties”以及最后一段中的“More important than the envelope in my hand”可知，那里放着装满钱币的信封。故选D项。 9．A.patients B．customers C．kids D．players C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打开信封卡时，孩子们笑了，硬币和钞票从里面掉了出来，有5美元的，10美元的，20美元的。根据前文“When I __6__ my classroom, the chatter stopped.”可知，在教室里，作者面对的是孩子们。故选C项。 10．A.emotion B．anger C．help D．joy A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我激动得喉咙发紧。根据语境和前文“My throat tightened”可知，作者看到学生这么热情的帮助，情绪特别激动。故选A项。 11．A.sad B．blank C．upset D．eager D　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们热切的表情让我别无选择。根据语境和后文“faces gave me no choice”可知，学生们热切的表情让作者不得不接受他们的帮助。故选D项。 12．A.doubt B．pride C．security D．scare B　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的眼中充满了自豪。根据前文“The __9__ smiled as I opened the card and coins and dollar bills fell out”和后文“in their eyes”可知，孩子们为自己能够帮助老师而感到自豪。故选B项。 13．A.guilty B．friendly C．logical D．exceptional A　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为房间里的成年人，我对接受青少年的现金感到内疚，但我无法拒绝。根据前文“As the adult in the room”和后文“for accepting cash from teenagers”可知，作为成年人的作者接受孩子们的现金感到内疚。故选A项。 14．A.envy B．kindness C．pain D．impatience B　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：比我手中的信封更重要的是他们心中的善良，以及他们教会自己的一课：满足别人的需要、做出改变的感觉是多么美妙。根据前文“The __9__ smiled as I opened the card and coins and dollar bills fell out”以及“More important than the envelope in my hand”等内容可知，作者认为比金钱更重要的是孩子们心中的善良。故选B项。 15．A.survival B．routine C．lifetime D．preference C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我祈祷这不是一天的教训，而是他们一生的教训。根据前文“I prayed this wasn't a lesson for the day”以及“but”的转折可知，这不是一天的教训而是一生的教训。lifetime与day相对，故选C项。 Ⅲ.七选五阅读 Why do more and more people show interest in cultural heritage(遗产) these days？1.______ Maybe it's because technology has made it easier to learn about our ancestors.Here's a list of several ways to connect you with your cultural heritage. If you aren't sure where your ancestors are from，a DNA test can be a good way.Companies like Family Tree DNA will sell you a testing box that teaches you what to do.2.______ There have been concerns about the safety—your DNA information may be sold to companies without asking you.If a DNA test isn't your cup of tea，you can try several other ways. One of the most enjoyable ways to learn about your family tree is sitting down with an older relative to chat about it.Talk in person with a grandparent，great­grandparent，or any other family member who's been around long enough to tell you about the past.3.______ 4．______ So one way to bridge the gap between your family's past and present is to cook a traditional meal.If your ancestors are from Italy，you can learn how to host an Italian dinner party.Invite some relatives to share your common heritage over a meal. Learning a language is a unique way to connect with your ancestors and culture.5.______ Once you've known the language of your ancestors，you may want to get in touch with your heritage by picking up the basics of that language. A．Food is part of your cultural heritage. B．This is a great way to learn about your ancestors. C．You generally get your test results within a few weeks. D．It can also let you meet new people and have more experiences. E．Food can help you feel like you're truly experiencing that culture. F．People are eager to learn as much about our ancestors as possible. G．Perhaps they want to have a sense of belonging in our globalized world. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的人对文化遗产感兴趣，列出了将自己与文化遗产联系起来的方法。 1．G　解析：上文“Why do more and more people show interest in cultural heritage these days？”提问为什么越来越多的人对文化遗产感兴趣，下文应介绍原因，G项“也许他们想在我们全球化的世界中有一种归属感。”介绍了人们感兴趣的原因，符合文意。故选G。 2．C　解析：上文“Companies like Family Tree DNA will sell you a testing box that teaches you what to do.”说明家谱DNA公司会卖给你测试盒并教你怎么操作，C项中“get your test results(得到你的测试结果)”是关键词，与上文是承接关系，C项“你通常会在几周内得到测试结果。”符合文意。故选C。 3．B　解析：上文“Talk in person with a grandparent，great­grandparent，or any other family member who's been around long enough to tell you about the past.”说明和年长的家庭成员交谈，他们会告诉你过去的事情，B项“这是了解祖先的好方法。”符合文意。故选B。 4．A　解析：下文“So one way to bridge the gap between your family's past and present is to cook a traditional meal.”说明做一顿传统的饭菜可以弥合过去和现在的差距，推测食物也是传统的一部分，A项“食物是你的文化遗产的一部分。”符合文意。故选A。 5．D　解析：上文“Learning a language is a unique way to connect with your ancestors and culture.”说明语言可以把祖先和文化联系起来，下文应继续介绍语言的作用，D项“它还可以让你结识新朋友，有更多经历。”符合文意。故选D。 Ⅳ.语法填空 Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells.The first mammal 1.__________(clone) successfully from an adult cell was the sheep Dolly.She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003，at a much younger age 2.__________ normal.When she was born，many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world.3.__________，in general the scientists were praised for 4.__________(they) wonderful scientific advance. Ian Wilmut，the Scottish scientist who created Dolly，is 5.__________(shock) that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.6.__________ he researches cloning，his intention has never been to create 7.__________(copy) of humans.Instead，he thinks research efforts should concentrate on 8.__________(create) new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.However，some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them 9.__________(show) no respect for human life. Even though human cloning is causing a lot of 10.__________(anxious)，it is good news for people who cannot have a baby. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克隆技术的发展情况。克隆技术尽管有争议，但在某些方面也带来了福音。 1．to be cloned　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：第一只成功用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是绵羊多莉。序数词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。名词mammal与clone之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式。故填to be cloned。 2．than　解析：考查介词。句意：她出生于1996年，2003年初去世，比普通绵羊的年龄小得多。根据句中比较级younger可知，用介词than。故填than。 3．However　解析：考查副词。句意：然而，总的来说，科学家们因他们惊人的科学进步而受到赞扬。前后句之间为转折关系，且有逗号，所以用副词however。故填However。 4．their　解析：考查代词。句意见上题解析。修饰名词advance，用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5．shocked　解析：考查形容词。句意：伊恩·威尔莫特，创造了多莉羊的苏格兰科学家，对一些科学家现在考虑克隆人类感到震惊。此处表示“对……感到震惊”，修饰人用­ed形容词。故填shocked。 6．Although　解析：考查状语从句的引导词。句意：虽然他研究克隆，但他的意图从来不是去创造人类的复制品。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用连词although引导让步状语从句。故填Although。 7．copies　解析：考查名词的数。句意见上题解析。名词copy为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。故填copies。 8．creating　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他认为研究工作应该集中在创造新的组织和器官上，这些组织和器官可以用来治疗癌症等疾病。concentrate on doing sth.“集中精力做某事”。故填creating。 9．shows　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，一些人认为克隆人类胚胎的目的是摧毁人类，这是不尊重人类的生命。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。从句中为动名词作主语，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 10．anxiety　解析：考查名词。句意：尽管克隆人类引起了很多焦虑，但这对不能生育的人来说是一个好消息。a lot of修饰名词。故填anxiety。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$