Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section IⅡ Grammar and usage 课前预习自检 1重点词汇 1.to support sth publicly-ot.advocate 2.perfect;most suitable-adj.ideal 3.to experience sth,especially a change or sth upleasant-ot.undergo 4.a person who writes novels-n.novelist 5.something that you believe,especially as part of your religion-n.belief 6.very strict and difficult to change-adj.rigid 7.an area of a country or town,especially one that has particular features-n.district 8.break with st山与某事终止关联，破除 1教材原句 1.It was a time when many painters,musicians,novelists and poets looked at the world (以新的、不同的方式看待世界). 答案：in new and different ways 2.The aim of the Romantics was to (破除)the ideals of the 18 th century:they refused to follow rigid rules,instead,they (重视)the importance of imagination and feeling,the love of nature and a return to the past 答案：break with,:put emphasis on 3.In England,the greatest achievements of the Romantic movement (在于) poetry.especially that of William Wordsworth.Samuel Taylor Coleridge,George Gordon Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley 答案：lay in 4.Romantic poets (经常对发生的事不满 )in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science 答案：were often not pleased with what was happening 5.Instead,they (提倡回到to nature. 答案：advocated going back 6. ()celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry 答案：As a result 7.The poets also wrote about (个人情感和信仰) 答案：individual feelings and beliefs 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2XXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 8.Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,the poetry of the Romantic era (最伟大的宝藏之一)in Western literature.. 答案：one of the greatest treasures 9.Growing up in the beautiful Lake District,Wordsworth had a childhood that (对…是完美的)a developing poet. 答案：was perfect for 10.It was published in 1798 and (标志着…的开始)the Romantic era in poetry 答案：marked the start of 重点合作探究 break with sth与某事终止关联，破除（教材P48) reak down出故骑，抛锚：（身体、精神】 垮掉：崩溃：（谈判，关系等）失败，破 裂：（化学）分解：破除（障刷、信见等》 break in破门而入：打断（谈话等） break into强行间人；突然开始做（某事） 归纳拓展 rak其他 ku(战争、火灾，疾病等)爆发： 相关短语 发生（无被动语态） bmkp破裂，分手：结束 break through冲破；突玻 break away from脱离。挣脱 mkoT折断；突然停止；终止，结束 (关系) 情景助记 DThey are not afraid to break with convention. 他们不怕打破常规。 2You will break down if you take on more work than you can. 如果承担的工作太多，你会垮掉的。 3She longed to break in on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude. 2 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2xXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不愿显得粗鲁。 4There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house. 附近没有人可能会看见他试图闯进房子里。 5She broke away from the pack and opened up a two-second lead. 她甩开所有其他赛跑者，以两秒领先。 6She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 她掰了一块巧克力给我。 ☑了即景活用 介词、副词填空 DI was telling them about my exciting travels,when he break with a story of his own. ②The“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello 3Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple,although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits ④Shall we break our discussion and have some tea or coffee,please? ⑤A big fire broke last night,luckily,no one was killed or injured. 6When the thief was trying to break the bank,he was caught on the spot. 7Scientists hope to break soon in their fight against heart disease 答案：①in ②dowm③with④off⑤out(⑥into⑦through 2 rigid ad.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的（教材P48) gd或死板的，僵硬的；固执的。篮化的 归纳拓展 gy.严格地：坚硬地：严厉地：牢牢地 gy,硬度：刚性：严格；刻板：僵化：圣硬 gi.&(使)僵化：（使）固化 情景助记 ri语id ton-rigic DShe was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views. 她是个相当刻板、有着很强宗教观念的人。 2In a traditional Chinese family filial piety is rigidly observed. 在传统的中国家庭里，人们恪守孝道。 3Now is certainly not a time for rigidity 现在当然不是一成不变的时代。 3 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ☑了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DIt would seem more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than (rigid). 2The symptoms of the disease is muscle (rigid),which can cause his face to become expressionless. 答案：①rigidly②rigidity (2)单句表达 她直挺挺地坐着，吓得浑身发僵。 She sat upright,her body 答案：rigid with fear ad小vocate以.拥护，支持，提倡n.拥护者，支持者；辩护律师（教材P48 ealr(doing)sth提倡/铜 护支持（做）某事 比拥护。支 advocate that主张 归纳拓展 持，提倡 It is advocated that主张 小ocate m.抑护者，支持 an adyncate forfof 者：辩护律师 …的支持者拥护者 情景助记 DMany experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 2The report advocated that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。 3He became an advocate of large project. 他成了一个大型项目的倡导者。 名师点津 advocate接从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即should-十动词原形，should也可省 略。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ☑了即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 People advocate that everyone (live)a low-carbon life 答案：(should)ive (2)单句表达 他在会议上主张在市中心禁止汽车通行。 He cars in the city centre at the meeting 答案：advocated/advocates banning belief n.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心（教材P48) bevond beliet准以置信 elir,看法 信念：信仰： 1 clief in相信：对…的信即 相信，信心 hold the belief that..持有-的 观点 归纳拓展 believe in信任 helieve r. believe it or not信不信h你 相信： believe山hal相信… 认为 上is believed that据信4…，人们相 信…：人们认为… 情景助记 F BELEE DHer son's skin improved beyond belief. 她儿子的皮肤得到了难以置信的改善。 2I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。 3They need a leader they can believe in. 他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。 Believe it or not,he was here yesterday as large as life. 信不信由你，他昨天确确实实是在这儿。 5It is believed that the couple have left the country 人们认为那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。 ☑了即景活用 ()单句语法填空 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 DIn recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a (believe)that populations are increasing ②This belief "post-industrial society"has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (with negative consequences for their economies. ③Believing such a world,many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital,labour and goods,with poor results 答案：①belief②in③in (2)单句表达 据信这座城堡建于16世纪。 the castle was built in the 16th century. 答案：It is believed that Grammar 非谓语动词综述 0 思维导图功 非谓语动词作主语 非谓语动词作宾语 非谓语动词作表语 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词作补语 语法体验 单句语法填空 1.Mary's sister.Frances Toddy Wallace,often came over (plant)flowers in the front yard. 答案：to plant 2.Their faces were so powerful in a message of their despair(绝望)and need that I joined this project without hesitation. 答案：sending 3. emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person 答案：Being 4.This actor often has the first two tricks (plan)before performing,and then goes for 6 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2XXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 whatever 答案：planned 5. (help)us prepare for the exam,the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 答案：Tohelp 语法讲座 非谓语动词常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-d形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补语。见下表： 功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 动词-ed形式 √ 一、非谓语动词作主语 动词不定式与动词-ig形式都可以在句中用作主语。 To live is to do something valuable 活着就是要做一些有价值的事。 Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your preference and emotions. 了解你自己的需要和交流方式与学会表达你的喜好和情感一样重要。 1.动词不定式作主语时，常常用形式主语t代替，不定式置于句末。 常见句型It+be+形容词+(for/of sb)to do sthIt-+be十名词+to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sthIt's up to sb to do sth It is unwise of you to stay up late every day. 你每天熬夜是不明智的。 It is everyone's duty to obey the law. 遵守法律是每个人的义务。 It took her a month to read the novel. 阅读这部小说花了她一个月的时间。 It is up to us to help those in need. 帮助那些需要帮助的人是我们的责任。 7 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 2.动词-ing形式作主语时，有时也可以用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。 常见句型：It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/.十动词-ing It's a waste of time trying to get her to change her mind. 想让她改变主意就是浪费时间。 It's no good complaining-they never listen. 抱怨毫无用处一他们根本不听。 二、非谓语动词作宾语 动词不定式与动词-ig形式都可以在句中用作宾语。 1.afford,agree,arrange,choose,claim,desire,expect,fail,hope,intend,offer,pretend,promise, refuse,wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得表示愿意教他们滑水。 They intend to leave early tomorrow morning to avoid traffic jams 为了避免交通堵塞，他们打算明天一大早出发。 2.在advise,admit,avoid,consider,.deny,enjoy,finish,practise,suggest等动词后以及burst out, give up,insist on,keep on,put off等短语后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 We were considering buying a new car. 我们在考虑买一辆新车。 I'd advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August. 要是想在八月份去旅行，我建议及早购票。 I put off going to the doctor but now I wish I hadn't. 我推迟了去看医生的时间，但现在我希望我当时没推迟。 3.在lke,love,begin,.start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式 作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。 It started to rain =It started raining 下起雨米了。 I like talking with him for his humor. =I like to talk with him for his humor. 我喜欢和他交谈，因为他很幽默。 4.在remember,forget,.regret,try,mean等动词后，既可以接动语不定式作宾语，也可以接动 词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。 Remem ber to turn off the lights before you leave 你离开前记得关灯。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2XXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 I remember turning off the lights before I left 我记得我离开前关灯了。 5.介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。 How about going for a walk? 去散散步怎么祥？ My father was fond of fishing in the river when he was little. 我爸爸小的时候喜欢在这条河里钓鱼。 三、非谓语动词作表语 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-cd形式都可以在句中用作表语。 1.动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动 词不定式作表语，有的情况下o可以省略。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children 教育的目的是发展儿童优良的品格。 2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语。说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing 形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 It's surprising that the machine should break down only a week later. 这台机器竞然仅仅一周后就坏了，太令人吃惊了。 I was surprised that I was the first to arrive. 我很惊讶我是第一个到的。 My job is rearranging the books in the library. 我的工作是重新整理图书馆里的书。 四、非谓语动词作定语 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式都可以在句中用作定语。 1.动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-g形式作定语常表示正在发生的事，动词 d形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 The girl singing in the next room is his sister 隔壁房间里正在唱歌的女孩是他的妹妹。 Half of the guests invited to the party are his colleagues. 被邀请参加聚会的客人中有一半是他的同事。 These trucks carry goods exported to foreign countries. 这些卡车运送出口货物。 2.动词不定式和动词-ig形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 9 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？ The man being questioned is the only witness to the accident 正在接受审问的那个人是事故的唯一目击者。 名师点津 (I)the only,the last,.the next等以及序数词后常用不定式作定语。 She was the last to go to bed. 她是最后一个睡觉的人。 (②)被the only,.the best,the last,.the next等或序数词修饰的词后，常用不定式作后置定语。 China was the first developing country to independently perform a manned space flight. 中国是第一个独立进行载人航天飞行的发展中国家。 (3)ability,chance,.idca,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等抽象名词后常用不定式 作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 五、非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式都可以在句中用作状语。 L.动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词-ing形式和动词©d形式作状语可以表示 时间、原因、伴随、让步、条件等意义。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again. 我们将继续我们防治空气污染的运动，以使我们的天空再次变得蔚蓝。 He walked down the hill,singing softly to himself 他从小山上走下来，自顾自轻声哼着曲儿。 His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，他成了孤儿。 Knowing all this,I still want to see it for myself. 尽管知道了一切情况，我还是想亲自去看一看。 Seriously injured,she had to be sent to hospital at once 她受了重伤，必须立刻送往医院。 Given more time,we would have done the work better. 如果（当时）给予更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 10