内容正文:
专题06 代词、数词和介词
考点
课标要求
命题预测
代词
掌握代词的分类及基本用法;包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词等。
代词、数词和介词的考点常以语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、语篇填词、完成句子等形式进行考查。
考查的命题点有:
代词:人称代词和物主代词、不定代词(few,a few,little,a little 以及复合不定代词)和反身代词是高频高点。
数词:基数词和序数词基本用法,确数和概数的用法辨析;年份、日期、时间、分数和倍数的表达等。
介词:时间介词、地点介词、方式介词等;介词短语辩词等。
数词
掌握基数词与序数词的构成及用法。
介词
掌握常见介词的用法及辨析。
1.(2024年·广州中考·真题)“Those are African Penguins. This beach is home.”
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
2.(2024年·广州中考·真题)But luckily there are still of them left in the world.
A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
3.(2024年·广州中考·真题)One reason is that the penguin eggs are eaten by seabirds and other animals. is that the fishermen in this area catch too many fish.
A.Another B.Other C.Others D.The others
4. (2024年·广东省中考·真题)As summer comes around, outdoor activities are getting more and more popular. One of is bike riding, or biking. (备选词they)
5.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)At the age of seven, David had first astronaut (宇航员) training experience.
A.he B.him C.his
6.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put in the bathroom.(备选词it)
7. (2023年·广州中考·真题)High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 1 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
8. (2023年·广州中考·真题)Little Six ate food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.
A.little B.few C.much D.many
9. (2022年·广州中考·真题)Sometimes, I would draw pictures of ______ fish and sea plants and tape them to the side of the tank...
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
10. (2022年·广州中考·真题)Instead, we need to put him in a cup with ______of the dirty water for a while. ” …
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
11. (2022年·广州中考·真题)All seemed so easy. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the tank all by _____.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
12.(2022年·广东省中考·真题)Finally, hard work paid off. She got into her life as a Beijing Opera actress.
A.she B.her C.hers
13.(2022年·广东省中考·真题)The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated every year. (语法填空)
14.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—The best things in life are free.
—Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ______, but we can’t live without it.
A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything
15.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)—It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying.
—Me too. _______ here is so nice. I love the city.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything
一、人称代词
人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我
我们
你
你们
他
她
它
他们
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
二、物主代词
物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我的
我们的
你的
你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this?
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我自己
我们自己
你自己
你们自己
他自己
她自己
它自己
他们自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数
复数
含义
this 这个
these这此
指较近的人或物
that那个
those那些
指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that? 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词
成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no
在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词
用 法
示 例
some
① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
Some are teachers; some are students.
有些人是老师,有些人是学生。
Here is some of their advice.
这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答
The cake tastes good. Would you like some?
这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any
① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一”
I have three dictionaries. You may use any.
我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词
含 义
作主语时谓语动词的数
示 例
both
两者都
复数
Both of us are interested in the film.
我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either
两者中的任何一个
单数
Does either of you know Mr Li?
你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither
两者都不
单数
Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all
三者(或以上)都
复数
All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any
三者(或以上)中的任何一个
单数
You can read any of these books.
你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none
三者(或以上)都不
单数/复数
None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词
用 法
示 例
each
指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用
We each have a new schoolbag.
= Each of us has a new schoolbag.
我们每人有一个新书包。
every
只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用
She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who
谁(主格)
whom
谁(宾格)
whose
谁的(所有格)
what
什么(人、物)
which
哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1.(2025·安徽芜湖·一模)I have three sisters. ________ of them is a doctor.
A.None B.No one C.Neither D.Not at all
2.(2025·江苏宿迁·一模)A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
3.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Sorry, Amy. I don’t have scissors either.
—Never mind. I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use ________.
A.his B.mine C.yours
4.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
—________ is OK because I’m free today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None
5.(2025·安徽蚌埠·一模)Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei.
A.those B.ones C.these D.that
6.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—Leo, this is your camera. Is the white one your brother’s?
—Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for ________ a week ago.
A.his;him B.he’s;him C.he’s;he D.his;he
7.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The 2024 Paris Olympics encouraged athletes to bring ________ own water bottles to reduce waste.
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
8.(2025·云南·一模)—Did Jenny draw this picture all by ______?
—Yes, she spent three days on it.
A.yourself B.himself C.myself D.herself
9.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains.
A.one B.it C.those D.that
10.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)I can’t see a dog or ________, either. This old house seems to be completely empty.
A.something else B.anything else C.nothing else
11.(24-25七年级上·全国·单元测试)—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
12.(24-25六年级下·全国·期中)I found ________ important to keep exercising to keep fit.
A.one B.this C.that D.it
13.(24-25六年级下·全国·单元测试)________ wasn’t s easy to predict weather in the past.
A.It B.These C.This D.Its
14.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All the students went to the zoo except ________.
A.she and I B.me and her C.her and me D.I and she.
15.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts.
A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves
16.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Tracy asked Mr. Black to teach ________ how to make impressive videos.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
17.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—May I use your dictionary? I left ________ at home.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
18.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.other B.each other C.the other D.others
19.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Who was calling you on the phone just now?
—________ was my cousin.
A.He B.She C.It D.This
20.—Would you like to have ________ piece of cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
A.the other B.the others C.another D.other
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)Help (you) to some chicken soup, kids.
2.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)Making a good plan is half the work (it).
3.(2025·云南·一模)The students were asked to write a report about favorite books. (they)
4.(2025·上海宝山·模拟预测)Jason, I believe you can express clearly by using fluent Chinese. (you)
5.(2025·甘肃兰州·一模)I was nervous, but I managed to keep (I) cool when I finally got on stage.
6.(2025·上海青浦·一模)After the picnic, we mixed up our basket with , but we soon fixed it. (they)
7.(2025·云南昆明·模拟预测)Teachers encourage us to learn by . (we)
8.(2025·甘肃兰州·一模)— Is Tom at home?
— He’s not here, can I take a message for (he)?
9.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)We should improve by taking every chance to try more new things. (we)
10.(2025·上海金山·一模)Jill, a friend of , sent me an invitation to her birthday party last week. (I)
11.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Ben developed a house-helping robot all by and his wife was happy about it. (he)
12.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)Amy and Simon are (we) new friends. We all like them.
13.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Your phone is newer, but has a better camera. (I)
14.(2025·上海松江·一模)What will happen to if computers can do a lot of our jobs? (we)
15.(2025·上海静安·一模)I asked the old man to teach paper-cutting when he was free. (I)
、
1.(2024年·深圳中考·真题)It was the team’s (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize.
2.(2022年·深圳中考·真题)Before Lang Lang played the (three) piece, his fingers became a little cold...
3.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)Imagine that you travel back to of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. (备选词hundred)
4.(2024·河北石家庄·二模)________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of
5.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)Tomorrow is Linda’s (nine) birthday. Let’s buy some gifts for her.
一、基数词
基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five
0 zero
1 one
11 eleven
100 one hundred
2 two
12 twelve
20 twenty
1,000 one thousand
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
1,000,000 one million
4 four
14 fourteen
40 forty
10,000,000 ten million
5 five
15 fifteen
50 fifty
100,000,000 one hundred million
6 six
16 sixteen
60 sixty
1,000,000,000 one billion
7 seven
17 seventeen
70 seventy
1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
8 eight
18 eighteen
80 eighty
9 nine
19 nineteen
90 ninety
10 ten
1. 基数词的写法或读法
二、序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等
阿拉伯数字
基数词
序数词
序数词缩写
1
one
first
1st
2
two
second
2nd
3
three
third
3rd
5
five
fifth
5th
8
eight
eighth
8th
9
nine
ninth
9th
12
twelve
twelfth
12th
20
twenty
twentieth
20th
21
twenty-one
twenty-first
21st
22
twenty-two
twenty-second
22nd
23
twenty-three
twenty-third
23rd
三、数词的运用
数词下面几种用法
1.表示事物的编号,用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如:
Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼
2.表示年月日,“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如:
1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日
3.表示时间,用基数词。如:
2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three
4.表示百分数,用基数词。如:
80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent
5.表示小数,用基数词。如:
0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five
6.表示电话号码,用基数词。如:
8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five
7.表示年龄,用基数词。表示第几个生日,用序数词。如:
Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。
8.表示分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths
数词几种常见考点
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时,用单数形式,但表示不确切的数目时,用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。
如:There are four hundred pupils in the primary school.
Hundreds of people get together at the station.
(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词,该名词用单数形式。
如:a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick
(3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。
如:one third(三分之一), three fifths(五分之三)
(4) 倍数的表达
在英语中,数词用于表达倍数时,可以采用以下几种方式:
①基本倍数表达:两倍:twice一倍:once 两倍以上:times(例如:three times,four times)
②比较级和原级结合:
A + be + ... times + adj./adv. + than + B
例如:This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.(这座桥比那座桥长3倍。)
A + be + ... times + as + adj./adv. + as + B
例如:This bridge is 4 times as long as that one.(这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。)
③尺寸大小、长宽高深的倍数表达:A + be/v. + ... times the size/length/width/height/depth of + B
例如:China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area.(在面积上,中国几乎是墨西哥的五倍大。)
④使用“what”引导的从句:A + be/v. + ... times + what从句
例如:The length of the road is twice what it was three years ago.(这条路是三年前的两倍长。)
一、单项选择
1.More than ten ________ tourists went to see the flower show on that day.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of D.thousand of
2.Next Sunday is my son’s ________ birthday. I want to buy him a present.
A.the twelfth B.twelve C.twelfth D.the twelve
3.This is my _________ time to see NeZha 2. But I want to see it _________ time.
A.the second; the third B.second; a third
C.the second time; a third D.second; the third
4.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)According to a survey, two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions.
—How many people support environmental actions?
—It’s about ________ people.
A.fifty seven B.sixty seven C.sixty six D.seventy six
5.(2024·陕西西安·二模)There are _________ floors in the building. The art room is on the _________ floor.
A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth
6.(2024·海南海口·三模)Parents should give their children a ________ chance and encourage them to try again. Failing doesn’t mean anything.
A.two B.twice C.second
7.(2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·二模)—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school?
—In our school, ________ of the teachers ________ women teachers.
A.third fourth; are B.third fourths; is C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are
8.(2024·四川攀枝花·二模)There are fifty students in this class, ________ of them are boys, so the number of the boys ________ thirty.
A.three fifths; is B.three five; are C.three fifth; are D.third five; is
9.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge?
—About ________ long.
A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres
10.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)—Which room shall we live in tonight?
—In ________.
A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room
二、单词拼写
1.The (nine) lesson is very interesting.
2.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)My bedroom is on the (two) floor.
3.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Tomorrow is his grandma’s (ninety) birthday.
4.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》) is so popular that two (three) of the students in our class have finished reading it.
5.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)China will send off the Shenzhou spacecraft for the time in 2025. (twenty)
6.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The book he wrote is my favourite because it has the most exciting plot. (five)
7.(2025·上海长宁·一模)He scored the winning goal in the round of the football matches. (four)
8.(2025·上海宝山·一模)The lift went wrong when it came to the floor. (twelve)
9.(2025·上海静安·一模)Do you know who won the gold medal for China at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games? (one)
10.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)I decided to use the model I made for the competition. (eight)
11.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Did you find me in the photo? I’m the from the left. (three)
12.We celebrated our (fourteen) birthday in May.
13.(2025·山东泰安·一模)My mother is 39 years old, and next year she is going to celebrate her f birthday.
14.Every day in autumn (hundred) of people come to enjoy chrysanthemums in Xihui Park and Huishan Ancient Town.
15.My mother’s birthday is on the (twenty) of December.
1. (2024年·广州中考·真题) At that moment, Dad noticed a seabird walking the penguin eggs near the rocks. He quickly drove it away.
A.above B.off C.towards D.from
2. (2024年·深圳中考·真题) My teammates are international students coming different countries.
3. (2023年·广东省中考·真题)As time went , the forms of toothbrushes changed.
4. (2023年·广州中考·真题) everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying!
A.In B.To C.For D.At
5. (2022年·深圳中考·真题) What he did helped the cultural exchanges between China and Europe by means of music.(语法填空)
6. (2022年·广东省中考·真题) Tea is mostly produced Asian countries like China and India. (语法填空)
7. (2022年·广东省中考·真题) She was born and raised village in Hebei province.
A.in B.for C.with
8. (2022年·广州中考·真题)However, a month, I noticed that the tank was getting dirty.
A. before B. for C. after D. during
9.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
10.(2024·福建·中考真题)—May I take your order, Mr. Chen?
—I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake ________.
A.by mistake B.at times C.as usual
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
►Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
►Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
►Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词
用 法
示 例
at
+某个时刻
at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间
at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on
+具体的某一天
on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日
on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚
on Sunday morning 在周日上午
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in
+较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节)
in the 21st century 在21世纪
in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年
in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚
in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在傍晚
+一段时间
in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中
2)表示时间的介词since, for, from... to...
介词
用 法
示 例
since
+时间点;表示“自从……以来”,通常与完成时连用
She has been in Guangzhou since 2010.
自2010年以来,她一直在广州。
for
+一段时间;表示“持续一段时间”,可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态,谓语动词只能用延续性动词
Jim stayed with us for three days.
吉姆和我们一起住了三天。
She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。
from... to...
表示“从……到……”,可用于过去时、现在时和将来时
My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。
3)表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under
介 词
用 法
示 例
on在……上面
表示一物在另一物上面,两物接触
The pencil-box is on the desk.
笔盒在书桌上。
above在……之上;高于……
两物不接触,不说明是否垂直
We are flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上面飞行。
below在……之下;低于……
Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。
over在……正上方
两物不接触,是垂直关系
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
under在……正下方
Your football is under the table.
你的足球在桌子下面。
4)表示方位的介词in, on, to
介词
用 法
示 例
in
表示在某地范围之内
Guangdong is in the south of China.
广东在中国南部。
on
表示与某地相邻或接壤
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
广东在湖南南边。
to
表示在某地范围之外
Guangdong is to the south of Hubei.
广东在湖北南面。
5)表示动态的介词across, through
介词
用 法
示 例
across
从表面上穿过;横穿
Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。
through
从中间(内部)穿过
The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。
6)表示方式的介词by, in, with
介词
用 法
示 例
by
乘坐交通工具
I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。
通过……方式
You can turn on the machine by pressing this button.
你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。
in
用某种语言或材料
Please say it in English. 请用英文说。
You’d better write the letter in ink.
你最好用钢笔写信。
with
用某种具体的工具或手段
You’d better write the letter with a pen.
你最好用钢笔写信。
We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。
考向4 介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1、 单项选择
1.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)Spring Festival was listed in the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产) ________ December 4th, 2024.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
2.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)Everyone was touched ________ words after they watched the film Hi, MOM directed by Jia Ling.
A.under B.across C.beyond D.through
3.(2025·安徽蚌埠·一模)—How do you like the city, Tony?
—Wonderful. A small river runs ________ the city and makes it become two parts.
A.across B.on C.above D.through
4.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)The little boy will never forget what happened ________ the evening of his birthday last year.
A.to B.for C.of D.on
5.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)The students all passed the exam ________ Jack. He was really sad.
A.except B.beside C.besides D.expect
6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The eco-tourism project helps villagers earn more money ________ destroying the environment.
A.without B.with C.by D.for
7.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)My father usually goes to work ________ bus, but sometimes he walks.
A.by B.take C.on D.in
8.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)—Excuse me, how can I get to the bookstore?
—Go ________ Center Street and turn right ________ the second street.
A.along; to B.down; in C.along; on D.up; at
9.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)There is a bird ________ the tree.
A.in B.from C.into D.on
10.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All of his family went on a trip to Wuxi, ________ his uncle.
A.includes B.including C.include D.included
11.We had a great time ________ the summer vacation.
A.in B.on C.at D.during
12.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Visitors can see amazing ice sculptures in Harbin ________ winter.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
13.(2024·河北石家庄·一模)—Who is the boy _________ short hair in the car?
—It’s David.
A.of B.with C.on D.in
14.(24-25九年级上·天津宝坻·阶段练习)________ the morning of September 19th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.
A.In; at B.On; to C.In; in D.On; at
15.(2025·广东肇庆·一模)Miss Liu is strict ________ her students ________ maths.
A.in; with B.with; in C.with; with D.in; in
16.(2025·吉林长春·一模)The outcome of the project largely depends ________ the team’s collaboration.
A.with B.on C.by
17.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)I left my key ___________ the lock and forgot to pick it out this morning.
A.behind B.on C.in D.under
18.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)Mount Huangshan is known ________ a natural wonder. It is also known ________ its high-quality tea.
A.for; as B.as; as C.as; for D.for; for
19.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)Tom ran ________ such a hurry that he left his schoolbag in his dad’s car.
A.on B.for C.to D.in
20.(2025·陕西西安·二模)These trousers’ are ________ sale, and you can buy them ________ good prices.
A.on;with B.on;at C.for;with D.at;at
21.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The local government is trying to prevent the “sky-high price” mooncakes ________ cheating consumers.
A.from B.to C.of D.for
22.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Go ________ the street, and you’ll find it at the end of the street.
A.across B.cross C.through D.along
23.(2025·江西·模拟预测)My childhood was filled ________ these warm memories.
A.of B.for C.with D.to
24.(2025·天津河东·模拟预测)Some shops open ________ 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. during Spring Festival.
A.at B.between C.from D.about
25.(2025·安徽淮北·一模)You should keep a balanced diet and exercise regularly, ________ eating more fruit and vegetables.
A.like B.with C.under D.over
26.(2025·安徽淮北·一模)Nothing is impossible ________ the hard work.
A.into B.above C.across D.through
27.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The documentary Hexi Corridor has made Dunhuang a popular tourism city ________ young people.
A.inside B.beyond C.through D.among
28.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)The giant panda returned to its home in Beijing Zoo early on Monday ________ spending 20 years abroad.
A.until B.before C.after D.during
29.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)The concert is held at a time when the world is facing challenges ________ climate change, poverty, energy and food safety.
A.against B.except C.for D.including
30.(2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测)His painting style is quite different ________ that of traditional artists.
A.with B.to C.as D.from
31.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Annie, I’m a very slow reader, what can I do?
—You should read words in groups, don’t read word ________ word.
A.to B.by C.with
32.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ the Lantern Festival, we can see beautiful lanterns in all shapes at the fair in Zigong.
A.On B.In C.Between
33.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows.
A.on B.about C.by D.at
34.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change.
A.at B.in C.with D.for
35.(2025·上海崇明·一模)A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were ________ favour of the plan.
A.on B.by C.with D.in
综合训练
一、短文填空
(2025·湖南永州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know that tea, 1 (popular) drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5, 000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first 2 (discover) tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over 3 open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there 4 some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks 5 (invent).
A few thousand 6 (year) later, Lu Yu, “the sage of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear 7 around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to 8 (West) countries took place in 9 (nineteen) century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture 10 (clear), the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
二、选词填空
(2025·广东清远·一模)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
holiday, cold, important, but, there, dumpling, always, it, celebrate, on, mean, so
Winter Solstice (冬至) is the day with the longest night. It comes in December and it is the start of winter. The Chinese Winter Solstice Festival is a very 1 time in China like in other cultures around the world. In fact, 2 is a traditional saying: “Dōngzhì dà rúnián”. It 3 that the winter solstice is as important as the Chinese New Year. So how do people 4 it?
People worshiped the gods (拜神) 5 the first day of the winter solstice in China. This tradition could go back to the Zhou Dynasty. 6 the winter solstice only became a winter festival across China in the Han Dynasty. People had a one-day 7 . Like the Chinese New Year, it was a time for happy family reunions.
The winter solstice is not a public holiday in modern China any more. But many people still celebrate it. People 8 spend the holiday happily with their family or friends. They also get ready for the coming 9 weather in winter. It is a time for them to eat some delicious dishes such as 10 and Tangyuan. The festival is meaningful for Chinese people.
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专题06 代词、数词和介词
考点
课标要求
命题预测
代词
掌握代词的分类及基本用法;包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词等。
代词、数词和介词的考点常以语法选择、语法填空、选词填空、语篇填词、完成句子等形式进行考查。
考查的命题点有:
代词:人称代词和物主代词、不定代词(few,a few,little,a little 以及复合不定代词)和反身代词是高频高点。
数词:基数词和序数词基本用法,确数和概数的用法辨析;年份、日期、时间、分数和倍数的表达等。
介词:时间介词、地点介词、方式介词等;介词短语辩词等。
数词
掌握基数词与序数词的构成及用法。
介词
掌握常见介词的用法及辨析。
1.(2024年·广州中考·真题)“Those are African Penguins. This beach is home.”
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这片海滩是它们的家。
they 它们,主格;them 它们,宾格;their 它们的,形容词性物主代词;theirs 它们的,名词性物主代词。空处修饰名词home,所以用其形容词性物主代词their。故选C。
2.(2024年·广州中考·真题)But luckily there are still of them left in the world.
A.few B.a few C.little D.a little
【答案】B
【解析】句意:但幸运的是,世界上仍然有一些。
few 几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数;a few 一些,修饰可数名词复数;little 几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a little 一点,修饰不可数名词。根据“But luckily there are still ...of them left in the world.”可知,很幸运,则说明世界上还有一些企鹅, 修饰复数代词them,所以用a few。故选B。
3.(2024年·广州中考·真题)One reason is that the penguin eggs are eaten by seabirds and other animals. is that the fishermen in this area catch too many fish.
A.Another B.Other C.Others D.The others
【答案】A
【解析】句意:另一个原因是这个地区的渔民捕捞了太多的鱼。
Another 另一个(三者或以上中的);Other 其他的,常修饰可数名词复数;Others 其他人或物;The others 其余的(表示在一个范围内的其他全部)。根据“One reason”及is可知,此处指另一个原因。故选A。
4. (2024年·广东省中考·真题)As summer comes around, outdoor activities are getting more and more popular. One of is bike riding, or biking. (备选词they)
【答案】them
【详解】句意:其中之一是骑自行车。根据“As summer comes around, outdoor activities are getting more and more popular. One of...is bike riding, or biking.”和备选词可知,骑自行车是户外运动之一,they“它们”符合语境,one of them“它们之一”,故填them。
5.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)At the age of seven, David had first astronaut (宇航员) training experience.
A.he B.him C.his
【答案】C
【详解】句意:七岁时,大卫有了他的第一次宇航员训练经历。
he他,人称代词主格;him他,人称代词宾格;his他的,形容词性/名词性物主代词。修饰名词“experience”用形容词性物主代词,表示“他的”经历。故选C。
6.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put in the bathroom.(备选词it)
【答案】it
【详解】句意:我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”,需用代词it。故填it。
7. (2023年·广州中考·真题)High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 1 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在一棵高高的树上,一只鸟妈妈正慈爱地看着她的六个鸟宝宝从鸟蛋里孵出来。
she她;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己。空处修饰“six baby birds”应用形容词性物主代词,故选B。
8. (2023年·广州中考·真题)Little Six ate food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.
A.little B.few C.much D.many
【答案】A
【详解】句意:小六几乎没有吃到了一点食物,所以他总是很饿。
little很少,修饰不可数名词;few很少,修饰可数名词;much很多,修饰不可数名词;many很多,修饰可数名词。根据“so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.”可知很饿应是没有吃到食物,修饰food,应用little。故选A。
9. (2022年·广州中考·真题)Sometimes, I would draw pictures of ______ fish and sea plants and tape them to the side of the tank...
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
【答案】A
【详解】句意:有时,我会画一些其他鱼类和海生植物的图片,然后把它们粘在鱼缸的一边,这样鲍勃就不会在我上学的时候感到孤独了。
other其他的;others其他人(物);the other两者的另一个;the others特指剩余的其他人(物)。根据“fish and sea plants”可知,此处使用other,后跟名词复数。故选A。
10. (2022年·广州中考·真题)Instead, we need to put him in a cup with ______of the dirty water for a while. ” …
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
【答案】D
【详解】句意:相反,我们需要把他放在一个装有少量脏水的杯子里一段时间。
few几乎没有;a few一些;little几乎没有;a little一点。根据“of the dirty water”可知,此处water为不可数名词,且表示肯定含义,使用a little,故选D。
11. (2022年·广州中考·真题)All seemed so easy. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the tank all by _____.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
【答案】D
【详解】句意:一切似乎都很容易。我希望下次我能独自清洗水箱。
me我,宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“by”可知,by oneself“独自”,故选D。
12.(2022年·广东省中考·真题)Finally, hard work paid off. She got into her life as a Beijing Opera actress.
A.she B.her C.hers
【答案】B
【详解】句意:最后,她的努力得到了回报。
she她,主格;her她,宾格/她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词。此处作定语修饰“hard work”,用形容词性物主代词形式,故选B。
13.(2022年·广东省中考·真题)The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated every year. (语法填空)
【答案】it
【详解】句意:从那时起,人们每年都庆祝这一天。此处指“International Tea Day”,用it代替,在句中作宾语,故填it。
14.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—The best things in life are free.
—Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ______, but we can’t live without it.
A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——生命中最美好的东西都是免费的。——完全同意。空气不花钱,但我们离不开它。
考查代词辨析。something某事物;nothing没有什么;anything任何事物;everything每件事物。根据“The best things in life are free.”和“Air costs ..., but we can’t live without it.”可知,空气不花钱,是免费的,故选B。
15.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)—It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying.
—Me too. _______ here is so nice. I love the city.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这是我第一次在东营度假。——我也是。这里的一切都很好。我爱这个城市。
考查代词辨析。Nothing无事;Anything任何事;Something某事;Everything一切。根据“I love the city.”可知,喜欢这个城市,所以一切都很好,故选D。
一、人称代词
人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我
我们
你
你们
他
她
它
他们
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
二、物主代词
物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我的
我们的
你的
你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door? — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this?
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
汉语
我自己
我们自己
你自己
你们自己
他自己
她自己
它自己
他们自己
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数
复数
含义
this 这个
these这此
指较近的人或物
that那个
those那些
指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that? 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词
成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one
在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none
在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no
在句中只能作定语
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词
用 法
示 例
some
① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
Some are teachers; some are students.
有些人是老师,有些人是学生。
Here is some of their advice.
这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答
The cake tastes good. Would you like some?
这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any
① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词
I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop? 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一”
I have three dictionaries. You may use any.
我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词
含 义
作主语时谓语动词的数
示 例
both
两者都
复数
Both of us are interested in the film.
我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either
两者中的任何一个
单数
Does either of you know Mr Li?
你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither
两者都不
单数
Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all
三者(或以上)都
复数
All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any
三者(或以上)中的任何一个
单数
You can read any of these books.
你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none
三者(或以上)都不
单数/复数
None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词
用 法
示 例
each
指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用
We each have a new schoolbag.
= Each of us has a new schoolbag.
我们每人有一个新书包。
every
只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用
She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who
谁(主格)
whom
谁(宾格)
whose
谁的(所有格)
what
什么(人、物)
which
哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1.(2025·安徽芜湖·一模)I have three sisters. ________ of them is a doctor.
A.None B.No one C.Neither D.Not at all
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我有三个姐妹。她们中没有一个是一个医生。
考查代词。None指三个或三个以上都不;No one指单数没有一个人,不与of短语连用;Neither指两者都不;Not at all一点也不,指后面的事情,不与of短语连用。由上文“I have three sisters”可知,我有三个姐妹,没有一个是医生。故选A。
2.(2025·江苏宿迁·一模)A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
【答案】C
【详解】句意:一句友善的话不用花钱,但它却能温暖一个人的心。
考查复合不定代词的辨析。something某物;anything任何事物;nothing没有什么;everything所有事物。根据“but it can warm someone’s heart”可知此处表示转折,空处应为nothing,cost nothing表示友善的话本身并不花钱。 故选C。
3.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Sorry, Amy. I don’t have scissors either.
—Never mind. I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use ________.
A.his B.mine C.yours
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——抱歉,Amy。我也没有剪刀。——没关系。我一会可以去问问Coupar看我是否可以用他的。
考查名词性物主代词。his他的;mine我的;yours你的。根据“I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use…”可知,这里指的是去看看是否可以使用他的(Coupar的)。故选A。
4.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
—________ is OK because I’m free today and tomorrow.
A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我可以今晚或明天早上来吗?——哪天都可以,因为我今天和明天都有空。
考查代词辨析。Either (两者中的) 任意一个;Neither两者都不;Both两者;None没有一个。根据“I’m free today and tomorrow”可知,“我”今天和明天都有空,所以对方今天或明天来都可以。故选A。
5.(2025·安徽蚌埠·一模)Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei.
A.those B.ones C.these D.that
【答案】A
【详解】句意:由于寒冷的天气,哈尔滨的学生比合肥的学生寒假时间更长。
考查代词辨析。those那些,指代同类不同物,表特指,为复数形式;ones指代上文提到的同类事物中的一些,是泛指,不特指;these这些;that那个,指代同类不同物,表特指,为单数形式。根据“the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ... in Hefei.”可知,比较的主体是两地的学生,同类不同物,空格处指代的是合肥特定的那些学生,因此应用those指代。故选A。
6.(2025·陕西西安·二模)—Leo, this is your camera. Is the white one your brother’s?
—Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for ________ a week ago.
A.his;him B.he’s;him C.he’s;he D.his;he
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——利奥,这是你的相机。白色的那个是你哥哥的吗?——是的,是他的。我妈妈一周前给他买的。
考查代词辨析。he他,人称代词主格;him他,人称代词宾格;he’s他是;his他的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词。根据上文“Is the white one your brother’s?”可知,第一空需使用名词性物主代词(his)表示“哥哥的(相机)”,相当于“his camera”,B、C选项可排除。第二空介词“for”后需接宾语,因此需用宾格代词“him”。故选A。
7.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The 2024 Paris Olympics encouraged athletes to bring ________ own water bottles to reduce waste.
A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
【答案】C
【详解】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会鼓励运动员自带水瓶,以减少浪费。
考查代词辨析。they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词。设空处后有名词“own water bottles”,应该用形容词性物主代词their修饰。故选C。
8.(2025·云南·一模)—Did Jenny draw this picture all by ______?
—Yes, she spent three days on it.
A.yourself B.himself C.myself D.herself
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这幅画是珍妮自己画的吗?——是的,她花了三天时间。
考查代词词义辨析。yourself你自己;himself他自己;myself我自己;herself她自己。根据主语“Jenny”可知,应用反身代词herself。故选D。
9.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)The students who do best in examinations are not always ________ with the best brains.
A.one B.it C.those D.that
【答案】C
【详解】句意:考试成绩最好的学生并不总是那些头脑最聪明的学生。
考查代词用法。one一个;it它;those那些;that那个。根据“The students who do best in examinations are not always...with the best brains”可知,此处指的是students,用those代指前面提到的人或物,故选C。
10.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)I can’t see a dog or ________, either. This old house seems to be completely empty.
A.something else B.anything else C.nothing else
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我也没看见狗或别的什么。这所老房子似乎空无一人。
考查不定代词。在否定句中,表示“其他事物”时应使用anything else,选项C的nothing else会导致双重否定,与句意矛盾。故选B。
11.(24-25七年级上·全国·单元测试)—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你最喜欢哪个智能设备,智能马桶、水龙头还是厨房?——智能厨房。
考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的;What什么;Who’s谁是;Which哪一个,用于在两个或多个事物之间进行选择。根据“…smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?”可知,此处询问对方最喜欢哪个智能设备,应用Which“哪一个”。故选D。
12.(24-25六年级下·全国·期中)I found ________ important to keep exercising to keep fit.
A.one B.this C.that D.it
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我发现坚持锻炼来保持健康很重要。
考查it的用法。one一个;this这个;that那个;it它。分析句子结构可知,此处是it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式,句型是“find it+形容词+to do sth”,意为“发现做某事……”。故选D。
13.(24-25六年级下·全国·单元测试)________ wasn’t s easy to predict weather in the past.
A.It B.These C.This D.Its
【答案】A
【详解】句意:过去预测天气并不容易。
考查it作形式主语。It is/was+adj.+to do sth“做某事……”,it为形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式。故选A。
14.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All the students went to the zoo except ________.
A.she and I B.me and her C.her and me D.I and she.
【答案】C
【详解】句意: 除了她和我,所有的学生都去了动物园。
考查人称代词。she她,主格;I我,主格;her她,宾格;me我,宾格。except是介词,后面接人称代词宾格;当两个人称代词并列时,先考虑第三人称,再考虑第一人称,最后考虑第二人称,所以her在me前。故选C。
15.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)She bought some books and decided to send _______ to her friends as gifts.
A.theirs B.their C.them D.themselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她买了一些书,决定把它们作为礼物送给她的朋友。
考查代词辨析。theirs它们的,名词性物主代词;their它们的,形容词性物主代词;them它们,人称代词宾格;themselves它们自己,反身代词。根据“send … to her friends”可知,此处是指把它们送给她的朋友,应用人称代词宾格them作动词“send”的宾语。故选C。
16.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Tracy asked Mr. Black to teach ________ how to make impressive videos.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
【答案】B
【详解】句意:特蕾西请布莱克先生教她如何制作令人印象深刻的视频。
考查代词辨析。she她,人称代词的主格;her她/她的,人称代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词。动词teach后用人称代词的宾格,此处指教她如何制作视频。故选B。
17.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—May I use your dictionary? I left ________ at home.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以用你的字典吗?我把我的落在家里了。——当然,给你。
考查代词辨析。me我(宾格);my我的(形容词性物主代词,后接名词);mine我的(名词性物主代词,单独使用表示“我的东西”);myself我自己(反身代词)。根据句意,此处需用名词性物主代词mine代替my dictionary。故选C。
18.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.other B.each other C.the other D.others
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们在一个就像一个大家庭的班级,我们应该互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。other其他的;each other互相;其他人或物;the other两者中的另一个;others其他的人或物。根据“We are in a class like a big family and we should help...”可知,一个家庭中的人应该互相帮助。故选B。
19.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Who was calling you on the phone just now?
—________ was my cousin.
A.He B.She C.It D.This
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——刚才是谁给你打电话?——是我表妹。
考查代词辨析。He他;She她;It它;This这。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知,是询问对方是谁,指代不明身份的人常用代词it。故选C。
20.—Would you like to have ________ piece of cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
A.the other B.the others C.another D.other
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你想再吃一块蛋糕吗?——不,谢谢。我吃得够多了。
考查代词用法。the other(两者中的)另一个;the others其他;another再一个;other其他的,后跟名词复数。根据空后“piece of cake”和选项可知,此处指再吃一块蛋糕,是不定数目中的再一个,用another。故选C。
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)Help (you) to some chicken soup, kids.
【答案】yourselves
【详解】句意:孩子们,请随意喝点鸡汤吧。根据“Help...to some chicken soup, kids.”可知 ,本题考查固定搭配help oneself to sth.,意为“随便取用……”,故空格处应填you的反身代词yourself或者yourselves,根据“kids”可知,应用复数,故填yourselves。
2.(2025·甘肃定西·一模)Making a good plan is half the work (it).
【答案】itself
【详解】句意:制定一个好的计划是工作本身的一半。根据“Making a good plan is half the work…”的语境可知,此处指工作本身,应用反身代词itself“它自己,它本身”。故填itself。
3.(2025·云南·一模)The students were asked to write a report about favorite books. (they)
【答案】their
【详解】句意:学生们被要求写一篇关于他们最喜欢的书的报告。句子中需要填入一个形容词性物主代词,修饰“favorite books”;they对应的物主代词是“their”。故填their。
4.(2025·上海宝山·模拟预测)Jason, I believe you can express clearly by using fluent Chinese. (you)
【答案】yourself
【详解】句意:Jason,我相信你可以用流利的中文清楚地表达你自己。根据“you can express…clearly”可知是指清楚地表达你自己。yourself“你自己”,故填yourself。
5.(2025·甘肃兰州·一模)I was nervous, but I managed to keep (I) cool when I finally got on stage.
【答案】myself
【详解】句意:我很紧张,但当我终于上台时,我设法让自己保持冷静。根据“I managed to keep ... cool”及所给词可知,此处表示“让我自己保持冷静”,表示“某人自己”用反身代词,I对应的反身代词为myself。故填myself。
6.(2025·上海青浦·一模)After the picnic, we mixed up our basket with , but we soon fixed it. (they)
【答案】theirs
【详解】句意:野餐后,我们把篮子和他们的弄混了,但很快就解决了。根据“After the picnic, we mixed up our basket with...”可知,此处表示“他们的篮子”,用theirs代替their basket,故填theirs。
7.(2025·云南昆明·模拟预测)Teachers encourage us to learn by . (we)
【答案】ourselves
【详解】句意:老师鼓励我们自主学习。learn by oneself“自主学习”,we的反身代词ourselves,意为“我们自己”。故填ourselves。
8.(2025·甘肃兰州·一模)— Is Tom at home?
— He’s not here, can I take a message for (he)?
【答案】him
【详解】句意:——汤姆在家吗?——他不在,我可以替他捎个口信吗?介词for后用人称代词宾格,he的宾格形式“him”,表示“他”,故填him。
9.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)We should improve by taking every chance to try more new things. (we)
【答案】ourselves
【详解】句意:我们应该通过抓住每一个机会尝试更多的新事物来提高自己。根据“We should improve … by taking every chance to try more new things.”可知,我们可以通过抓住每次机会尝试更多的新事物来提高自己,应用人称代词“we”的以身代词ourselves“我们自己”。故填ourselves。
10.(2025·上海金山·一模)Jill, a friend of , sent me an invitation to her birthday party last week. (I)
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:Jill,我的一个朋友,上周寄给我一份生日聚会的请柬。根据“Jill, a friend of …, sent me an invitation to her birthday party last week.”可知,短语a friend of mine表示“我的一个朋友”,此处应用I的名词性物主代词mine“我的”。故填mine。
11.(2025·上海崇明·一模)Ben developed a house-helping robot all by and his wife was happy about it. (he)
【答案】himself
【详解】句意:本独自开发了一个家用机器人,他的妻子对此很高兴。by oneself“独自”,此处指本独自开发了一个家用机器人,故应用he的反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。
12.(24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业)Amy and Simon are (we) new friends. We all like them.
【答案】our
【详解】句意:艾米和西蒙是我们的新朋友。我们都喜欢它们。修饰空后的名词,用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。故填our。
13.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Your phone is newer, but has a better camera. (I)
【答案】mine
【详解】句意:你的手机比较新,但我手机的相机更好些。根据“Your phone is newer...”及语境可知,空处指“我的手机”,空后无名词,所以用I对应的名词性物主代词mine指代。故填mine。
14.(2025·上海松江·一模)What will happen to if computers can do a lot of our jobs? (we)
【答案】us
【详解】句意:如果电脑能代替我们做很多工作,我们会怎么样?设空处前是介词to,因此填人称代词宾格us“我们”。故填us。
15.(2025·上海静安·一模)I asked the old man to teach paper-cutting when he was free. (I)
【答案】me
【详解】句意:我请这位老人有空时教我剪纸。teach后面用宾格形式,I的宾格形式为me。故填me。
、
1.(2024年·深圳中考·真题)It was the team’s (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize.
【答案】sixth
【解析】句意:这是该队连续第六次获胜,也是他第二次获得冠军。根据“the team’s…win in a row”可知,此处应用序数词表示顺序。故填sixth。
2.(2022年·深圳中考·真题)Before Lang Lang played the (three) piece, his fingers became a little cold...
【答案】third
【解析】句意:在朗朗演奏第三首之前,他的手指有点冷,但他并不害怕大雪和稀薄的空气。根据“piece”和全文内容可知,弹奏第三首曲子,需要序数词,故填third。
3.(2023年·广东省中考·真题)Imagine that you travel back to of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. (备选词hundred)
【答案】hundreds
【解析】句意:想象一下,你回到几百年前,舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“About 800 years ago”可知此处是hundreds of短语,表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
4.(2024·河北石家庄·二模)________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:假期期间,成千上万的游客来到洪崖洞拍照。
考查数词的表达。表示具体的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式,表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。此处表示概数,此空应填Thousands of,故选D。
5.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)Tomorrow is Linda’s (nine) birthday. Let’s buy some gifts for her.
【答案】ninth
【详解】句意:明天是琳达的九岁生日。我们给她买些礼物吧。此处作定语修饰birthday,用序数词ninth,故填ninth。
一、基数词
基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five
0 zero
1 one
11 eleven
100 one hundred
2 two
12 twelve
20 twenty
1,000 one thousand
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
1,000,000 one million
4 four
14 fourteen
40 forty
10,000,000 ten million
5 five
15 fifteen
50 fifty
100,000,000 one hundred million
6 six
16 sixteen
60 sixty
1,000,000,000 one billion
7 seven
17 seventeen
70 seventy
1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
8 eight
18 eighteen
80 eighty
9 nine
19 nineteen
90 ninety
10 ten
1. 基数词的写法或读法
二、序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等
阿拉伯数字
基数词
序数词
序数词缩写
1
one
first
1st
2
two
second
2nd
3
three
third
3rd
5
five
fifth
5th
8
eight
eighth
8th
9
nine
ninth
9th
12
twelve
twelfth
12th
20
twenty
twentieth
20th
21
twenty-one
twenty-first
21st
22
twenty-two
twenty-second
22nd
23
twenty-three
twenty-third
23rd
三、数词的运用
数词下面几种用法
1.表示事物的编号,用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如:
Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼
2.表示年月日,“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如:
1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日
3.表示时间,用基数词。如:
2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three
4.表示百分数,用基数词。如:
80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent
5.表示小数,用基数词。如:
0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five
6.表示电话号码,用基数词。如:
8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five
7.表示年龄,用基数词。表示第几个生日,用序数词。如:
Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。
8.表示分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths
数词几种常见考点
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时,用单数形式,但表示不确切的数目时,用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。
如:There are four hundred pupils in the primary school.
Hundreds of people get together at the station.
(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词,该名词用单数形式。
如:a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick
(3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。
如:one third(三分之一), three fifths(五分之三)
(4) 倍数的表达
在英语中,数词用于表达倍数时,可以采用以下几种方式:
①基本倍数表达:两倍:twice一倍:once 两倍以上:times(例如:three times,four times)
②比较级和原级结合:
A + be + ... times + adj./adv. + than + B
例如:This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.(这座桥比那座桥长3倍。)
A + be + ... times + as + adj./adv. + as + B
例如:This bridge is 4 times as long as that one.(这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。)
③尺寸大小、长宽高深的倍数表达:A + be/v. + ... times the size/length/width/height/depth of + B
例如:China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area.(在面积上,中国几乎是墨西哥的五倍大。)
④使用“what”引导的从句:A + be/v. + ... times + what从句
例如:The length of the road is twice what it was three years ago.(这条路是三年前的两倍长。)
一、单项选择
1.More than ten ________ tourists went to see the flower show on that day.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of D.thousand of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:那天,超过一万名游客去观看了花展。
考查thousand的用法。thousand千;thousands复数形式;thousands of成千上万的;thousand of表述错误。ten为基数词,意思是“十”,基数词后需跟thousand单数形式。thousands为复数形式,表示概括,不可与基数词连用;thousands of是固定短语,用来修饰可数名词复数,不可与基数词连用。故选A。
2.Next Sunday is my son’s ________ birthday. I want to buy him a present.
A.the twelfth B.twelve C.twelfth D.the twelve
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下周日是我儿子12周岁的生日,我想给他买个礼物。
考查序数词。twelfth第十二,序数词;twelve十二,基数词。表示“某人的第几个生日”用序数词,前面有形容词性物主代词my时,不用定冠词the,故选C。
3.This is my _________ time to see NeZha 2. But I want to see it _________ time.
A.the second; the third B.second; a third
C.the second time; a third D.second; the third
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我第二次看《哪吒 2》。但是我想再看一次。
考查序数词的使用。第一个空,此处有形容词性物主代词“my”修饰“time”时,前面不用定冠词“the”,所以用“second” 。第二个空,“a third time”表示“又一次,再一次”,此处指“我想再看一次《哪吒 2》”,“a + 序数词” 表示 “又一,再一”。故选B。
4.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)According to a survey, two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions.
—How many people support environmental actions?
—It’s about ________ people.
A.fifty seven B.sixty seven C.sixty six D.seventy six
【答案】B
【详解】句意:根据一项调查,100人中有三分之二的人支持环保行动。——多少人支持环保行动?——大约67人。
考查数字运算。根据“two thirds of the 100 people support environmental actions”可知。100人中有三分之二的人支持环保行动,即大约67人。故选B。
5.(2024·陕西西安·二模)There are _________ floors in the building. The art room is on the _________ floor.
A.twelfth; twelfth B.twelve; twelve C.twelfth; twelve D.twelve; twelfth
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这栋楼有十二层。美术教室在十二楼。
考查数词。twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词。第一空后是复数,表示楼层数用基数词;第二空后是单数名词,表示在第几层楼用序数词。故选D。
6.(2024·海南海口·三模)Parents should give their children a ________ chance and encourage them to try again. Failing doesn’t mean anything.
A.two B.twice C.second
【答案】C
【详解】句意:父母应该给他们的孩子第二次机会,鼓励他们再试一次。失败并不意味着什么。
考查数词。two二;twice两次;second第二。根据“chance and encourage them to try again”可知,这里指的是给第二次机会,“a+序数词”,表示“又一,再一”。故选C。
7.(2024·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·二模)—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school?
—In our school, ________ of the teachers ________ women teachers.
A.third fourth; are B.third fourths; is
C.three fourths; is D.three fourths; are
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——苏珊,你们学校有多少女老师?——在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。
考查分数表达法及其用法。在英语中,分数的表达方法是:基数词(分子)+序数词(分母),分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。
8.(2024·四川攀枝花·二模)There are fifty students in this class, ________ of them are boys, so the number of the boys ________ thirty.
A.three fifths; is B.three five; are C.three fifth; are D.third five; is
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个班有50个学生,其中五分之三是男孩,所以男孩的人数是30。
考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,分子是three;序数词作分母,除了分子是1以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式,此处分母用序数词的复数fifths。the number of“……的数量”,作主语,谓语动词用单数is。故选A。
9.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—How long is the bridge?
—About ________ long.
A.two thousand metre B.two thousand metres
C.two thousands metre D.two thousands metres
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这座桥有多长?——大约2000米长。
考查数词的表达。thousand前有基数词修饰,不加s,后面的名词用复数形式,故选B。
10.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)—Which room shall we live in tonight?
—In ________.
A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们今晚住哪个房间?——住406房间。
考查房间号的表达方式。在英语中,房间号通常直接用“Room+数字”表示,不需要加冠词“the”或改变数字与“Room”的顺序,故B选项符合结构。故选B。
二、单词拼写
1.The (nine) lesson is very interesting.
【答案】ninth
【详解】句意:第九课非常有趣。根据“The...(nine) lesson is very interesting.”可知,此处特指第九课,空处应是序数词ninth。故填ninth。
2.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)My bedroom is on the (two) floor.
【答案】second
【详解】句意:我的卧室在二楼。two二,基数词,根据“My bedroom is on the...floor.”可知,此处表示“第二”,应用序数词second。故填second。
3.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Tomorrow is his grandma’s (ninety) birthday.
【答案】ninetieth
【详解】句意:明天是他奶奶的九十岁生日。在英语中,表示“第几”的生日时,需要使用序数词。这里的“ninety”需要变为序数词“ninetieth”,表示“第九十”。故填ninetieth。
4.(2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测)Red Star Over China (《红星照耀中国》) is so popular that two (three) of the students in our class have finished reading it.
【答案】thirds
【详解】句意:《红星照耀中国》非常受欢迎,以至于我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。根据“two”和所给词可知,此处考查分数的表达,基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。故填thirds。
5.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)China will send off the Shenzhou spacecraft for the time in 2025. (twenty)
【答案】twentieth
【详解】句意:中国将在2025年第20次发射神舟飞船。根据“the...time”可知,此处应填序数词twentieth,构成the twentieth time表示“第20次”。故填twentieth。
6.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The book he wrote is my favourite because it has the most exciting plot. (five)
【答案】fifth
【详解】句意:他写的第五本书是我最喜欢的,因为它有最激动人心的情节。five“五”,基数词,the后跟序数词fifth表顺序,修饰单数名词book。故填fifth。
7.(2025·上海长宁·一模)He scored the winning goal in the round of the football matches. (four)
【答案】fourth
【详解】句意:他在第四轮足球比赛中踢进制胜的一球。根据“He scored the winning goal in the…round of the football matches.”的语境可知,此处表示在第四轮比赛发生的事情,应用序数词形式,fourth“第四”符合。故填fourth。
8.(2025·上海宝山·一模)The lift went wrong when it came to the floor. (twelve)
【答案】twelfth
【详解】句意:电梯开到十二楼时出了故障。此处指“第十二楼”,表示顺序用序数词twelfth“第十二”。故填twelfth。
9.(2025·上海静安·一模)Do you know who won the gold medal for China at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games? (one)
【答案】first
【详解】句意:你知道谁在2024年巴黎奥运会上为中国赢得了第一枚金牌吗?根据题干及所给词汇可知,考查定冠词the后面加序数词;one“一”,基数词,序数词形式是first。故填first。
10.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)I decided to use the model I made for the competition. (eight)
【答案】eighth
【详解】句意:我决定使用我为比赛制作的第八个模型。the后加序数词,表示顺序,eight的序数词是eighth “第八”,符合语境。故填eighth。
11.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Did you find me in the photo? I’m the from the left. (three)
【答案】third
【详解】句意:你在照片里找到我了吗?我是左边第三个。根据“I’m the … from the left.”可知,此处是指左边第三个,应用基数词three的序数词third“第三”,在句中表示顺序。故填third。
12.We celebrated our (fourteen) birthday in May.
【答案】fourteenth
【详解】句意:我们在五月份庆祝了我们的第十四个生日。句中“birthday”表示“生日”,在英语中,表示“第几个生日”时要用序数词。基数词“fourteen”表示“十四”,其序数词形式是“fourteenth”,表示“第十四”。故填fourteenth。
13.(2025·山东泰安·一模)My mother is 39 years old, and next year she is going to celebrate her f birthday.
【答案】(f)ortieth
【详解】句意:我妈妈39岁了,她将在下一年庆祝她的第40个生日。根据“My mother is 39 years old”、“birthday”并结合所给首字母可知,妈妈现在39岁,故下一年她将庆祝她的第四十个生日。“第四十”fortieth,序数词。故填(f)ortieth。
14.Every day in autumn (hundred) of people come to enjoy chrysanthemums in Xihui Park and Huishan Ancient Town.
【答案】hundreds
【详解】句意:在秋天,每天都有成百上千的人来到锡惠公园和惠山古镇欣赏菊花。根据“of people”可知,此处用固定搭配hundreds of“成百上千的”,故填hundreds。
15.My mother’s birthday is on the (twenty) of December.
【答案】twentieth
【详解】句意:我妈妈的生日在十二月二十日。表示具体的日期,应用序数词,twenty的序数词形式为twentieth,故填twentieth。
1. (2024年·广州中考·真题) At that moment, Dad noticed a seabird walking the penguin eggs near the rocks. He quickly drove it away.
A.above B.off C.towards D.from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:就在这时,爸爸注意到一只海鸟朝岩石附近的企鹅蛋走去。
above 在……以上,超过;off 从……离开;towards 向,朝着;from 从。根据“walking ... the penguin eggs”可知,是向企鹅蛋走去。故选C。
2. (2024年·深圳中考·真题) My teammates are international students coming different countries.
【答案】from
【详解】句意:我的队员们都是来自不同国家的国际学生。come from“来自”。故填from。
3. (2023年·广东省中考·真题)As time went , the forms of toothbrushes changed.
【答案】by
【详解】句意:随着时间的推移,牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time went by“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。
4. (2023年·广州中考·真题) everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying!
A.In B.To C.For D.At
【答案】B
【详解】句意:令每只鸟都吃惊的是,小六是第一个开始飞的。
In在……里面;To到;For为了;At在。to one’s surprise“令某人吃惊的是”。故选B。
5. (2022年·深圳中考·真题) What he did helped the cultural exchanges between China and Europe by means of music.(语法填空)
【答案】with
【详解】句意:他所做的一切都有助于通过音乐促进中欧之间的文化交流。根据“helped”可知,help with sth“在某方面帮助……”,故填with。
6. (2022年·广东省中考·真题) Tea is mostly produced Asian countries like China and India. (语法填空)
【答案】in
【详解】句意:茶叶主要产自中国和印度等亚洲国家。根据“Tea is mostly produced...Asian countries like China and India.”可知,用在国家前,用介词in,故填in。
7. (2022年·广东省中考·真题) She was born and raised village in Hebei province.
A.in B.for C.with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她出生在河北省的一个农村,并在那里长大。
in在……中;for为了;with和。根据“She was born and raised...village in Hebei province.”可知,出生在河北省的一个农村,用介词in,故选A。
8. (2022年·广州中考·真题)However, a month, I noticed that the tank was getting dirty.
A. before B. for C. after D. during
【答案】C
【详解】句意:然而,一个月后,我注意到鱼缸变脏了。
before在……之前;for持续一段时间;after在……之后;during在……期间。根据“I noticed that the tank was getting dirty.”可知,应该是过了一个月后,才发现鱼缸变脏的。故选C。
9.(2024·北京·中考真题)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:嫦娥六号在2024年6月2日成功登上月球背面。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的时刻前面;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上;to表示方向或目的地;in用于年、月、季节的前面。根据“June 2, 2024”可知是具体的某一天,因此应用介词on。故选B。
10.(2024·福建·中考真题)—May I take your order, Mr. Chen?
—I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake ________.
A.by mistake B.at times C.as usual
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——陈先生,我可以给您点单吗?——我照常一杯咖啡和一个蛋糕。
考查介词短语。by mistake错误地;at times有时;as usual像往常一样。根据“I’d like a cup of coffee and a cake”可知此处指跟往常一样吃咖啡和蛋糕。故选C。
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
►Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
►Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
►Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for
达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during
在……期间
through
一直……(从开始到结束)
►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
►under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
►There is a tree in front of the house.
►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词
用 法
示 例
at
+某个时刻
at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间
at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on
+具体的某一天
on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日
on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚
on Sunday morning 在周日上午
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in
+较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节)
in the 21st century 在21世纪
in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年
in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚
in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在傍晚
+一段时间
in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中
2)表示时间的介词since, for, from... to...
介词
用 法
示 例
since
+时间点;表示“自从……以来”,通常与完成时连用
She has been in Guangzhou since 2010.
自2010年以来,她一直在广州。
for
+一段时间;表示“持续一段时间”,可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态,谓语动词只能用延续性动词
Jim stayed with us for three days.
吉姆和我们一起住了三天。
She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。
from... to...
表示“从……到……”,可用于过去时、现在时和将来时
My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。
3)表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under
介 词
用 法
示 例
on在……上面
表示一物在另一物上面,两物接触
The pencil-box is on the desk.
笔盒在书桌上。
above在……之上;高于……
两物不接触,不说明是否垂直
We are flying above the clouds.
我们在云层上面飞行。
below在……之下;低于……
Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。
over在……正上方
两物不接触,是垂直关系
There is a bridge over the river.
河上有一座桥。
under在……正下方
Your football is under the table.
你的足球在桌子下面。
4)表示方位的介词in, on, to
介词
用 法
示 例
in
表示在某地范围之内
Guangdong is in the south of China.
广东在中国南部。
on
表示与某地相邻或接壤
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
广东在湖南南边。
to
表示在某地范围之外
Guangdong is to the south of Hubei.
广东在湖北南面。
5)表示动态的介词across, through
介词
用 法
示 例
across
从表面上穿过;横穿
Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。
through
从中间(内部)穿过
The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。
6)表示方式的介词by, in, with
介词
用 法
示 例
by
乘坐交通工具
I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。
通过……方式
You can turn on the machine by pressing this button.
你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。
in
用某种语言或材料
Please say it in English. 请用英文说。
You’d better write the letter in ink.
你最好用钢笔写信。
with
用某种具体的工具或手段
You’d better write the letter with a pen.
你最好用钢笔写信。
We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。
考向4 介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1、 单项选择
1.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)Spring Festival was listed in the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产) ________ December 4th, 2024.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2024年12月4日,春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。
考查介词辨析。at后接时刻;on后接具体的某一天;in后接年份/月份/季节;for为。根据“December 4th, 2024”可知,空处指具体的一天,需用时间介词on。故选B。
2.(2025·江苏盐城·一模)Everyone was touched ________ words after they watched the film Hi, MOM directed by Jia Ling.
A.under B.across C.beyond D.through
【答案】C
【详解】句意:每个人在看了由贾玲导演的电影《你好李焕英》后都被感动得说不出话来。
考查介词辨析。under在……下面;across穿过;beyond超越;through通过。根据“Everyone was touched...words”可知这里表示“被感动得无以言表”,beyond words“超出语言表达”符合语境。故选C。
3.(2025·安徽蚌埠·一模)—How do you like the city, Tony?
—Wonderful. A small river runs ________ the city and makes it become two parts.
A.across B.on C.above D.through
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——Tony,你觉得这个城市怎么样?——很棒。一条小河穿过城市,把它分成了两部分。
考查介词辨析。across从……表面穿过;on在……上面 (与物体表面接触);above在……上方 (不与物体表面接触);through从……内部穿过。根据“the city and makes it become two parts.”可知,这里是指小河从城市内部穿过,用介词through。故选D。
4.(2025·甘肃陇南·一模)The little boy will never forget what happened ________ the evening of his birthday last year.
A.to B.for C.of D.on
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个小男孩永远不会忘记去年他生日那天晚上发生的事情。
考查介词辨析。to向,朝;for为了;of属于;on在具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上。根据“the evening of his birthday last year”可知,是属于具体某一天的晚上,所以用on。故选D。
5.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)The students all passed the exam ________ Jack. He was really sad.
A.except B.beside C.besides D.expect
【答案】A
【详解】句意:除了杰克,其他学生都通过了考试。他真的很伤心。
考查介词和动词辨析。except除了……以外;beside在……旁边;besides除了……之外(还),后面的名词也是包括其中的;expect期望,动词。根据“The students all passed the exam ... Jack. He was really sad.”可知,除了杰克,其他学生都通过了考试,应用except。故选A。
6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The eco-tourism project helps villagers earn more money ________ destroying the environment.
A.without B.with C.by D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:生态旅游项目帮助村民在不破坏环境的情况下赚更多的钱。
考查介词辨析。without没有;with用;by通过;for为了。根据“destroying the environment.”可知,生态旅游项目帮助村民赚钱的同时没有破坏环境。故选A。
7.(2025·吉林·模拟预测)My father usually goes to work ________ bus, but sometimes he walks.
A.by B.take C.on D.in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父亲通常乘公共汽车去上班,但有时他会步行。
考查介词。by+交通工具,表示出行方式;take是动词,句中已有谓语动词goes,不能再用take;on和in在表示乘坐交通工具时,搭配不同,on the bus/in the car等。所以此处应是by bus“乘坐公共汽车”,故选A。
8.(2025·江苏扬州·一模)—Excuse me, how can I get to the bookstore?
—Go ________ Center Street and turn right ________ the second street.
A.along; to B.down; in C.along; on D.up; at
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——打扰一下,我怎样才能到达书店?——沿着文华街向上走,然后在第二条街右转。
考查介词辨析。along沿着;to到;down向下,in通常用于表示在某个范围内,不适用于表示在某个街道上或某个路口;on在……上;up向上;at在这里表示在某个具体的地点或位置。根据句子的意思,我们需要找到表示沿着街道走的短语和表示在某个地点右转的短语。在英文中,go up通常用于表示向上走或沿着街道走,而turn right at用于表示在某个具体地点(如街道口)右转。故选D。
9.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)There is a bird ________ the tree.
A.in B.from C.into D.on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:树上有一只鸟。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面;from来自……;into进入……;on在……上面。鸟是外界的事物,非树上生长的,指外界的事物在树上,用介词in。故选A。
10.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)All of his family went on a trip to Wuxi, ________ his uncle.
A.includes B.including C.include D.included
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他的所有家人都去无锡旅行了,包括他的叔叔。
考查介词的用法。根据“All of his family”和空格后的“his uncle”可知此处应用介词including表示包括他的叔叔在内的所有家人都去旅行了。故选B。
11.We had a great time ________ the summer vacation.
A.in B.on C.at D.during
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们在暑假期间过得很愉快。
考查介词辨析。in在,用于年、月、季节等;on在,用于具体日期等;at在,用于具体时间点;during在……期间。根据“We had a great time...the summer vacation.”可知,句中表述我们“暑假期间”玩得很开心。“在……期间”应该使用介词“during”表达,表示暑假这个特定时间段。故选D。
12.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Visitors can see amazing ice sculptures in Harbin ________ winter.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
【答案】C
【详解】句意:冬天,游客可以在哈尔滨看到令人惊叹的冰雕。
考查介词辨析。to朝;on后常接具体的某一天;in后常接年、季节、月等词;at后接具体时刻。空后“winter”为季节,应用介词in。故选C。
13.(2024·河北石家庄·一模)—Who is the boy _________ short hair in the car?
—It’s David.
A.of B.with C.on D.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——车里那个短发男孩是谁?——是大卫。
考查介词辨析。of……的;with有……;on在……上;in在……里。根据“short hair”可知,此处指长着短发的。with与short hair作后置定语修饰boy。故选B。
14.(24-25九年级上·天津宝坻·阶段练习)________ the morning of September 19th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.
A.In; at B.On; to C.In; in D.On; at
【答案】D
【详解】句意:9月19日上午,许多游客来到火车站参观。
考查介词辨析。in用于表示年份、月份、季节;on用于具体的一天、具体的一天的上午或下午等;at在几点或小地方。根据“...the morning of September 19th”可知,空处指具体的一天上午,故第一空填On;“train station”是小地点,第二空应填at。故选D。
15.(2025·广东肇庆·一模)Miss Liu is strict ________ her students ________ maths.
A.in; with B.with; in C.with; with D.in; in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:刘老师对她的学生数学要求很严格。
考查介词辨析。be strict with“对……严格”;be strict in“在……方面严格”。根据“her students … maths”可知,是对学生在数学上严格。故选B。
16.(2025·吉林长春·一模)The outcome of the project largely depends ________ the team’s collaboration.
A.with B.on C.by
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个项目的结果在很大程度上取决于团队的协作。
考查介词辨析。with与……一起;on在……之上;by通过。depend on“取决于;依赖”,动词短语,此处是指项目的结果在很大程度上取决于团队的协作。故选B。
17.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)I left my key ___________ the lock and forgot to pick it out this morning.
A.behind B.on C.in D.under
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今天早上我把钥匙留在锁里了,忘了把它拔出来。
考查介词辨析。behind在……后面;on在……上面;in在……里面;under在……下面。根据“I left my key…the lock”可知,应该说把钥匙留在锁里。故选C。
18.(2025·安徽阜阳·一模)Mount Huangshan is known ________ a natural wonder. It is also known ________ its high-quality tea.
A.for; as B.as; as C.as; for D.for; for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:黄山以自然奇观而闻名,也以其高品质的茶叶而闻名。
考查介词用法。be known as作为……而闻名;be known for因……而闻名。根据“a natural wonder”可知,第一空表示黄山作为自然奇观的身份而闻名,故用“as”;第二空表示黄山因高品质的茶叶而闻名,故用“for”。故选C。
19.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)Tom ran ________ such a hurry that he left his schoolbag in his dad’s car.
A.on B.for C.to D.in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:汤姆跑得如此匆忙,以至于把书包忘在爸爸的车里了。
考查介词辨析。on在……上;for为了;to到;in在……里面。in a hurry“匆忙”,是固定词组。故选D。
20.(2025·陕西西安·二模)These trousers’ are ________ sale, and you can buy them ________ good prices.
A.on;with B.on;at C.for;with D.at;at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这些裤子正在打折出售,你可以以优惠的价格购买它们。
考查介词辨析。on在……上;with和;at在某处;for为了。“on sale”是一个固定搭配,表示“打折出售”或“正在促销”。因此第一个空应填“on”。“at good prices”也是一个常见的表达方式,表示“以优惠的价格”。因此第二个空应填“at”。故选B。
21.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)The local government is trying to prevent the “sky-high price” mooncakes ________ cheating consumers.
A.from B.to C.of D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当地政府正努力防止“天价”月饼欺骗消费者。
考查介词辨析。from来自;to到,向;of……的;for为了。根据语境可知,此处说的是防止天价月饼欺骗消费者,短语prevent...from...“阻止……做……”,应用from,故选A 。
22.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)Go ________ the street, and you’ll find it at the end of the street.
A.across B.cross C.through D.along
【答案】D
【详解】句意:沿着街道走,你会在街道尽头找到它。
考查介词辨析。across横穿,介词;cross横穿,动词;through穿过(狭小的空间);along沿着。根据“and you’ll find it at the end of the street”可知,要沿着街道走到尽头才能找到要去的地方。故选D。
23.(2025·江西·模拟预测)My childhood was filled ________ these warm memories.
A.of B.for C.with D.to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的童年充满了这些温暖的回忆。
考查介词辨析。of……的;for为了;with和;to到。be filled with“充满”,是固定词组。故选C。
24.(2025·天津河东·模拟预测)Some shops open ________ 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. during Spring Festival.
A.at B.between C.from D.about
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在春节期间,一些商店从上午10点到下午3点半营业。
考查介词辨析。at在具体某一时刻;between在两者之间;from从;about关于。根据句意及“10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.”可知,此处用“between…and”表示“在两者之间”,故选B。
25.(2025·安徽淮北·一模)You should keep a balanced diet and exercise regularly, ________ eating more fruit and vegetables.
A.like B.with C.under D.over
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你应该保持均衡的饮食和定期锻炼,比如多吃水果和蔬菜。
考查介词辨析。like像;with与……一起;under在……下面;over超过。根据“a balanced diet and exercise regularly, ... eating more fruit and vegetables.”可知,此处举例子,所以填like。故选A。
26.(2025·安徽淮北·一模)Nothing is impossible ________ the hard work.
A.into B.above C.across D.through
【答案】D
【详解】句意:通过辛勤工作,没有什么是不可能的。
考查介词辨析。into进入;above超过;across穿过;through通过。根据“Nothing is impossible …the hard work.”可知,此处是指通过努力工作什么事都可能发生。故选D。
27.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)The documentary Hexi Corridor has made Dunhuang a popular tourism city ________ young people.
A.inside B.beyond C.through D.among
【答案】D
【详解】句意:纪录片《河西走廊》使敦煌成为年轻人中的热门旅游城市。
考查介词辨析。inside在……里面;beyond超出,超过;through穿过;among在……当中。根据“young people”可知,敦煌成为“年轻人中”的热门旅游城市,表示在某个群体中,应使用“among”。故选D。
28.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)The giant panda returned to its home in Beijing Zoo early on Monday ________ spending 20 years abroad.
A.until B.before C.after D.during
【答案】C
【详解】句意:大熊猫在国外度过20年后,于星期一返回了北京动物园的家。
考查介词辨析。until直到;before在……之前;after在……之后;during在……期间。根据“spending 20 years abroad”可知,应该是“在国外待了20年后”,用after。故选C。
29.(2025·江苏常州·模拟预测)The concert is held at a time when the world is facing challenges ________ climate change, poverty, energy and food safety.
A.against B.except C.for D.including
【答案】D
【详解】句意:音乐会在世界面临挑战的时候举行,这些挑战包括气候变化、贫困、能源和食品安全。
考查介词辨析。against反对;except除了;for为了;including包括。根据“climate change, poverty, energy and food safety”可知,这些挑战是包含在内的。故选D。
30.(2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测)His painting style is quite different ________ that of traditional artists.
A.with B.to C.as D.from
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他的绘画风格与传统艺术家的风格大不相同。
考查介词辨析。with带着,和;to到;as作为;from来自。根据“...is quite different...that of traditional artists.”可知,空处考查固定短语be different from,意为“与……不同”,故选D。
31.(2025·四川成都·一模)—Annie, I’m a very slow reader, what can I do?
—You should read words in groups, don’t read word ________ word.
A.to B.by C.with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——安妮,我读得很慢,我该怎么办? ——你应该分组阅读,而不是逐字阅读。
考查介词辨析。to到;by通过;with和。word by word“逐字地”,故选B。
32.(2025·四川成都·一模)________ the Lantern Festival, we can see beautiful lanterns in all shapes at the fair in Zigong.
A.On B.In C.Between
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在元宵节,我们可以在自贡的集市上看到各种形状的漂亮灯笼。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面;in在……里面;between在……之间。 根据句意可知,此处表示在元宵节,表示在某个节日,用介词on。故选A。
33.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)Alice complains ________ the long travel to work, especially when it rains or snows.
A.on B.about C.by D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:爱丽丝抱怨上班路途遥远,尤其是下雨或下雪的时候。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面;about关于;by被;at在。根据“Alice complains...the long travel to work”可知,此处表示她抱怨关于上班路途遥远的事。故选B。
34.(2025·上海闵行·一模)You will be surprised ________ how quickly the world around you will change.
A.at B.in C.with D.for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你会惊讶于周围的世界变化得如此之快。
考查介词辨析。at在;in在……里面;with和;for为了。根据“You will be surprised...”可知,指的是对世界变化之快感到惊讶,be surprised at “对……感到惊讶”,符合语境。故选A。
35.(2025·上海崇明·一模)A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were ________ favour of the plan.
A.on B.by C.with D.in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:最近的一项调查显示,75%的受访者赞成该计划。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面;by通过;with和;in在……里面。in favour of“支持”,固定短语。故选D。
综合训练
一、短文填空
(2025·湖南永州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know that tea, 1 (popular) drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5, 000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first 2 (discover) tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over 3 open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there 4 some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks 5 (invent).
A few thousand 6 (year) later, Lu Yu, “the sage of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear 7 around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to 8 (West) countries took place in 9 (nineteen) century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture 10 (clear), the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
【答案】
1.the most popular 2.to discover 3.an 4.for 5.was invented 6.years 7.until 8.Western 9.the nineteenth/the 19th 10.clearly
【导语】本文讲述了茶的起源和传播历史,从神农偶然发现茶到其在世界范围内的流行。
1.句意:你知道茶,世界上最受欢迎的饮料(仅次于水),是偶然发明的吗?根据“drink in the world”可知,此处指的是最受欢迎的饮料,因此填最高级。故填the most popular。
2.句意:据说是一位名叫神农的中国统治者第一个发现茶是一种饮料。the first to do sth表示“第一个做某事的人”,用不定式作定语。故填to discover。
3.句意:一天,神农正在火上烧开饮用水。“open”以元音音素开头,且此处表泛指,需用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.句意:茶树上的一些叶子掉到了水里,在水里煮了一段时间。“for+时间段”表示动作持续多久,此处用for。故填for。
5.句意:它非常美味,因此,世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一被发明了。主语“one of the world’s favorite drinks”与动词“invent”为被动关系,且动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为三单,故be动词用was。故填was invented。
6.句意:几千年后,“茶圣”陆羽在他的《茶经》中提到了神农。此处表示“几千年以后”,用复数形式years。故填years。
7.句意:直到17世纪60年代左右,茶才出现在英国。根据“tea didn’t appear…around 1660”可知,此处表示“直到……才出现”,考查not…until“直到……才”,为固定表达。故填until。
8.句意:从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易,发生在19世纪。修饰名词countries需用形容词形式,Western countries“西方国家”。故填Western。
9.句意:从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易,发生在19世纪。表示“第几世纪”需用序数词,且前加定冠词the,故填the nineteenth/the 19th。
10.句意:虽然现在很多人都知道茶文化,但中国人无疑是最了解茶的本质的人。修饰动词know需用副词形式clearly,故填clearly。
二、选词填空
(2025·广东清远·一模)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
holiday, cold, important, but, there, dumpling, always, it, celebrate, on, mean, so
Winter Solstice (冬至) is the day with the longest night. It comes in December and it is the start of winter. The Chinese Winter Solstice Festival is a very 1 time in China like in other cultures around the world. In fact, 2 is a traditional saying: “Dōngzhì dà rúnián”. It 3 that the winter solstice is as important as the Chinese New Year. So how do people 4 it?
People worshiped the gods (拜神) 5 the first day of the winter solstice in China. This tradition could go back to the Zhou Dynasty. 6 the winter solstice only became a winter festival across China in the Han Dynasty. People had a one-day 7 . Like the Chinese New Year, it was a time for happy family reunions.
The winter solstice is not a public holiday in modern China any more. But many people still celebrate it. People 8 spend the holiday happily with their family or friends. They also get ready for the coming 9 weather in winter. It is a time for them to eat some delicious dishes such as 10 and Tangyuan. The festival is meaningful for Chinese people.
【答案】
1.important 2.there 3.means 4.celebrate 5.on 6.But 7.holiday 8.always 9.cold 10.dumplings
【导语】本文讲述了中国的冬至节及其重要性。
1.句意:中国的冬至节在中国和世界其他文化中都是一个非常重要的时刻。根据“The Chinese Winter Solstice Festival is a very…time in China like in other cultures around the world”结合备选词可知,冬至是非常重要的时刻,important“重要的”,形容词,修饰名词time。故填important。
2.句意:事实上,有一句传统谚语:“冬至大如年”。根据“In fact,…is a traditional saying: ‘Dōngzhì dà rúnián’”结合备选词可知,指的是有一句传统谚语,there be“有”,表示存在。故填there。
3.句意:它意味着冬至和中国新年一样重要。根据“It…that the winter solstice is as important as the Chinese New Year”结合备选词可知,这句谚语意味着冬至和中国新年一样重要,mean“意味着”,动词,主语是it,句子是一般现在时,故用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
4.句意:那么人们如何庆祝它呢?根据“So how do people…it?”结合备选词可知,指的是庆祝,celebrate“庆祝”,动词,助动词do后用动词原形。故填celebrate。
5.句意:在中国,人们在冬至的第一天拜神。根据“the first day of the winter solstice in China”可知,指的是在第一天,on“在”,介词,后跟具体的一天。故填on。
6.句意:但冬至直到汉朝才成为中国的冬季节日。根据“…the winter solstice only became a winter festival across China in the Han Dynasty”可知,此处表示转折,but“但是”符合语境。故填but。
7.句意:人们有一天的假期。根据“People had a one-day…”结合备选词可知,指的是假期,holiday“假期”,名词,用单数。故填holiday。
8.句意:人们总是愉快地与家人或朋友度过这个节日。根据“People…spend the holiday happily with their family or friends”结合备选词可知,人们总是愉快地与家人或朋友度过这个节日。always“总是”,副词,修饰动词spend。故填always。
9.句意:他们也为即将到来的寒冷天气做准备。根据“They also get ready for the coming…weather in winter”结合备选词可知,指的是寒冷的天气,cold“寒冷的”,形容词,修饰名词weather。故填cold。
10.句意:这是他们吃一些美味菜肴的时候,比如饺子和汤圆。根据“It is a time for them to eat some delicious dishes such as…and Tangyuan”结合备选词可知,指的是饺子,dumpling“饺子”,名词用复数表示泛指。故填dumplings。
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