精品解析：上海市进才中学2024-2025学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题

2024-2025学年进才中学高三下英语3月测评 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everything to Know About the New Chinese AI Tool — DeepSeek DeepSeek is an AI assistant developed by a Chinese company called DeepSeek. Thanks to social media, DeepSeek, a breakthrough new player on the artificial intelligence field, ____1____ (break) the internet for the last few days. Earlier in January, DeepSeek released its AI model, DeepSeek (R1), which competes with leading models like OpenAI’s ChatGPT 01. Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was ____2____ (downloaded) app on the iPhone. With a user-friendly design, it’s built to assist with various tasks, from answering questions to performing content, like ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini. The ability to develop high-performing AI models at a fraction of the cost is ____3____ sets DeepSeek apart. DeepSeek shows ____4____ competition and innovation will make AI cheaper and therefore more useful. But ____5____ the American AI giants, which usually have free versions but impose fees to access their higher-operating AI engines and gain more queries, DeepSeek is all free to ____6____ (use). It also quickly launched an AI image generator this week called Janus-Pro, ____7____ aim is to take on Dall-E3, Stable Diffusion and Leonardo in the US. ____8____ (Found) in 2023 by a hedge fund manager, Liang Wenfeng, the company is headquartered in Hangzhou, China, and specializes in developing open-source large language models. Developers can customize it to their needs ____9____ it’s an open-source platform. Little known before January, the AT assistant launch has fueled optimism for AI innovation, _____10_____ (challenge) the dominance of US tech giants that rely on massive investments in chips/data centers and energy. 【答案】1. has broken 2. the most downloaded 3. what 4. how 5. unlike 6. users 7. whose 8. Founded 9. because 10. challenging 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的人工智能工具——DeepSeek。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：多亏了社交媒体，人工智能领域的突破性新玩家DeepSeek在过去几天里轰动了互联网。根据时间状语“for the last few days”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语DeepSeek是单数，助动词用has，break的过去分词是 broken。故填has broken。 【2题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：发布几天后，DeepSeek的聊天机器人就成为iPhone上下载量最高的应用。根据句意以及“Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was ____ app on the iPhone.”可知，此处表示“最受下载的应用程序”，应用最高级形式，downloaded的最高级形式是the most downloaded。故填the most downloaded。 【3题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：以极低的成本开发高性能人工智能模型的能力是DeepSeek的与众不同之处。分析句子结构可知，“____ sets DeepSeek apart”是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：DeepSeek展示了竞争和创新将如何使人工智能更便宜，从而更有用。分析句子可知，设空处引导宾语从句，结合句意可知，该空作方式状语，所以用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但与美国人工智能巨头不同的是，美国人工智能巨头通常有免费版本，但需要收取费用才能访问其运营更高的人工智能引擎并获得更多查询，DeepSeek对用户都是免费的。此处是将DeepSeek与美国的人工智能巨头进行对比，DeepSeek是全免费使用的，而美国的人工智能巨头通常有免费版本但访问更高性能的人工智能引擎要收费，所以此处表示“不像”，用介词unlike。故填unlike。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：但与美国人工智能巨头不同的是，美国人工智能巨头通常有免费版本，但需要收取费用才能访问其运营更高的人工智能引擎并获得更多查询，DeepSeek对用户都是免费的。根据句意以及空前介词to可知，此处为复数名词users“用户”，满足句意要求，作宾语。故填users。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该公司本周还迅速推出了一款名为Janus-Pro的人工智能图像生成器，其目标是在美国与Dall-E3、Stable Diffusion和Leonardo竞争。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Janus-Pro，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，修饰aim，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司由对冲基金经理梁文峰于2023年创立，总部位于中国杭州，专门开发开源的大型语言模型。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，found与主语the company之间是逻辑被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，found的过去分词是founded，首字母大写。故填Founded。 【9题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：开发人员可以根据自己的需要定制它，因为它是一个开源平台。根据句意可知，此处为连词because表示“因为”引导原因状语从句，满足句意要求。故填because。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年1月之前鲜为人知的是，这款智能助手的推出引发了人们对人工智能创新的乐观情绪，挑战了依赖于芯片/数据中心和能源大量投资的美国科技巨头的主导地位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，challenge与主语 the AI assistant launch之间是逻辑主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填challenging。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dampening B. desperately C. extensively D. gains E. impact F. launched G. revolutionary H. sandwiched I. securing J. shaved K. wear Do better shoes help you run faster? Modern competitive running entered a new era in 2016, when Nike began distributing a prototype trainer to elite runners. The new shoes were designed to look like Nike’s top publicly available model, the Zoom Streak 6, but the soles featured a(n)_____11_____new design. And regular runners were able to get their hands on them in 2017 when the company_____12_____the Zoom Vaporfly 4%, the first true super shoe. “Most super shoes follow the same pattern,” explains Jens Jakob Andersen, founder of RunRepeat, a website that “road-tests” trainers. Typically have curved soles made of a hard carbon plate_____13_____between layers of specially engineered springy foam. The carbon plate is often very thick — up to 40mm tall at the heel. These features make running easier. Platformed soles encourage a slightly longer stride, which means fewer steps per kilometre. And a soft base, which absorbs_____14_____before bouncing back up, eases the pressure on leg muscles. The results speak for themselves. Studies estimate that the high-tech trainers have_____15_____between one and four minutes off elite marathon times. Regular runners benefit too. In 2019 the New York Times analyzed real-world marathon data to measure the speed_____16_____owed to Nike’s Vaporfly. They found that runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster than those in average trainers. However,_____17_____this extra speed demands a substantial expenditure. Adidas’s top model, the Pro Evo 1—worn by Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa during her record-breaking Berlin marathon in 2023—cost $500. And, as the miles add up, most super shoes quickly lose grip and the foam in the sole wears out,_____18_____their signature springiness. So, with a big race approaching, runners may wonder about the best sneaker strategy. Mr. Andersen’s opinion, super shoes should be broken in a little: he suggests around 20-50km of pre-race use, to improve race-day performance since some foams get bouncier after a small amount of_____19_____. Buying a new pair of shoes for every race makes an expensive habit, but it could be worth it for those______20______chasing a personal best. 【答案】11. G 12. F 13. H 14. E 15. J 16. D 17. I 18. A 19. K 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了高科技跑鞋如何帮助运动员提高跑步速度，以及这些跑鞋的特点和优缺点。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：新款鞋的设计看起来像耐克公开销售的高端型号Zoom Streak 6，但鞋底采用了一种革命性的新设计。根据上文“The new shoes were designed to look like Nike’s top publicly available model, the Zoom Streak 6,”可知，“revolutionary”（革命性的）符合语境，设空处需要形容词修饰“new design”，作定语。故填G。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：2017年，当公司推出Zoom Vaporfly 4%时，普通跑者就能买到它们。根据“the Zoom Vaporfly 4%”可知，“launched”（推出）符合语境。设空处需填入动词过去式，与时间状语“in 2017”匹配，故填F。 【13题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：通常由硬碳板夹在特殊设计的弹性泡沫层之间制成。根据下文“between layers of specially engineered springy foam.”可知，“sandwiched”（夹在中间）符合语境。设空处需过去分词作后置定语修饰“carbon plate”，故填H。 【14题详解】 考查动名词。句意：柔软的鞋底在反弹前吸收冲击力，减轻腿部肌肉的压力。根据下文“eases the pressure on leg muscles.”可知，“impact”（冲击/使用）符合语境，名词作宾语。故填E。 【15题详解】 考查时态。句意：研究表明，高科技跑鞋为精英马拉松选手节省了1到4分钟的时间。根据下文“between one and four minutes off elite marathon times.”可知，“shaved”（削减）符合语境，设空处需动词过去分词构成完成时。故填J。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：在2019年，《纽约时报》分析了实际马拉松数据，以测量耐克Vaporfly带来的速度提升。根据上文“measure the speed”可知，“gains”（提升）符合语境。设空处需名词作宾语，故填D。 【17题详解】 考查动名词。句意：然而，获得这种额外速度需要高昂的花费。根据上文“They found that runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster than those in average trainers.”可知，“securing”（获得）符合语境。设空处需动名词作主语，故填I。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：而且，随着里程的增加，大多数超级鞋很快就会失去抓地力，鞋底的泡沫会磨损，削弱它们标志性的弹性。根据上文“wears out”，“dampening”（减弱）符合语境。本句为现在分词作状语。故填A。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意： Mr. Andersen认为，超级跑鞋应该在比赛前使用20-50公里左右，以提高比赛日的表现，因为一些泡沫在少量磨损后会变得更有弹性。根据上文“he suggests around 20-50km of pre-race us”可知，“wear”（磨损）符合语境，设空处需名词作宾语。故填K。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：每次比赛都买一双新鞋是一种昂贵的习惯，但对于那些拼命地追求个人最佳成绩的人来说，这可能是值得的。根据下文“chasing a personal best.”可知，“desperately”（拼命地）符合语境。，设空处需副词修饰“chasing”作状语，故填B。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Attitudes have Shifted, but the Burden hasn’t In 1987, just under half the population — 48% — still believed that a man’s main job was to earn money, and a woman’s to look after the home, according to the British Social Attitudes survey. By 2022 that had dived to 9%. Yet the proportion of women in full-time jobs has _____21_____, the burden of domestic labour still falls unfairly on their shoulders at home, even when they are the main breadwinners. Beliefs have been transformed, but behaviour has proved _____22_____. Globally, the UN has reported that women do at least two-and-a-half times more household and care work than men, _____23_____ to 10% — 39% of the gross domestic product of member states. In the US, analysis suggests that women — who make up half of the paid workforce — _____24_____ almost 80% of the unpaid domestic work: worth around $3.6 trillion a year. Yet this labour is not included in GDP and in many countries is _____25_____ acknowledged when it comes to divorce. So a new book on a half-century-old campaign — Wages for Housework: The Story of a Movement, an Idea, a Promise—offers food for thought today. Prof Emily Callaci _____26_____ the history and impact of the polarising feminist Marxist movement that originated in the UK in the 1970s, and that is still _____27_____ in today’s world. “They say it’s love—we say it’s unwaged work,” wrote Silvia Federici, one of the founders of the campaign. It was not just that women’s labour was going unrecognised and unrewarded, and that women lacked _____28_____, as a result, unable to do without the other half’s support. It was also about recognising that women’s unpaid work is integral to capitalism, _____29_____ the souls and bodies needed for paid work with smiles as well as hot suppers. The movement was international, but it was always a small strand in the ways of feminism and it remained controversial, with some of the key figures in distinct ______30______. Many saw it as inviting capitalism into the home, driving restriction to that domestic space, and ______31______ the unequal domestic burden. Some activists demanded wages as a practical solution, while others saw the idea as a tool to ______32______ deeper systemic issues. In Prof Callaci’s words, it was “the starting point for a more fundamental transformation of our political imagination: the visualizing of a world that centres on care rather than capitalist growth, the destruction of the environment, and pointless productivity”. That might mean, ______33______, paying farmers to support nature rather than produce food, compensating artists to create works that promote social reflection rather than simply produce mass-produced pieces for commercial success. The movement ______34______ financial compensation for all forms of creative and nurturing work, whether that be of people or the planet. It is not merely a matter of whether we place value on the work that doesn’t come with the ______35______ — but rather about the significant loss when we fail to cherish what truly enriches our lives and society. 21. A. bubbled B. dawned C. snowballed D. stormed 22. A. persistent B. extensive C. objective D. fundamental 23. A. parallel B. subject C. relative D. equivalent 24. A. consist in B. take on C. bring up D. look over 25. A. unintentionally B. impractically C. insufficiently D. unlawfully 26. A. initiates B. catalogues C. overturns D. prioritizes 27. A. relevant B. definite C. dominant D. recreational 28. A. attachment B. cooperation C. reliability D. autonomy 29. A. transferring B. instructing C. sustaining D. exploiting 30. A. fields B. camps C. stages D. states 31. A. restoring B. regulating C. neutralizing D. solidifying 32. A. challenge B. facilitate C. evaluate D. generalize 33. A. after all B. in turn C. for instance D. in fact 34. A. receives B. symbolizes C. quantifies D. advocates 35. A. target profit B. price tag C. market share D. production cost 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是社会性别角色态度的转变与家庭劳动负担依然沉重的现状，并探讨“家务工资”运动的意义及对社会变革的启示。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，从事全职工作的女性比例呈滚雪球式增长，即使她们是主要的养家糊口者，家务劳动的负担仍然不公平地落在了她们的肩上。A. bubbled冒泡；B. dawned变得明朗；C. snowballed滚雪球般增长；D. stormed气呼呼地疾走。根据上文“By 2022 that had dived to 9%.”可知，女性不工作的比例下降到9%，由此可知，从事全职工作的女性越来越多，比例呈滚雪球式增长。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信仰已经改变，但行为已被证明是持久的。A. persistent持久的；B. extensive广泛的；C. objective客观的；D. fundamental基本的。根据上文“…the burden of domestic labour still falls unfairly on their shoulders at home, even when they are the main breadwinners”可知，即使女性工作，但仍然要做家务，由此可知，这种让女性做家务劳动的观念是持久不变的。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在全球范围内，联合国报告称，女性从事的家务和护理工作至少是男性的2.5倍，相当于成员国国内生产总值的10%-39%。A. parallel平行的；B. subject受……支配的；C. relative相对的；D. equivalent相同的，相等的。根据句中“Globally, the UN has reported that women do at least two-and-a-half times more household and care work than men”可知，女性从事的家务和护理工作至少是男性的2.5倍，由此可知，句中表示女性工作创造的价值相当于成员国国内生产总值的10%-39%。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在美国，分析表明，占有偿劳动力一半的女性承担了近80%的无偿家务劳动：每年价值约3.6万亿美元。A. consist in包含在……；B. take on承担；C. bring up提出；D. look over浏览。根据上文“the UN has reported that women do at least two-and-a-half times more household and care work than men”可知，女性从事的家务和护理工作至少是男性的2.5倍，由此可知，女性承担了近80%的无偿家务劳动。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种劳动并没有包括在国内生产总值中，在许多国家，当涉及到离婚时，这种劳动也没有得到足够的承认。A. unintentionally无意中；B. impractically不切实际地；C. insufficiently不足地；D. unlawfully非法地。根据句中“Yet this labour is not included in GDP”可知，女性的家务劳动并没有包括在国内生产总值中，由此可知，这种劳动也没有得到足够的承认。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emily Callaci教授记载了20世纪70年代起源于英国的两极分化的女权主义马克思主义运动的历史和影响，这与当今世界仍然具有相关性。A. initiates发起；B. catalogues记载；C. overturns推翻；D. prioritizes优先处理。根据上文“So a new book on a half-century-old campaign—Wages for Housework: The Story of a Movement, an Idea, a Promise—offers food for thought today.”可知，上文提到了Emily Callaci教授的一本新书，由此可知，书中记载了一些内容。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emily Callaci教授记载了20世纪70年代起源于英国的两极分化的女权主义马克思主义运动的历史和影响，这与当今世界仍然具有相关性。A. relevant相关的；B. definite确定的；C. dominant占主导地位的；D. recreational娱乐的。根据上文“So a new book on a half-century-old campaign—Wages for Housework: The Story of a Movement, an Idea, a Promise—offers food for thought today.”可知，Emily Callaci教授的新书为今天的思考提供了素材，由此可知，书中的内容与当今世界仍然具有相关性。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅是因为女性的劳动没有得到认可和回报，而且女性缺乏自主权，因此无法没有另一半的支持。A. attachment附件；B. cooperation合作；C. reliability可靠性；D. autonomy自主权。根据句中“unable to do without the other half’s support”可知，女性无法没有另一半的支持，由此可知，女性缺乏自主权。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是关于认识到女性的无偿工作是资本主义不可或缺的一部分，通过微笑和热腾腾的晚餐来维持有偿工作所需的灵魂和身体。A. transferring转移；B. instructing指示；C. sustaining维持；D. exploiting利用。根据句中“souls and bodies”和“smiles as well as hot suppers”的关系可知，微笑和热腾腾的晚餐是用来维持有偿工作所需的灵魂和身体。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场运动是国际性的，但它始终是女权主义的一小部分，仍然存在争议，一些关键人物处于不同的阵营。A. fields领域；B. camps阵营；C. stages阶段；D. states状态。根据句中“…but it was always a small strand in the ways of feminism and it remained controversial”可知，这场运动存在争议，由此可知，一些关键人物处于不同的阵营，意见不统一。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为这是在邀请资本主义进入家庭，限制了家庭空间，并巩固了不平等的家庭负担。A. restoring恢复；B. regulating调节；C. neutralizing中和；D. solidifying巩固。根据句中“…driving restriction to that domestic space”可知，这场运动限制了家庭空间，由此可知，它巩固了不平等的家庭负担。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些活动人士要求将工资作为一种切实可行的解决方案，而另一些人则将这一想法视为挑战更深层次系统性问题的工具。A. challenge挑战；B. facilitate促进；C. evaluate评价；D. generalize概括。根据句中“while”可知，上下文为对比关系，由此可知，一些人认为是可行方案，而另一些人则认为这一想法挑战了更深层次系统性问题。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：例如，这可能意味着，支付农民支持自然而不是生产粮食的费用，补偿艺术家创作促进社会反思的作品，而不是简单地为商业成功生产大规模的作品。A. after all毕竟；B. in turn轮流；C. for instance例如；D. in fact事实上。根据句中“paying farmers to support nature rather than produce food”可知，这是对上文如何重视女性劳动问题的一个例子，“for instance”意为“例如”，符合语境。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动提倡对所有形式的创造性和培育性工作进行经济补偿，无论是人类还是地球。A. receives收到；B. symbolizes象征；C. quantifies量化；D. advocates提倡。根据句中“financial compensation for all forms of creative and nurturing work”可知，“对所有形式的创造性和培育性工作进行经济补偿”是该运动提倡的做法。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅仅是一个我们是否重视没有价格标签的工作的问题，而是当我们不珍惜真正丰富我们生活和社会的东西时所造成的重大损失。A. target profit目标利润；B. price tag价格标签；C. market share市场份额；D. production cost生产成本。根据上文内容和句中“what truly enriches our lives and society”可知，本文谈论的是女性的家务劳动所创造的价值没有得到足够的重视，由此可知，这是没有价格标签的工作。故选B项。 Section B Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. （A） For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 36. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 37. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 38. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. (多年来，Leon和Jo Martin欢迎春天来到我们镇上，他们是冰雪皇后的老板。每年，在佛罗里达过完冬天后，他们都会在招牌上写上“招聘”。我走过那里，看到招牌，看到Leon和Jo准备迎接春天的到来，感觉到了冬天的离去)”可知，镇上的冰雪皇后店铺在冬天结束时开始招聘，准备营业。由此可知，它过去通常在冬天关门。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. (秋天，当第一片叶子落在地上时，Bill穿上他的卡哈特外套，直到春天才脱下来)”可知，Bill Eddy不再穿他的卡哈特外套了意味着春天到来了，即冬天结束了。需注意第二段中“When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. (当小镇西部边缘的工具商店，也就是Johnston的IGA杂货店的所在地，停止销售扫雪机，开始销售割草机时，这是一个很好的迹象，表明冬天即将结束)”提到Johnston的IGA杂货店开始出售割草机是冬天即将结束的一个迹象，并不意味着冬天结束了。故选B项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. (Frank的声明像任何时钟一样可靠，而且总是夹杂着担忧和遗憾，如果志愿者不来，这可能是最后一年的炸鱼)”和第四段中““We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. (“我们不再年轻了，”他宣布。Frank已经82岁了，但他从1961年起就一直这么说，所以我们贵格会教徒并不担心)”可知，Frank一直担心志愿者不来，无法继续春季炸鱼活动，但是这么多年来这个活动一直在继续。由此可知，画线部分表示“一定会继续经营下去”。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. (如果你留心的话，还有其他春天的迹象)”可知，作者通过描述小镇上多个预示春天到来的传统和迹象，如冰雪皇后的招牌、工具店的变化、春季炸鱼声明、水管工的外套等，反映了小镇居民对春天的敏感和期待，展现了当地社区的文化和记忆。因此，C项“我怎么知道春天到了”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （B） There are many ways to get involved and volunteer at the National Museum of American History. Becoming a Museum Ambassador is one of them. To learn more about this volunteer program, please see the descriptions below. Museum Ambassadors at the American History Museum are a mobile source of information that helps bridge the gap between two other volunteer groups here at the museum — information desk specialists, who provide orientation (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and volunteer docents (讲师), who provide Highlights tours, facilitate hands-on demonstrations and circulate through many of our exhibitions to interact with visitors. Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest. The museum has also employed the Museum Ambassadors to assist with special projects and events as needed. To learn more about what Museum Ambassadors do, check out what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadors, we get to share in the curiosity of a child, the nostalgia (怀旧) of returning visitors, the treasure hunt of students assigned to find important historical objects, and the amazement of those experiencing our eye on the nation's history for the first time. We can help recommend a meaningful museum visit just for you. There's more. We're also traffic cops when elevators and escalators break and extra eyes for museum security." If you enjoy… •interacting with diverse audiences, age groups and learning styles. •working in an often busy and changing environment. If you have… •strong interpersonal and communication skills. •an interest in history and communication. If you can… commit to three shifts a month (weekday Ambassadors) or twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). The museum is open 364 days a year, including weekends and holidays. •handle frequent walking, standing, and talking. To Apply To learn more information about the application process, please contact Ruth Shirley. NOTE: Acceptance into the program is subject to successful completion of an interview and background investigation. 40. Which one is the responsibility of Museum Ambassadors? A. To receive visitors at the entrance. B. To take full charge of museum security. C. To direct visitors to their exhibitions of interest. D. To help visitors with hands-on demonstrations 41. A qualified Museum Ambassador should________. A. enjoy communicating with people B. speak at least two foreign languages C. have academic background in history D. commit to working three shifts at weekends 42. The author writes this passage mainly to__________. A. introduce volunteer programs for teenagers B. provide special tours to meet different needs C. invite people to visit the American History Museum D. attract potential applicants for Museum Ambassadors 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要通过介绍博物馆大使这个志愿者工作，来吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest.(每年，我们的博物馆大使所做的是欢迎游客，在博物馆的公共区域巡回且回答游客的基本问题，并引导参观者参观感兴趣的项目和展览，通过做这些，我们的博物馆大使帮助了超过10万人，使他们在自己的旅游参观中有最大的收获。)”可知，博物馆大使的职责之一就是引导游客参观他们感兴趣的展览。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据If you have…部分“•strong interpersonal and communication skills.•an interest in history and communication. (较强的人际交往和沟通能力。对历史和沟通有兴趣。)”可知，一个合格的博物馆大使应该是喜欢与人交流和沟通，A项“enjoy communicating with people (喜欢和人交流)”符合，B项“speak at least two foreign languages (至少会说两种外语)”文中没有提到，C项“have academic background in history (具有历史学术背景)”文中也没有提到，文中只提到对历史感兴趣，所以C不对；根据If you can…部分中“twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). (一月两次换班（周末大使）)”可知，D选项“commit to working three shifts at weekends (承诺周末三班倒)”不符，故选A。 3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段主要介绍了成为博物馆大使，可以在美国历史博物馆做志愿者。第二段主要介绍了博物馆大使的职责。第三段介绍了成为博物馆大使的一些好处。接着文章从申请人的意愿，条件，要求，申请等几个方面介绍博物馆大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是为了吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士，故选D。 （C） Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex). Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli. Before we act on the amygdala’s signals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly. The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously. After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option. Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice. 43. Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies. B. To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out. C. To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex. D. To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity. 44. What does the amygdala do according to the passage? A. It works out conscious thoughts and emotions. B. It selects the best action plan for a given situation. C. It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made. D. It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses. 45. What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity. B. The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice. C. Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first. D. The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision. 46. How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process? A. By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice. B. By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly. C. By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives. D. By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在做决定时，大脑中杏仁核的活动及其他部位的活动情况，因此在做决定之前可以做一些刺激身体或精神的事情，来帮助你的大脑产生最初的伽马波。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。第一段最后两句提到“Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex).”（脑成像研究表明，一个人的行为可以在他们意识到自己将要采取行动之前10秒通过他们的大脑活动来预测。多项神经科学研究表明，即使是那些让人感觉已经做出的重要决定，也和膝跳反应一样是自动的(尽管更复杂)。）可知，膝跳反应是一种最简单的二元反射，几乎不需要时间就会有相应的反应，而文中将做决定这一大脑活动和膝跳反应作类比，说明大脑在做决定时也是下意识的反应。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。第二段提到“Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli.”（决策始于杏仁核：埋藏在大脑深处的一组两个杏仁状的核，产生情感。杏仁核记录了通过我们的感官流入的信息，并在不到一秒的时间内做出反应，将信号发送到整个大脑。根据杏仁核对各种刺激的评价，这些刺激会产生奔跑、战斗、冻结或抓取的冲动。）由此判断，杏仁核会产生情感，并针对感官接受的信息做出相对应的行为刺激。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。第四段第二句提到“Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision.”（频率在25到100赫兹之间的快速(伽马)波，能让人敏锐地意识到需要考虑的多种因素，从而做出决定。）大脑在做决定之前，会考虑各种信息，第五段提到“After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option.”（在这个比较阶段之后，大脑切换到慢波活动(12到30赫兹)。这就消除了大部分的伽马活动，只留下一个伽马波的“热点”，它标志着被选中的选项。）在大脑经过快速伽马波对信息的处理后，会进入到慢伽马波活动，这时会留下一个“热点”，这就是人们所做好的决定。由此判断，大脑在做决定之前是会通过高速伽马波活动处理很多信息的，然后在慢速伽马波活动中作最终的决定。故选B。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到“ Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. ”（虽然在你的大脑之外没有“你”来指导它做什么，但你可以通过把自己放在一个可能使过程更顺利进行的环境中来帮助它做出正确的决定。在做决定之前做一些刺激身体或精神的事情会帮助你的大脑产生最初的伽马波，从而产生对抉择的意识。）可知，在做决定之前，把自己放在一个可能使过程更顺利进行的环境中可以帮助大脑做出正确的决定，刺激身体和精神可以产生最初产生的伽马波，从而产生抉择意识。因此推断通过让大脑更清楚地意识到所涉及的因素和选择有助于做出决策。故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Importance of Ethics (道德准则) Two 1996 studies indicate the importance of the study of ethics to students in journalism and mass communications programs. A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. _____47_____ Also, media organizations have told educators that they value students’ critical-thinking and problem-solving skills and their sense of ethics. However, reasons for studying ethics go beyond what potential employers desire. Proper behavior is necessary for growth and order. If one objective of an education is to promote the growth and development of the individual, then the place to start is with personal behavior. Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. _____48_____ Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. _____49_____ It sets “rules” for proper human activity and as a result promotes growth, development, and order in individual lives. _____50_____ Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. Nevertheless, people must realize that without a large number of individuals “doing the right thing”, society would not be doing much at all except fighting for survival and trying to figure out an increasingly chaotic world. Things are bad enough with ethics; think how bad they might be without them. A. Ethical behavior could play the same role. B. Think, for example, of the order required to move traffic on roads and highways. C. Ethics promotes not only a better individual but also a better society. D. The other study noted that 44 percent of the responding schools required students to complete an ethics course. E. In conclusion, ethics seeks to resolve moral problems by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong. F. Ethics, however, is not a magic cure-all. 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了道德准则学习对学生的重要性、作用及存在的局限性。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. (一项对全国73所大学媒体道德学课程的调查显示，报名人数持续上升)”可知，媒体道德学课程的报名人数在上升，空处承接上文，D项“另一项研究指出，44% 的受访学校要求学生完成一门道德学课程”能够承接上文，进一步举例说明两项研究表明道德学习对新闻与大众传播专业学生的重要性，符合语境。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据上文“Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. (培养正确与错误、适当与不适当的意识，不仅会促进个人生活的秩序，还会促进整个社会的秩序)”可知，道德观念对个人和社会秩序的促进作用，下文“Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. (设定速度限制，指示正确的方向，并提出许多建议——例如，安全带——以使汽车旅行合理安全和高效)”以道路上的交通秩序为例，说明规则对于维护秩序的重要性。B选项“例如，想想在道路上和公路上移动交通所需的秩序”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. (没有秩序，没有道路上的“规则”，旅行就会变得混乱。秩序是必要的)”可知，秩序和规则对于维护交通等重要领域的重要性，空处承接上文，A项“道德行为可以起到同样的作用”将秩序和道德行为类比，道德行为也发挥着与秩序类似的作用，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 根据下文“Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. (并非每一个问题都是道德问题，而且即使出现了道德问题，人们有时也会做出错误的道德决策，或者他们做出了正确的道德决策，却导致了意想不到的负面后果)”可知，道德准则并不是万能的，它不能解决所有问题，有时甚至会带来负面后果，F项“然而，道德并不是万能的灵丹妙药”能概括段落主旨，引出下文对道德局限性的阐述，符合语境。故选F。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Evolution and War Will there ever be an end to war? The majority of the attendees on my current anthropology (人类学)course answered a definite “No”. Their response was largely predictable, given that we see so many images of the military, its machinery and weapons, war-torn cities and sad civilians. The media reminds us of the number of ongoing conflicts around the world. There seems to be a general impression that there is no hope of a peaceful life on the planet, so long as there is human life. Some anthropologists claim that conflict is natural, in so far as it is an intrinsic part of human nature to be aggressive. Primates (灵长类动物), our closest living relatives, also have a tendency towards violence. Therefore, it is easy to draw the conclusion that humans fight because it is an inevitable part of our nature. However, are we wrong to make this assumption? While primates can display exceptional levels of violence towards outsiders, they are also capable of settling conflicts and can even avoid conflict when they perceive that there is a strategic advantage in doing so. Put more simply, some primates, like apes and monkeys, will only fight if they believe they can win or escape punishment. Surely, then, humans have the capacity to avoid hostility too. There is already some evidence that the world’s major powers have realized the lose-lose scenario that would follow nuclear conflict, as many governments are currently discussing arms reduction programmes. So are there more ways to avoid conflict? The more instinctively peaceful primates are ones with access to plentiful food, and this should tell us something basic about human conflict. If human populations were more willing to distribute their food, fuel and other natural resources more equitably, there would be less reason to fight. Even if our motive simply sharing is technically self-centred, this is irrelevant because in the long term it makes sense for us to do so. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although the media and some anthropologists view war as inevitable due to innate human aggression, primates actually avoid conflict strategically. Similarly, major powers pursue arms reduction to avoid the lose-lose outcome of nuclear war. Equitable resource distribution, even if self-serving, can reduce conflict incentives and ultimately promote peace. 【解析】 【导语】本文探讨了战争是否不可避免这一话题，反驳了战争源于人类本性的观点，指出灵长类动物及人类均可战略性避免冲突，并提出了通过资源公平分配实现和平的有效途径。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① The media reminds us of the number of ongoing conflicts around the world. There seems to be a general impression that there is no hope of a peaceful life on the planet, so long as there is human life.Some anthropologists claim that conflict is natural, in so far as it is an intrinsic part of human nature to be aggressive. ② While primates can display exceptional levels of violence towards outsiders, they are also capable of settling conflicts and can even avoid conflict when they perceive that there is a strategic advantage in doing so. ③ Surely, then, humans have the capacity to avoid hostility too. There is already some evidence that the world's major powers have realized the lose-lose scenario that would follow nuclear conflict, as many governments are currently discussing arms reduction programmes. ④ If human populations were more willing to distribute their food, fuel and other natural resources more equitably, there would be less reason to fight. 2.缜密构思 将第①点作为背景与错误观点，第②、③点整合为反驳依据与现实行动，第④点作为核心解决策略与最终结论。 3.遣词造句 Although the media and some anthropologists view war as inevitable due to innate human aggression, primates actually avoid conflict strategically. Similarly, major powers pursue arms reduction to avoid the lose‑lose outcome of nuclear war. Equitable resource distribution, even if self‑serving, can reduce conflict incentives and ultimately promote peace. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Although the media and some anthropologists view war as inevitable due to innate human aggression, primates actually avoid conflict strategically.（运用了“Although”引导让步状语从句） 【高分句型2】Similarly, major powers pursue arms reduction to avoid the lose-lose outcome of nuclear war.（运用了动词不定式短语作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年进才中学高三下英语3月测评 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everything to Know About the New Chinese AI Tool — DeepSeek DeepSeek is an AI assistant developed by a Chinese company called DeepSeek. Thanks to social media, DeepSeek, a breakthrough new player on the artificial intelligence field, ____1____ (break) the internet for the last few days. Earlier in January, DeepSeek released its AI model, DeepSeek (R1), which competes with leading models like OpenAI’s ChatGPT 01. Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was ____2____ (downloaded) app on the iPhone. With a user-friendly design, it’s built to assist with various tasks, from answering questions to performing content, like ChatGPT or Google’s Gemini. The ability to develop high-performing AI models at a fraction of the cost is ____3____ sets DeepSeek apart. DeepSeek shows ____4____ competition and innovation will make AI cheaper and therefore more useful. But ____5____ the American AI giants, which usually have free versions but impose fees to access their higher-operating AI engines and gain more queries, DeepSeek is all free to ____6____ (use). It also quickly launched an AI image generator this week called Janus-Pro, ____7____ aim is to take on Dall-E3, Stable Diffusion and Leonardo in the US. ____8____ (Found) in 2023 by a hedge fund manager, Liang Wenfeng, the company is headquartered in Hangzhou, China, and specializes in developing open-source large language models. Developers can customize it to their needs ____9____ it’s an open-source platform. Little known before January, the AT assistant launch has fueled optimism for AI innovation, _____10_____ (challenge) the dominance of US tech giants that rely on massive investments in chips/data centers and energy. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dampening B. desperately C. extensively D. gains E. impact F. launched G. revolutionary H. sandwiched I. securing J. shaved K. wear Do better shoes help you run faster? Modern competitive running entered a new era in 2016, when Nike began distributing a prototype trainer to elite runners. The new shoes were designed to look like Nike’s top publicly available model, the Zoom Streak 6, but the soles featured a(n)_____11_____new design. And regular runners were able to get their hands on them in 2017 when the company_____12_____the Zoom Vaporfly 4%, the first true super shoe. “Most super shoes follow the same pattern,” explains Jens Jakob Andersen, founder of RunRepeat, a website that “road-tests” trainers. Typically have curved soles made of a hard carbon plate_____13_____between layers of specially engineered springy foam. The carbon plate is often very thick — up to 40mm tall at the heel. These features make running easier. Platformed soles encourage a slightly longer stride, which means fewer steps per kilometre. And a soft base, which absorbs_____14_____before bouncing back up, eases the pressure on leg muscles. The results speak for themselves. Studies estimate that the high-tech trainers have_____15_____between one and four minutes off elite marathon times. Regular runners benefit too. In 2019 the New York Times analyzed real-world marathon data to measure the speed_____16_____owed to Nike’s Vaporfly. They found that runners wearing super shoes completed races 4-5% faster than those in average trainers. However,_____17_____this extra speed demands a substantial expenditure. Adidas’s top model, the Pro Evo 1—worn by Ethiopia’s Tigst Assefa during her record-breaking Berlin marathon in 2023—cost $500. And, as the miles add up, most super shoes quickly lose grip and the foam in the sole wears out,_____18_____their signature springiness. So, with a big race approaching, runners may wonder about the best sneaker strategy. Mr. Andersen’s opinion, super shoes should be broken in a little: he suggests around 20-50km of pre-race use, to improve race-day performance since some foams get bouncier after a small amount of_____19_____. Buying a new pair of shoes for every race makes an expensive habit, but it could be worth it for those______20______chasing a personal best. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Attitudes have Shifted, but the Burden hasn’t In 1987, just under half the population — 48% — still believed that a man’s main job was to earn money, and a woman’s to look after the home, according to the British Social Attitudes survey. By 2022 that had dived to 9%. Yet the proportion of women in full-time jobs has _____21_____, the burden of domestic labour still falls unfairly on their shoulders at home, even when they are the main breadwinners. Beliefs have been transformed, but behaviour has proved _____22_____. Globally, the UN has reported that women do at least two-and-a-half times more household and care work than men, _____23_____ to 10% — 39% of the gross domestic product of member states. In the US, analysis suggests that women — who make up half of the paid workforce — _____24_____ almost 80% of the unpaid domestic work: worth around $3.6 trillion a year. Yet this labour is not included in GDP and in many countries is _____25_____ acknowledged when it comes to divorce. So a new book on a half-century-old campaign — Wages for Housework: The Story of a Movement, an Idea, a Promise—offers food for thought today. Prof Emily Callaci _____26_____ the history and impact of the polarising feminist Marxist movement that originated in the UK in the 1970s, and that is still _____27_____ in today’s world. “They say it’s love—we say it’s unwaged work,” wrote Silvia Federici, one of the founders of the campaign. It was not just that women’s labour was going unrecognised and unrewarded, and that women lacked _____28_____, as a result, unable to do without the other half’s support. It was also about recognising that women’s unpaid work is integral to capitalism, _____29_____ the souls and bodies needed for paid work with smiles as well as hot suppers. The movement was international, but it was always a small strand in the ways of feminism and it remained controversial, with some of the key figures in distinct ______30______. Many saw it as inviting capitalism into the home, driving restriction to that domestic space, and ______31______ the unequal domestic burden. Some activists demanded wages as a practical solution, while others saw the idea as a tool to ______32______ deeper systemic issues. In Prof Callaci’s words, it was “the starting point for a more fundamental transformation of our political imagination: the visualizing of a world that centres on care rather than capitalist growth, the destruction of the environment, and pointless productivity”. That might mean, ______33______, paying farmers to support nature rather than produce food, compensating artists to create works that promote social reflection rather than simply produce mass-produced pieces for commercial success. The movement ______34______ financial compensation for all forms of creative and nurturing work, whether that be of people or the planet. It is not merely a matter of whether we place value on the work that doesn’t come with the ______35______ — but rather about the significant loss when we fail to cherish what truly enriches our lives and society. 21. A. bubbled B. dawned C. snowballed D. stormed 22. A. persistent B. extensive C. objective D. fundamental 23. A. parallel B. subject C. relative D. equivalent 24. A. consist in B. take on C. bring up D. look over 25. A. unintentionally B. impractically C. insufficiently D. unlawfully 26. A. initiates B. catalogues C. overturns D. prioritizes 27. A. relevant B. definite C. dominant D. recreational 28. A. attachment B. cooperation C. reliability D. autonomy 29. A. transferring B. instructing C. sustaining D. exploiting 30. A. fields B. camps C. stages D. states 31. A. restoring B. regulating C. neutralizing D. solidifying 32. A. challenge B. facilitate C. evaluate D. generalize 33. A. after all B. in turn C. for instance D. in fact 34. A. receives B. symbolizes C. quantifies D. advocates 35. A. target profit B. price tag C. market share D. production cost Section B Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. （A） For years, spring in our town was welcomed by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, after their winter stay in Florida, they would post the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past, see the sign, see Leon and Jo readying for their spring opening, and feel winter’s departure. It was as accurate an indication of spring as any calendar. When they died and their children sold the Dairy Queen to an out-of-town outfit who kept it open year-round, it threw off our town’s circadian rhythms (生物钟). Something terrible. We’re still not sure when spring begins. Well, that’s not entirely accurate. When the implement store on the west edge of town, where Johnston’s IGA grocery store used to be, stops selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers, that’s a pretty good sign winter is coming to an end. If they should drop the ball, Frank Gladden is sure to stand at our Quaker meeting and announce that volunteers are needed for our spring fish fry. Frank’s announcement is as reliable as any clock and invariably mixed with worry and regret that this might be the last year of the fish fry if volunteers aren’t forthcoming. “We’re not getting any younger,” he announces. Frank is 82 years old, but he’s been saying that since 1961, so we Quakers aren’t alarmed. The Fairfield Friends Fish Fry is as constant as sunrise. But let us suppose both the implement store and Frank Gladden neglect their duties and we are cast adrift, unaware of spring’s arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Eddy, our town’s plumber, was wearing a coat. When the first leaf falls to the ground in the autumn, Bill pulls on his Carhartt coat and doesn’t remove it until spring. I’ve known Bill since we were in first grade together, so I know well about his habits. He wears that Carhartt everywhere, inside and outside. There are other signs of spring if one is watchful. The deer lighten in color, the dog sheds, the buds swell, the snow melts on the south hillside, and the bloodroot in our woodlot pushes out its petals. The calf (牛犊) appears, following its mother because of hunger. Who needs a calendar when a calf is nearby? 36. What can be learned about the Dairy Queen from the first paragraph? A. It was moved to Florida. B. It used to be closed in winter. C. It is now owned by Leon and Jo’s children. D. It has several branches out of the town. 37. According to the writer, which of the following is a sign that winter is over? A. The deer turns into a darker color. B. Bill Eddy stops wearing his Carhartt coat. C. The Quaker meeting starts to call for volunteers. D. Johnston’s IGA grocery store starts to sell lawn mowers. 38. By “as constant as sunrise”, the writer means that the Fairfield Friends Fish Fry ________. A. has a long history B. makes excellent fried fish C. opens very early every day D. is sure to continue its business 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Why I Love Spring B. Every Changing Spring C. How I Know It’s Spring D. Spring: All Comes to Life （B） There are many ways to get involved and volunteer at the National Museum of American History. Becoming a Museum Ambassador is one of them. To learn more about this volunteer program, please see the descriptions below. Museum Ambassadors at the American History Museum are a mobile source of information that helps bridge the gap between two other volunteer groups here at the museum — information desk specialists, who provide orientation (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and volunteer docents (讲师), who provide Highlights tours, facilitate hands-on demonstrations and circulate through many of our exhibitions to interact with visitors. Each year, our Museum Ambassadors help over 100,000 people get the most out of their visits by welcoming groups, circulating throughout the museum's public zones to answer basic questions, and directing visitors to programs and exhibitions of interest. The museum has also employed the Museum Ambassadors to assist with special projects and events as needed. To learn more about what Museum Ambassadors do, check out what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadors, we get to share in the curiosity of a child, the nostalgia (怀旧) of returning visitors, the treasure hunt of students assigned to find important historical objects, and the amazement of those experiencing our eye on the nation's history for the first time. We can help recommend a meaningful museum visit just for you. There's more. We're also traffic cops when elevators and escalators break and extra eyes for museum security." If you enjoy… •interacting with diverse audiences, age groups and learning styles. •working in an often busy and changing environment. If you have… •strong interpersonal and communication skills. •an interest in history and communication. If you can… commit to three shifts a month (weekday Ambassadors) or twice a month (weekend Ambassadors). The museum is open 364 days a year, including weekends and holidays. •handle frequent walking, standing, and talking. To Apply To learn more information about the application process, please contact Ruth Shirley. NOTE: Acceptance into the program is subject to successful completion of an interview and background investigation. 40. Which one is the responsibility of Museum Ambassadors? A. To receive visitors at the entrance. B. To take full charge of museum security. C. To direct visitors to their exhibitions of interest. D. To help visitors with hands-on demonstrations 41. A qualified Museum Ambassador should________. A. enjoy communicating with people B. speak at least two foreign languages C. have academic background in history D. commit to working three shifts at weekends 42. The author writes this passage mainly to__________. A. introduce volunteer programs for teenagers B. provide special tours to meet different needs C. invite people to visit the American History Museum D. attract potential applicants for Museum Ambassadors （C） Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex). Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli. Before we act on the amygdala’s signals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly. The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously. After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option. Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice. 43. Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph? A. To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies. B. To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out. C. To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex. D. To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity. 44. What does the amygdala do according to the passage? A. It works out conscious thoughts and emotions. B. It selects the best action plan for a given situation. C. It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made. D. It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses. 45. What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity. B. The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice. C. Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first. D. The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision. 46. How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process? A. By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice. B. By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly. C. By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives. D. By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Importance of Ethics (道德准则) Two 1996 studies indicate the importance of the study of ethics to students in journalism and mass communications programs. A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment. _____47_____ Also, media organizations have told educators that they value students’ critical-thinking and problem-solving skills and their sense of ethics. However, reasons for studying ethics go beyond what potential employers desire. Proper behavior is necessary for growth and order. If one objective of an education is to promote the growth and development of the individual, then the place to start is with personal behavior. Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. _____48_____ Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made — Seat belts, for example — so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. Without order, the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic. Order is necessary. _____49_____ It sets “rules” for proper human activity and as a result promotes growth, development, and order in individual lives. _____50_____ Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem is present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. Nevertheless, people must realize that without a large number of individuals “doing the right thing”, society would not be doing much at all except fighting for survival and trying to figure out an increasingly chaotic world. Things are bad enough with ethics; think how bad they might be without them. A. Ethical behavior could play the same role. B. Think, for example, of the order required to move traffic on roads and highways. C. Ethics promotes not only a better individual but also a better society. D. The other study noted that 44 percent of the responding schools required students to complete an ethics course. E. In conclusion, ethics seeks to resolve moral problems by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong. F. Ethics, however, is not a magic cure-all. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Evolution and War Will there ever be an end to war? The majority of the attendees on my current anthropology (人类学)course answered a definite “No”. Their response was largely predictable, given that we see so many images of the military, its machinery and weapons, war-torn cities and sad civilians. The media reminds us of the number of ongoing conflicts around the world. There seems to be a general impression that there is no hope of a peaceful life on the planet, so long as there is human life. Some anthropologists claim that conflict is natural, in so far as it is an intrinsic part of human nature to be aggressive. Primates (灵长类动物), our closest living relatives, also have a tendency towards violence. Therefore, it is easy to draw the conclusion that humans fight because it is an inevitable part of our nature. However, are we wrong to make this assumption? While primates can display exceptional levels of violence towards outsiders, they are also capable of settling conflicts and can even avoid conflict when they perceive that there is a strategic advantage in doing so. Put more simply, some primates, like apes and monkeys, will only fight if they believe they can win or escape punishment. Surely, then, humans have the capacity to avoid hostility too. There is already some evidence that the world’s major powers have realized the lose-lose scenario that would follow nuclear conflict, as many governments are currently discussing arms reduction programmes. So are there more ways to avoid conflict? The more instinctively peaceful primates are ones with access to plentiful food, and this should tell us something basic about human conflict. If human populations were more willing to distribute their food, fuel and other natural resources more equitably, there would be less reason to fight. Even if our motive simply sharing is technically self-centred, this is irrelevant because in the long term it makes sense for us to do so. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $