内容正文:
专题09 句子成分、句子种类、基本句型及特殊句型
考点
课标要求
命题预测
句子成分、句子种类和基本句型
掌握陈述句和疑问句的疑问句的语序;一般疑问句和特殊疑问句、反义疑问句句型结构。掌握祈使句和感叹句句型结构。
理解并熟练运用五种基本句型和there be句型。
句子成分、基本句型、句子种类和there be句型和倒装句的考点常以语法选择、语法填空、完成句子、读写综合、书面表达的形式进行考查。
考查的命题点有:疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和there be 句型是中考重点。具体考点:there be 时态和主谓一致;祈使句肯定句和否定句表达;感叹句中what 和how的辨析;特殊疑问句疑问词的选择及回答。
1. (2024·广东省·中考真题) a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
A.There is B.It is C.They are
2.(2024·广州·中考真题)这是一次多么有意义的经历啊!
experience it is!
3.(2023·广东省·中考真题) excited David was!
A.How B.What C.What an
4.(2023·广州·中考真题)他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊!
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. project it is!
5.(2023·广州·中考真题)“Chirp! Chirp! at me!” Little Six cried happily while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up.
A.Look B.Looks C.To look D.Looking
6.(2022·广州·中考真题)学校科学日很精彩。凯特小组真高兴!
The school Science Day was wonderful. ______ ______ Kate’s group were!
7.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob?
—For about half an hour.
A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many
8.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—________ do the notebooks cost?
—They are five yuan each.
A.How much B.How many C.How often D.How long
9.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.
—Exactly. I simply can’t wait!
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
10.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.
A.What B.What a C.How D.What an
11.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ______ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best?
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
12.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补
13.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语
14.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—The old man never feels lonely, ________?
—No, because he has many friends.
A.does he B.won’t he C.doesn’t he
15.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum.
A.does B.did C.do
一、句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s; 谓语(predicate)---v
次要句子成分:宾语(object)---o; 定语(attribute)---attr; 状语(adverbial)---adv;
补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p; 同位语(Appositive)等。
· 主语
概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。
充当:通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
语序:正常:主语+谓语; 全部倒装:谓语+主语; 部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。
David arrived last night.(名词作主语)
That's OK. (代词)
Two will be enough.(数词)
To do morning exercises is good for our health.(不定式)
Seeing is believing.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词)
What he said is not true.(主语从句)
· 谓语
概念和位置: 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当,由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。
一般位于主语之后。
充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当,谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。
(1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese.
(2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well.
(3)助V +V I have seen this man before.
· 宾语
概念:表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;有的动词后可以跟两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语,把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。
位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。
充当:通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
1. 名词或相当于名词的短语I accepted your wise advice.
2.代词或相当于代词的短语All of us like him.
3.数词或数词短语Give me four.
4. the + 形容词表示一类人They teach the blind to read.
5.不定式或不定式短语He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say.
6.动名词或动名词短语He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading.
7.从句I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us.
· 表语
概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与系动词一起构成复合谓语。
位置:位于系动词之后。
充当:通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
1.形容词I feel much better today.
2.代词The book is mine.
3.名词或名词所有格They are my students.
4.数词His telephone number is 88888888.
5.副词They are over there.
6.介词短语They are in trouble.
7.不定式短语My dream is to go to college.
8.动词ing短语His hobby is collecting stamps.
9.过去分词短语My camera is broken.
10.从句The truth is what he said just now.
· 定语
概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语;
位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰any-,some-,no, every-等构成的单词,如something 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。
充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
1.形容词或相同于形容词的结构He is a kind-hearted man./He is a 15-year-old student.
2.冠词或代词This book is Mine./The boy was Tom./My father was washing his car.
3.名词或名词所有格He bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Tom's father.
4.数词Three boys are running along the bank./You are the first one here.
5.副词The boy there needs a pen./He is on his way home.
6.介词短语Do you know the boy in the first row?/The girl in a dress is his sister.
7.不定式短语I have a lot of work to do./ The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
8.动词ing短语Let me tell you a moving story./Horses are grass-eating animals./The smiling boy needs a pen.
9.过去分词短语 The boy needs a pen bought by his mother./In the fall we can see a lot of fallen leaves.
10.从句The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.
· 状语
概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。
位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。
充当:通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。
1.副词或副词短语作状语He speaks English very well.
2.介词短语作状语The boy was praised for his bravery.
3.动词不定式短语The box is too heavy for me to lift.
4.动词ing短语Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out .
5.过去分词短语Written in a hurry, the article was not so good.
6.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
· 补语
概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。
充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.(形容词做宾补)
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.(名词短语作宾补)
3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. (过去分词短语作宾补)
· 同位语
概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。
1. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词)
My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
二、句子种类
句子种类
用 法
示 例
1. 陈述句
用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。
This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。
We didn’t go to school yesterday.
我们昨天没上学。
2. 疑问句
用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种,初中阶段要求掌握前三种。
(1)一般疑问句
用yes或no回答的问句。
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗?
(2)特殊疑问句
需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词:what什么,what time几点,when何时,where何地,why为什么,which哪个,who谁,whom(宾格)谁,whose谁的,how如何,how old多大年纪,how much多少,how many多少,how often多久一次,how far多远,how long多久,how soon多久以后
Who is your English teacher?
你们的英语老师是谁?
How many people are there in your family?
你家里有几口人?
Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的?
How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的?
Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上?
How long have you studied English?
你学英语多久了?
(3)选择疑问句
选择部分由连词or连接。
What would you like, tea or coffee?
你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?
Are you going to the cinema or the library?
你是去电影院还是图书馆?
3. 祈使句
表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
否定形式:Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。
为了使语气显得客气,可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时,前面一般要加一个逗号。
Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
Be quiet! 安静!
Don’t talk loud in the library.
别在图书馆里大声喧哗。
Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。
Please come this way. 请这边走。
Sit down, please. 请坐。
4. 感叹句
表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导,句末用感叹号。
(1)what引导的感叹句(中心词是名词)
·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊!
What an interesting book it is!
这是一本多么有趣的书啊!
What beautiful flowers they are!
这些花多么漂亮呀!
What nice weather we have today!
今天天气真好!
(2)how引导的感叹句(中心词是形容词或副词)
·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)!
·How+副词(+主语+谓语)!
How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦!
How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快!
三、5种基本句型和there be句型
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +link-V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型一:S +V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:
1.Time flies.
2. Everybody laughed.
3. I woke very soon.
4. They talked for half an hour.
5. He walked yesterday .
基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表)
此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. Everything looks different.
4. He is tall and strong.
5. The weather became warmer.
基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. Who knows the answer?
2. She laugh at her.
3. Danny likes donuts.
基本句型四:S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
1. She passed him a new dress.
2. He brought you a dictionary.
3. He bought her nothing.
4. I gave him a hand.
5. I told me how to run the machine.
基本句型五:S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1. We keep the table clean.
2. They call supper dinner.
3. What makes him sad?
4. We saw him out.
5. He asked me to come back soon.
6. I saw them getting on the bus.
There be 句型:There be动词+主语+地点状语
四、倒装句
倒装句是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句,主要考查学生在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装,以及"so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语"的用法。
部分倒装
倒装条件
例句
一般疑问句中,将助动词放到主语之前,构成部分倒装。
Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?
特殊疑问句中,疑问词作宾语、表语或状语,需要将其置于句首,将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。
Where have you been these days?
这些天你到哪里去了?
"only+状语/状语从句"位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Only in this way can you improve your grade.
只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。
表示否定意义的词或短语,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 几乎没有一天没有来访者。
虚拟条件句中,从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主语前。
Should we succeed, we would be rich.
我们一旦成功就发财了。
" so... that..."句型中,"so+adj. /adv."位于句首时。
So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他。
表示"也(不) ……"的句式,即"so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语"形式。
I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它,也不在意它。
某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时,如not only…but also,hardly…when,no…sooner…than, not…until等,主句用部分倒装。
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。
May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!
【易错警示】
1.特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则不用倒装。
Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?
2. "so+主语+谓语"结构不用倒装。
—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。
—So he is. 的确。
完全倒装
倒装条件
例句
表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词,如in, out,
up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主
语是名词而不是代词时,句子用完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
Here he comes. 他来了。
分词短语置于句首时,句子用完全倒装
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
There be句型是全倒装的一种
There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。
作表语的such位于句首时
Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!
【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难,需要记住这几点;位置副词there句首,表语such提句前,介词短语表地点,全部倒装谓在前。
【辨析】so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语和neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语的区别
区别
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也……"。
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也不……"。
Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
1.Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
2.He likes music that he can dance to.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语
3.They brought her some food and money.
A.直接宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.间接宾语
4. The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
5. The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect the elders.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
6.You can learn Chinese by reading Chinese classics.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.主语
7.________ a light show this weekend in the city centre.
A.There will B.There will be C.There is going to D.There is going to have
8. The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Lanzhou” is ________ .
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
9. The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure?
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+DO
10. Jenny expects her mother to be healthy.
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
11. The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
12. The sentence structure of “Teachers ask me to finish the homework on time.” is “________”.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+O
13. Which of the sentences has the same structure as “We find the film interesting.”?
A.He looks tired. B.What did she give you?
C.Music makes me happy. D.The boy fell from his bike just now.
14. What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
15. —What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”?
—It is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+O D.S+V+DO+OC
16. The sentence structure (结构) of “He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+DO D.S+V+IO+DO
17.—________ is the bridge?
—It’s about 500 metres long.
A.How far B.How long C.How wide D.How deep
18.(2025·吉林长春·一模)________ him the truth, or your dad will be angry, Tom.
A.Telling B.Told C.Tell D.To tell
19.(2025·吉林长春·一模)________ useful advice you gave me!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
20.(2025·吉林松原·一模)________ beautiful poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night is!
A.What B.How a C.What a
21.—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.
—________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.
A.What B.How C.What an D.How an
22.—______ cold weather it is!
—Yes, it is. I hope it will be warmer later.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
23.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)—________will I get well as before, Doctor Wang?
—In about one month.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
24.(2025·吉林松原·一模)________ action to protect the environment, and the earth will be a better place to live in.
A.Take B.To take C.Taking
25.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)—______ have you lived Dingxi?
—Since my parents found jobs here.
A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How much
26.—Must we come back before five?
—No, you ________. You may come back before six if you like.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.may not
27.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is the boy over there?
—He is my cousin.
A.What B.Who C.Where D.How
28.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ do you study for a test?
—I usually study by making flashcards.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
29.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is it from your home to school?
—About 10 minutes’ walk.
A.How long B.How far C.How often D.How much
30.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ your sister ________ to school yesterday?
—No, she didn’t.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Does; go D.Is; go
31.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)—________ did you come back from the USA?
—Two days ago.
A.Why B.How C.When D.Where
32.(2025·吉林长春·模拟预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ______. You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
33.Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A.is B.are C.was
34.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there?
A.is B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will be
35.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is the boy over there?
—He is my cousin.
A.What B.Who C.Where D.How
36.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ do you study for a test?
—I usually study by making flashcards.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
37.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ your sister ________ to school yesterday?
—No, she didn’t.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Does; go D.Is; go
38.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—________ does your father go to the fitness centre?
—Twice a week.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
39.(2025·吉林长春·模拟预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ______. You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
40.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there?
A.is B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will be
41. Mike ________ a basketball but he ________ a baseball.
A. has; not have B. has; doesn’t have C. has; doesn’t has D. has; isn’t have
42. — ________ are the books?
—They are 59 yuan.
A. What number B. What color C. How old D. How much
43.—Don’t forget to take an umbrella with you. It’ll rain this afternoon.
—________. I will take the raincoat you bought me last week.
A. No, I don’t B. Yes, I do C. No, I won’t D. Yes, I will
44.—Tom has made great progress in English.
—_________. He studied hard.
A.So has he. B.So does he. C.So he has.
45. We can’t find this kind of materials in our country, ________ they.
A.so can B.neither can C.so do D.neither do
2、 完成句子
1.一年有四个季节,陈明最喜欢秋天。
four seasons in a year, and Chen Ming likes autumn best.
2. Thousands of people come to experience it every year. (就划线部分提问)
people come to experience it every year?
3. 你已经选定要学习的传统技能了吗?
you the traditional still to learn yet?
4. 她那天搞得一塌糊涂,难道不是吗?
She made a mess on that day, ?
5. 哪张椅子更舒服,红的还是黑的?
Which chair , the red one the black one?
6. 以后上学不要迟到了。
school any more.
7. 确保你已经背好这些新单词。
you have learnt these new words .
8. 肢体语言是一门多么重要的艺术啊!
art body language is!
9. 对于我这样的英语学习者来说,这是一个多么有用的方法啊!
it is for an English learner like me!
10. 多么有用的讲座啊!我们学到了很多。
it is! We have learned a lot.
3、 翻译句子
1.我的自行车有点问题。它不能工作了。
2. 很多人认为他是个聪明的孩子。
3. 凯特给他送去许多书。(S+V+DO+IO)
4.我父亲将会给我买一台新手机。(S+V+IO+DO)
5.一个人打扫所有的房间是累人的。(汉译英)
6. 大明不仅是个好学生还是个好歌手。(as well as)
7. 我发现记住一切很难。
8. 水对我们来说非常宝贵。让我们共同努力,有所作为。
9.未来将会有更多的汽车。
10.这个购物中心是会见朋友和玩乐的好地方。
11.老师建议孩子们在户外不要玩水。(汉译英)
12.她买了一些特别的东西给她妈妈。
13. 有时他们会嘲笑他,但他从不感到羞耻。
14.这个想法奏效了。(汉译英)
15.你通常怎样使用零花钱?
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专题09 句子成分、句子种类、基本句型及特殊句型
考点
课标要求
命题预测
句子成分、句子种类和基本句型
掌握陈述句和疑问句的疑问句的语序;一般疑问句和特殊疑问句、反义疑问句句型结构。掌握祈使句和感叹句句型结构。
理解并熟练运用五种基本句型和there be句型。
句子成分、基本句型、句子种类和there be句型和倒装句的考点常以语法选择、语法填空、完成句子、读写综合、书面表达的形式进行考查。
考查的命题点有:疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和there be 句型是中考重点。具体考点:there be 时态和主谓一致;祈使句肯定句和否定句表达;感叹句中what 和how的辨析;特殊疑问句疑问词的选择及回答。
1. (2024·广东省·中考真题) a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
A.There is B.It is C.They are
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彼得家附近有一家购物中心。
There is有,It is它是;They are他们是。根据“...a shopping mall near Peter’s home.”可知,附近有一家购物中心。故选A。
2.(2024·广州·中考真题)这是一次多么有意义的经历啊!
experience it is!
【答案】 What a meaningful
【详解】根据题干可知,本句是感叹句,experience是可数名词单数,所以其句型结构为“What +a/an+形容词+可数名单数+主语+谓语”。表达“有意义的”用形容词meaningful,首字母发辅音音素,所以不定冠词用a,故填What;a;meaningful。
3.(2023·广东省·中考真题) excited David was!
A.How B.What C.What an
【答案】 A
【详解】句意:大卫多么激动啊!
How多么,修饰形容词/副词;What多么,修饰名词;What an多么,修饰可数名词单数。感叹句中心词是形容词“excited”,用how引导。故选A。
4.(2023·广州·中考真题)他们还赢得了广东省飞镖比赛冠军。多么棒的项目啊!
They won the Championship of Guangdong Darts Match, too. project it is!
【答案】What a wonderful
【详解】根据题干可知此处是一个感叹句。中心词为可数名词project“项目”,符合结构:What+a/an+形容词+主语+谓语。project是以辅音音素开头,应用a;wonderful“极好的”。故填What a wonderful。
5.(2023·广州·中考真题)“Chirp! Chirp! at me!” Little Six cried happily while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up.
A.Look B.Looks C.To look D.Looking
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“吱吱!吱吱!看我” 小六开心地叫道。
Look看,动词原形;Looks三单形式;To look不定式;Looking现在分词。此处是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选A。
6.(2022·广州·中考真题)学校科学日很精彩。凯特小组真高兴!
The school Science Day was wonderful. ______ ______ Kate’s group were!
【答案】 ①. How ②. happy
【解析】【详解】表达“高兴”用形容词“happy”作表语。句子用“how +形容词+主语+谓语动词”的感叹句结构。句首首字母“h”大写。故填How;happy。
7.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob?
—For about half an hour.
A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——鲍勃,你每天遛狗多久?——大约半个小时。
考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱;how long多长时间;how often多久一次;how many多少。根据“For about half an hour.”可知此处询问时间段,疑问词用how long。故选B。
8.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—________ do the notebooks cost?
—They are five yuan each.
A.How much B.How many C.How often D.How long
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这些笔记本多少钱?——每本五元。
考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱,提问价格;How many多少,修饰可数名词;How often 多久一次,提问频率;How long 多长时间,提问一段时间。根据回答“They are five yuan each.”可知,问句是询问价格,用How much提问。故选A。
9.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.
—Exactly. I simply can’t wait!
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——多好的天气啊!这很适合去野餐。 ——确实不错。我简直等不及了!
考查感叹句。根据“fine weather”可知,中心词weather是不可数名词,结合what+adj.+不可数名词+(主谓)可知,what符合句式结构,故选B。
10.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.
A.What B.What a C.How D.What an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这演讲真有帮助!它告诉我们要安全地使用互联网。
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是形容词helpful,用感叹句结构:how adj.+主谓。故选C。
11.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best?
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个?——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。
考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选A。
12.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allowed to eat in the classroom.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.直宾 D.宾补
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学生们不允许在教室里吃东西。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Students是主语,aren’t allowed是谓语。故选A。
13.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tom was doing his homework carefully.
A.谓语 B.状语 C.主语 D.宾语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆正在认真地做作业。
考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,Tom作主语,was doing作谓语,his homework作宾语,carefully修饰动词doing,表示动作的方式,作状语。故选B。
14.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)—The old man never feels lonely, ________?
—No, because he has many friends.
A.does he B.won’t he C.doesn’t he
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这位老人从不感到孤独,是吗?——是的,因为他有很多朋友。
考查反意疑问句。此处是反意疑问句,遵循“前否后肯,前肯后否”原则。never表否定,故疑问句部分是肯定形式。故选A。
15.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum.
A.does B.did C.do
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“李明,先完成作业,然后你可以看30分钟电视”,他的妈妈说。
考查祈使句。根据“...your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes”可知,此处应是句式“祈使句+and+陈述句”,句中的祈使句应以动词原形开头。故选C。
一、句子成分
英语句子由多个部分构成,各部分在句子中起着不同的作用,这些构成句子的不同部分被称为句子成分。正确分析句子成分是英语成绩得高分的至关要素。
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s; 谓语(predicate)---v
次要句子成分:宾语(object)---o; 定语(attribute)---attr; 状语(adverbial)---adv;
补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p; 同位语(Appositive)等。
· 主语
概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。
充当:通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。
语序:正常:主语+谓语; 全部倒装:谓语+主语; 部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。
David arrived last night.(名词作主语)
That's OK. (代词)
Two will be enough.(数词)
To do morning exercises is good for our health.(不定式)
Seeing is believing.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词)
What he said is not true.(主语从句)
· 谓语
概念和位置: 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当,由简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词之分。
一般位于主语之后。
充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当,谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。
(1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese.
(2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well.
(3)助V +V I have seen this man before.
· 宾语
概念:表示及物动词和及物动词短语的动作对象或内容,或用于介词后构成介词短语;有的动词后可以跟两个宾语,其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语,把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语。
位置: 位于及物动词或介词之后。
充当:通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
1. 名词或相当于名词的短语I accepted your wise advice.
2.代词或相当于代词的短语All of us like him.
3.数词或数词短语Give me four.
4. the + 形容词表示一类人They teach the blind to read.
5.不定式或不定式短语He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say.
6.动名词或动名词短语He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading.
7.从句I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us.
· 表语
概念: 说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与系动词一起构成复合谓语。
位置:位于系动词之后。
充当:通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。
1.形容词I feel much better today.
2.代词The book is mine.
3.名词或名词所有格They are my students.
4.数词His telephone number is 88888888.
5.副词They are over there.
6.介词短语They are in trouble.
7.不定式短语My dream is to go to college.
8.动词ing短语His hobby is collecting stamps.
9.过去分词短语My camera is broken.
10.从句The truth is what he said just now.
· 定语
概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语;
位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰any-,some-,no, every-等构成的单词,如something 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。
充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。
1.形容词或相同于形容词的结构He is a kind-hearted man./He is a 15-year-old student.
2.冠词或代词This book is Mine./The boy was Tom./My father was washing his car.
3.名词或名词所有格He bought a coffee cup yesterday./He is Tom's father.
4.数词Three boys are running along the bank./You are the first one here.
5.副词The boy there needs a pen./He is on his way home.
6.介词短语Do you know the boy in the first row?/The girl in a dress is his sister.
7.不定式短语I have a lot of work to do./ The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
8.动词ing短语Let me tell you a moving story./Horses are grass-eating animals./The smiling boy needs a pen.
9.过去分词短语 The boy needs a pen bought by his mother./In the fall we can see a lot of fallen leaves.
10.从句The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.
· 状语
概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。
位置: 修饰整个句子时放于句首;修饰形容词或副词时放于其后;表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如almost、often 等作状语常放于be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。
充当:通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。
1.副词或副词短语作状语He speaks English very well.
2.介词短语作状语The boy was praised for his bravery.
3.动词不定式短语The box is too heavy for me to lift.
4.动词ing短语Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out .
5.过去分词短语Written in a hurry, the article was not so good.
6.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
· 补语
概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。
充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.(形容词做宾补)
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.(名词短语作宾补)
3. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. (过去分词短语作宾补)
· 同位语
概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。
1. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词)
My friend, Mary, bought a beautiful dress in the department last weekend. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
主语 同位语 谓语 定语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
二、句子种类
句子种类
用 法
示 例
1. 陈述句
用来陈述事实或表达说话者看法的句子。句末用句号。有肯定句和否定句两种形式。
This is a beautiful garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。
We didn’t go to school yesterday.
我们昨天没上学。
2. 疑问句
用来提问的句子。句末用问号。有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种,初中阶段要求掌握前三种。
(1)一般疑问句
用yes或no回答的问句。
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
Do you like singing? 你喜欢唱歌吗?
(2)特殊疑问句
需要使用相应的疑问词来提问。常见的疑问词:what什么,what time几点,when何时,where何地,why为什么,which哪个,who谁,whom(宾格)谁,whose谁的,how如何,how old多大年纪,how much多少,how many多少,how often多久一次,how far多远,how long多久,how soon多久以后
Who is your English teacher?
你们的英语老师是谁?
How many people are there in your family?
你家里有几口人?
Which bike is yours? 哪辆单车是你的?
How did you get there? 你怎么到那儿的?
Whose book is on the floor? 谁的书在地板上?
How long have you studied English?
你学英语多久了?
(3)选择疑问句
选择部分由连词or连接。
What would you like, tea or coffee?
你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?
Are you going to the cinema or the library?
你是去电影院还是图书馆?
3. 祈使句
表示请求、命令、要求、建议等的句子。通常不用主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。
否定形式:Don’t / Never+动词原形+其他。
为了使语气显得客气,可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾时,前面一般要加一个逗号。
Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
Be quiet! 安静!
Don’t talk loud in the library.
别在图书馆里大声喧哗。
Never swim in the river. 不要在河里游泳。
Please come this way. 请这边走。
Sit down, please. 请坐。
4. 感叹句
表示惊喜、愤怒、赞赏等感情的句子。多用what和how引导,句末用感叹号。
(1)what引导的感叹句(中心词是名词)
·What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多可爱的女孩啊!
What an interesting book it is!
这是一本多么有趣的书啊!
What beautiful flowers they are!
这些花多么漂亮呀!
What nice weather we have today!
今天天气真好!
(2)how引导的感叹句(中心词是形容词或副词)
·How+形容词(+主语+谓语)!
·How+副词(+主语+谓语)!
How dirty your hands are! 你的手太脏啦!
How fast the boy is running! 那个男孩跑得真快!
三、5种基本句型和there be句型
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S +link-V +P (主+系+表)
基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +IO +O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型一:S +V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:
1.Time flies.
2. Everybody laughed.
3. I woke very soon.
4. They talked for half an hour.
5. He walked yesterday .
基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表)
此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. Everything looks different.
4. He is tall and strong.
5. The weather became warmer.
基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. Who knows the answer?
2. She laugh at her.
3. Danny likes donuts.
基本句型四:S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
1. She passed him a new dress.
2. He brought you a dictionary.
3. He bought her nothing.
4. I gave him a hand.
5. I told me how to run the machine.
基本句型五:S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1. We keep the table clean.
2. They call supper dinner.
3. What makes him sad?
4. We saw him out.
5. He asked me to come back soon.
6. I saw them getting on the bus.
There be 句型:There be动词+主语+地点状语
四、倒装句
倒装句是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句,主要考查学生在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装,以及"so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语"的用法。
部分倒装
倒装条件
例句
一般疑问句中,将助动词放到主语之前,构成部分倒装。
Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?
特殊疑问句中,疑问词作宾语、表语或状语,需要将其置于句首,将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。
Where have you been these days?
这些天你到哪里去了?
"only+状语/状语从句"位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Only in this way can you improve your grade.
只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。
表示否定意义的词或短语,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 几乎没有一天没有来访者。
虚拟条件句中,从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主语前。
Should we succeed, we would be rich.
我们一旦成功就发财了。
" so... that..."句型中,"so+adj. /adv."位于句首时。
So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他。
表示"也(不) ……"的句式,即"so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语"形式。
I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它,也不在意它。
某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时,如not only…but also,hardly…when,no…sooner…than, not…until等,主句用部分倒装。
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。
May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!
【易错警示】
1.特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则不用倒装。
Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?
2. "so+主语+谓语"结构不用倒装。
—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。
—So he is. 的确。
完全倒装
倒装条件
例句
表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词,如in, out,
up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主
语是名词而不是代词时,句子用完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
Here he comes. 他来了。
分词短语置于句首时,句子用完全倒装
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
There be句型是全倒装的一种
There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。
作表语的such位于句首时
Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!
【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难,需要记住这几点;位置副词there句首,表语such提句前,介词短语表地点,全部倒装谓在前。
【辨析】so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语和neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语的区别
区别
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也……"。
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也不……"。
Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
1.Sad movies make me want to cry.
A.宾语补足语 B.间接宾语 C.直接宾语 D.表语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:悲伤的电影让我想哭。
考查句子成分。Sad movies“悲伤的电影”作主语;make“使”作谓语;me“我”,为宾格,作宾语;want to cry“想哭”作宾语补足语。本句属于:主+谓+宾+宾补结构。故选A。
2.He likes music that he can dance to.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他喜欢能跟着跳舞的音乐。
考查句子成分。分析句子可知,He作主语,likes作谓语,music作宾语,that he can dance to作定语,修饰music。故选C。
3.They brought her some food and money.
A.直接宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.间接宾语
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他们给她带了一些食物和钱。
考查句子成分。They“他们”,作主语;brought“带来”,作谓语;her“她”,为宾格,作间接宾语;some food and money“一些食物和钱”作直接宾语。故选A。
4. The food in Sichuan tastes delicious.
A.宾语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:四川的食物尝起来很美味。
考查句子成分。The food in Sichuan“四川的食物”作主语,tastes“尝起来”为感官动词;delicious“美味的”,在句中作表语。本句属于:主+系+表结构。故选B。
5. The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect the elders.
A.宾语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.主语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:重阳节是敬老的日子。
考查句子成分。The Chongyang Festival作主语;is是系动词;a day to respect the elders作表语,故选D。
6.You can learn Chinese by reading Chinese classics.
A.定语 B.状语 C.表语 D.主语
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你可以通过阅读中国古典文学来学习中文。
考查句子成分。by reading Chinese classics表示学习中文的方式,作状语,用来修饰动词learn,说明学习中文的具体方法。故选B。
7.________ a light show this weekend in the city centre.
A.There will B.There will be C.There is going to D.There is going to have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:本周末市中心将有一场灯光秀。
考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“this weekend”可知,时态为一般将来时,句子为there be句型,其一般将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is/am/are going to be”。故选B。
8. The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Lanzhou” is ________ .
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意:I enjoy living in Lanzhou这句话是主谓宾结构。
考查基本句型。S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+P主+系+表;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+宾+宾;S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补。根据“I enjoy living in Lanzhou”可知,主语I;谓语enjoy;宾语living in Lanzhou。所以句式结构为“S+V+O”。故选A。
9. The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure?
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+DO
【答案】B
【详解】句意:该保护区提供野生动物的食物和栖息地。哪一句是正确的句子结构?
考查句子结构。根据“The reserve gives wildlife food and cover.”可知,“The reserve”为主语,“gives”为谓语动词,wildlife为间接宾语,“food and cover”为直接宾语,所以该句结构为“S+V+IO+DO”。故选B。
10. Jenny expects her mother to be healthy.
A.主语 B.表语 C.宾语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Jenny期望她的妈妈是健康的。
考查句子结构。根据“Jenny expects her mother to be healthy.”可知,Jenny主语;expects谓语;her mother宾语;划线部分to be healthy是动词不定式短语,作宾语补足语。故选D。
11. The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】D
【详解】句意:“My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。
考查句子结构。分析句子可知,my mum是主语S,cooked是谓语V,me是间接宾语IO,a nice meal是直接宾语DO,所以句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选D。
12. The sentence structure of “Teachers ask me to finish the homework on time.” is “________”.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+O
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“Teachers ask me to finish the homework on time”这一句的句子结构是主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语。
考查句子的结构的用法。在“Teachers ask me to finish the homework on time”一句中,teachers是主语(S),ask是谓语(V),me是宾语(DO),to finish the homework on time是对宾语的补充,所以是宾语补足语OC。故选C。
13. Which of the sentences has the same structure as “We find the film interesting.”?
A.He looks tired. B.What did she give you?
C.Music makes me happy. D.The boy fell from his bike just now.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:以下哪个句子的结构与“We find the film interesting.”相同?
考查句子结构。He looks tired.是“主语+系动词+表语”结构;What did she give you?,特殊疑问句,是“主语+谓语+双宾”结构;Music makes me happy.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构;The boy fell from his bike just now.是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构。We find the film interesting.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构,所以C项正确。故选C。
14. What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“The book sells well”的句子结构是什么?
考查句子结构。分析句子可知,“The book”是主语,“sells”是不及物动词作谓语,“well”作状语。故选A。
15. —What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”?
—It is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+O D.S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——“Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”这句话的基本结构是什么?——结构是:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
考查句子结构。S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”;S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”;S+V+O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”;S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。分析句子可知,“Our English teacher”是主语,“tells”是谓语,“us”是间接宾语,“interesting stories”是直接宾语。故选B。
16. The sentence structure (结构) of “He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.” is ________.
A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+DO D.S+V+IO+DO
【答案】B
【详解】句意:句子“He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.”的句子结构是:主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。
考查句子结构。这里He是主语,is ringing是谓语动词短语,someone是直接宾语,to come and help us at the moment是宾语补足语。符合B选项“S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补”结构。故选B。
17.—________ is the bridge?
—It’s about 500 metres long.
A.How far B.How long C.How wide D.How deep
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这座桥有多长?——大约500米长。
考查疑问词辨析。How far多远;How long多长;How wide多宽;How deep多深。根据“It’s about 500 metres long”可知,空处询问桥多长,故选B。
18.(2025·吉林长春·一模)________ him the truth, or your dad will be angry, Tom.
A.Telling B.Told C.Tell D.To tell
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆,告诉他真相,否则你爸爸会生气的。
考查祈使句。Telling告诉,动名词或现在分词形式;Told告诉,动词过去式;Tell告诉,动词原形;To tell告诉,动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”的结构,祈使句以动词原形开头,表示命令、建议等。故这里应用动词原形Tell。故选C。
19.(2025·吉林长春·一模)________ useful advice you gave me!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你给我的建议多么有用啊!
考查感叹句用法。useful“有用的”修饰不可数名词advice“建议”,you为主语;gave为谓语,me为宾语,故符合“What +adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他”结构,故选A。
20.(2025·吉林松原·一模)________ beautiful poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night is!
A.What B.How a C.What a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《春夜喜雨》是多么优美的一首诗啊!
考查感叹句。中心词“poem”是名词,用what引导,且“poem”是名词单数形式,需用“a/an”修饰,感叹句为“What+a(n)+形容词+名词+主谓”结构。故选C。
21.—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.
—________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.
A.What B.How C.What an D.How an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——嗨,伙计们!我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得第一名。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊!我们很高兴。
考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是不可数名词news,此处是“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”句型,故选A。
22.—______ cold weather it is!
—Yes, it is. I hope it will be warmer later.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——多么冷的天气啊!——是的。我希望以后会变暖和些。
考查感叹句用法。cold weather意为“冷天气”,中心词为名词weather,且为不可数名词,需用what来引导感叹句,其结构为:What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语。故选B。
23.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)—________will I get well as before, Doctor Wang?
—In about one month.
A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How far
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我多久能像以前一样好,王医生?——大约一个月。
考查特殊疑问词。 how long多久、多长,主要是针对一段时间或某物的长度进行提问;how often多久一次,是对频率进行提问;how soon多久以后,通常用于一般将来时,对“in+一段时间”提问;how far多远,通常对距离进行提问。根据“In about one month.”可知,此处应用How soon。故选C。
24.(2025·吉林松原·一模)________ action to protect the environment, and the earth will be a better place to live in.
A.Take B.To take C.Taking
【答案】A
【详解】句意:采取行动保护环境,地球将成为一个更适合居住的地方。
考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,此句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,此处应用动词原形。故选A。
25.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)—______ have you lived Dingxi?
—Since my parents found jobs here.
A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How much
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你在定西住了多久了?——自从我父母在这里找到工作以来。
考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久之后;How far多远;How long多久;How much多少钱。根据“Since my parents found jobs here.”可知,此处询问时间段,用how long提问。故选C。
26.—Must we come back before five?
—No, you ________. You may come back before six if you like.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.may not
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们必须在五点以前回来吗?——不,你不需要。如果你愿意,你可以在六点以前回来。
考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;can’t不能;may not可能不。当用“Must we…”提问时,否定回答通常用No, you needn’t或No, you don’t have to回答。故选B。
27.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is the boy over there?
—He is my cousin.
A.What B.Who C.Where D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——那边的那个男孩是谁?——他是的我表弟。
考查特殊疑问词。What什么,用于询问事物、职业等;Who谁,用于询问人;Where哪里,用于询问地点;How怎样,用于询问方式、程度等。根据答语“He is my cousin.”可知,问句询问的是那边的男孩是谁。故选B。
28.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ do you study for a test?
—I usually study by making flashcards.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你是如何准备考试的?——我通常通过制作抽认卡来学习。
考查特殊疑问句。Why为什么;What什么;How如何;When什么时候。根据答语“by making flashcards”可知问的是学习方式,用How。故选C。
29.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is it from your home to school?
—About 10 minutes’ walk.
A.How long B.How far C.How often D.How much
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——从你家到学校有多远?——步行大约十分钟的路程。
考查特殊疑问句。How long多久,多长;How far多远;How often多久一次;How much多少钱。根据回答“About 10 minutes’ walk.”可知,此处询问距离,故选B。
30.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ your sister ________ to school yesterday?
—No, she didn’t.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Does; go D.Is; go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你妹妹昨天去上学了吗?——不,她没有。
考查一般疑问句和动词的时态。根据答句“No, she didn’t.”可知,时态为一般过去时,且疑问句需要用助动词“Did”来引导,助动词did后的谓语动词应用动词原形。故选B。
31.(2025·甘肃平凉·一模)—________ did you come back from the USA?
—Two days ago.
A.Why B.How C.When D.Where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你什么时候从美国回来的?——两天前。
考查特殊疑问词。Why为什么;How怎样;When什么时候;Where在哪里。答句“Two days ago”表示时间,因此问句应询问时间,疑问词“When”用于提问时间。故选C。
32.(2025·吉林长春·模拟预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ______. You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我必须现在完成我的作业吗?——不,你不需要。你可以稍后再做。
考查一般疑问句的回答。must引起的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选C。
33.Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A.is B.are C.was
【答案】A
【详解】句意:看!在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。
考查be动词。此句是There be句型,主语是information,不可数名词,be动词用单数,描述事实,用一般现在时。故选A。
34.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there?
A.is B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今晚有场电影,是吗?
考查there be句型与反意疑问句。there后跟be动词,排除选项B。根据“There...a film tonight”可知,句子时态为一般将来时;根据“isn’t there”可知,结构应是be going to。故选C。
35.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ is the boy over there?
—He is my cousin.
A.What B.Who C.Where D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——那边的那个男孩是谁?——他是的我表弟。
考查特殊疑问词。What什么,用于询问事物、职业等;Who谁,用于询问人;Where哪里,用于询问地点;How怎样,用于询问方式、程度等。根据答语“He is my cousin.”可知,问句询问的是那边的男孩是谁。故选B。
36.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ do you study for a test?
—I usually study by making flashcards.
A.Why B.What C.How D.When
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你是如何准备考试的?——我通常通过制作抽认卡来学习。
考查特殊疑问句。Why为什么;What什么;How如何;When什么时候。根据答语“by making flashcards”可知问的是学习方式,用How。故选C。
37.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)—________ your sister ________ to school yesterday?
—No, she didn’t.
A.Do; go B.Did; go C.Does; go D.Is; go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你妹妹昨天去上学了吗?——不,她没有。
考查一般疑问句和动词的时态。根据答句“No, she didn’t.”可知,时态为一般过去时,且疑问句需要用助动词“Did”来引导,助动词did后的谓语动词应用动词原形。故选B。
38.(2025·江苏南通·一模)—________ does your father go to the fitness centre?
—Twice a week.
A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How far
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你爸爸多久去一次健身中心?——每周两次。
考查特殊疑问句。How soon多快;How often多久一次;How long多长时间;How far多远。根据答语“Twice a week.”可知应是询问频率,疑问词用how often。故选B。
39.(2025·吉林长春·模拟预测)— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ______. You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我必须现在完成我的作业吗?——不,你不需要。你可以稍后再做。
考查一般疑问句的回答。must引起的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选C。
40.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there?
A.is B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今晚有场电影,是吗?
考查there be句型与反意疑问句。there后跟be动词,排除选项B。根据“There...a film tonight”可知,句子时态为一般将来时;根据“isn’t there”可知,结构应是be going to。故选C。
41. Mike ________ a basketball but he ________ a baseball.
A. has; not have B. has; doesn’t have C. has; doesn’t has D. has; isn’t have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:迈克有一个篮球,但他没有棒球。
考查主谓一致和否定句。第一空主语是第三人称单数Mike,动词用三单形式has;第二句中的have是实义动词,表示否定,应借助助动词,主语是第三人称单数he,助动词用doesn’t,后跟动词原形have。故选B。
42. — ________ are the books?
—They are 59 yuan.
A. What number B. What color C. How old D. How much
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——这些书多少钱?——59元。
考查疑问词辨析。What number什么号码;What color什么颜色;How old多大年龄;How much多少钱;根据“They are 59 yuan.”可知,设空处询问价格,故选D。
43.—Don’t forget to take an umbrella with you. It’ll rain this afternoon.
—________. I will take the raincoat you bought me last week.
A. No, I don’t B. Yes, I do C. No, I won’t D. Yes, I will
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——别忘了带把伞。今天下午会下雨。——我不会忘的。我会带上你上周给我买的雨衣。
考查祈使句的回答。根据“I will take the raincoat you bought me last week.”可知,答话人不会忘记带雨具,所以应该用否定回答;答语是针对祈使句作出的回答,应该用一般将来时。故选C。
44.—Tom has made great progress in English.
—_________. He studied hard.
A.So has he. B.So does he. C.So he has.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——汤姆在英语方面取得了很大进步。——是的。他学习很努力。
考查倒装句。根据“He studied hard.”可知,此处是说他的确进步很大,此时用“So+主语+情态动词/助动词/be.”表达“的确如此”,故选C。
45. We can’t find this kind of materials in our country, ________ they.
A.so can B.neither can C.so do D.neither do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们在我们国家找不到这种材料,他们也是。
考查倒装句。根据“We can’t find this kind of materials in our country, ... they.”可知,句子后半句表示 “他们也不能”,本句前半句是否定句,因此后半句是用neither引导的倒装句,其结构为neither+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语;由 “can’t ” 可知,此处用情态动词can。故选B。
2、 完成句子
1.一年有四个季节,陈明最喜欢秋天。
four seasons in a year, and Chen Ming likes autumn best.
【答案】【小题1】There 【小题2】are
【详解】根据中英对照,横线处表示“有”,某地有某物,用“There be”句型,位于句首,首字母要大写;由于“four seasons”是复数,时态为一般现在时,be用are。故填There;are。
2. Thousands of people come to experience it every year. (就划线部分提问)
people come to experience it every year?
【答案】 How many
【详解】句意:每年都有成千上万的人来体验它。此处对可数名词的数量进行提问,应用how many“多少”引导特殊疑问句,句首首字母大写。故填How;many。
3. 你已经选定要学习的传统技能了吗?
you the traditional still to learn yet?
【答案】 Have decided on
【详解】根据中文提示可知,此处是一个疑问句,且询问对方是否已经完成了某个动作,即选定要学习的技能,应用have构成现在完成时的疑问句,decide on“选定”,decide的过去分词形式decided,位于句首的have首字母需大写。故填Have;decided;on。
4. 她那天搞得一塌糊涂,难道不是吗?
She made a mess on that day, ?
【答案】 didn’t she
【详解】根据英汉对照可知,空格处填“难道不是吗”,此句是反义疑问句,主句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词是实义动词made,疑问句部分用didn’t she“难道不是吗”。故填didn’t;she。
5. 哪张椅子更舒服,红的还是黑的?
Which chair , the red one the black one?
【答案】 is more comfortable or
【详解】根据中文提示可知,此句是一个选择疑问句,which chair作主语,且为单数,所以第一空为be动词is;第二、三空为more comfortable“更舒服”,在句中作表语;第四空为连词or“或者”,表示两者选其一。故填is;more;comfortable;or。
6. 以后上学不要迟到了。
school any more.
【答案】 Don’t be late for
【详解】结合题干可知,句子是祈使句的否定形式,结构为“Don’t+动词原形+其他”,be late for school“上学迟到”。故填Don’t;be;late;for。
7. 确保你已经背好这些新单词。
you have learnt these new words .
【答案】 Make sure by heart
【详解】根据句意可知句子为祈使句,make sure“确保”,首字母要大写;learn...by heart“记住”。故填Make;sure;by;heart。
8. 肢体语言是一门多么重要的艺术啊!
art body language is!
【答案】 What an important
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,本句是感叹句,需用“What a/an+形容词+主语+谓语”结构,important“重要的”,前面应用不定冠词an修饰。故填What;an;important。
9. 对于我这样的英语学习者来说,这是一个多么有用的方法啊!
it is for an English learner like me!
【答案】 What a useful method
【详解】此句是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数“method”,用感叹句句式:what a/an adj. n.+主谓。useful“有用的”,以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填What;a;useful;method。
10. 多么有用的讲座啊!我们学到了很多。
it is! We have learned a lot.
【答案】 What a useful lecture
【详解】根据句子结构可知此句可译为感叹句,感叹句结构为What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!;“有用的”译为useful,是形容词,修饰lecture“讲座”,useful以辅音音素开头,所以用冠词a,“多么有用的讲座啊!”译为What a useful lecture。故填What;a;useful;lecture。
3、 翻译句子
1. 我的自行车有点问题。它不能工作了。
【答案】There is something wrong with my bike. It doesn’t work.
【详解】“……有点问题”There is something wrong with...;“我的自行车”my bike;“它”It,作主语,谓语动词用三单形式;“不能工作”doesn’t work。故填There is something wrong with my bike. It doesn’t work.
2. 很多人认为他是个聪明的孩子。
【答案】Many people consider him a clever child.
【详解】根据题干可知,时态可用一般现在时陈述事实。“很多人”Many people;“认为”consider是谓语,后接him作宾语;“聪明的孩子”a clever child,宾语补足语。故填Many people consider him a clever child。
3. 凯特给他送去许多书。(S+V+DO+IO)
【答案】Kate sent many books to him.
【详解】根据题干要求,句子应翻译为“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语”结构的陈述句:send sth to sb“把某物送给某人”,句子时态为一般过去时,主语Kate,谓语send“送”,此处用动词过去式,直接宾语many books“许多书”,间接宾语him“他”。故填Kate sent many books to him.
4.我父亲将会给我买一台新手机。(S+V+IO+DO)
【答案】My father will buy me a new mobile phone.
【详解】根据题干要求,句子应翻译为“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的陈述句:buy sb sth“给某人买某物”,句子时态为一般将来时will do,主语my father“我父亲”,谓语buy“买”,间接宾语me“我”,直接宾语a new mobile phone“一台新手机”。故填My father will buy me a new mobile phone.
5.一个人打扫所有的房间是累人的。(汉译英)
【答案】It’s tiring to clean all the rooms alone.
【详解】it作形式主语的句式结构为:It is +adj+to do sth.“做某事是……”。本句为主系表结构,值得注意的是本句真正的主语是动词不定式“一个人打扫所有的房间”:to clean all the rooms alone,而“it”作为形式主语,避免句子的头重脚轻。形容词累人的“tiring”是句子的表语成分。故填It’s tiring to clean all the rooms alone。
6. 大明不仅是个好学生还是个好歌手。(as well as)
【答案】Daming is a good singer as well as a good student.
【详解】此句是主系表结构,a good singer“一位好歌手”;as well as“也,还”;a good student“一位好学生”,故填Daming is a good singer as well as a good student.
7. 我发现记住一切很难。
.
【答案】I find it difficult to remember everything
【详解】我“I”,作主语;发现“find”,作谓语,结构find it adj.+to do sth.表示“发现做某事是……的”,it作形式宾语;记住一切“to remember everything”,作真正的宾语;困难的“difficult”,作补语。故填I find it difficult to remember everything。
8. 水对我们来说非常宝贵。让我们共同努力,有所作为。
【答案】Water is so/very valuable for us. Let’s work together to make a difference.
【详解】该句为陈述句,时态为一般现在时。水“water”,句首首字母大写;此处为系表结构,主语为不可数名词,be动词用is;非常宝贵“so/very valuable”;对我们来说“for us”。让我们“let’s”,其后面接动词原形,句首首字母大写;共同努力“work hard”,有所作为“to make a difference”,动词不定式作状语。故填Water is so/very valuable for us. Let’s work together to make a difference.
9.未来将会有更多的汽车。
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【答案】There will be more cars in the future.
【详解】在未来:in the future,时间状语,放在句子末尾;更多汽车:more cars;根据汉语提示可知该句用there be句型的将来时态:there will be“将有”。句子开头首字母大写,故填There will be more cars in the future.
10.这个购物中心是会见朋友和玩乐的好地方。
【答案】This shopping mall is a good place to meet friends and have fun.
【详解】根据题意可知,本句是肯定句,this shopping mall“这个购物中心”作主语;is“是”,作系动词;a good place“一个好地方”,作表语;meet friends“见朋友”;have fun“玩乐”;此处用不定式“to meet friends and have fun”作“place”的后置定语。故填This shopping mall is a good place to meet friends and have fun.
11.老师建议孩子们在户外不要玩水。(汉译英)
【答案】The teacher advises/advised the children not to play with water out of doors/in the open air.
【详解】老师:the teacher;孩子们:the children;玩水:play with water;在户外:out of doors/in the open air。表示建议某人不要做某事,可用advise sb. not to do sth.,结合语境,该句可用一般现在时或一般过去时,句子用一般现在时,主语the teacher是单数,因此谓语动词用三单形式advises;句子用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式advised。故填The teacher advises/advised the children not to play with water out of doors/in the open air.
12.她买了一些特别的东西给她妈妈。
【答案】She bought something special for her mother.
【详解】根据汉语可知此句为陈述句,时态为一般过去时;她she,作主语;给某人买某物buy sth. for sb.,buy作谓语,用一般过去时;特别的东西something special,她妈妈her mother。故填She bought something special for her mother.
13. 有时他们会嘲笑他,但他从不感到羞耻。
【答案】Sometimes they laughed at him, but he never felt ashamed.
【详解】有时:sometimes;他们:they;嘲笑:laugh at;他:he,him;但是:but;从不:never;感到:feel;羞耻:ashamed。结合语境可知,此题为一般过去时,因此laugh用其过去式laughed,feel用其过去式felt,第一个“他”作宾语,因此用宾格形式him,第二个“他”作主语,因此用主格形式he。故填Sometimes they laughed at him, but he never felt ashamed.
14.这个想法奏效了。(汉译英)
【答案】The idea worked.
【详解】the idea“这个想法”;work“奏效,产生预期的效果”。根据汉意可知,时态为一般过去时,故谓语动词要用过去式。故填The idea worked.
15.你通常怎样使用零花钱?
【答案】How do you usually spend your pocket money?
【详解】本句是How“怎样”引导的特殊疑问句,时态是一般现在时,主语是第二人称you,故在疑问句中将助动词do提前,位于主语前,句中谓语动词用其原形。usually“通常”,副词;spend“花费”;pocket money“零花钱”。故填How do you usually spend your pocket money?
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