专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文）（辽宁专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 环境保护,说明文 2 适中 文化保护,议论文 3 适中 环境保护,说明文 4 适中 方法/策略,哲理感悟,爱好,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 6 适中 科学技术 ,环境保护,说明文 7 适中 哲理感悟,夹叙夹议,生活故事 8 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 9 较难 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 10 适中 家人和亲人 ,科普知识 ,说明文 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,气候变化及影响 12 适中 环境保护,说明文 13 适中 议论文,人工智能 14 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 15 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 16 适中 动物,说明文 17 适中 学习,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 18 适中 发明与创造 ,环境保护,说明文 19 适中 体育健身 ,说明文 20 适中 语言与文化 ,说明文,考古发现 （一） （23-24高一下·辽宁省协作校·期中）Passenger ships, trade ships, and fishing boats are a normal part of life on the open sea. However, all their activity creates a great deal of noise underwater. Scientists who have studied the recordings of sound recorded with equipment placed underwater recently reported their observations that the ocean is getting noisier. Another report on the effect of noise from ships on the behavior of whales shows it is likely that whales must call out more loudly to be heard over this noise. The whales find fish by producing clicking sounds and other noises, loud engine noise could be interfering with (妨碍) their efforts. Michael Jasny, a policy expert for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says the rise of underwriter noise is influencing the ability of whales to communicate. “Shipping noise falls across the sea frequencies (频率) that these animals use for their important behaviors.” Mr. Jasny says sound travels very effectively underwater. And it is not just whales that he is worried about. “The entire web of life in the ocean depends on sound. And as more and more research has been done, it’s been very clear that what we have on our hands is really a significant serious and global problem. The main source of noise pollution is the propeller (螺旋桨). Better shaped propellers and ship designs can help cut down on noise pollution. Michael Bahtiarian, who works for Noise Control Engineering — a company which helped design the boats — said, “The technology to make quieter ships does exist and has been used in the military for some time. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has four new ships that have such costly engines, which produce less noise. These NOAA ships show that you can get quiet — I think they’re quiet enough — because they are able to go up quietly and count a fish and not startle the fish so that they can actually count them.” The shipping industry in the United States wants to be part of the solution to the noise problem, Kathy Metcalf, who works for the Chamber of Shipping of America, says it will be much less costly for the industry if it chooses to build quieter ships instead of being forced to do so. 1．What kind of effect do you think the noise made by ships has according to the passage? A．It is sure to get stronger in the future. B．It influences the normal life of whales. C．It makes underwater equipment unable to work normally. D．It makes it hard for scientists to track the activities of deep sea creatures. 2．What does Mr. Jasny want to express? A．Whales’ skill in finding food gets hurt most. B．There is no better way of solving the problem. C．The problem is far more serious than we thought. D．The frequencies of shipping noise should be increased. 3．What does the underlined word “startle” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Frighten. B．Catch. C．Dive. D．Feed. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Quieter ships have been designed to save money. B．The shipping industry should make quieter ships actively. C．The shipping designers are ordered to build quieter ships. D．The four new ships are the most advanced ships in the ocean. （二） （23-24高一下·辽宁省协作校·期中）In 1240, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II built Castel del Monte on a lonely hill in central Puglia, where he had a perfect view of approaching enemies. He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. Officially, UNESCO honors places that exemplify an area’s ancestry, with the purpose of ensuring they are preserved. Unofficially, this designation is a kind of fairy dust that often turns little-known cultural sites into overnight tourist sensations. This is both a gift and a cuss. Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. There is growing awareness that assigning UNESCO designation is worthless — or worse, harmful — without some kind of follow-up preservation program. “In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. 5．What can we learn about Castel del Monte? A．It was built to enjoy the view. B．It has become a hot tourist spot. C．It has to make way for a shopping mall. D．It failed to win UNESCO designation in 1996. 6．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cuss” in paragraph 2? A．Solution. B．Promise. C．Drawback. D．Chance. 7．How does the author support King’s words in the last paragraph? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Is UNESCO Helpful in Driving Global Tourism? B．How Can a Place Be Included in the UNESCO List? C．Why Is It Important to Market World Heritage Site Tours? D．Does Identifying World Heritage Sites Do More Harm Than Good? （三） （23-24高一下·辽宁省大连市·期中）Protect the night sky As a nature photographer, stars have always been one of my favourite elements in the photos. They offer an connection to a universe that is mysterious and grand, connecting our earthly lives to the heavens. Since the earliest recorded history, the night sky has sparked our imaginations and become deeply rooted in our cultures, traditions, artwork, and in later years, has inspired the development of technology with the hope of reaching beyond our blue planet. With the development of the industrial (工业的) world, though, we have begun to lose the clarity (清晰) that thousands of generations of people and wildlife before us have enjoyed. Because of excesssive (过度) use of lighting, stars have become fainter (模糊的). For photographers hoping to capture the magic of the night sky, they must seek new places. Dark places are far from the reach of a city, and those place are becoming harder and harder to find. Thanks to conservation groups, led by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), we have an opportunity to improve our night skies and recapture ancient magic. By holding the International Dark-Sky week, a yearly celebration of the night sky, the IDA is helping cities, communities and families do their part in helping make skies darker. Dark skies benefit more than just nature photographers; they are important to many wildlife species that also depend on them. Here are some simple steps we all can do that are easy and inexpensive: * Change your light bulbs to a dark-sky-friendly color, the closer the light is similar to “firelight” and the further it is away from a blue or white color, the better it is for the environment. * Use a light fixture that channels the light down and instead of wide and open. * Turn your lights off before bed! 9．Why does the author prefer photographing stars so much? A．They inspire the author to learn cultures and art. B．They are often paid little attention to by most people. C．They are hardly seen due to the industrial development. D．They build a close relation between universe and humans. 10．How can photographers get a satisfying photo of the night sky? A．By looking for places without light. B．By turning to government for help C．By avoiding using any light bulbs. D．By promoting industrial development 11．What can we infer from passage? A．Blue and white are the dark-sky-friendly colors. B．Many species of wildlife depend on dark skies. C．Little efforts are needed to protect the night sky. D．Joint efforts are needed to regain the darker sky. 12．What is the author's writing purpose? A．To highlight the value of protecting the night sky. B．To inform people of the current situation of night sky. C．To call on people to take action to protect the night sky D．To show author's great concern for the use of lighting （四） （23-24高一下·辽宁省七校协作体·期中）Although we may not have the ability to paint the Mona Lisa or write novels like Hemingway, everyone is born with a special ability — creativity. Some people can find and learn to show it early, while others might discover it later in life. Creativity has different meanings for different people, but unluckily a lot of things may stifle the development of it.And the importance of creativity is not valued as much as it should be. However, it has a powerful effect on one’s overall ability to get much success in life. No matter how busy one is, it is very important to leave some time to develop creativity. Trying out different hobbies is a great way to discover one’s creativity because it can be very enjoyable. Some people find one hobby and fall deeply in love with it. Some people prefer to try different hobbies for short time, or change them up each season to stay interested and keep trying different things. One great thing about a hobby is that there are no set rules. Each person gets to decide how often they want to do it and whether they want to keep it for a long time or move on to something else after trying it for a few weeks or months. Another cool thing about hobbies is that one can enjoy them quietly when spending some free time alone, or as a way to fit in a community. Book clubs, art or cooking classes,gardening clubs — nearly every type of hobby offers a chance to meet with other people with the same interest and build relationships. Hobbies can be a great way to create a community among co-workers. Usually, the simple act of developing hobbies can provide a chance for a person to find and show his or her creativity, which will produce great active changes. When people experience something as simple and great as creating something beautiful through hobbies,they begin to look at the world — and daily environments — in a fresh way. 13．What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stop. B．Mistake. C．Lose. D．Pretend. 14．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．There are no set rules to develop creativity. B．Trying different hobbies has many disadvantages. C．We can develop creativity by trying different hobbies. D．It’s enjoyable to try different hobbies at the same time. 15．What can we infer from the passage? A．Creativity can help people to look at the world actively. B．Enjoying a hobby alone can help fit in a community well. C．It’s better to have a long-time hobby than find something else. D．Taking up simple hobbies can provide people with better lives. 16．What does the writer probably agree? A．People are all born with creativity. B．People value creativity very much. C．Creativity comes from great success. D．Creativity means the most important thing. （五） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市联合体·期中）If you’re in the market for a new food or water dish for your cat, you might want to check out Free the Ocean’s Bamboo Cat Bowls. These are made of bamboo fibers and rice husks (稻壳) and are more eco-friendly than traditional plastic. The presence of bamboo-used as a renewable filler—is part of what makes the bowl greener. Bamboo, which is technically a grass, grows 30% faster than trees and as much as 1.5 inches per hour! Not surprisingly, it produces 30% more oxygen and absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide than trees, according to Mimi Ausland, founder of Free the Ocean. “It’s a cut-and-come-again plant, which means it can be cropped without disrupting the root ball, reducing carbon giving off when it’s harvested.” Rice husk is a byproduct of rice production that is a challenge to farmers because it is hard to break down and of no great value. Its use as a filler provides a purpose for an otherwise useless material and, along with the bamboo. Ausland said, “Plastic cat dishes harbor bacteria (细菌), which can put your cat’s health at risk. Even if pet owners clean them regularly, they cannot be fully sanitized. Plastic bowls are the main cause of cat diseases.” However, the bamboo cat bowl will not leach (渗入) harmful chemicals into your pet’s water the way that traditional plastic can and it is naturally free of bacteria. Cats will like the bowls, as they have low edges. With an easy-to-pick-up handle, they come in four colors. One customer commented, “My cats prefer these cat food bowls just like me. The cats like the low lip that makes it easy to eat out of. And the fact that they’re made of bamboo and that buying them makes a difference to the environment is amazing! And it is easy to wash in the dishwasher.” 17．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2? A．The importance of bamboo in nature. B．The advantages of bamboo over grass. C．The benefits of using bamboo as material. D．The role of bamboo in reducing pollution. 18．What does the underlined word “sanitized” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Replaced. B．Removed. C．Found. D．Used. 19．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To promote a new product. B．To give pet owners some advice. C．To introduce the functions of bamboo. D．To point out the link between material and health. 20．What can we infer from the customer’s words? A．Cats have low lips. B．Cats are easy to satisfy. C．He is fond of the new bowl. D．He doesn’t like doing housework. （六） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市联合体·期中）When most people think of drones (无人机), they think of technology and fun. Safe to say, few people would think about farming. However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. “We are flying over the field and we want to have enough efficiency and go relatively slow enough that our pictures turn out well and fly low enough that it is not using up all of its power,” she says. “The fields are a couple hundred acres, so you need your drone to be able to fly the length of that field.” Blayde says the team continues to learn a great deal of information that will help the farmers and the environment. 21．Why do students from York College of Pennsylvania build the drone? A．To enrich students’ amusement activities. B．To help farming and agriculture. C．To confirm the students’ abilities. D．To obtain more information about the drone. 22．What particular usage is the drone designed for? A．Measuring the areas of the fields. B．Assisting to monitor the state of crops. C．Spreading proper quantities of pesticides. D．Helping to determine the chemicals needed. 23．What technical issue of the drone shall be solved? A．Its camera version. B．Its durability and control. C．Its flying ability. D．Its further service. 24．What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. （七） （23-24高一下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu settled onto my grandmother’s dinner table. I immediately sat back. The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away. “It’s supposed to stink. Just give it a try!” my grandmother said. Holding my breath, I unwillingly took a bite. To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouthwatering. Thus, stinky tofu became more than a household tradition. It became my favorite dish. Along with the stinky tofu, I would meet my Uncle Chan on every visit. As an immature boy, I never understood my uncle’s condition of Down syndrome(唐氏综合征).He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in my eyes. He constantly walked around the house, talking to himself. Whenever he was within view, I would run away in fear. However, one day, my view of my uncle suddenly changed. I was just getting out of my bed when I heard soft steps approaching. It was my uncle. My muscles froze. He slowly sat next to me and touched my face gently, as a mother would stroke (抚摸)a baby. A wide smile emerged from his blank expression. How beautiful his smile was! I could not help but smile back. My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed. My uncle very much resembles stinky tofu. Stinky tofu smells unpleasant on the outside, yet feels warm and soft in the inside. Like stinky tofu, my uncle’s Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is harmless and has a loving nature. The outside and inside of the stinky tofu exist as two extremely different worlds. Perhaps that is what makes it such a tasty dish. Not only is it delicious, stinky tofu offers a valuable lesson: never judge people at first glance, for true beauty comes from the inside. 25．Why did stinky tofu become the author’s favorite dish? A．It was related to family tradition. B．It turned out to be quite delicious. C．Grandma encouraged him to try it. D．His appetite for food had increased. 26．The author’s attitude towards Uncle Chan changed when________. A．Chan’s footsteps woke up the author B．Chan showed his friendliness to the author C．Chan displayed his love towards his mother D．Chan’s blank expression made the author smile 27．What is purpose in comparing his uncle to stinky tofu? A．To highlight the nature of Uncle Chan B．To analyze the family relationship C．To describe a childhood memory D．To introduce a traditional Chinese food 28．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage? A．We shouldn’t judge by appearances. B．A person’s taste changes over time. C．Blood is thicker than water. D．You are what you eat. （八） （23-24高一下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Zurich told 50 people they’d be receiving about $100. Half of the people were asked to spend that money on themselves, and half were asked to spend it on someone they knew. Before giving out any money, the researchers brought everyone into the lab and asked them to think about a friend they’d like to give a gift to and how much they would spend. They then performed functional MRI scans ( 扫描) to get to know activity in three parts of the brain related to social behavior, generosity, happiness and decision-making. Their choices — and their brain activity — seemed to depend on how they had promised to spend the money earlier. Those who had promised to spend money on other people tended to make more generous decisions throughout the experiment ( 实验). They also had more interaction between the parts of the brain related to altruism ( 无私) and happiness, and they reported higher levels of happiness after the experiment was over. Another piece of good news was that planning to give away just a little bit of money had the same effects on happiness as giving away a lot. “At least in our study, the amount spent did not matter,” says lead author Philippe Tobler. “Even little things have a beneficial effect — like bringing coffee to one’s workmates.” It’s not yet clear how long these warm feelings last after being generous. But studies have shown that older people who are generous tend to have better health, says Tobler, and other research has suggested that spending money on others can be effective at lowering blood pressure. “Moreover, there is a positive connection between helping others and life expectancy (预期寿命) ,” he adds. Next time you think that the best way to make yourself feel better is to buy yourself a treat, consider that the opposite is likely true. “It is worth giving it a try, even if you think it would not work,” Tobler says. “Repeated practice is probably needed so that giving becomes second nature.” 29．What did the researchers find out about those promising to spend money on other people? A．They were much happier. B．They had less brain activity. C．They were slower at making decisions. D．They experienced higher levels of stress. 30．What does Tobler want to explain by mentioning bringing coffee to workmates? A．It isn’t hard to behave generously. B．Being generous will pay off in the end. C．The amount of generosity did not matter. D．Small acts of generosity can be seen everywhere. 31．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．Ways to show generosity. B．Health benefits of being generous. C．Reasons for performing acts of generosity. D．Influences generous people have on others. 32．What does Tobler suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Practice giving and make it a habit. B．Don’t expect anything in return when giving. C．Don’t believe happiness depends on a good treat. D．Perform something good even if it may have a bad result. （九） （23-24高一下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream (流播) directly to their television at their convenience. This behavior is nothing new. In fact, binge-watching has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode. However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and 25% have neglected their household chores (家务活). Next we’ll be missing work! Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction? The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning, then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.” 33．How did the writer develop the first paragraph? A．By giving a definition. B．By telling a story. C．By listing some examples. D．By analyzing the cause and effect. 34．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in Paragraph2? A．For convenience. B．At the same time. C．In detail. D．Free of charge. 35．What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that ______. A．people can’t control their feelings B．people can’t resist the temptation of Bingeing C．people have no patience to do work D．people are addicted to waiting for a new episode 36．What advice did the writer give at last? A．To keep online media from stopping functioning. B．To enjoy entertainment as much as possible. C．To learn life lessons from the episodes. D．To watch episodes in a moderate way. （十） （23-24高一下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）“If you don’t behave，I’ll call the police” is a lie that parents generally use to get their young children to behave. Parents’ lies work in the short terns，but a new study led by NTU Singapore suggests that they’re associated with harmful effects when the child becomes an adult. The research team asked 379 Singaporean young adults whether their parents lied to them when they were children，how much they lie to their parents now，and how well they adjust to adulthood challenges. Adults who reported being lied to more as children were more likely to report deceiving their parents in their adulthood. They also said they faced greater difficulty in meeting psychological and social challenges. Lead author Assistant Professor Setoh Peipei from NTU Singapore’s School of Social Sciences said，“Parenting by lying can seem to save time especially when the real reasons behind why parents want children to do something is complicated to explain. When parents tell children that ‘honesty is the best policy’, but display dishonesty by lying, such behaviour can send conflicting messages to their children. Parents’ dishonesty may eventually break trust and promote dishonesty in children. Our research suggests that parenting by lying is a practice that has bad consequences for children when they grow up. Parents should be aware of this and consider alternatives to lying, such as acknowledging children’s feelings, giving information so children know what to expect, offering choices and problem-solving together, to help children develop good behaviour.” The analysis found that parenting by lying could place children at a greater risk of developing problems that the society disapproves, such as aggression and rule-breaking behaviour. Some limitations of the study include relying on what young adults report about their past experience of parents’ lying. “Future research can explore using more information providers, such as parents, to report on the same topic,” suggested Asst Prof Setoh. 37．Why is a parental lie mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic for discussion. B．To tell a popular way to educate children. C．To prove the great influence of the police. D．To show the harmful effects of parental lies. 38．The underlined word “deceiving” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．worrying B．abusing C．disappointing D．cheating 39．According to the research，which of the following can parents do? A．Give children chances to choose. B．Force good behaviour on children. C．Let children solve problems alone. D．Stop children knowing what to expect. 40．What does the last paragraph imply about the study? A．It is quite controversial. B．It is rather meaningless. C．It needs to be perfected. D．It demands honest responses. （十一） （23-24高一下·辽宁省朝阳市建平县第二高级中学·期中）Antarctica (南极洲) is a great, icy land, surrounded by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn’t just cover the land. There’s also a large area of sea ice, which floats (漂浮) on the ocean’s surface. Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica has seemed to be almost not influenced by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the planet. In fact, until recent years, Antartica’s sea ice area mainly set records for growing. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antartica’s sea ice has been getting smaller. This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported that Antartica’s sea ice reached its maximum on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low — not just by a little bit, but by a lot. The last time Antartica’s low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986. And this year, there’s about 1.03 million square kilometers less sea ice than in 1986. It’s hard to picture such a large area, but it’s around 1.6 times the size of France. Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says, “Antarctica’s ice levels have always changed some, but the situation this year is pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the area.” The new low record has scientists worried. The sea ice is important, because it helps cool the planet. When it’s frozen, sea ice reflects sunlight back out into space. But when the sea ice melts (融化), the water left behind is darker, and takes in and keeps more heat. 41．What did NSIDC find about the sea ice in Antarctica this year? A．It protected the wildlife in the ocean. B．It grew and covered a wider area. C．It turned out to be difficult to observe. D．It reached a new record low level. 42．Why does the author mention France in paragraph 4? A．To present the total area of the country. B．To introduce a new topic for discussion. C．To show the sharp loss of Antarctica’s sea ice. D．To explain the position of the wonderful land. 43．What causes the change in Antarctica according to Ted Scambos? A．Low rainfall. B．Rising temperatures. C．Cold weather. D．Short summer months. 44．What can we know about Antarctica’s sea ice? A．It’s key to the earth’s cooling system. B．It’s just a short-term problem. C．It reminds us to find water resources. D．It offers humans a bright future. （十二） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市省重点中学五校联考·期中）Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today. The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism. In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100. The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there. Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance. 45．What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1? A．Polluted. B．Discovered. C．Endangered. D．Abandoned. 46．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting. B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100. C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented. D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top. 47．Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain how glacier melting came about. B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem. C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause. D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting. 48．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. （十三） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市省重点中学五校联考·期中）In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons. It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them. The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative — no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set. Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply. Regulators have been too slow in the past, but there is danger, too, in acting hurriedly. If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones. Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open-source models, which are freely available and can easily be revised. The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks, and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources. As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. 49．What does the first paragraph function as? A．An argument. B．An explanation. C．A lead-in. D．A comment. 50．What does the author think of AI driving humans to extinction? A．He believes it is a realistic possibility. B．He considers it fictional and unworthy for policymakers to pay attention to. C．He views it as an uncertain threat that needs more research. D．He perceives it as a seemingly reasonable situation that requires serious consideration. 51．What is the harm of regulators’ going too fast on the AI issue? A．Competition in this area is prevented. B．The development of AI is restricted. C．AI will be applied to a limited degree. D．The public will be misled about danger. 52．Which can be the best title of the text? A．AI: a Real Threat? B．Don’t Rush into Policing AI C．AI: Humans’ Friend or Enemy? D．Time for Government to Regulate AI （十四） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学·期中）The San Diego County Water Authority has an unusual plan to use the city’s scenic San Vicente Reservoir (水库) to store solar power so it’s available after sunset. The project could help unlock America’s clean energy future. Perhaps ten years from now, if all goes smoothly, large underground pipes will connect this lake to a new reservoir, a much smaller one, built in a nearby valley about 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, California’s abundant solar power will pump water into that upper reservoir. It’s a way to store the electricity. When the sun goes down and solar power disappears, operators would open a valve (阀门) and the force of 8 million tons of water, falling back downhill through those same pipes, would drive machines capable of producing 500 megawatt s of electricity for up to eight hours. That’s enough to power 130, 000 typical homes. “It’s a water battery!” says Neena Kuzmich, Deputy Director of Engineering for the water authority. She says energy storage facilities like these will be increasingly critical as California starts to rely more on energy from wind and solar, which produce electricity on their own schedules, without considering the demands of consumers. Californians learned this during a heat wave this past summer. “Everybody in the state of California got a text message at 5:30 in the evening to turn off their appliances,” Kuzmich says. The sun was going down, solar generation was disappearing, and the remaining power plants, many of them burning gas, couldn't keep up with demand. The reminder worked: people stopped using so much power, and the grid (电网) survived. Yet earlier on that same day, there was so much solar power available that the grid couldn’t take it all. Grid operators turned away more than 2000 megawatt hours of electricity that solar generators could have delivered, enough to power a small city. That electricity was wasted. There was no way to store it for later, when operators desperately needed it. 53．What is the function of Paragraph 2? A．To present the importance of a reservoir. B．To introduce the usage of solar energy. C．To recall a situation in recent ten years. D．To explain a way to store electricity. 54．What does the underlined word “critical” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Negative. B．Affordable. C．Flexible. D．Significant. 55．Why was a text message sent to everyone in California? A．To remind people of lack of energy. B．To warn people of danger. C．To tell people the sunset time. D．To persuade people into burning gas. 56．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Scenic San Vicente Reservoir B．Water Batteries to Store Solar Power C．San Diego County Energy Crisis D．Machines to Store Water in California （十五） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学·期中）The word paradigm comes from the Greek. It was originally a scientific term, and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory. In the more general sense, it’s the way we “see” the world —not in terms of our visual sense of sight, but in terms of perceiving (感知), understanding, and interpreting. A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps. We all know that “the map is not the territory.” A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory. That’s exactly what a paradigm is. It is a theory, an explanation, or model of something else. You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map. Each of us has many maps in our head, which can be divided into two main categories: maps of the way things are, or realities, and maps of the way things should be, or values. We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions. The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act. We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are shaped to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking from the unique angles of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences. The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions (观点), thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view. 57．How does the author illustrate the concept of “paradigm”? A．By presenting personal examples. B．By sorting it into different categories. C．By comparing it to an everyday object. D．By highlighting a sharp contrast. 58．What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．They fail to escape our attention. B．They prove wrong and unreliable. C．They may be lacking in accuracy. D．They have little influence on behavior. 59．Which of the following concludes the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Where we stand depends on where we sit. B．All men have opinions, but few think. C．Great minds think alike. D．The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinions. 60．What does the author advocate in the last paragraph? A．A more positive attitude toward life experience. B．A stronger sense of responsibility for others. C．A more objective view of others’ perceptions. D．A better understanding of our paradigms. （十六） （23-24高一下·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体·期中）Scientists say there has been a major drop in the population of leatherback sea turtles (乌龟) off the U.S. West Coast. One recent study found a 5.6 percent yearly decrease in the population. Leatherbacks are massive sea turtles dating back to the time of the dinosaurs. The animals can grow up to 1.5 meters in length and weigh as much as 680 kilograms. The leatherback sea turtles found along the U.S. Pacific Coast are actually born thousands of kilometers away, on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. The animals migrate (迁徙) 11,000 kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to mainly feed on jellyfish in waters off the U.S. West Coast. Then, they swim back. Scott Benson is an ecologist with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries. “There are birds that go farther, but they fly. There’s a whale shark that might swim a little further, but it doesn’t have to come up for air,” he said. Scientists say that if nothing changes, the leatherbacks could completely disappear from the U.S. West Coast within 30 years. The population drops are mainly blamed on international fishing activities, the destruction (破坏) of nesting grounds and climate change. The animals can be killed when they get trapped in fishing equipment. Scientists say the population is also harmed because a lot of turtle eggs are removed from beaches. Researchers say that while all the world’s leatherbacks are under pressure, the group that migrates for months across the Pacific faces the greatest threats. NOAA launched an aggressive plan to save leatherbacks in 2015 and is set to release a new action plan this month. The plan is meant to persuade governments and international organizations to join efforts to save the turtles. 61．Which word best describes the present situation of the leatherbacks? A．Promising. B．Worrying. C．Complex. D．Unstable. 62．What do the leatherbacks mainly survive on? A．Sea weed. B．Other turtles’ eggs. C．Little sharks. D．Jellyfish. 63．Which period is the most dangerous for leatherbacks? A．The period of migration. B．The period of fishing activities. C．The period of being on a beach. D．The period of laying eggs. 64．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Nature. D．Education. （十七） （22-23高一下·辽宁省沈阳市五校协作体·期中）In the coming era of budget cuts to education, remote learning could become a common thing. The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of remote learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster. Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support. Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life. American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and improve their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”. The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher. 65．What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically? A．Transforming traditional teaching. B．Eating nutritionally-well-balanced-meals. C．Growing into living and breathing human beings. D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers. 66．What does the author think of the latest technology in education? A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction. B．It may make many teachers jobless. C．It may add to student’s financial burden. D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching. 67．What does the underline word mean in paragraph 4. A．complexity B．inequality C．responsibility D．capability 68．Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher? A．It lacks humanity. B．It can‘t meet personal needs. C．It is still not advanced. D．It can’t track students’ growth. （十八） （22-23高一下·辽宁省沈阳市五校协作体·期中）The San Diego County Water Authority has an unusual plan to use the city’s San Vicente Reservoir(水库)to store solar power. The project could help unlock America’s clean energy future. Perhaps ten years from now, large underground pipes will connect the lake to a new reservoir built about 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, California’s rich solar power will pump (泵水) water into that upper reservoir. When the sun goes down, the force of water would produce 500 megawatts (百万千瓦)of electricity for up to eight hours. “It’s a water battery!” says Neena Kuzmich, director of engineering for the water authority. The technology that San Diego puts forward is already in use at more than 40 sites in the US. Some of them were built during the 1970s to store electricity produced by nuclear power plants. Now, the need to store power from renewable sources is bringing this old technology back. Water batteries have many competitors, when it comes to storing energy. However, they have their own advantages. Water batteries are a proven way to store large amounts of power. The San Vicente project would store about as much electricity as the batteries in 50, 000 of Tesla’s Model 3 cars. They also don’t require hard-to-find battery materials. The biggest problem with them is that it is hard to find places to build them. They need a great deal of water, land to build two reservoirs and permission to damage the landscape. Kelly Catlett, director of an environmental organization, says, “We won’t support projects that build new damns on rivers and damage ecosystems. But San Diego’s plan looks like something different, because it uses an existing reservoir and doesn’t damage any streams.” 69．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．What a water battery is. B．How the project will work. C．Why reservoirs are needed. D．What the clean energy future is. 70．What is the advantage of water batteries over their competitors? A．They can power Tesla’s cars. B．They can store renewable sources. C．The battery materials are easy to get. D．The technology applied is a new breakthrough. 71．What is the biggest challenge for water batteries? A．Damage caused to nature. B．The shortage of solar power. C．Limited ability to store energy. D．Proper places for construction. 72．What is Kelly Catlett’s attitude towards the project? A．Unconcerned. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. （十九） （22-23高一下·辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体·期中）It is very important to stay healthy. A lot of people aren’t aware of many benefits of daily exercise and only begin to do so when health complications (并发症) happen. Why then is it important to stay healthy? Regular exercises will help you burn extra body fat and keep your body vigorous. There are many health complications related to having too much body fat. Heart diseases that are often very deadly are mostly a result of extra body fat. Exercising keeps you sharp at all times. Keeping your body active also improves the functioning of the brain. Any kind of exercise is terrific. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good health, such as, basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too. There is a reason why most athletes are usually happy. Maybe the reason why you stay angry easily all the time is due to lack of exercise. Fitness exercises are ideal for strength building. Regular daily exercise will build body muscles and improve your physical strength. They are also important in strengthening your back for good postures. People generally become less active as they grow older, especially when they have small kids that expect to play with them. Daily fitness will help you get the much needed strength and activity to keep up with the youthful energy of your children. Exercising also slows down the aging process by tightening your skin and increasing your body’s metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate. Exercising is very important and some of the results of not joining in daily fitness are dangerous. Having fitness goals that actually mean something to you will help you develop a controlled daily fitness and achieve your desired result. These are just some of the benefits of having a strong fitness program. Many people ignore them and just begin to suffer from lifestyle diseases in their later lives. Exercise is very significant. 73．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Lots of people are too busy to exercise. B．Lots of people are used to staying quiet. C．Lots of people keep exercising when they are sick. D．Lots of people don’t realize the advantages of daily exercise. 74．What does underlined word “vigorous” menu in paragraph 2? A．Fit. B．Thin. C．Young. D．Graceful. 75．What will happen to us if we do daily exercise? A．We can’t get ill. B．We will eat more food, C．We can become energetic. D．We will become beautiful. 76．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What do people think about keeping fit? B．Why is exercise significant to keep fit? C．What kind of exercise are good for health? D．Why do people go to gymnasium to exercise? （二十） （22-23高一下·辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体·期中）A seven-word sentence was discovered on a 3,700-year-old comb (梳子),which is likely the oldest known sentence written in letters,according to a new study. The sentence is in Canaanite (迦南语),which is the source (来源) of later letter systems in European languages. The comb was first discovered in 2016 in Israeli. However,it wasn’t until 2021 that a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem first noticed the words when checking the photo of the comb. The researchers were not able to directly date the comb. They believed it dated from around 1700 BC based on comparison of the letters with those on pottery (陶器) with a known age. Garfinkel,a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,said,“The Canaanites invented the letters. Nowadays every person in the world can read and write using the letter system. This is really one of the most important achievements of humankind. When you are writing in English,you’re really using Canaanite.” Small groups of Canaanite letters discovered on broken pieces of pottery before did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites. But this find of a sentence written in the first letter-based language opens up the debate about the history during the ancient time period. Garfinkel said,“The sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city’s palace and temple area,which could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write.” The earliest writing system started around 5,000 years ago,which relied on hundreds of pictographs (象形文字) to represent words,ideas and sounds. Canaanites were the first to use letters in their writing system. “It shows that even in the most ancient times there were full sentences,which further suggests that Canaanites stood out among the early civilizations in their use of the written word.” 77．What do we know about Canaanite? A．It has a history of 3,700 years. B．It is the oldest known language. C．Its sentences are in many languages. D．Its letters are still in use at present. 78．How was the complete sentence in Canaanite found? A．It was discovered on some pottery. B．It was identified on a comb in 2016. C．It was recognized when dating the comb. D．It was recognized on a photo of the comb. 79．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The influence of Canaanite letters. B．The rules of using Canaanite letters. C．The problem in identifying the Canaanite sentence. D．The explanation of the discovered Canaanite sentence. 80．What does Garfinkel think of the new discovery in the last paragraph? A．Useless. B．Meaningful. C．Confusing. D．Unacceptable. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：主题、语篇范围 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 环境保护,说明文 2 适中 文化保护,议论文 3 适中 环境保护,说明文 4 适中 方法/策略,哲理感悟,爱好,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,发明与创造 ,说明文 6 适中 科学技术 ,环境保护,说明文 7 适中 哲理感悟,夹叙夹议,生活故事 8 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 9 较难 社会问题与社会现象,说明文 10 适中 家人和亲人 ,科普知识 ,说明文 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,气候变化及影响 12 适中 环境保护,说明文 13 适中 议论文,人工智能 14 适中 发明与创造 ,科学技术 ,说明文 15 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 16 适中 动物,说明文 17 适中 学习,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 18 适中 发明与创造 ,环境保护,说明文 19 适中 体育健身 ,说明文 20 适中 语言与文化 ,说明文,考古发现 （一） （23-24高一下·辽宁省协作校·期中）Passenger ships, trade ships, and fishing boats are a normal part of life on the open sea. However, all their activity creates a great deal of noise underwater. Scientists who have studied the recordings of sound recorded with equipment placed underwater recently reported their observations that the ocean is getting noisier. Another report on the effect of noise from ships on the behavior of whales shows it is likely that whales must call out more loudly to be heard over this noise. The whales find fish by producing clicking sounds and other noises, loud engine noise could be interfering with (妨碍) their efforts. Michael Jasny, a policy expert for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says the rise of underwriter noise is influencing the ability of whales to communicate. “Shipping noise falls across the sea frequencies (频率) that these animals use for their important behaviors.” Mr. Jasny says sound travels very effectively underwater. And it is not just whales that he is worried about. “The entire web of life in the ocean depends on sound. And as more and more research has been done, it’s been very clear that what we have on our hands is really a significant serious and global problem. The main source of noise pollution is the propeller (螺旋桨). Better shaped propellers and ship designs can help cut down on noise pollution. Michael Bahtiarian, who works for Noise Control Engineering — a company which helped design the boats — said, “The technology to make quieter ships does exist and has been used in the military for some time. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has four new ships that have such costly engines, which produce less noise. These NOAA ships show that you can get quiet — I think they’re quiet enough — because they are able to go up quietly and count a fish and not startle the fish so that they can actually count them.” The shipping industry in the United States wants to be part of the solution to the noise problem, Kathy Metcalf, who works for the Chamber of Shipping of America, says it will be much less costly for the industry if it chooses to build quieter ships instead of being forced to do so. 1．What kind of effect do you think the noise made by ships has according to the passage? A．It is sure to get stronger in the future. B．It influences the normal life of whales. C．It makes underwater equipment unable to work normally. D．It makes it hard for scientists to track the activities of deep sea creatures. 2．What does Mr. Jasny want to express? A．Whales’ skill in finding food gets hurt most. B．There is no better way of solving the problem. C．The problem is far more serious than we thought. D．The frequencies of shipping noise should be increased. 3．What does the underlined word “startle” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Frighten. B．Catch. C．Dive. D．Feed. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Quieter ships have been designed to save money. B．The shipping industry should make quieter ships actively. C．The shipping designers are ordered to build quieter ships. D．The four new ships are the most advanced ships in the ocean. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋噪声污染问题，特别是船只噪音对鲸鱼等海洋生物的交流与生存造成的干扰，以及现有减少船只噪音的技术与行业应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Another report on the effect of noise from ships on the behavior of whales shows it is likely that whales must call out more loudly to be heard over this noise. The whales find fish by producing clicking sounds and other noises, loud engine noise could be interfering with (妨碍) their efforts. ( 另一份关于船只噪音对鲸鱼行为影响的报告显示，鲸鱼很可能必须大声呼喊才能被听到。鲸鱼通过发出咔嗒声和其他噪音来寻找鱼类，巨大的发动机噪音可能会干扰它们的努力。)”可知，船只产生的噪音影响了鲸鱼的正常生活，使它们需要更大声地呼叫才能被听见。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“And as more and more research has been done, it’s been very clear that what we have on our hands is really a significant serious and global problem. (随着越来越多的研究工作的进行，很明显，我们手头上的问题确实是一个严重的全球性问题。)”可知，Jasny先生想要表达的是海洋噪音污染问题比我们预想的要严重得多，已经成为一个重大的全球性问题。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的前半句话“These NOAA ships show that you can get quiet—I think they’re quiet enough —because they are able to go up quietly and count a fish (这些美国国家海洋和大气管理局的船只表明，你可以安静下来——我认为它们已经足够安静了——因为它们能够安静地上去数鱼)”可知，这里描述的是新设计的船只能够安静地靠近鱼类计数，而不会惊吓到鱼。因此，“startle”在这里的含义应该是“惊吓”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The shipping industry in the United States wants to be part of the solution to the noise problem, Kathy Metcalf, who works for the Chamber of Shipping of America, says it will be much less costly for the industry if it chooses to build quieter ships instead of being forced to do so. ( 美国航运业希望成为解决噪音问题的一部分，美国航运商会的凯西·梅特卡夫表示，如果航运业主动选择建造更安静的船舶，而不是被迫去做，那么对行业来说成本将会低得多)”可推知，航运业应该主动建造更安静的船只，这样成本会更低，而不是等到被迫采取行动。故选B。 （二） （23-24高一下·辽宁省协作校·期中）In 1240, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II built Castel del Monte on a lonely hill in central Puglia, where he had a perfect view of approaching enemies. He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. Officially, UNESCO honors places that exemplify an area’s ancestry, with the purpose of ensuring they are preserved. Unofficially, this designation is a kind of fairy dust that often turns little-known cultural sites into overnight tourist sensations. This is both a gift and a cuss. Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. There is growing awareness that assigning UNESCO designation is worthless — or worse, harmful — without some kind of follow-up preservation program. “In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. 5．What can we learn about Castel del Monte? A．It was built to enjoy the view. B．It has become a hot tourist spot. C．It has to make way for a shopping mall. D．It failed to win UNESCO designation in 1996. 6．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cuss” in paragraph 2? A．Solution. B．Promise. C．Drawback. D．Chance. 7．How does the author support King’s words in the last paragraph? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Is UNESCO Helpful in Driving Global Tourism? B．How Can a Place Be Included in the UNESCO List? C．Why Is It Important to Market World Heritage Site Tours? D．Does Identifying World Heritage Sites Do More Harm Than Good? 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是议论文。某地荣膺联合国教科文组织颁发的世界遗产地后往往会迎来众多游客的慕名参观，这对于保护该历史遗迹究竞是好是坏呢？世界遗产地在获得这一荣誉称号后究竟应该采取哪些应对措施才能切实保护历史文化呢？ 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. (他可能从来没有想到敌人有一天会是游客。但如今，这座古老的城堡已经被擦得干干正正，数百辆色彩斑斓的普尔曼巴士沿着蜿蜒的道路蜿蜒而上，驶往城堡的场地，现在到处都是t恤摊、可口可乐的招牌和一个可容纳200辆车的停车场。这一切都要归功于联合国教科文组织于1996年将其指定为世界遗产。)”可知，蒙特城堡现在已经成为一个热门旅游景点，每天参观的游客络绎不绝。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据后文“Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. ( 世界观察研究所高级顾问丽莎•马斯特尼表示，对于那些被认为“对人类有突出价值”的地方来说，旅游业是一把双刃剑。它为许多贫困社区提供了获得经济回报的机会，但也威胁到该行业最终建立的人力和自然资源。”)”可知，旅游既给当地带来收入，又对世界遗产地的人文和自然资源造成了破坏。由此可见，“旅游对于世界遗产地而言既是馈赠又有缺点。故划线词意思是“缺点”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. (“在早期，人们并没有太关注这些遗址成为世界遗产后会发生什么。但这种情况正在缓慢改变，”国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心遗址部门主任约瑟夫·金说。在非洲，一个为期12年的培训项目正在进行中，该项目不仅教授当地人如何保护他们不可移动的文化遗产，还教授他们如何将其用于经济发展。在东欧，旅游业是一个相对较新的事物，城市正在寻求帮助，以弄清楚如何在保护历史中心和促进城市发展之间划清界限。)”可知，作者通过举例子来说明这种“变化”。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。文章前两段以蒙特城堡为例，讨论了某地荣膺联合国教科文组织颁发的世界遗产地称号后的利与弊：既带来了旅游收入，又对当地文化造成了破坏。最后一段讨论了一些地方逐渐开始意识到其中的弊端，并提出解决弊端的方法。故D项“认定世界遗产是否弊大于利？”作标题最能概括文意。故选D。 （三） （23-24高一下·辽宁省大连市·期中）Protect the night sky As a nature photographer, stars have always been one of my favourite elements in the photos. They offer an connection to a universe that is mysterious and grand, connecting our earthly lives to the heavens. Since the earliest recorded history, the night sky has sparked our imaginations and become deeply rooted in our cultures, traditions, artwork, and in later years, has inspired the development of technology with the hope of reaching beyond our blue planet. With the development of the industrial (工业的) world, though, we have begun to lose the clarity (清晰) that thousands of generations of people and wildlife before us have enjoyed. Because of excesssive (过度) use of lighting, stars have become fainter (模糊的). For photographers hoping to capture the magic of the night sky, they must seek new places. Dark places are far from the reach of a city, and those place are becoming harder and harder to find. Thanks to conservation groups, led by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), we have an opportunity to improve our night skies and recapture ancient magic. By holding the International Dark-Sky week, a yearly celebration of the night sky, the IDA is helping cities, communities and families do their part in helping make skies darker. Dark skies benefit more than just nature photographers; they are important to many wildlife species that also depend on them. Here are some simple steps we all can do that are easy and inexpensive: * Change your light bulbs to a dark-sky-friendly color, the closer the light is similar to “firelight” and the further it is away from a blue or white color, the better it is for the environment. * Use a light fixture that channels the light down and instead of wide and open. * Turn your lights off before bed! 9．Why does the author prefer photographing stars so much? A．They inspire the author to learn cultures and art. B．They are often paid little attention to by most people. C．They are hardly seen due to the industrial development. D．They build a close relation between universe and humans. 10．How can photographers get a satisfying photo of the night sky? A．By looking for places without light. B．By turning to government for help C．By avoiding using any light bulbs. D．By promoting industrial development 11．What can we infer from passage? A．Blue and white are the dark-sky-friendly colors. B．Many species of wildlife depend on dark skies. C．Little efforts are needed to protect the night sky. D．Joint efforts are needed to regain the darker sky. 12．What is the author's writing purpose? A．To highlight the value of protecting the night sky. B．To inform people of the current situation of night sky. C．To call on people to take action to protect the night sky D．To show author's great concern for the use of lighting 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了夜空对于文化和自然的重要性，以及工业化导致夜空变暗的问题 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a nature photographer, stars have always been one of my favorite elements in the photos. They offer an connection to a universe that is mysterious and grand, connecting our earthly lives to the heavens. (作为一名自然摄影师，星星一直是我最喜欢的照片元素之一。它们提供了与神秘而宏大的宇宙的联系，将我们的尘世生活与天堂联系在一起) ”可推知，作者更喜欢拍摄星星，因为它们在宇宙和人类之间建立了密切的联系。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For photographers hoping to capture the magic of the night sky, they must seek new places. Dark places are far from the reach of a city, and those place are becoming harder and harder to find. (对于希望捕捉夜空魔力的摄影师来说，他们必须导找新的地方。黑暗的地方远离城市，而目那些地方变得越来越难找到) ”可推知，摄影师可以通过寻找没有光线的地方来获得令人满意的夜空照片。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By holding the International Dark-Sky week, a yearly celebration of the night sky, the IDA is helping cities, communities and families do their part in helping make skies darker. Dark skies benefit more than just nature photographers; they are important to many wildlife species that also depend on them. (通过举办国际夜空周，一年一度的夜空庆典，IDA正在帮助城市、社区和家庭尽自己的力量让天空变得更黑。黑暗的天空不仅仅让自然摄影师受益；它们对许多依赖它们生存的野生动物物种来说非常重要) ”可推知，需要共同努力来重新获得更黑暗的天空。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Protect the night sky(保护夜空)”及第四段“Here are some simple steps we all can do that are easy and inexpensive:(以下是一些我们都能做到的简单易行且不贵的步骤) ”可推知，作者的写作目的是呼吁人们采取行动来保护夜空。故选C。 （四） （23-24高一下·辽宁省七校协作体·期中）Although we may not have the ability to paint the Mona Lisa or write novels like Hemingway, everyone is born with a special ability — creativity. Some people can find and learn to show it early, while others might discover it later in life. Creativity has different meanings for different people, but unluckily a lot of things may stifle the development of it.And the importance of creativity is not valued as much as it should be. However, it has a powerful effect on one’s overall ability to get much success in life. No matter how busy one is, it is very important to leave some time to develop creativity. Trying out different hobbies is a great way to discover one’s creativity because it can be very enjoyable. Some people find one hobby and fall deeply in love with it. Some people prefer to try different hobbies for short time, or change them up each season to stay interested and keep trying different things. One great thing about a hobby is that there are no set rules. Each person gets to decide how often they want to do it and whether they want to keep it for a long time or move on to something else after trying it for a few weeks or months. Another cool thing about hobbies is that one can enjoy them quietly when spending some free time alone, or as a way to fit in a community. Book clubs, art or cooking classes,gardening clubs — nearly every type of hobby offers a chance to meet with other people with the same interest and build relationships. Hobbies can be a great way to create a community among co-workers. Usually, the simple act of developing hobbies can provide a chance for a person to find and show his or her creativity, which will produce great active changes. When people experience something as simple and great as creating something beautiful through hobbies,they begin to look at the world — and daily environments — in a fresh way. 13．What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Stop. B．Mistake. C．Lose. D．Pretend. 14．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．There are no set rules to develop creativity. B．Trying different hobbies has many disadvantages. C．We can develop creativity by trying different hobbies. D．It’s enjoyable to try different hobbies at the same time. 15．What can we infer from the passage? A．Creativity can help people to look at the world actively. B．Enjoying a hobby alone can help fit in a community well. C．It’s better to have a long-time hobby than find something else. D．Taking up simple hobbies can provide people with better lives. 16．What does the writer probably agree? A．People are all born with creativity. B．People value creativity very much. C．Creativity comes from great success. D．Creativity means the most important thing. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了创造力的培养方法以及意义。 13．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中的“Creativity has different meanings for different people, but unluckily…”（创造力对不同的人有不同的意义，但不幸的是……。）以及下一句“And the importance of creativity is not valued as much as it should be.”（创造力的重要性没有得到应有的重视。）故可猜测，划线单词stifle为“扼杀，抑制”的意思，结合选项A项Stop“阻止，停止”意思一致。故选A项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第二段“No matter how busy one is, it is very important to leave some time to develop creativity. Trying out different hobbies is a great way to discover one’s creativity because it can be very enjoyable. Some people find one hobby and fall deeply in love with it. Some people prefer to try different hobbies for short time, or change them up each season to stay interested and keep trying different things.”（不管一个人有多忙，留出一些时间来培养创造力是很重要的。尝试不同的爱好是发现一个人的创造力的好方法，因为它可以是非常愉快的。有些人找到一个爱好，并深深地爱上了它。有些人喜欢在短时间内尝试不同的爱好，或者每个季节都改变一下，以保持兴趣，不断尝试不同的事情。）可知，第二段主要讲的是我们可以通过尝试不同的爱好来培养创造力。故选C项。 15．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, it has a powerful effect on one’s overall ability to get much success in life.”（然而，它对一个人在生活中获得更大成功的整体能力有着强大的影响。）以及最后一段中“When people experience something as simple and great as creating something beautiful through hobbies, they begin to look at the world — and daily environments — in a fresh way.”（当人们体验到通过爱好创造美好事物这样简单而伟大的事情时，他们开始以一种全新的方式看待世界和日常环境。）可知，从文章中我们可以推断出创造力可以帮助人们积极地看待世界。故选A项。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Although we may not have the ability to paint the Mona Lisa or write novels like Hemingway, everyone is born with a special ability – creativity.”（虽然我们可能没有能力画出《蒙娜丽莎》或像海明威一样写小说，但每个人都有一种天生的特殊能力——创造力。）可推知，作者可能会同意人都是天生具有创造力这个观点。故选A项。 （五） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市联合体·期中）If you’re in the market for a new food or water dish for your cat, you might want to check out Free the Ocean’s Bamboo Cat Bowls. These are made of bamboo fibers and rice husks (稻壳) and are more eco-friendly than traditional plastic. The presence of bamboo-used as a renewable filler—is part of what makes the bowl greener. Bamboo, which is technically a grass, grows 30% faster than trees and as much as 1.5 inches per hour! Not surprisingly, it produces 30% more oxygen and absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide than trees, according to Mimi Ausland, founder of Free the Ocean. “It’s a cut-and-come-again plant, which means it can be cropped without disrupting the root ball, reducing carbon giving off when it’s harvested.” Rice husk is a byproduct of rice production that is a challenge to farmers because it is hard to break down and of no great value. Its use as a filler provides a purpose for an otherwise useless material and, along with the bamboo. Ausland said, “Plastic cat dishes harbor bacteria (细菌), which can put your cat’s health at risk. Even if pet owners clean them regularly, they cannot be fully sanitized. Plastic bowls are the main cause of cat diseases.” However, the bamboo cat bowl will not leach (渗入) harmful chemicals into your pet’s water the way that traditional plastic can and it is naturally free of bacteria. Cats will like the bowls, as they have low edges. With an easy-to-pick-up handle, they come in four colors. One customer commented, “My cats prefer these cat food bowls just like me. The cats like the low lip that makes it easy to eat out of. And the fact that they’re made of bamboo and that buying them makes a difference to the environment is amazing! And it is easy to wash in the dishwasher.” 17．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2? A．The importance of bamboo in nature. B．The advantages of bamboo over grass. C．The benefits of using bamboo as material. D．The role of bamboo in reducing pollution. 18．What does the underlined word “sanitized” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Replaced. B．Removed. C．Found. D．Used. 19．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To promote a new product. B．To give pet owners some advice. C．To introduce the functions of bamboo. D．To point out the link between material and health. 20．What can we infer from the customer’s words? A．Cats have low lips. B．Cats are easy to satisfy. C．He is fond of the new bowl. D．He doesn’t like doing housework. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。竹子有很多用途，本文中作者介绍了一种新研制竹制猫碗，相比传统的塑料来说这种猫碗的特点是环保、使用安全。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The presence of bamboo-used as a renewable filler—is part of what makes the bowl greener. Bamboo, which is technically a grass, grows 30% faster than trees and as much as 1.5 inches per hour! Not surprisingly, it produces 30% more oxygen and absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide than trees, according to Mimi Ausland, founder of Free the Ocean. “It’s a cut-and-come-again plant, which means it can be cropped without disrupting the root ball, reducing carbon giving off when it’s harvested.””（竹子被用作可再生的填充物，这是使碗更环保的部分原因。严格来说，竹子是一种草，它的生长速度比树木快30%，达到每小时1.5英寸!根据Free the Ocean的创始人米米·奥斯兰(Mimi Ausland)的说法，毫不奇怪，它比树木多产生30%的氧气，多吸收35%的二氧化碳。“这是一种反复种植的植物，这意味着它可以在不破坏根球的情况下种植，减少收获时的碳排放。”）可知，第二段主要讨论了用竹子做材料的好处。故选C项。 18．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Ausland said, “Plastic cat dishes harbor bacteria (细菌), which can put your cat’s health at risk.”（澳斯兰说：“塑料猫盘含有细菌，会危及猫咪的健康。）以及划线单词句子中“Even if pet owners clean them regularly,”（即使宠物主人定期清洗）可知，前句介绍了塑料猫碗的害处，指出即使不断清洗细菌也不会被清洗干净，由此推断画线词sanitized意为“清除掉”，结合选项B项Removed“移除，清除”意思一致。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“If you’re in the market for a new food or water dish for your cat, you might want to check out Free the Ocean’s Bamboo Cat Bowls. These are made of bamboo fibers and rice husks (稻壳) and are more eco-friendly than traditional plastic.”（如果你在市场上为你的猫买一种新的食物或水盘，你可能会想看看Free the Ocean的竹猫碗。它们由竹纤维和稻壳制成，比传统塑料更环保。）可知，文章开篇介绍了竹制的猫碗，然后进一步分析这种猫碗的使用材料以及特点等，由此判断文章的目的是为了推荐新产品。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One customer commented, “My cats prefer these cat food bowls just like me. The cats like the low lip that makes it easy to eat out of. And the fact that they’re made of bamboo and that buying them makes a difference to the environment is amazing! And it is easy to wash in the dishwasher.””（一位顾客评论道：“我的猫和我一样喜欢猫粮碗。猫喜欢低嘴唇，这样吃东西很容易。事实上，它们是由竹子制成的，购买它们对环境的影响是惊人的！而且很容易在洗碗机里洗。”）可知，从顾客的话中我们可以推断出他喜欢那只新碗。故选C项。 （六） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市联合体·期中）When most people think of drones (无人机), they think of technology and fun. Safe to say, few people would think about farming. However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. “We are flying over the field and we want to have enough efficiency and go relatively slow enough that our pictures turn out well and fly low enough that it is not using up all of its power,” she says. “The fields are a couple hundred acres, so you need your drone to be able to fly the length of that field.” Blayde says the team continues to learn a great deal of information that will help the farmers and the environment. 21．Why do students from York College of Pennsylvania build the drone? A．To enrich students’ amusement activities. B．To help farming and agriculture. C．To confirm the students’ abilities. D．To obtain more information about the drone. 22．What particular usage is the drone designed for? A．Measuring the areas of the fields. B．Assisting to monitor the state of crops. C．Spreading proper quantities of pesticides. D．Helping to determine the chemicals needed. 23．What technical issue of the drone shall be solved? A．Its camera version. B．Its durability and control. C．Its flying ability. D．Its further service. 24．What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自宾夕法尼亚约克学院的一群学生正在建造一架无人机，帮助当地农民和保护环境的事。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, a group of students from York College of Pennsylvania have been building a drone that will not only help local farmers but the environment, as well. (然而，宾夕法尼亚州约克学院的一群学生一直在制造一种无人机，它不仅可以帮助当地农民，还可以帮助环境。)”可知，来自宾夕法尼亚约克学院的学生建造无人机是为了帮助当地农民和保护环境。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. (理想情况下，获得的数据将帮助农民更好地确定他们需要哪些化学品，以及他们不需要什么化学品。)”可知，无人机的具体用途是帮助确定所需的化学品。故选D项。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, finding the right equipment for the project was a challenge, starting with what drone the team would design for this particular usage. Samantha says she researched durability and control of drones to help make the proper determination. (然而，为该项目找到合适的设备是一个挑战，首先是团队将为这种特定用途设计什么无人机。萨曼莎说，她研究了无人机的耐用性和控制，以帮助做出正确的决定。)”可知，制作无人机遇到了挑战。需要解决无人机的耐用性和控制能力。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” (“我们真的想帮助务农和农业。这对美国和我们的经济来说非常重要”，布莱德说。“我们想帮助小农户，其中一个好处是不必把钱花在化肥和杀虫剂上。”)”可推知，他们是有责任心的，结合第三段中“The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. (这个想法是设计和建造一架无人机，该无人机将拍摄田地的视频图像，以确定生产最佳作物所需的条件，同时通过减少径流水中的污染物来节省资金并保护环境。)”可推知，他们是有创造力的。故选A项。 （七） （23-24高一下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu settled onto my grandmother’s dinner table. I immediately sat back. The smell ruined my appetite, and I pushed the dish away. “It’s supposed to stink. Just give it a try!” my grandmother said. Holding my breath, I unwillingly took a bite. To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouthwatering. Thus, stinky tofu became more than a household tradition. It became my favorite dish. Along with the stinky tofu, I would meet my Uncle Chan on every visit. As an immature boy, I never understood my uncle’s condition of Down syndrome(唐氏综合征).He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in my eyes. He constantly walked around the house, talking to himself. Whenever he was within view, I would run away in fear. However, one day, my view of my uncle suddenly changed. I was just getting out of my bed when I heard soft steps approaching. It was my uncle. My muscles froze. He slowly sat next to me and touched my face gently, as a mother would stroke (抚摸)a baby. A wide smile emerged from his blank expression. How beautiful his smile was! I could not help but smile back. My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed. My uncle very much resembles stinky tofu. Stinky tofu smells unpleasant on the outside, yet feels warm and soft in the inside. Like stinky tofu, my uncle’s Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is harmless and has a loving nature. The outside and inside of the stinky tofu exist as two extremely different worlds. Perhaps that is what makes it such a tasty dish. Not only is it delicious, stinky tofu offers a valuable lesson: never judge people at first glance, for true beauty comes from the inside. 25．Why did stinky tofu become the author’s favorite dish? A．It was related to family tradition. B．It turned out to be quite delicious. C．Grandma encouraged him to try it. D．His appetite for food had increased. 26．The author’s attitude towards Uncle Chan changed when________. A．Chan’s footsteps woke up the author B．Chan showed his friendliness to the author C．Chan displayed his love towards his mother D．Chan’s blank expression made the author smile 27．What is purpose in comparing his uncle to stinky tofu? A．To highlight the nature of Uncle Chan B．To analyze the family relationship C．To describe a childhood memory D．To introduce a traditional Chinese food 28．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage? A．We shouldn’t judge by appearances. B．A person’s taste changes over time. C．Blood is thicker than water. D．You are what you eat. 【答案】25．B 26．B 27．A 28．A 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过讲述吃臭豆腐和对患有唐氏综合征的叔叔他的态度转变的经历告诉我们不能用表面判断一个人，因为真正的美是发自内心的。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To my surprise, the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm, soft, and mouthwatering. Thus, stinky tofu became more than a household tradition. It became my favorite dish.”（令我惊讶的是，炸皮下面的豆腐是温暖的，柔软的，令人垂涎。因此，臭豆腐不仅仅是一种家庭传统。它成了我最喜欢的菜。）可知，臭豆腐成为作者最喜欢的一道菜是因为它很好吃。故选B项。 26．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He slowly sat next to me and touched my face gently, as a mother would stroke (抚摸)a baby.”（他慢慢地坐在我旁边，轻轻地抚摸着我的脸，就像母亲抚摸婴儿一样。）以及“My fear disappeared gradually, and my muscles relaxed.”（我的恐惧渐渐消失了，我的肌肉也放松了。）可知，当陈叔叔对作者表示友好时，作者对他的态度发生了变化。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“My uncle very much resembles stinky tofu. Stinky tofu smells unpleasant on the outside, yet feels warm and soft in the inside. Like stinky tofu, my uncle’s Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first. Yet, I learned that deep inside, he is harmless and has a loving nature.”（我叔叔很像臭豆腐。臭豆腐外面闻起来很难闻，但里面却很温暖柔软。就像臭豆腐一样，我叔叔的唐氏综合症一开始让我和他保持距离。然而，我了解到，在内心深处，他是无害的，有一个爱的本性。）可推知，作者把叔叔比作臭豆腐是为了突出陈叔叔的本性。故选A项。 28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Not only is it delicious, stinky tofu offers a valuable lesson: never judge people at first glance, for true beauty comes from the inside.”（臭豆腐不仅美味，还给我们上了宝贵的一课：永远不要第一眼就对人做出判断，因为真正的美是发自内心的。）可知，本文作者想以臭豆腐和叔叔的故事告诉我们不要以貌取人，心里美才是真的美。故选A项。 （八） （23-24高一下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）In a study published in Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Zurich told 50 people they’d be receiving about $100. Half of the people were asked to spend that money on themselves, and half were asked to spend it on someone they knew. Before giving out any money, the researchers brought everyone into the lab and asked them to think about a friend they’d like to give a gift to and how much they would spend. They then performed functional MRI scans ( 扫描) to get to know activity in three parts of the brain related to social behavior, generosity, happiness and decision-making. Their choices — and their brain activity — seemed to depend on how they had promised to spend the money earlier. Those who had promised to spend money on other people tended to make more generous decisions throughout the experiment ( 实验). They also had more interaction between the parts of the brain related to altruism ( 无私) and happiness, and they reported higher levels of happiness after the experiment was over. Another piece of good news was that planning to give away just a little bit of money had the same effects on happiness as giving away a lot. “At least in our study, the amount spent did not matter,” says lead author Philippe Tobler. “Even little things have a beneficial effect — like bringing coffee to one’s workmates.” It’s not yet clear how long these warm feelings last after being generous. But studies have shown that older people who are generous tend to have better health, says Tobler, and other research has suggested that spending money on others can be effective at lowering blood pressure. “Moreover, there is a positive connection between helping others and life expectancy (预期寿命) ,” he adds. Next time you think that the best way to make yourself feel better is to buy yourself a treat, consider that the opposite is likely true. “It is worth giving it a try, even if you think it would not work,” Tobler says. “Repeated practice is probably needed so that giving becomes second nature.” 29．What did the researchers find out about those promising to spend money on other people? A．They were much happier. B．They had less brain activity. C．They were slower at making decisions. D．They experienced higher levels of stress. 30．What does Tobler want to explain by mentioning bringing coffee to workmates? A．It isn’t hard to behave generously. B．Being generous will pay off in the end. C．The amount of generosity did not matter. D．Small acts of generosity can be seen everywhere. 31．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．Ways to show generosity. B．Health benefits of being generous. C．Reasons for performing acts of generosity. D．Influences generous people have on others. 32．What does Tobler suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Practice giving and make it a habit. B．Don’t expect anything in return when giving. C．Don’t believe happiness depends on a good treat. D．Perform something good even if it may have a bad result. 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文是说明文。研究发现，慷慨使人更快乐、更健康。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Those who had promised to spend money on other people(那些曾经承诺在别人身上花钱的人) they reported higher levels of happiness after the experiment was over(实验结束后，他们报告说幸福感更高)”可知，那些承诺将钱花给他人的人感觉更快乐，幸福感更强，故选A项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another piece of good news was that planning to give away just a little bit of money had the same effects on happiness as giving away a lot(另一个好消息是，计划只捐一点点钱和捐很多钱对幸福感的影响是一样的)”及Tobler所说的“the amount spent did not matter(花费多少并不重要)”和“Even little things have a beneficial effect(即使是小事也会产生有益的效果)”可知，Tobler认为慷慨的程度并不会影响快乐，他通过给同事带咖啡的例子说明即使微小的慷慨之举也能带来快乐，故选C项。 31．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“studies have shown that older people who are generous tend to have better health、other research has suggested that spending money on others can be effective at lowering blood pressure(研究表明，慷慨大方的老年人往往健康状况更好，其他研究表明，在他人身上花钱可以有效地降低血压)”及“there is a positive connection between helping others and life expectancy(帮助他人与预期寿命之间存在着积极的联系)”可知，本段主要讲述慷慨有益于健康，故选B项。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Next time you think that the best way to make yourself feel better is to buy yourself a treat, consider that the opposite is likely true(下次当你认为让自己感觉更好的最好方法是给自己买一份款待时，考虑一下事实可能恰恰相反)”及Tobler所说的“Repeated practice is probably needed so that giving becomes second nature(可能需要反复练习，这样给予才能成为第二天性)”可知，Tobler认为人们在生活中应该尝试给予，并让它成为一种习惯，故选A项。 （九） （23-24高一下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream (流播) directly to their television at their convenience. This behavior is nothing new. In fact, binge-watching has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode. However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and 25% have neglected their household chores (家务活). Next we’ll be missing work! Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction? The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning, then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.” 33．How did the writer develop the first paragraph? A．By giving a definition. B．By telling a story. C．By listing some examples. D．By analyzing the cause and effect. 34．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in Paragraph2? A．For convenience. B．At the same time. C．In detail. D．Free of charge. 35．What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that ______. A．people can’t control their feelings B．people can’t resist the temptation of Bingeing C．people have no patience to do work D．people are addicted to waiting for a new episode 36．What advice did the writer give at last? A．To keep online media from stopping functioning. B．To enjoy entertainment as much as possible. C．To learn life lessons from the episodes. D．To watch episodes in a moderate way. 【答案】33．A 34．B 35．B 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着互联网的速度和连通性的发展，技术的进步和点播娱乐公司的兴起，大多数人们都存在追剧行为。这种追剧对人们的生活、健康都产生了许多消极影响，就此作者建议看剧要坚持适度原则。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream(流播) directly to their television at their convenience. (Binge-watching是指一个人连续看一集以上的节目。随着互联网的速度和连接性的发展，技术的进步和点播娱乐公司的兴起，人们现在可以在方便的时候将自己喜欢的节目直接流到电视上。)”可知，本段是对刷剧的定义。故选A。 34．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段画线词前的句子“Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis (通常，我们不是按周发布每一集)”以及第二段中“Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode. (一集结束后，许多平台会弹出“你可能喜欢”的提示，或者自动播放下一集。)”可知，同时提供整个系列，画线的词指的是“同时”。故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, ‘The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.’ (消费者组织主管林赛·福塞尔说：“为下一集等待一周的日子基本上已经一去不复返了，人们发现很难抗拒在家里或在路上看多集的诱惑。”)”可推知，人们抵不住诱惑。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, ‘A little of what you fancy does you good.’ (那么，答案是什么?节制!既不要太少，也不要太多。毕竟，正如一句古老的谚语所说：“一点点你喜欢的东西对你有好处。”)”可知，刷剧需要有节制。故选D。 （十） （23-24高一下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）“If you don’t behave，I’ll call the police” is a lie that parents generally use to get their young children to behave. Parents’ lies work in the short terns，but a new study led by NTU Singapore suggests that they’re associated with harmful effects when the child becomes an adult. The research team asked 379 Singaporean young adults whether their parents lied to them when they were children，how much they lie to their parents now，and how well they adjust to adulthood challenges. Adults who reported being lied to more as children were more likely to report deceiving their parents in their adulthood. They also said they faced greater difficulty in meeting psychological and social challenges. Lead author Assistant Professor Setoh Peipei from NTU Singapore’s School of Social Sciences said，“Parenting by lying can seem to save time especially when the real reasons behind why parents want children to do something is complicated to explain. When parents tell children that ‘honesty is the best policy’, but display dishonesty by lying, such behaviour can send conflicting messages to their children. Parents’ dishonesty may eventually break trust and promote dishonesty in children. Our research suggests that parenting by lying is a practice that has bad consequences for children when they grow up. Parents should be aware of this and consider alternatives to lying, such as acknowledging children’s feelings, giving information so children know what to expect, offering choices and problem-solving together, to help children develop good behaviour.” The analysis found that parenting by lying could place children at a greater risk of developing problems that the society disapproves, such as aggression and rule-breaking behaviour. Some limitations of the study include relying on what young adults report about their past experience of parents’ lying. “Future research can explore using more information providers, such as parents, to report on the same topic,” suggested Asst Prof Setoh. 37．Why is a parental lie mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic for discussion. B．To tell a popular way to educate children. C．To prove the great influence of the police. D．To show the harmful effects of parental lies. 38．The underlined word “deceiving” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”. A．worrying B．abusing C．disappointing D．cheating 39．According to the research，which of the following can parents do? A．Give children chances to choose. B．Force good behaviour on children. C．Let children solve problems alone. D．Stop children knowing what to expect. 40．What does the last paragraph imply about the study? A．It is quite controversial. B．It is rather meaningless. C．It needs to be perfected. D．It demands honest responses. 【答案】37．A 38．D 39．A 40．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。新加坡的一项最新的研究发现，父母“撒谎式”育儿会影响孩子的心理健康，且使得孩子长大后更容易撒谎。 37．推理判断题。通读全文可以推断，作者在文章第一段中提及父母在育儿时会普遍使用的一个谎言是为了引出本文要讨论的话题——父母“撒谎式”育儿会影响孩子的心理健康，且使得孩子长大后更容易撒谎。故选A。 38．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段内容可知，研究小组询问了 379名新加坡年轻人，他们的父母在他们小时候是否欺骗过他们，他们现在对父母撒了多少谎，以及他们如何适应成年后的挑战。那些在孩童时期被欺骗得更多的成年人在成年时期更有可能__________父母。由此可以猜测，画线词deceiving意为“欺骗”。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Parents should be aware of this and consider alternatives to lying, such as acknowledging children’ s feelings, giving information so children know what to expect, offering choices and problem-solving together(父母应该意识到这一点，并考虑替代说谎的方法，比如承认孩子的感受，提供信息，让孩子们知道该期待什么，提供选择和解决问题。)”可知，父母应该考虑给孩子提供选择。故选A。 40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Some limitations of the study include relying on what young adults report about their past experience of parents’ lying. ‘Future research can explore using more information providers, such as parents, to report on the same topic’ ” 这项研究的一些局限性包括，它依赖于年轻人对他们过去父母撒谎经历的报告。“未来的研究可以探索使用更多的信息提供者，比如父母，来报告同一个主题。”可以推断，该研究需要进一步完善。故选C。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude  indicate等标志性词语。本题第4小题，根据文章最后一段中的“Some limitations of the study include relying on what young adults report about their past experience of parents’ lying. ‘Future research can explore using more information providers, such as parents, to report on the same topic’ ”可以推断，该研究需要进一步完善。故选C。 （十一） （23-24高一下·辽宁省朝阳市建平县第二高级中学·期中）Antarctica (南极洲) is a great, icy land, surrounded by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn’t just cover the land. There’s also a large area of sea ice, which floats (漂浮) on the ocean’s surface. Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica has seemed to be almost not influenced by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the planet. In fact, until recent years, Antartica’s sea ice area mainly set records for growing. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antartica’s sea ice has been getting smaller. This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported that Antartica’s sea ice reached its maximum on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low — not just by a little bit, but by a lot. The last time Antartica’s low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986. And this year, there’s about 1.03 million square kilometers less sea ice than in 1986. It’s hard to picture such a large area, but it’s around 1.6 times the size of France. Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says, “Antarctica’s ice levels have always changed some, but the situation this year is pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the area.” The new low record has scientists worried. The sea ice is important, because it helps cool the planet. When it’s frozen, sea ice reflects sunlight back out into space. But when the sea ice melts (融化), the water left behind is darker, and takes in and keeps more heat. 41．What did NSIDC find about the sea ice in Antarctica this year? A．It protected the wildlife in the ocean. B．It grew and covered a wider area. C．It turned out to be difficult to observe. D．It reached a new record low level. 42．Why does the author mention France in paragraph 4? A．To present the total area of the country. B．To introduce a new topic for discussion. C．To show the sharp loss of Antarctica’s sea ice. D．To explain the position of the wonderful land. 43．What causes the change in Antarctica according to Ted Scambos? A．Low rainfall. B．Rising temperatures. C．Cold weather. D．Short summer months. 44．What can we know about Antarctica’s sea ice? A．It’s key to the earth’s cooling system. B．It’s just a short-term problem. C．It reminds us to find water resources. D．It offers humans a bright future. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．B 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了，今年南极洲的海冰面积创下历史新低，引发科学家担忧。 41．细节理解题。由第三段中“Now, for several years, the area of Antartica’s sea ice has been getting smaller. This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported that Antartica’s sea ice reached its maximum on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low — not just by a little bit, but by a lot. (现在，几年来，南极洲的海冰面积一直在变小。今年，美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）报告称，南极洲的海冰在9月10日达到最大值，比正常情况早了近两周。海冰也创下了历史新低——不仅少一点点，而且少很多)”可知，NSIDC今年对南极洲海冰的检测，发现南极洲的海冰面积达到了历史新低。故选D项。 42．推理判断题。由第四段“The last time Antartica’s low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986. And this year, there’s about 1.03 million square kilometers less sea ice than in 1986. It’s hard to picture such a large area, but it’s around 1.6 times the size of France. (上一次南极洲在1986年冬季结束时创下海冰面积少纪录。今年的海冰面积比1986年减少了约103万平方公里。很难想象这么大的面积，但它的面积大约是法国的1.6倍)”可知，30多年的时间，南极洲海冰消失的面积相当于法国国土面积，这是很大的面积，提到法国是为了显示南极洲海冰的急剧减少。故选C项。 43．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Ted Scambos说的话“Antarctica’s ice levels have always changed some, but the situation this year is pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the area.”(南极洲的冰平面总是有一些变化，但今年的情况表明，该地区周围的海洋条件更加温暖)”可知，Ted Scambos认为气温上升导致了南极洲的变化。故选B项。 44．细节理解题。由最后一段中“The sea ice is important, because it helps cool the planet. When it’s frozen, sea ice reflects sunlight back out into space. But when the sea ice melts (融化), the water left behind is darker, and takes in and keeps more heat. (海冰很重要，因为它有助于冷却地球。当海冰结冰时，它会将阳光反射回太空。但当海冰融化时，留下的水会变黑，吸收并保持更多的热量)”可知，海冰对地球有冷却作用，说明南极洲的海冰是地球冷却系统的关键。故选A项。 （十二） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市省重点中学五校联考·期中）Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today. The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism. In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100. The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there. Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance. 45．What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1? A．Polluted. B．Discovered. C．Endangered. D．Abandoned. 46．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting. B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100. C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented. D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top. 47．Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To explain how glacier melting came about. B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem. C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause. D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting. 48．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 【答案】45．C 46．A 47．D 48．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能在本世纪末融化，文中分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。 45．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study. (根据最近的一项研究，随着全球气温的上升，这些冰川将在本世纪末融化)”可知，冰川将在本世纪末融化，由此推知，划线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁，结合选项可知，划线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C项。 46．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century.(科学家们预测，到2050年，由于全球变暖，由于过去排放的影响，阿尔卑斯山4000多座冰川中一半的冰将消失。在那之后，即使碳排放降至零，到2100年仍会有三分之二的冰融化。如果排放量继续以目前的速度增长，到本世纪末，这些冰舌将几乎从阿尔卑斯山谷中消失)”可推知，碳排放与冰融化有很大关系。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons.(今年2月，一项研究发现，由于同样的原因，亚洲高耸山脉中三分之一的巨大冰原也面临威胁)”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰融化的地方。故选D项。 48．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段“Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.(减少化石燃料燃烧、森林砍伐和其他污染活动的排放是最大限度地减少冰融化的最大因素。这些冰川的未来确实处于危险之中，但仍然有可能限制它们的消失)”可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提出改变这一情况的可能，所以作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A项。 （十三） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市省重点中学五校联考·期中）In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons. It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them. The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative — no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set. Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply. Regulators have been too slow in the past, but there is danger, too, in acting hurriedly. If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones. Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open-source models, which are freely available and can easily be revised. The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks, and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources. As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. 49．What does the first paragraph function as? A．An argument. B．An explanation. C．A lead-in. D．A comment. 50．What does the author think of AI driving humans to extinction? A．He believes it is a realistic possibility. B．He considers it fictional and unworthy for policymakers to pay attention to. C．He views it as an uncertain threat that needs more research. D．He perceives it as a seemingly reasonable situation that requires serious consideration. 51．What is the harm of regulators’ going too fast on the AI issue? A．Competition in this area is prevented. B．The development of AI is restricted. C．AI will be applied to a limited degree. D．The public will be misled about danger. 52．Which can be the best title of the text? A．AI: a Real Threat? B．Don’t Rush into Policing AI C．AI: Humans’ Friend or Enemy? D．Time for Government to Regulate AI 【答案】49．C 50．C 51．A 52．B 【导语】本文是议论文，主要讲的是世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施来防范人工智能发展太快，但是监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快是会带来一些坏处的。 49．推理判断题。第一段“In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons.(在一部恐怖的电影情节中，人工智能最终战胜了人类，接管了电脑和工厂。在另一种情况下，为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能提供动力的大型语言模型(LLMs)为坏人提供了制造破坏性网络武器的技术。)”提到了两个电影情节中人工智能的行为，第二段“It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them.(现在是认真思考这些电影情节的时候了，不是因为它们变得更有可能发生，而是因为世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范它们。)”说到世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范它们，故第一段的作用就是充当引子，引出主题——针对可能会出现的问题，世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范人工智能。故选C。 50．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative—no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set.(人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是推测性的——没有人知道这种威胁如何实现，也没有通用的方法来确定什么是危险的。在制定标准和规则之前，需要进行大量的研究。)”可知，作者认为人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是推测性的，需要不断研究探索。故选C。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段“If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.(如果它们走得太快，政策制定者可能会制定针对错误问题的全球规则，而对真正的问题则无效。)”和第四段“Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. (由于需要计算资源和技术技能，迄今为止只有少数公司开发了强大的“前沿”模型。匆忙出台的新法规很容易将“少数公司”的竞争对手拒之门外，尤其是因为这些公司正与政府密切合作制定规则。)”可知，监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快的坏处是这一领域的竞争受到阻碍。故选A。 52．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.(如果它们走得太快，政策制定者可能会制定针对错误问题的全球规则，而对真正的问题则无效。)”，第四段“Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. (由于需要计算资源和技术技能，迄今为止只有少数公司开发了强大的“前沿”模型。匆忙出台的新法规很容易将“少数公司”的竞争对手拒之门外，尤其是因为这些公司正与政府密切合作制定规则。)”和最后一段“As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. (随着人工智能的进一步发展，监管机构将对自己要防范的风险有更好的了解，从而知道规则手册应该是什么样子。一个完全成熟的身体最终会成形。但创造它需要时间和思考。)”可知，本文主要讲的是世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施来防范人工智能发展太快，但是监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快是会带来一些坏处的，因此B项“Don’t Rush into Policing AI(不要急于监管人工智能)”作文章标题最合适。故选B。 （十四） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学·期中）The San Diego County Water Authority has an unusual plan to use the city’s scenic San Vicente Reservoir (水库) to store solar power so it’s available after sunset. The project could help unlock America’s clean energy future. Perhaps ten years from now, if all goes smoothly, large underground pipes will connect this lake to a new reservoir, a much smaller one, built in a nearby valley about 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, California’s abundant solar power will pump water into that upper reservoir. It’s a way to store the electricity. When the sun goes down and solar power disappears, operators would open a valve (阀门) and the force of 8 million tons of water, falling back downhill through those same pipes, would drive machines capable of producing 500 megawatt s of electricity for up to eight hours. That’s enough to power 130, 000 typical homes. “It’s a water battery!” says Neena Kuzmich, Deputy Director of Engineering for the water authority. She says energy storage facilities like these will be increasingly critical as California starts to rely more on energy from wind and solar, which produce electricity on their own schedules, without considering the demands of consumers. Californians learned this during a heat wave this past summer. “Everybody in the state of California got a text message at 5:30 in the evening to turn off their appliances,” Kuzmich says. The sun was going down, solar generation was disappearing, and the remaining power plants, many of them burning gas, couldn't keep up with demand. The reminder worked: people stopped using so much power, and the grid (电网) survived. Yet earlier on that same day, there was so much solar power available that the grid couldn’t take it all. Grid operators turned away more than 2000 megawatt hours of electricity that solar generators could have delivered, enough to power a small city. That electricity was wasted. There was no way to store it for later, when operators desperately needed it. 53．What is the function of Paragraph 2? A．To present the importance of a reservoir. B．To introduce the usage of solar energy. C．To recall a situation in recent ten years. D．To explain a way to store electricity. 54．What does the underlined word “critical” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Negative. B．Affordable. C．Flexible. D．Significant. 55．Why was a text message sent to everyone in California? A．To remind people of lack of energy. B．To warn people of danger. C．To tell people the sunset time. D．To persuade people into burning gas. 56．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Scenic San Vicente Reservoir B．Water Batteries to Store Solar Power C．San Diego County Energy Crisis D．Machines to Store Water in California 【答案】53．D 54．D 55．A 56．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了圣地亚哥县水务局有一个不同寻常的计划，利用该市风景优美的圣维森特水库储存太阳能，以便在日落后使用。该项目可能有助于开启美国清洁能源的未来。 53．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When the sun is high in the sky, California’s abundant solar power will pump water into that upper reservoir. It’s a way to store the electricity. When the sun goes down and solar power disappears, operators would open a valve (阀门) and the force of 8 million tons of water, falling back downhill through those same pipes, would drive machines capable of producing 500 megawatts of electricity for up to eight hours. That’s enough to power 130, 000 typical homes.(当太阳高高挂在天空时，加州丰富的太阳能将把水泵入上面的水库。这是一种储存电能的方法。当太阳落山，太阳能消失时，操作人员会打开一个阀门，800万吨水通过这些管道倾泻下来的力量，将驱动能够产生500兆瓦电力的机器，持续8小时。这足以为13万户普通家庭提供电力)”可知，第二段解释了一种通过水库来储存电能的方法。故选D项。 54．词句猜测题。根据后文“as California starts to rely more on energy from wind and solar, which produce electricity on their own schedules, without considering the demands of consumers.(随着加州开始更多地依赖风能和太阳能，风能和太阳能按照自己的时间表发电，而不考虑消费者的需求)”可知，加州更多地依赖风能和太阳能，而风能和太阳能不能按照消费者的需求来供能，所以储能设施越来越重要，推知critical意为“重要的”，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 55．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Everybody in the state of California got a text message at 5:30 in the evening to turn off their appliances,” Kuzmich says. The sun was going down, solar generation was disappearing, and the remaining power plants, many of them burning gas, couldn’t keep up with demand.(库兹米奇说:“加利福尼亚州的每个人晚上5点半都会收到一条短信，让他们关掉电器。”太阳下山了，太阳能发电消失了，剩下的发电厂，其中许多是燃烧天然气的，无法满足需求)” 可知，发给加州每个人的短信的目的是提醒人们缺乏能源。故选A项。 56．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The San Diego County Water Authority has an unusual plan to use the city’s scenic San Vicente Reservoir (水库) to store solar power so it’s available after sunset. The project could help unlock America’s clean energy future.(圣地亚哥县水务局有一个不同寻常的计划，利用该市风景优美的圣维森特水库储存太阳能，以便在日落后使用。该项目可能有助于开启美国清洁能源的未来)”可知，文章主要讲述的是利用圣维森特水库储存太阳能。B项：Water Batteries to Store Solar Power(水电池储存太阳能)符合文章主题。故选B项。 （十五） （23-24高一下·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学·期中）The word paradigm comes from the Greek. It was originally a scientific term, and is more commonly used today to mean a model or theory. In the more general sense, it’s the way we “see” the world —not in terms of our visual sense of sight, but in terms of perceiving (感知), understanding, and interpreting. A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps. We all know that “the map is not the territory.” A map is simply an explanation of certain aspects of the territory. That’s exactly what a paradigm is. It is a theory, an explanation, or model of something else. You can never arrive at a specific location in a new city with a wrong map. Each of us has many maps in our head, which can be divided into two main categories: maps of the way things are, or realities, and maps of the way things should be, or values. We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of those assumptions. The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act. We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are shaped to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking from the unique angles of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences. The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions (观点), thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view. 57．How does the author illustrate the concept of “paradigm”? A．By presenting personal examples. B．By sorting it into different categories. C．By comparing it to an everyday object. D．By highlighting a sharp contrast. 58．What can be concluded about the mental maps mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．They fail to escape our attention. B．They prove wrong and unreliable. C．They may be lacking in accuracy. D．They have little influence on behavior. 59．Which of the following concludes the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Where we stand depends on where we sit. B．All men have opinions, but few think. C．Great minds think alike. D．The fewer the facts, the stronger the opinions. 60．What does the author advocate in the last paragraph? A．A more positive attitude toward life experience. B．A stronger sense of responsibility for others. C．A more objective view of others’ perceptions. D．A better understanding of our paradigms. 【答案】57．C 58．C 59．A 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了范式（paradigm）的含义及其现实意义。 57．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A simple way to understand paradigms is to see them as maps.(理解paradigm的一个简单方法是将它们视为地图)”可推知，作者通过把paradigm与地图这一日常用品进行比较，从而达到阐明其概念的目的。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We interpret everything we experience through these mental maps. We seldom question their accuracy; we’re usually even unaware that we have them. We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. (我们通过这些思维地图来解释我们所经历的一切。我们很少质疑它们的准确性；我们通常甚至没有意识到我们有它们。我们只是简单地假设我们看待事物的方式就是它们真实的样子或它们应该的样子)”可知，我们用思维地图来解释一切，但很少质疑其准确性，只是简单地假设我们看待事物的方式就是它们真实的样子或它们应该的样子，由此推知，其实思维地图是可能缺乏准确性的。故选C。 59．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“We see the world, not as it is, but as we are or, as we are conditioned to see it. Clearheaded people see things differently, each looking through the unique lens of experience. But this does not mean that there are no facts. Instead, each person’s interpretation of these facts represents prior experiences.(我们不是按它本来的样子看世界，而是按我们自己角度或者我们的习惯于看世界。头脑清晰的人看待事物的方式不同，每个人都从独特的经验角度看问题)”可知，第四段主要讲每个人都是从自己的角度出发看世界，即我们和观点、立场与我们的角度、位置有关，与A项“我们的立场取决于我们的位置”一致。故选A。 60．细节理解题。根据最后段中“The more aware we are of our basic paradigms, maps, or assumptions, and the extent to which we have been influenced by our experience, the more we can take responsibility for those paradigms, examine them, test them against reality, listen to others and be open to their perceptions, thereby getting a larger picture and a far more objective view.(我们越了解我们的基本范式、地图或假设，以及我们受经验影响的程度，我们就越能对这些范式负责，检验它们，与现实进行测试，倾听他人的意见，接受他们的看法，从而获得更大的图景和更客观的观点)”可知，作者主张要更好地理解我们的范式，才能获得更大的图景和更客观的观点，所有要更好地理解范式。故选D。 （十六） （23-24高一下·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体·期中）Scientists say there has been a major drop in the population of leatherback sea turtles (乌龟) off the U.S. West Coast. One recent study found a 5.6 percent yearly decrease in the population. Leatherbacks are massive sea turtles dating back to the time of the dinosaurs. The animals can grow up to 1.5 meters in length and weigh as much as 680 kilograms. The leatherback sea turtles found along the U.S. Pacific Coast are actually born thousands of kilometers away, on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. The animals migrate (迁徙) 11,000 kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to mainly feed on jellyfish in waters off the U.S. West Coast. Then, they swim back. Scott Benson is an ecologist with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries. “There are birds that go farther, but they fly. There’s a whale shark that might swim a little further, but it doesn’t have to come up for air,” he said. Scientists say that if nothing changes, the leatherbacks could completely disappear from the U.S. West Coast within 30 years. The population drops are mainly blamed on international fishing activities, the destruction (破坏) of nesting grounds and climate change. The animals can be killed when they get trapped in fishing equipment. Scientists say the population is also harmed because a lot of turtle eggs are removed from beaches. Researchers say that while all the world’s leatherbacks are under pressure, the group that migrates for months across the Pacific faces the greatest threats. NOAA launched an aggressive plan to save leatherbacks in 2015 and is set to release a new action plan this month. The plan is meant to persuade governments and international organizations to join efforts to save the turtles. 61．Which word best describes the present situation of the leatherbacks? A．Promising. B．Worrying. C．Complex. D．Unstable. 62．What do the leatherbacks mainly survive on? A．Sea weed. B．Other turtles’ eggs. C．Little sharks. D．Jellyfish. 63．Which period is the most dangerous for leatherbacks? A．The period of migration. B．The period of fishing activities. C．The period of being on a beach. D．The period of laying eggs. 64．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Nature. D．Education. 【答案】61．B 62．D 63．A 64．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国西海岸棱皮海龟数量大幅下降的情况并分析了原因。 61．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists say there has been a major drop in the population of leatherback sea turtles (乌龟) off the U.S. West Coast. (科学家表示，美国西海岸外的棱皮龟数量大幅下降)”和第二段中“One recent study found a 5.6 percent yearly decrease in the population. (最近的一项研究发现，它们的数量每年减少5.6%)”可知，棱皮龟数量正在大幅下降，因此会让人感到担忧。故选B项。 62．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The animals migrate (迁徙) 11,000 kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to mainly feed on jellyfish in waters off the U.S. West Coast. (这种动物横跨太平洋迁徙11000公里，主要以美国西海岸海域的水母为食)”可知，棱皮龟主要以水母为生。故选D项。 63．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Researchers say that while all the world’s leatherbacks are under pressure, the group that migrates for months across the Pacific faces the greatest threats. (研究人员表示，虽然世界上所有的棱皮龟都面临着压力，但在太平洋上迁徙数月的群体面临着最大的威胁)”可知，对棱皮龟来说，迁徙时期最危险。故选A项。 64．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Scientists say there has been a major drop in the population of leatherback sea turtles (乌龟) off the U.S. West Coast. (科学家表示，美国西海岸外的棱皮海龟数量大幅下降)”可知，文章介绍了美国西海岸棱皮龟数量大幅下降的情况，主题与动物相关，所以很可能出自报纸的自然版块。故选C项。 （十七） （22-23高一下·辽宁省沈阳市五校协作体·期中）In the coming era of budget cuts to education, remote learning could become a common thing. The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of remote learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster. Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support. Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life. American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and improve their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”. The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher. 65．What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically? A．Transforming traditional teaching. B．Eating nutritionally-well-balanced-meals. C．Growing into living and breathing human beings. D．Developing relationships with peers and teachers. 66．What does the author think of the latest technology in education? A．It may reduce face-to-face interaction. B．It may make many teachers jobless. C．It may add to student’s financial burden. D．It may revolutionize classroom teaching. 67．What does the underline word mean in paragraph 4. A．complexity B．inequality C．responsibility D．capability 68．Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher? A．It lacks humanity. B．It can‘t meet personal needs. C．It is still not advanced. D．It can’t track students’ growth. 【答案】65．D 66．A 67．D 68．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要针对远程学习的普及和可能的未来趋势，提出了一系列对远程学习及其与传统教育相比的优缺点的讨论。 65．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Physically attending school has hidden benefits: interacting with peers and communicating with teachers are important skills to cultivate（培养）in young people.(亲自上学有隐藏的好处：与同龄人互动和与老师沟通是培养年轻人的重要技能。)”可知，学生去上学可以与同龄人互动和与老师沟通，有助于发展与同学和老师之间的关系。故选D。 66．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. (教育视频可以提供学术内容，但它们无法进行眼神交流，也无法评估学生的参与程度。)”可知，作者认为最新的教育技术无法提供面对面的交流，如眼神交流，也无法评估学生的参与程度。故选A。 67．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management(然而，教师被期望将他们培养成负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间)”可知，老师要将学生培养成负责的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间，由此可推测，划线单词指的应该是提高他们竞争的“能力”。选项A“complexity(复杂)”；选项B“inequality(不平等)”；选项C“responsibility(责任)”；选项D“capability(能力)”。 故选D。 68．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.(可知，课堂的力量根植于聚集在同一地点、同一时间的人们的品质，包括他们的本性、同理心、奉献精神等等。技术，无论多么先进，都应该是一个好老师的工具。)”可知，科技无论多么先进，都应该是老师的教学工具，因为科技并不具备人性。故选A。 （十八） （22-23高一下·辽宁省沈阳市五校协作体·期中）The San Diego County Water Authority has an unusual plan to use the city’s San Vicente Reservoir(水库)to store solar power. The project could help unlock America’s clean energy future. Perhaps ten years from now, large underground pipes will connect the lake to a new reservoir built about 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, California’s rich solar power will pump (泵水) water into that upper reservoir. When the sun goes down, the force of water would produce 500 megawatts (百万千瓦)of electricity for up to eight hours. “It’s a water battery!” says Neena Kuzmich, director of engineering for the water authority. The technology that San Diego puts forward is already in use at more than 40 sites in the US. Some of them were built during the 1970s to store electricity produced by nuclear power plants. Now, the need to store power from renewable sources is bringing this old technology back. Water batteries have many competitors, when it comes to storing energy. However, they have their own advantages. Water batteries are a proven way to store large amounts of power. The San Vicente project would store about as much electricity as the batteries in 50, 000 of Tesla’s Model 3 cars. They also don’t require hard-to-find battery materials. The biggest problem with them is that it is hard to find places to build them. They need a great deal of water, land to build two reservoirs and permission to damage the landscape. Kelly Catlett, director of an environmental organization, says, “We won’t support projects that build new damns on rivers and damage ecosystems. But San Diego’s plan looks like something different, because it uses an existing reservoir and doesn’t damage any streams.” 69．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．What a water battery is. B．How the project will work. C．Why reservoirs are needed. D．What the clean energy future is. 70．What is the advantage of water batteries over their competitors? A．They can power Tesla’s cars. B．They can store renewable sources. C．The battery materials are easy to get. D．The technology applied is a new breakthrough. 71．What is the biggest challenge for water batteries? A．Damage caused to nature. B．The shortage of solar power. C．Limited ability to store energy. D．Proper places for construction. 72．What is Kelly Catlett’s attitude towards the project? A．Unconcerned. B．Worried. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】69．B 70．C 71．D 72．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国圣地亚哥水务局计划利用圣维森特水库储存太阳能，解锁美国未来的清洁能源问题。 69．主旨大意题。根据第二段“large underground pipes will connect the lake to a new reservoir built about 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, California’s rich solar power will pump (泵水) water into that upper reservoir. When the sun goes down, the force of water would produce 500 megawatts (百万千瓦)of electricity for up to eight hours.(在湖面1100英尺以上，巨大的地下管道连接着一个新水库。当太阳在空中高挂的时候，加州丰富的太阳能将会把水抽到较高的那个水库。当太阳下山的时候，水力将产生五亿千瓦的电，足够用八个小时)”可知，本段主要讲的是这个工程的运作原理，故选B项。 70．细节理解题。根据第四段“They also don’t require hard-to-find battery materials.(他们还不需要难以寻找的电池材料)”可知，水电池的优势是材料易于寻找，故选C项。 71．细节理解题。根据第四段“The biggest problem with them is that it is hard to find places to build them.(对他们来说最大的问题是难以找到建造的地方)”可知，水电池最大的困难是合适的建造场所，故选D项。 72．推理判断题。根据最后一段“San Diego’s plan looks like something different, because it uses an existing reservoir and doesn’t damage any streams.(圣地亚哥计划看上去与众不同，因为它利用了现存的水库而且不破坏任何溪流)”可知，Kelly Catlett对这一项目持支持的态度，故选C项。 （十九） （22-23高一下·辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体·期中）It is very important to stay healthy. A lot of people aren’t aware of many benefits of daily exercise and only begin to do so when health complications (并发症) happen. Why then is it important to stay healthy? Regular exercises will help you burn extra body fat and keep your body vigorous. There are many health complications related to having too much body fat. Heart diseases that are often very deadly are mostly a result of extra body fat. Exercising keeps you sharp at all times. Keeping your body active also improves the functioning of the brain. Any kind of exercise is terrific. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good health, such as, basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too. There is a reason why most athletes are usually happy. Maybe the reason why you stay angry easily all the time is due to lack of exercise. Fitness exercises are ideal for strength building. Regular daily exercise will build body muscles and improve your physical strength. They are also important in strengthening your back for good postures. People generally become less active as they grow older, especially when they have small kids that expect to play with them. Daily fitness will help you get the much needed strength and activity to keep up with the youthful energy of your children. Exercising also slows down the aging process by tightening your skin and increasing your body’s metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate. Exercising is very important and some of the results of not joining in daily fitness are dangerous. Having fitness goals that actually mean something to you will help you develop a controlled daily fitness and achieve your desired result. These are just some of the benefits of having a strong fitness program. Many people ignore them and just begin to suffer from lifestyle diseases in their later lives. Exercise is very significant. 73．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．Lots of people are too busy to exercise. B．Lots of people are used to staying quiet. C．Lots of people keep exercising when they are sick. D．Lots of people don’t realize the advantages of daily exercise. 74．What does underlined word “vigorous” menu in paragraph 2? A．Fit. B．Thin. C．Young. D．Graceful. 75．What will happen to us if we do daily exercise? A．We can’t get ill. B．We will eat more food, C．We can become energetic. D．We will become beautiful. 76．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What do people think about keeping fit? B．Why is exercise significant to keep fit? C．What kind of exercise are good for health? D．Why do people go to gymnasium to exercise? 【答案】73．D 74．A 75．C 76．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了锻炼的好处，并呼吁人们为保持健康而锻炼。 73．细节理解题。根据第一段“A lot of people aren’t aware of many benefits of daily exercise and only begin to do so when health complications (并发症) happen.(很多人没有意识到日常锻炼的诸多好处，只是在出现健康并发症时才开始这样做)”可知，人们不能坚持锻炼的原因在于没有意识到日常锻炼的好处。故选D。 74．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Regular exercises will help you bum extra body fat and keep your body”以及后文“There are many health complications related to having too much body fat.(身体脂肪过多会导致许多健康并发症)”可知，定期锻炼有助于燃烧多余的脂肪，从而有利于健康。故划线词意思是“健康的”。故选A。 75．细节理解题。根据第四段“Daily fitness will help you get the much needed strength and activity to keep up with the youthful energy of your children.(日常健身将帮助您获得所需的力量和活动，以跟上您孩子的年轻活力)”可知，日常锻炼将帮助我们获得所需的力量，使我们充满活力。故选C。 76．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is very important to stay healthy. A lot of people aren’t aware of many benefits of daily exercise and only begin to do so when health complications (并发症) happen. Why then is it important to stay healthy?(保持健康是非常重要的。很多人没有意识到日常锻炼的诸多好处，只是在出现健康并发症时才开始这样做。那么为什么保持健康很重要呢？)”及下文可知，本文介绍了锻炼的好处，并呼吁人们为保持健康而锻炼。由此可知，B选项“为什么运动对保持健康很重要？”符合作本文标题。故选B。 （二十） （22-23高一下·辽宁省抚顺市重点高中六校协作体·期中）A seven-word sentence was discovered on a 3,700-year-old comb (梳子),which is likely the oldest known sentence written in letters,according to a new study. The sentence is in Canaanite (迦南语),which is the source (来源) of later letter systems in European languages. The comb was first discovered in 2016 in Israeli. However,it wasn’t until 2021 that a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem first noticed the words when checking the photo of the comb. The researchers were not able to directly date the comb. They believed it dated from around 1700 BC based on comparison of the letters with those on pottery (陶器) with a known age. Garfinkel,a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,said,“The Canaanites invented the letters. Nowadays every person in the world can read and write using the letter system. This is really one of the most important achievements of humankind. When you are writing in English,you’re really using Canaanite.” Small groups of Canaanite letters discovered on broken pieces of pottery before did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites. But this find of a sentence written in the first letter-based language opens up the debate about the history during the ancient time period. Garfinkel said,“The sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city’s palace and temple area,which could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write.” The earliest writing system started around 5,000 years ago,which relied on hundreds of pictographs (象形文字) to represent words,ideas and sounds. Canaanites were the first to use letters in their writing system. “It shows that even in the most ancient times there were full sentences,which further suggests that Canaanites stood out among the early civilizations in their use of the written word.” 77．What do we know about Canaanite? A．It has a history of 3,700 years. B．It is the oldest known language. C．Its sentences are in many languages. D．Its letters are still in use at present. 78．How was the complete sentence in Canaanite found? A．It was discovered on some pottery. B．It was identified on a comb in 2016. C．It was recognized when dating the comb. D．It was recognized on a photo of the comb. 79．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The influence of Canaanite letters. B．The rules of using Canaanite letters. C．The problem in identifying the Canaanite sentence. D．The explanation of the discovered Canaanite sentence. 80．What does Garfinkel think of the new discovery in the last paragraph? A．Useless. B．Meaningful. C．Confusing. D．Unacceptable. 【答案】77．D 78．D 79．A 80．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现了一把约3700年前的梳子，上面写着由七个单词组成的迦南语句子。这是迄今为止发现的最古老的关于使用迦南语字母的证明。 77．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The sentence is in Canaanite (迦南语), which is the source (来源) of later letter systems in European languages. (这句话是用迦南语写成的，它是后来欧洲语言中字母系统的来源)”可知，迦南语是欧洲语言字母系统的来源。由此可知，目前它仍然在使用。故选D。 78．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, it wasn’t until 2021 that a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem first noticed the words when checking the photo of the comb. (然而，直到2021年，耶路撒冷希伯来大学的一名研究人员在检查梳子的照片时才第一次注意到这些词)”可知，迦南语的完整句子是从梳子的照片上认出来的。故选D。 79．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Garfinkel, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, said, “The Canaanites invented the letters. Nowadays every person in the world can read and write using the letter system. This is really one of the most important achievements of humankind. When you are writing in English, you’re really using Canaanite.” (耶路撒冷希伯来大学教授加芬克尔说：“迦南人发明了这些字母。现在世界上每个人都能用字母系统读和写。这确实是人类最重要的成就之一。当你用英语写作时，你实际上是在用迦南语。”)”可知，Garfinkel阐述了迦南语的影响力：它创造了现在我们还在使用的字母系统。故选A。 80．推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“It shows that even in the most ancient times there were full sentences, which further suggests that Canaanites stood out among the early civilizations in their use of the written word.(这表明即使在最古老的时代也有完整的句子，这进一步表明迦南人在使用书面文字方面在早期文明中脱颖而出)”可推知，这项发现对研究迦南早期文明有重要的意义。故选B。 1 / 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$