Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 2　SUCCESS Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课后课时作业（三） 6 课后课时作业（四） 7 课前预习自检 GETTING TO THE TOP 登上顶峰 Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? 为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？ As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much. 作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过了生日聚会，破坏了家庭假期，也没有晚上出去玩，但我有很充分的理由放弃这么多。 课前预习自检 “We're worried about you，” said my friend from across the table. “我们很担心你，”坐在桌子对面的朋友说。 He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with. 他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。 I could have become angry or defensive. 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 课前预习自检 Don't they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport? 难道他们不知道要在体育运动中名列前茅有多难吗？ Don't they know what it takes to get there? 难道他们不知道到达那里需要付出什么吗？ However, deep down I knew elements of what he was saying were right. 然而，在内心深处，我知道他所说的部分是正确的。 课前预习自检 I was always tired and every workout had a mental intensity that seemed too much for most to handle. 我总是很累，每次锻炼的精神强度对大多数人来说都难以应对。 I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy. 我超越了大多数人认为的健康范围和极限。 课前预习自检 ①_____ vt. 毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏 ②________ vt. 不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 ③__________ adj. 戒备的,自卫的 ④________ n. 基本部分；要素 ⑤________ n. 训练,锻炼 ⑥________ n. 强度；强烈 ⑦________ n. 极端 ruin skip defensive element workout intensity extreme 课前预习自检 These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day­to­day basis. 这些是我作为一名职业运动员每天要面对的恐惧。 Who am I doing this for? 我这样做是为了谁？ How much is too much? 多少才算太多？ Why am I doing this? 我为什么要这样做？ How can I be so selfish? 我怎么能这么自私？ What are the sacrifices for? 牺牲是为了什么？ 课前预习自检 •I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in, almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no­go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes. 我回想起我错过的无数个生日聚会和夜晚，回想起因为无休止地寻找游泳池来训练，破坏了一次去法国的家庭度假，回想起忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，差点错过了哥哥的婚礼，回想起为了和当地的铁人三项运动员组队骑行，我开车闯入了“禁行”区。 The list is endless. 这样的例子数不胜数。 课前预习自检 ⑧________ adj. 自私的,自私自利的 ⑨________ n. 牺牲 ⑩__________ adj. 无数的,数不尽的 ⑪________ vt. 租用 ⑫__________ n. 铁人三项运动员 ⑬“主(I)谓(think of)宾(countless ... triathletes)”。ruining ... train in, almost missing ... Johannesburg和driving ... triathletes都是动名词短语作________,其中because引导__________从句,in order to ... triathletes是不定式短语作__________。 selfish sacrifice countless hire triathlete 宾语 原因状语 目的状语 课前预习自检 It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. 归根结底，我天生就有巨大的动力和决心。 From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play； 从(我还是)一个小女孩起，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来(学习)，而不是出去玩； I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games； 在十岁的时候我会自己坐上公交车，游100个泳池的长度，而其他孩子在游泳池里嬉戏； 课前预习自检 I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. 在一个有250名男孩的橄榄球俱乐部里，我是唯一的女孩。 I have always lived my life to extremes. 生活中我一向把事情做到极致。 •Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 课前预习自检 ⑭______ vi.& vt. (使)沸腾,煮沸 ⑮__________________ 归结为；要点是 ⑯__________ adj. 巨大的,庞大的 ⑰__________ 待在家里 ⑱________ n. 长度 ⑲________ n. (英式)橄榄球 ⑳_____________________ 努力；专心致志于某事 21“分句(Call it ... want)＋but＋分句(that is ... to)”。本句是but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句的结构是________(主句)＋条件状语从句；第二个分句中,no matter ... to是no matter what引导的___________从句。 boil boil down to sth enormous stay in length rugby apply oneself to sth 祈使句 让步状语 课前预习自检 Being a professional athlete is no different. 成为一名职业运动员也不例外。 •If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors. 如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。 Can this be overdone? 这是不是有点过了？ Absolutely. 当然。 课前预习自检 But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform, you had better be totally committed to your sport. 但如果你的梦想是成为最出色的(运动员)并到达冠军的平台，你最好完全致力于你的运动。 In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured, “I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.” 用英国铁人三项运动员阿里斯泰尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我也宁愿有三或四年的杰出成绩，而不是十年的平庸。” 课前预习自检 •Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. 作为运动员，我们所做的让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意多付出那额外的一点，这一点可能会引领我们到达顶峰。 It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness. 这当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，当然也不寻常，但这些词一般不用于那些追求伟大的人。 课前预习自检 22________ adj.& adv. 分开；散开 23________________ 使与众不同 24________ n. 舞台；月台 25________ adj. 受伤的 26___________ adj. 杰出的,优秀的 27________ adj. 平庸的,普通的　n. 平均水平；平均数 28________ adj. 正常的,平常的 apart set sb/sth apart platform injured outstanding average normal 课前预习自检 29“条件状语从句(If ... champion)＋主句(it's ... competitors)”。you have ... preparation是省略了________的定语从句,修饰thing。 30“主句(Doing ... apart)＋原因状语从句(because we ... top)”。主句的结构是“主(Doing ... athletes)谓(sets)宾(us)宾补(apart),从句中的that might ... top是that引导的________从句,修饰bit。 that 定语 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 production n. 生产；产量(教材P108) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①Every year the production of works written by all writers will be expected to increase. 预计每年由所有作家所写的作品的产量都会增加。 ②The local produce sold in the shop is of high quality. 该商店销售的土特产质量高。 ③The product has filled a gap in the market. 这个产品填补了市场的空白。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：production/produce/product production 指生产的动作或产量(不可数名词)；也指生产的结果，特指诗歌、雕刻、绘画等文学艺术作品(可数名词) produce 农产品、天然产物或工业产品的总称，是不可数名词 product 指任何体力劳动或脑力劳动所产生的东西，一般多指工业品，也可指农产品，它的含义比 produce广，是可数名词 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①The prices of consumer ________ (product) are falling. ②We manage to get most of our fresh ________ (product) in that area. ③The __________ (product) of iron took three years to climb to 500，000 tons. products produce production 重点合作探究 2 reject vt. 拒绝接受(教材P109) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①If that is not what you want, reject them completely. 如果那不是你想要的，就完全地拒绝他们。 ②She rejected his offer of help. 她拒绝了他的帮助。 ③Your trouble is that you can't take rejection. 你的问题是不能接受拒绝。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：reject/refuse/object/deny reject 指因不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而抛弃，暗示无条件的拒绝 refuse 表示不愿接受、考虑或接纳某人或某物，暗示决心 object 指做出不赞成或不喜欢的表示 deny 表示拒绝承认某事物的存在、真实性或价值 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's obvious why his application ____________ (reject)． ②I have a good many things to fear, among which I fear ________ (reject) and loneliness most. (2)选词填空(deny/refuse/object/reject) ①He ________ the offer of the position. ②Martin ________ to discuss the matter. ③The general public ________ to the use of drugs. ④They all ________ ever having seen her. was rejected rejection rejected refused object denied 重点合作探究 3 motivating adj. 起激励作用的；激发(人)的(教材P109) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①This focus on testing served as one of the motivating factors for writing this paper. 这种对测试的关注是撰写本文的推动因素之一。 ②Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone. 从根本上讲，学习是一件个人自律的事情。学校没办法单方面激励学生。 ③How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently? 你是怎样激励大家努力、高效地工作的？ ④Appreciation education is a teaching method to inspire one's potential and motivation. 赏识教育是一种激发一个人潜力和动力的教育方法。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The new teacher tried to make his students __________ (motivate), but in vain. ②He admits that he lacks ___________ (motivate) and is always unwilling to learn voluntarily. ③We create happy work and happy life with the following methods: implementing a competitive and ___________ (motivate) compensation policy. motivated motivation motivating 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①利润分红计划旨在激励员工努力工作。 The profit­sharing plan is designed __________________________________． ②如果你有孩子，或者有跟孩子们相处的经历，你肯定知道，孩子们能被眼前的奖励所鼓舞。 If you have kids, or if you have ever worked with kids, you surely know that they can ____________________________________． to motivate the staff to work hard be motivated by immediate rewards 重点合作探究 4 limit vt. & n. 限制，限定(教材P109) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①In my opinion, we should limit our expense to what we can afford. 依我看，我们应将开支限制在我们能负担的范围内。 ②I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength. 我总是不得不超越身体极限地努力工作。 ③There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people. 人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。 ④His English was so limited that he couldn't even tell the foreign friend where he was from. 他的英语如此有限，以至于他甚至都不能告诉外国朋友他来自哪里。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Young children's attention is ________ (limit) and can't concentrate on one activity for very long. ②One should not push others ________ the limit of their endurance. ③A fairly special agreement was signed within the limit _____ law. ④Meanwhile, by reading children's literature, our imaginations can expand ________ limit. ⑤I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit _____ what I can do. limited beyond of without to 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①为了减肥，我限定自己每天摄入1，000卡的热量。 I've ________ myself ________ 1，000 calories a day to lose weight. ②我认为教育不应局限于教室。 I believe teaching should not __________________ classroom. ③欧盟对污染程度做了严格的限制。 The EU has __________________ levels of pollution. limited to be limited to set strict limits on/to 重点合作探究 5 convince vt. 说服；使确信(教材P109) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①How can I convince you of her honesty? 我怎样才能让你相信她的诚实呢？ ②I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 ③I managed to convince them that the story was true. 我设法使他们相信那故事是真的。 ④I am convinced that he has learned from his mistakes. 我确信他已经从错误中吸取了教训。 ⑤His sales pitch was smooth and convincing. 他的推销词流畅而有说服力。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He convinced me ________ his sincerity. ②He is very good at making up __________ (convince) excuses. ③Scientists are __________ (convince) of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. of convincing convinced 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①我没有办法让他明白他错了。 I couldn't ____________________ he was wrong. ②我们说服了他们坐火车去，不坐飞机。 We ____________________ by train rather than by plane. convince him that convinced them to go 重点合作探究 6 ruin vt. 毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①The terrible weather ruined my holiday. 糟糕的天气毁了我的假期。 ②It is true that drug abuse can ruin one's health. 滥用药物会损害健康是事实。 ③The city lay in ruins after the earthquake. 地震之后，这座城市成为一片废墟。 ④She wasn't going to let her plans go to ruin. 她不会让计划破产的。 重点合作探究 (1)ruin用作“废墟”讲时，要用复数。 (2)ruin表示“毁坏”时，常指天灾人祸导致的无法修复的毁坏，也可指希望、计划、愿望或理想的毁灭。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①If you're addicted to computer games, you ________ (ruin) yourself. ②He helped scientists to discover Maya Indian ________ (ruin) in Mexico. (2)单句表达 ①以前，这座寺庙是一片废墟，现在变成了休闲娱乐中心。 In the past the temple was ____________， but now it has turned into an entertainment center. ②政府的投资阻止了葡萄园的衰败。 The investment from the government stopped the vineyards from _____________． will ruin ruins in ruins falling in/into ruin 重点合作探究 7 defensive adj. 戒备的，自卫的(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 重点合作探究 ①The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids. 政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御突袭。 ②Some think that students should be trained to defend themselves from/against some attacks. 有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。 ③He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers in defence of him. 他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。 重点合作探究 ④Every mother should try her best to defend her children from being hurt. When the children were misunderstood, she should be in defence of them. In addition, she should teach the children to learn to defend themselves. 每个妈妈都应该尽自己最大努力保护她们的孩子免受伤害。当孩子被误解时，她该为他们辩护。而且，她应该教孩子学会自卫。 重点合作探究 和defend ... from/against用法类似的还有：prevent ... (from), stop ... (from), keep ... from, protect ... from/against, discourage ... from等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood ________ defence of their own homes. ②You have a right to defend __________ (you) if you are being attacked. ③The enemy has strengthened their __________ (defend) position. (2)句型转换 The woman rushed out to defend her daughter immediately. →The woman rushed out ________________ her daughter immediately. in yourself defensive in defence of 重点合作探究 8 sacrifice n. 牺牲(教材P36) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices. 几乎每个祖父母都想和他或她的孙辈在一起，并且愿意做出牺牲。 ②He saved the child at the sacrifice of his life. 他为救那个孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。 ③She sacrificed family for her career. 她为了事业牺牲了家庭。 ④Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth. 许多人认为他们只是不准备牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He sacrificed his promising career ________ (look) after his disabled daughter. ②In the competitive society, people are willing to sacrifice time ________ more jobs. ③She made ________ big sacrifice for her position today. (2)单句表达 牺牲健康来赚钱是不明智的。 It's unwise to make money ________________________ one's health. to look for a at the sacrifice of 重点合作探究 9 Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to. (教材P37) 你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。 剖析 but连接前后两个表转折意义的句子：前面句子中包含了if引导的条件状语从句；后面句子中，I roll是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。no matter what引导让步状语从句。 重点合作探究 ◎the way作先行词的定语从句 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。 ②You speak to her in the way (that/which) I don't like. 你用我不喜欢的方式和她说话。 重点合作探究 当the way在句中作状语时，引导词that并非关系代词，而是副词作方式状语，相当于in which。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I want to know the way _______________ he told you yesterday. ②I liked the way __________________ she organized the meeting. (2)单句表达 ①我们钦佩他面对困难的方式。 We admired him for the way ______________________________． ②华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 Wallace and Darwin ________________ in which different forms of life had begun. that/which/不填 that/in which/不填 (that/in which) he faced difficulties agreed on the way 重点合作探究 ◎no matter what引导让步状语从句 归纳 拓展 (1)no matter 意为“不管；无论”，后常接疑问词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how等，用以引导让步状语从句，该从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。 (2)由no matter what/who/where/when ... 引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。 (3)no matter whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后； no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。 重点合作探究 ①No matter which method you have been using, today you must do as I tell you. 不管你一直使用什么方法，今天你必须按我说的做。 ②Give me a call first no matter when you come. 无论你什么时候来，都请先给我打个电话。 ③No matter where you work, you can always find time to study. 不管在哪里工作，你都能找时间学习。 ④No matter whose bag it is, you should keep it until the owner returns. 不管这是谁的包，你都该保存到它的主人回来。 ⑤No matter how difficult the problem is, I'll work it out. 无论问题有多么难，我都要解决它。 重点合作探究 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词＋ever”互换。 (2)“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导名词性从句，不可以和“no matter＋疑问词”互换。 No matter who asks for her help, she is ready to help. ＝Whoever asks for her help, she is ready to help. 无论谁请她帮忙，她都乐意帮助。 Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。(这里不能用no matter who。) 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①You may invite __________ you like. ②He can't catch up with me no matter ________ fast he runs. ③No matter ________ happens, you should stay with me. whomever how what 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他无论在什么地方都快乐。 ________________________ he may be, he will be happy. ②无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。 ____________________________， you should follow the rules. ③星期六获胜的队将参加全国锦标赛。 ________________ wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. No matter where/Wherever No matter who/Whoever you are Whichever team 重点合作探究 10 apply oneself to sth 努力；专心致志于某事(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Students should apply themselves to their study. 学生应该专心致志地学习。 ②The questions on this part of the form only apply to students. 表格中的这部分问题只适用于学生。 ③Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. 后来我决定把以前的经历用于学习怎样读和写。 ④When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 重点合作探究 ⑤Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research. 行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。 ⑥There are more than 300 applications for the job in this company. In other words, more than 300 applicants have applied for the job. 这家公司的这一岗位有300多份申请。换句话说，超过300个申请人申请这个岗位。 重点合作探究 表示“适用于做某事”用 apply to doing sth；表示“申请做某事”用 apply to do sth。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I made up my mind to apply ________ a scholarship. ②After graduation from university, I'll apply what I have learned ________ everyday life. ③He is now applying ________ (he) to the study of traditional Chinese medical science. ④She plans to take a course in ________ (apply) linguistics. for to himself applied 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①这一规则并不适用于任何情况。 The rule can not __________________ every case. ②如果真的集中精力学习，你会通过考试的。 You will pass your exam if you really __________________ your study. ③所有申请该工作的人必须在下周一前递交申请表格。 All ________ who _______________ the job must hand in the ___________ form before next Monday. be applied to apply yourself to applicants have applied for application 重点合作探究 11 If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors. (教材P37) 如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。 剖析 本句是强调句型，强调句子的主语all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation; you have done in your preparation是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词that little extra thing。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It is Wei Fang who/that has broken the record. 是魏方打破了纪录。(强调主语) ②It was me that she helped yesterday. 昨天她帮助的人是我。(强调宾语) ③It was chairman of the meeting that we elected him. 我们选他做会议的主席。(强调宾补) ④It was at the age of 5 that he left his hometown for Beijing. 他是5岁时离开家乡去北京的。(强调状语) ⑤Was it in the office that he saw you just now? 他刚才见你的地方是在办公室吗？ ⑥When was it that you first went to the Great Wall? 你究竟什么时候第一次去长城的？ 重点合作探究 (1)强调句型中，对所有状语的强调一律用that，不能用其他的词。 (2)强调由not ... until/till引导的时间状语时，要否定前移，基本句型为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。 (3)对谓语动词的强调只用do/does/did＋动词原形，没有别的形式。 It was not until after liberation that he returned to his hometown. 他解放后才回到故乡。 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. 有些人的确认为，核能对世界和平构成威胁。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It was in this street ________ the car accident happened yesterday. ②________ (be) it yesterday that he met Li Ping? ③________ was it that you were born in that village? that Was When 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他经常去的地方是图书馆吗？ __________________________ he often goes to? ②你到那里后，务必给我来信。 ______________________ when you get there. ③他直到妻子回来才去睡觉。 ______________________ his wife came back that he went to bed. ④究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ ______________________ told you about it? Is it the library that Do write to me It was not until Who was it that 重点合作探究 12 apart adj.& adv. 分开；散开(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①This robot's job is to take apart bombs that may go off. 这个机器人的工作是拆除可能爆炸的炸弹。 ②Can you tell the twins apart from each other? 你能分清这对双胞胎吗？ ③He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town. 他的声音低沉，这使得他在我们这个小镇上与众不同。 重点合作探究 apart from 作“除……以外”讲时，既可以表示“包括”之意，相当于besides；也可以表示“不包括”之意，相当于except。 Apart from/Besides food and clothes, the people in the earthquake­hit area also need shelters. 除了食物和衣服，地震灾区的人们还需要避难所。 I like all sports apart from/except football. 除足球外，我喜欢所有的运动。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Apart ________ her beauty, she is smart and kind­hearted. ②Apart from ________ (clean) the yard and making up the beds for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them. from cleaning 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①除了最后一道题，我的作业全做完了。 I've finished my homework ________________ the last question. ②除了伦敦的房子，他们在西班牙还有一栋别墅。 __________________________ in London, they also have a villa in Spain. ③他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。 They are so alike, and it's difficult to ______________________． apart from/except Apart from/Besides the house tell them apart 重点合作探究 13 average adj. 平庸的，普通的　n. 平均水平；平均数(教材P37) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃. 温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。 ②Students spend an average of $200 a year on toys. 学生买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。 ③On average, I spend 2 hours reading every day. 平均来说，我每天花2小时读书。 ④Susie studies hard and her schoolwork is well above average. 苏西学习努力，功课远远超过平均水平。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average. ②________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries. ③An average ________ just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850. above On of 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 这辆汽车以平均每小时50千米的速度在行驶。 The car is running ______________________________ 50 kilometers an hour. at an average speed of 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Only by reasoning can we ________ (使信服) people completely. 2．She brought joy to ________ (无数的) people through her music. 3．It is an ________ (巨大的) challenge but we hope to meet it within a year or 18 months. 4．The efficiency is greatly raised, and the ________ (强度) of labor is decreased. 5．Like their children, parents are often ________ (自卫的) about their private lives. convince countless enormous intensity defensive 课堂效果检测(一) 84 6．In the current economic environment, it needs to produce something m________． 7．He used to be very shy, but now he's gone to the opposite e________． 8．You make friends with people and then make unreasonable demands so that they r________ you. 9．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite o__________ student. 10．He was one of the most i________ performers of modern jazz. otivating xtreme eject utstanding nfluential 课堂效果检测(一) 85 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．________ if you are the best high jumper, you can't jump more than three metres high. 2．It was after ten o'clock ________ he came back. 3．He did not regret saying ________ he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 4．No matter ________ his business took him, he always managed to be home for the Spring Festival. 5．________ (devote) to his work, the dean cared little about himself. Even that what where Devoted 课堂效果检测(一) 86 6．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 7．It is stability ________ destroys people's ambition and barricades people's steps. 8．We finally managed to make the customers ________ (convince) of the quality of the vehicle. 9．He was determined to build a new life out of the ________ (ruin) of his career. 10．________ (know) basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. what that convinced ruins Knowing 课堂效果检测(一) 87 Ⅲ.选词填空 devote oneself to; skip out; be left with; apply oneself to; boil down to; set sb apart; be born with; push sb to the limit; in danger of; stay in 1．The issue really ____________ the conflict between dream and reality. 2．I won't go out today; I'll ____________ and work. 3．One must ______________ the present and keep one's eyes firmly fixed on one's future goals. 4．Specialists say children who feel this way are ____________ failure and depression. boils down to stay in apply oneself to in danger of 课堂效果检测(一) 88 5．Because of this decision, I never _______________________ and never did well on any sports that I played in later years. 6．If it continues, future generations will ____________ a legacy of pollution and destruction. 7．Everyone knew that one had to ____________ those qualities; they could not be created. 8．Don't _________. That's an order. I want to talk to you. 9．In this case you might want to consider some design approaches which will ____________ from your competitors. 10．After she graduated she continued to _________________ research. pushed myself to the limit be left with be born with skip out set you apart devote herself to 课堂效果检测(一) 89 课时语法精讲——冠词 课时语法精讲 91 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. 2．Beyond _____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space. 3．When do you have ______ breakfast every day? 4．This recipe is ____ adaptation of ____ old favourite. the the 不填 an 不填 an 课时语法精讲 92 5．—Where is Jack? —I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in _____ bathroom. 6．There is ____ desk and ___ bed in the room. 7．He sat in ____ front of the classroom. 8．Force yourself to take ____ break from your studies and worries about exams. 不填 a the a the a 课时语法精讲 93 语法讲座 冠词分三种：不定冠词a/an，定冠词the，零冠词。以下是它们的用法。 冠词用法口诀： (定冠词)　特指双熟悉　上文已提及　世上独无二　序数最高级　某些专有名　习语和乐器。 (零冠词)　代词限定名词前　专有名词不可数　学科球类三餐饭　四季星期月份前　颜色语种和国名　称呼习语和头衔 课时语法精讲 94 一、不定冠词a/an的用法 1．不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a。例如：a student, a European country。不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以元音音素开头时，不定冠词用an。例如：an apple, an honest boy。 2．表示类别或泛指。 A horse has four legs. 马有四条腿。 课时语法精讲 95 3．当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。 It had been a success far beyond their expectations. 成功之大远远超过他们的预期。 4．表示“一”或“每一”的概念。 It's a book for young and old alike. 这本书老少皆宜。 课时语法精讲 96 5．表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。 I met a guy at a party and he came on to me real hard. 我在聚会上遇见一个小伙子，他对我大献殷勤。 6．不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。 Jim was a most loving husband and father. 吉姆是一个最富有爱心的丈夫和父亲。 7．不表示顺序而表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。 A second police car followed close behind. 第二辆警车紧紧跟在后面。 课时语法精讲 97 8．knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等抽象名词后接of ... 时，前面用不定冠词。 A command of information is the necessary prerequisite to the scientific consideration of any subject. 掌握资料是科学地思考任何问题的必要的先决条件。 9．独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。 China has once again emerged as a world power. 中国再次成为一个世界性的强国。 课时语法精讲 98 10．表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。 Britain has a mild winter and a cool summer because it is an island country. 英国冬季温和、夏季凉爽，因为它是一个岛国。 11．不定冠词的特殊位置 不定冠词与such/what连用时，不定冠词后置；当一个单数可数名词前有rather/quite修饰时，不定冠词后置。 He was always such a gentleman. 他总是这样一个彬彬有礼的人。 Failure is not the end, but rather a stepping stone to success. 失败不是终点，而是成功的垫脚石。 课时语法精讲 99 二、定冠词the的用法 1．双方都知道的人或物，或特指的名词前。 I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。 2．用于某些形容词或分词前表示一类人。 Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins, and the government provided food, clothes and shelters for the homeless. 士兵们来营救那些被埋在废墟下的人，政府为无家可归者提供食物、衣服和庇护所。 课时语法精讲 100 3．在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面，用定冠词the。 As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 课时语法精讲 101 (1)a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”。 He is a most clever boy. 他是一个非常聪明的男孩。 (2)the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。 She had the most enchanting smile of all of them. 在所有人中，她的微笑最迷人。 课时语法精讲 102 4.用于“by＋the＋计量单位名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size, weight这类名词与by连用时不加定冠词。 Apples are sold by weight and coal is sold by the ton. 苹果按重量出售，煤炭按吨出售。 5．用于“动词(hit, strike, pull, take等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。 hit sb on the head 打某人的头 pull/take sb by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手 strike sb in the face 打某人的脸 课时语法精讲 103 6．用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 The sun is shining brightly in the sky. 太阳在天空中明亮地照耀着。 7．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 The Great Wall is worth visiting. 长城值得一游。 8．用于姓氏复数前，表示夫妇俩或全家人。 The Blacks went to New York for a vacation last month. 布莱克一家上个月去纽约度假了。 9．用于西洋乐器名词前。 play the violin/piano 拉小提琴/弹钢琴 课时语法精讲 104 10．用于方位名词前，表示时间、地点等或用于习惯用语中。 on the right/left 在右/左边；under the bed 在床下；on the table 在桌子上；behind the door 在门后；in the end 最终；at the same time 同时；in the east/west/south/north 在东/西/南/北方；at the moment 此刻，目前；by the way 顺便说一下；in the way 阻碍；挡路；go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧；in the distance 在远处；in the habit of 有……的习惯；make the most/best of 充分利用；not in the least 一点也不；on the contrary 与此相反；on the other hand 另一方面；the other day 几天之前；to tell (you) the truth (跟你)说实话；to the point 中肯，切题；take the place of 代替。 课时语法精讲 105 三、零冠词的用法 1．表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词、复数名词或不含普通名词的纯专有名词前。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。 课时语法精讲 106 The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea. 史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。 2．名词前已有限定词this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等作定语时，不用冠词。 Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! 一些科学家甚至说我们可以活到130岁！ 课时语法精讲 107 3．表示独一无二的职位、头衔等名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。 Dr Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 学校校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习。” 课时语法精讲 108 4．表示无特指意义的名词前，如季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科。 Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past. 在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有用的知识。 课时语法精讲 109 5．固定短语。 in bed 卧床；go to school 去上学；at dawn/dusk/night/noon 在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午；on/catch fire 着火；by mistake 错误地；by chance/accident 碰巧；in history 在历史上；under repair 在维修中；hand in hand 手拉手；do harm to 对……有害；on purpose 故意地；in place 在恰当的位置；in danger 在危险中；make room for 给……腾出地方；in return 作为回报；at present 目前；ahead of time 提前；in advance 提前；lose heart 灰心；out of control 失控。 课时语法精讲 110 (1)turn意为“变成，成为”时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。 Has he turned actor？ 他已经变成演员了？ (2)当man意为“人类”、word意为“消息”、room意为“空间”时，其前不加冠词。 Word came that he would be promoted. 有消息说他将被晋升。 课时语法精讲 111 (3)零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋系动词，意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……”。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但他知道很多。 (4)表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等，其前要用冠词。 have a big breakfast 吃一顿丰盛的早餐 课时语法精讲 112 四、有无冠词意义不同的搭配 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里 in charge of 掌管 in the charge of 在……掌管之中 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 课时语法精讲 113 单句语法填空 ①We always have ________ rice for ________ lunch. ②September 10th is ________ Teachers' Day. ③________ woman in a red dress is a very popular teacher in our school. ④More and more foreign students come to China to learn ________ Chinese. ⑤________ eighth month of the year is August. 不填 不填 the The 不填 The 课时语法精讲 114 ⑥Jim's father usually goes to work by ______ bus. ⑦My aunt works in _____ hospital, and she is a nurse. ⑧Tom likes playing _____ guitar, but he doesn't like playing _____ chess. ⑨We can't see _____ sun at _____ night. ⑩Tony is _____ tallest of all in his class. 不填 the the 不填 the 不填 the 课时语法精讲 115 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．As we all know, ____ milk is food and ____ milk in this cup has gone bad. 2．Do you know ____ girl on ___ another side of the lake? 3．He is always ready to help ___ old and ____ young. 4．____ Greens are traveling in __ South China. 5．Although ___ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ____ most are ____ least healthy. / the the The the / the / / the the 课堂效果检测(二) 117 6．Tom went to ____ school as usual, but he didn't know his father went to ____ school for a parent meeting. 7．We all agree that ___ knowledge begins with ___ practice. 8．She says ___ animals can't live without ___ air, either. 9．I like playing ___ football, but I have to play ___ guitar. 10．____ PLA was founded on ___ August 1st, 1927. / / / / the / / the The / 课堂效果检测(二) 118 Ⅱ.单句表达 1．格林一家去过中国两次。 ____________ have been to China twice. 2．请你把桌上的糖递给我，好吗？ Would you please pass me the sugar ____________？ 3．学生们经常在下午打排球。 Students often ____________________________. 4．汤姆因为生病住院而没来上课。 Tom missed the class because he was ill __________. The Greens on the table play volleyball in the afternoon in hospital 课堂效果检测(二) 119 5．托尼通常骑自行车去上学。 Tony usually goes to school _______. 6．宇航员们登上了月球。 Astronauts landed on __________． 7．这部电影年轻人会感兴趣。 It's a movie that will appeal to __________． by bike the moon the young 课堂效果检测(二) 120 8．在这个团体中，我遇到了许多有趣的同学并和他们交朋友。 In this group, I met many interesting classmates and ________________ them. 9．让我看看你写的诗。 Show me _______________________． 10．他坐了五年牢。 He has been ________ for five years. made friends with the poem you have written in prison 课堂效果检测(二) 121 课后课时作业（三） Ⅰ　完形填空 I run a design studio in New York. Every seven years, I close it for one year to __1__ for some little experiments, things that are always difficult to __2__ during the regular working years. In that year, we are not __3__ for any of our clients and we are totally closed. As you can imagine, it is a lovely and very energetic time. 课后课时作业（三） 123 I __4__ had opened the studio in New York to __5__ my two loves, music and design. And we created videos and packaging for many musicians that you know, and for even more that you've never heard of. As I __6__， just like with many, many things in my life that I actually love, I adapt to it. And I get, over time, __7__ by them. And for sure, in our case, our __8__ started to look the same. You see here a glass eye in a die (模子) cut of a book. Quite the __9__ idea, then, a perfume packaged in a __10__， in a die cut. So I decided to close it down for one year. 课后课时作业（三） 124 Also is the knowledge that right now we spend about the first 25 years of our lives __11__， then there is another 40 years that's really __12__ for working. And then at the end of it are about 15 years for retirement. And I thought it might be __13__ to basically cut off five of those retirement years and put them in between those working years. That's clearly enjoyable for myself. But probably even more important is that the work that comes out of these __14__ flows back into the company and into society at large, rather than just __15__ a grandchild or two ... 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的工作室每隔七年就会关闭一年来做一些在正常工作年份里很难完成的事情。作者认为抽出时间所做的工作最终会回流到企业和整个社会。 课后课时作业（三） 125 解析：try 尝试；account 解释；argue 争论；wait 等待。根据后文“for some little experiments”可知，是指尝试(try)一些小实验。故选A。 1.A.try B．account C．argue D．wait 课后课时作业（三） 126 解析： imagine 想象；recognize 识别；accomplish 完成；实现；predict 预测。根据前文“things that are always difficult to”可知，此处指尝试一些平时工作中难以完成的事情。故选C。 2．A.imagine B．recognize C．accomplish D．predict 课后课时作业（三） 127 解析： available 有空的；suitable 适当的；alternative 供选择的；effective 有效的。根据后文“and we are totally closed”可知，作者他们完全关门，不接待任何客户。故选A。 3．A.available B．suitable C．alternative D．effective 课后课时作业（三） 128 解析： casually 随便地；eventually 终于；obviously 明显地；originally 最初。根据后文“my two loves, music and design”可知，作者在纽约开工作室最初是为了音乐和设计。故选D。 4．A.casually B．eventually C．obviously D．originally 课后课时作业（三） 129 解析： express 表达；combine 结合；enlarge 扩大；evaluate 评价。根据后文“my two loves, music and design”可知，作者开工作室最初是为了把音乐和设计两个爱好结合起来。故选B。 5．A.express B．combine C．enlarge D．evaluate 课后课时作业（三） 130 解析：句意：我意识到，就像我生活中很多很多我喜欢的事情一样，我适应了它。wonder 想知道；profit 有益于；realize 意识到；remind 提醒。根据后文“just like with many, many things in my life that I actually love, I adapt to it”可知，作者开始意识到自己的这种行为。故选C。 6．A.wondered B．profited C．realized D．reminded 课后课时作业（三） 131 解析： excited 激动的；alarmed 担忧的；addicted 上瘾的；bored 无聊的，厌烦的。结合前文，此处指作者对于那些原本喜爱的事物，习以为常之后，渐感沉闷。故选D。 7．A.excited B．alarmed C．addicted D．bored 课后课时作业（三） 132 解析： work 工作；appearance 外观；video 视频；studio 工作室。根据后文“started to look the same”可知，作者的工作开始看起来都一样。故选A。 8．A.work B．appearance C．video D．studio 课后课时作业（三） 133 解析： unusual 不寻常的；similar 类似的；reasonable 合理的；interesting 有趣的。根据前文“a glass eye in a die (模子) cut of a book”可知，设空处是表示想法类似。故选B。 9．A.unusual B．similar C．reasonable D．interesting 课后课时作业（三） 134 解析：根据前文“You see here a glass eye in a die (模子) cut of a book.”可知，此处指一瓶用书本包装的香水。故选B。 10．A.bottle B．book C．glass D．case 课后课时作业（三） 135 解析： learn 学习；play 玩耍；search 搜索；adjust 调整。根据常识可知，人生的前25年是用来学习的。故选A。 11．A.learning B．playing C．searching D．adjusting 课后课时作业（三） 136 解析：句意：还有一点是，我们现在把人生的前25年用来学习，而接下来的另外40年差不多都留给了工作。monitor 检测；limit 限制；reserve 保留；remove 去掉。根据后文“for working”可知，人生40年用来工作。be reserved for “留作”。故选C。 12．A.monitored B．limited C．reserved D．removed 课后课时作业（三） 137 解析： helpful 有益的，有帮助的；astonishing 惊人的；abnormal 反常的；amusing 有趣的。根据后文“That's clearly enjoyable for myself.”可知，作者认为从这15年的退休期里拿出五年将它们穿插到工作年限中会对自己有益。故选A。 13．A.helpful B．astonishing C．abnormal D．amusing 课后课时作业（三） 138 解析：根据前文“cut off five of those retirement years”可知，此处指作者从15年的退休期里拿出的五年时间。故选C。 14．A.designs B．ideas C．years D．musicians 课后课时作业（三） 139 解析：根据前文“flows back into the company and into society at large”可知，作者认为自己用抽出的五年时间所做的工作，会使公司和整个社会受益，而不是仅仅是惠及一两个孙子孙女。故选D。 15．A.educating B．loving C．blaming D．benefiting 课后课时作业（三） 140 Ⅱ　阅读 A One piece of advice I give young people is that they don't have to decide what they want to do for the rest of their life at age 22. Just think of all the jobs that didn't exist 10 years ago and what might exist 10 years from now. 课后课时作业（三） 141 My daughter is a nurse practitioner (从业者). But she didn't start there when she went to college. She got her undergraduate degree in hotel and restaurant management with a minor (辅修课程) in business. She wanted to find a job in travel and tourism and see the world. On graduation day she looked at me and said, “Mom, I don't know what I'm going to do with my life that's meaningful, but I don't think it's travel and tourism.” I looked at her and said, “Just get a job and then figure it out.” 课后课时作业（三） 142 She struggled for a year or two after college with a couple of different jobs including work in the travel industry for a short time. But she started thinking early on after graduation about becoming a nurse. Whenever she talked to me about it, I told her she'd be a great nurse—super organized, able to multitask better than anyone I knew, with amazing people skills. But I also told her that she'd have to work hard and study the sciences if she wanted to be a nurse. 课后课时作业（三） 143 She considered her choices and decided to enter a combined nursing/nurse practitioner program getting her second bachelor's degree then her master's. She had found her passion! Her nursing career since 2005 has progressed. She now has a mix of leadership, administrative, and clinical work. Do you know what your passion is? Have you found it in your work or are you still searching for it？ 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者建议迷茫的女儿找一份工作，去发现自己热衷的爱好，由此告诉我们：年轻人不必太早决定余生要做什么，先找到自己热衷的爱好所在。 课后课时作业（三） 144 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Just get a job and then figure it out.”可知，作者建议女儿在实践中找答案。故选D。 1.How did the author react to her daughter's words on graduation day? A．She recommended a job to her daughter. B．She was worried about her daughter's future. C．She was angry about her daughter's uncertainty. D．She advised her daughter to find answers in practice. 课后课时作业（三） 145 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whenever she talked to me ... with amazing people skills.(每次她跟我说起这件事，我都告诉她，她会是一个很棒的护士——超级有条理，比我认识的任何人都更能同时处理多项任务，还拥有惊人的人际交往能力。)”可推知，女儿决定成为一名护士，作者的态度是支持的。故选B。 2．What was the author's attitude toward her daughter's decision to become a nurse? A．Cautious. B．Favorable. C．Unconcerned. D．Disappointed. 课后课时作业（三） 146 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“She considered her choices ... She had found her passion！(她考虑了她的选择，并决定进入护理/执业护士联合项目，获得她的第二个学士学位，然后她的硕士学位。她找到了她热衷的爱好！)”可知，作者的女儿已经知道自己喜欢做什么了。故选B。 3．What do we know about the author's daughter? A．She has traveled around the world. B．She has figured out what she loves to do. C．She was unsuccessful in her nursing career. D．She was unwilling to follow her mother's suggestion. 课后课时作业（三） 147 解析：推理判断题。作者在第一段中提出她给年轻人的一个建议是，不必在22岁的时候决定余生要做什么。且文章主要叙述了作者给毕业时不知道做什么的女儿提出的建议是找一份工作，然后去发现自己热衷的爱好，最终女儿找到了她自己喜欢的护士行业。由此可推知，作者是通过举出一个典型的例子来支持她的主要观点的。故选D。 4．How does the author support her main idea? A．By listing facts. B．By analyzing causes. C．By making a comparison. D．By providing a typical example. 课后课时作业（三） 148 B I recently spent half a weekend sitting on the sofa watching the Davis Cup. I thought about going for a run, but I did not want to miss the rest of the match. Soon it was starting to get dark, so I did not bother. Whenever I watch tennis, I think how nice it would be to play it regularly. But I have been thinking that for almost 20 years without actually setting foot on a court. The evidence would suggest that I'm not the only one. 课后课时作业（三） 149 When a country or city bids to host an international sporting event, it often promises that more people will take up sports as a result. London was no exception. In the end it did not turn out quite like that. Just over one­third of people in Britain take part in sports once a week. A report on Olympic legacy (后续) has said that a big change in participation levels simply has not happened. 课后课时作业（三） 150 Why isn't there a big increase in people taking part in sports after most sporting events? Perhaps it is a mistake to assume an automatic link between watching sports and playing it. While the games are on, they actually encourage people to do just the opposite—to spend whole sunny days not out playing sports, but inside sitting on the sofa with the curtains shut to stop the sun shining on the TV screen and spoiling the view. We don't expect half the audience of a hit musical to apply to drama school the next day, yet we seem to expect it of sporting events. 课后课时作业（三） 151 We might have sat on the sofa doing an impression of Usain Bolt's bow­and­arrow signature pose. But how many of us have been inspired by watching him sprint (短跑) 100 meters? The high­level performances on show only remind people that they could never match the elite (精英) athletes in their sporting achievements even if they trained full time. 课后课时作业（三） 152 Maybe participation in sports is not the right legacy to expect after a major sporting event. It's not so much that the Olympics failed to get people to participate but rather that this was never going to be the result. The Olympics can do many things, but maybe this cannot necessarily be one of them. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析大型体育赛事之后，进行体育运动的人没有大幅增加的原因，进而指出在大型体育赛事之后，期待更多公民进行体育运动是不必要的。 课后课时作业（三） 153 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But I have been thinking that for almost 20 years without actually setting foot on a court.(但是我已经想了快20年了，从来没有真正踏上过球场。)”可知，作者接近二十年没有真正踏上过球场。故选C。 5．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The author prefers playing tennis to running. B．The author watches tennis matches very rarely. C．The author hasn't played tennis in nearly one fifth of a century. D．The author didn't go for a run because the match lasted longer than expected. 课后课时作业（三） 154 6．According to the article, there is no noticeable rise in sport participation after most sporting events because ________． ①it takes people a longer time to play sports than watch it　②watching sports actually discourages people from going out　③sporting events make people aware that they could never be as good as elite athletes　④people are too busy to get into the habit of taking part in sports A．①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④ 课后课时作业（三） 155 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“to spend whole sunny ... the sun shining on the TV screen (在阳光明媚的日子里不出去运动，而是坐在沙发里，拉上窗帘，防止阳光照射在电视屏幕上)”及倒数第二段中的“The high­level performances ... even if they trained full time.”可知，在电视上观看比赛使得人们在阳光明媚的日子里不出去运动，同时运动员的高水平的表现提醒人们，即使普通人全职训练，也无法与精英运动员相提并论。因此大多数体育赛事之后，进行体育运动的人没有大幅增加。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 156 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段作者以自己为例，谈到自己看比赛时有了想去运动的想法，但仅仅是想法而已。接下来的段落提到大多数体育赛事之后，进行体育运动的人没有大幅增加的原因。最后一段提出也许进行体育运动，并不是大型体育赛事之后的必要选择。所以文章主要探讨的问题为是否大的体育赛事会让我们进行运动。故选D。 7．This article is mainly about ________． A．how to make people do more sport B．the things that the Olympics can do C．the disadvantages of watching big sporting events D．whether big sporting events make us do more sport 课后课时作业（三） 157 课后课时作业（四） Ⅰ　阅读 A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? 课后课时作业（四） 159 Jane Addams (1860－1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907－1964) If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. 课后课时作业（四） 160 Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present) When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. 课后课时作业（四） 161 Rosa Parks (1913－2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil­rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” said Parks. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位伟大兼具影响力的女性。 课后课时作业（四） 162 解析：推理判断题。根据Jane Addams (1860－1935)部分第一句“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢简·亚当斯。)”可推知，Jane Addams在历史上主要以她的社会工作而出名。故选A。 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her lack of proper training in law. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 课后课时作业（四） 163 解析：细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)部分第一句“When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third ... she was a woman.(1952年，桑德拉·戴·奥康纳在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业，她在律师事务所却找不到工作，因为她是女性。)”可知，Sandra Day O'Connor被律师事务所拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视。故选C。 2．What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 课后课时作业（四） 164 解析：细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks (1913－2005)部分可知，因为在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，Rosa Parks (罗莎·帕克斯)对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。 3．Who made a great contribution to the civil­rights movement in the US? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 课后课时作业（四） 165 4．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace­lovers. 课后课时作业（四） 166 解析：推理判断题。Jane Addams (1860－1935)部分提到1931年，Jane Addams成为第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。Rachel Carson (1907－1964)部分提到Rachel Carson在1962年出版的畅销书《寂静的春天》唤起了人们对污染的危害意识以及引起了人们在化学品对人类和世界湖泊和海洋产生有害影响方面的关注。Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)部分提到Sandra Day O'Connor成为亚利桑那州参议员，并在1981年成为第一位加入美国最高法院的女性。Rosa Parks (1913－2005)部分提到Rosa Parks引发的民权运动。由此可推知，四位女性都是历史上的先驱。故选C。 课后课时作业（四） 167 B I started out my career as an editor for a travel magazine. I didn't really mind the work, but I wanted something more challenging. My sister sent me some details about a content management position in a digital reading company. The job was a seemingly perfect mix of my skills and interests, so I jumped at it. 课后课时作业（四） 168 However, soon after I joined the company, its model changed to focus on education, and everything about my position changed. I was asked to take on the completely different roles of selling the products to teachers and training people. I had no experience in sales, training or education. On top of that, I'm an introvert (内向的人). I felt more than a little outside my comfort zone. I knew I wanted to grow as an individual and make a serious impact on the company. I told myself that everything feels overwhelming (令人不知所措的) at first and I should at least try. In a way, I felt like I didn't have a choice. I knew jumping out of the nest was the right thing for me, even though it felt pretty awful. 课后课时作业（四） 169 I was fortunate to be surrounded by very helpful people, both at work and at home. My best friend reminded me that I had taken huge leaps of faith in the past and told me I would pull through just fine. It also helped that my boss seemed to have more confidence in my capabilities than I did. She never asked if I thought I could do it; she only asked if I was interested in trying. I spent hours researching my company's products. I asked lots of questions and spoke to so many teachers and there were soon more good experiences than difficult ones. I looked for opportunities to put in extra effort. The more I did, the better I felt. 课后课时作业（四） 170 Over time, I discovered that the job was something I could do and liked doing. It was incredibly rewarding to see the company grow and know that I had something to do with its success. Sure, I made mistakes and took on more than I could handle. But I also learned that it's important to take risks and accept new opportunities, even when you're not sure whether you'll do well. I don't think there's anything worse than failing because you refuse to even try. I'm so glad I tried, and know I'll do it again. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者换工作后，虽然不知所措，但通过努力，自己的潜力得到充分发挥。由此告诉我们要敢于走出自己的舒适区，迎接新的挑战。 课后课时作业（四） 171 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The job was a seemingly perfect mix of my skills and interests, so I jumped at it.”可知，作者换了工作，主要是因为她找到了一份似乎很适合她的工作。故选C。 5.The author changed her job mainly because she ________． A．was not satisfied with her salary B．got bored with the editing job C．found a job that seemed perfect for her D．was introduced to the new company 课后课时作业（四） 172 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was asked to take on ... training or education.”及第五段的内容可推知，作者在进入新的公司后自己的工作发生了很大变化，于是不得不跳出舒适区并开发她的全部能力。故选D。 6．What happened after she joined the new company? A．She quickly got used to the new position. B．She wanted to quit because of the great pressure. C．The boss thought she was unsuitable for her post. D．Her new duties pushed her to explore her full ability. 课后课时作业（四） 173 7．How did the author finally manage to handle her job? A．She always had faith in her abilities. B．Her boss guided her in her work step by step. C．She made every effort to improve her work with the help of others. D．Her colleagues offered to take on some of her tasks. 课后课时作业（四） 174 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was fortunate to be surrounded by very helpful people”和“My best friend reminded me that I had taken huge leaps”以及“my boss seemed to have more confidence in my capabilities”及第五段中的“I asked lots of questions and spoke to so many teachers\”和“I looked for opportunities to put in extra effort.”可推知，作者工作的情况一步步好转的原因有朋友对她的鼓励、上司对她能力的信任以及自身的不断努力，她在别人的帮助下尽一切努力改进自己的工作。故选C。 课后课时作业（四） 175 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过自身的工作经历告诉读者，要勇于突破自己，敢于做出新的尝试，把握不同的机会。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享她在新工作中取得进步的经验。故选D。 8．Why did the author write this article? A．To warn the reader about the risks of changing jobs. B．To give advice on how to step out of one's comfort zone. C．To show off the success she had achieved in her challenging new job. D．To share the lessons she had learned from her progress in her new job. 课后课时作业（四） 176 Ⅱ　语法填空 Sichuan hotpots enjoy world fame as they do in China because their hot and spicy flavour helps make people feel warm, __1__ is good for the damp and foggy local climate. Dating back to the late Qing Dynasty, the hotpots __2__ (invent) by boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. The reason why Sichuan hotpots appeal to people of different tastes is that they provide multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces. The author __3__ (instant) became a big fan of Sichuan hotpots, not only because of their satisfying flavour, but also because they offer a great opportunity __4__ (relax) with friends. 课后课时作业（四） 177 As Nanjing's most famous food export, salted duck is served plain in thin, white slices. It takes several days __5__ (prepare) this dish. The waterways around Nanjing are perfect for raising waterbirds. Salted duck was praised as the best dish in a local history book from the late Qing Dynasty. __6__ is appropriate to eat duck in the hot summer because of its cooling properties. People now eat salted duck all year round. Morning tea is __7__ essential part of the daily routine for the Cantonese. In the beginning, Cantonese dim sum, or a __8__ (various) of light dishes were served with tea in the teahouses in the mid­19th century. Nowadays, it has become more delicate and delicious to stimulate __9__ (customer) appetite. You can spend hours __10__ (chat) with your friends while appreciating tastes of various Cantonese dim sum. 课后课时作业（四） 178 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________ 6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川、南京和广东的饮食文化。 课后课时作业（四） 179 1．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词。故填which。 课后课时作业（四） 180 2．答案：were invented 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：追溯到晚清时期，长江上的船夫发明了火锅，以在寒冷潮湿的冬天保暖。根据上文“Dating back to the late Qing Dynasty”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为the hotpots，与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语应用复数。故填were invented。 课后课时作业（四） 181 3．答案：instantly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：作者很快就成为了四川火锅的超级爱好者，不仅因为四川火锅的美味，还因为它提供了一个与朋友放松的好机会。应用副词修饰动词became，作状语。故填instantly。 课后课时作业（四） 182 4．答案：to relax 解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用动词不定式短语作后置定语，短语opportunity to do sth意为“做……的机会”。故填to relax。 5．答案：to prepare 解析：考查非谓语动词。It takes/took sb＋时间＋to do sth “花费某人时间做某事”为固定用法。故填to prepare。 课后课时作业（四） 183 6．答案：It 解析：考查代词。句意：鸭子具有清凉的特性，适宜在炎热的夏天食用。此处为句型“It be＋adj.＋to do sth”，It作形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。故填It。 7．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。句意：早茶是广东人日常生活中必不可少的一部分。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且essential的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 课后课时作业（四） 184 8．答案：variety 解析：考查词性转换。句意：最开始，在19世纪中期，茶馆里的人们开始配着茶吃广式点心或各种各样的清淡菜肴。根据句意可知，此处表示“各种各样的”，短语为a variety of。故填variety。 课后课时作业（四） 185 9．答案：customers' 解析：考查名词。句意：如今，它变得更加精致和美味，以刺激顾客的食欲。customer为可数名词，此处泛指“顾客”，且无冠词修饰，应用复数；且与下文名词appetite构成所属关系，应用名词的所有格。故填customers'。 课后课时作业（四） 186 10．答案：chatting 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以花几个小时与你的朋友聊天，同时品尝各种各样广式点心的味道。spend time (in) doing sth意为“花费时间做某事”，动名词作介词in的宾语。故填chatting。 课后课时作业（四） 187 Ⅲ　应用文写作 假如你是李华，你校拟以“追逐自己的梦想”为主题进行英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： 1．你的梦想； 2．原因； 3．实现方式。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 　　　2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 课后课时作业（四） 188 Hello everyone， ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 课后课时作业（四） 189 [精彩范文] Hello everyone， I'm Li Hua and I am delighted to have such an opportunity to deliver a speech here. Now I will tell you what I want to be in the future. To be honest, my dream is to become a scientist. As we know, Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in medicine. She devoted most of her life to the research into medicine. In the end, she developed a new method for the treatment of malaria, benefiting the whole world. I hope to be admitted to China Medical University, where I can receive a good education. Then I can continue my study. I believe where there is a will, there is a way. I'll spare no effort to achieve my dream. That's all, thank you. 课后课时作业（四） 190 R $$