Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise Writing Workshop 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册

WRITING WORKSHOP UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES To read and talk about writing an opinion essay; To understand the structure of an opinion essay; To identify the writing skills used in an opinion essay; To read for general understanding; To read for specific information and deep understanding; To compare personal opinions with the ideas of others; To understand and learn words and expressions in context; To write an opinion essay. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 2 KEY POINTS AND DIFFICULT POINTS More time is needed to write an opinion essay; To analyse the the structure of an opinion essay; To answer the comprehension questions; To get general idea and key information in the text; To struggle with sentence construction and spelling; To struggle with grammar rules and usage; To compose writing through outlining, drafting and editing. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 3 FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Complete the structure of the text by putting the different parts in the correct order. a Supporting reasons for the opinion b Disapproving of the opposite opinion c Restating the opinion d Presenting the opinion d a b c 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 5 FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Match each paragraph with its function. Para 1: We should ban ads for any unhealthy products. Para 2: Unhealthy products harm our health. Para 3: The opinion that making unhealthy products creates jobs and brings in large amounts of tax doesn’t make sense. Presenting the opinion Supporting reasons for the opinion Disapproving the opposite opinion Restating the opinion Para 4: Laws to ban TV ads for unhealthy products are beneficial. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 6 Apart from a coherent framework and supportive facts, what other elements are necessary for an essay to be convincing? FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Persuasive language aims to convince others of a particular viewpoint, idea, or argument. It helps shape opinions by presenting compelling evidence and reasoning. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 7 FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Persuasive Language Undoubtedly, unhealthy products harm our health. It is clearly desirable to limit TV advertisements for fast food. However, surely this is a false argument. Furthermore, it is not right to make money from activities which harm human health. Sentence Builder 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 8 Can you list more persuasive words and phrases? FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE To introduce your topic: Although it’s commonly believed... / Ready to discover a new way to...? / When was the last time you...? / It has come to my attention that... / If ... were to happen, then... To make a point: I am certain that... / If we move forward with... / Supporting evidence shows... / I reached this conclusion after finding... / Obviously... 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 9 Can you list more persuasive words and phrases? FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE To support your point: For instance... / Especially in this case... / In fact... / Independent test results show... / specifically / in particular / in this instance... To transit between information: additionally / equally as important / similarly / likewise / otherwise / however To contrast points: on the other hand / nevertheless / despite / conversely / instead / on the contrary To conclude and summarize: in short / in conclusion / to sum up / To wrap things up ... 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 10 Discuss in groups and choose a topic of your interest. Find out each member’s opinion about the topic and brainstorm possible reasons for or against the topic. FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Should smartphones be totally banned from school? a huge distraction a channel for bullying digital addictions mental health concerns cheating in exams and learning the wrong way ... 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 11 Discuss in groups and choose a topic of your interest. Find out each member’s opinion about the topic and brainstorm possible reasons for or against the topic. FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Should smartphones be totally banned from school? (parents) get in touch with their kids (students) call for help in case of emergencies (parents) track their kids’ location provides opportunities for learning ... 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 12 1. What is your topic and opinion of the essay? 2. How is the essay structured? 3. How many parts are you going to have in your essay? What’s the main idea and function of each part? 4. How are you going to support your opinion, make your essay reasonable and persuasive? FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Think about these questions. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 13 Write 2-3 sentences for your opinion essay. Use similar expressions in the Sentence Builder that help to support your opinion and make it more convincing. FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 14 Write 2-3 sentences for your opinion essay. Use similar expressions in the Sentence Builder that help to support your opinion and make it more convincing. FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Example 1 Undoubtedly, smartphones play an active role in helping students achieve academic success. With access to educational apps and online resources, students are able to enhance their learning experience and improve their understanding of complex concepts. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 15 Write 2-3 sentences for your opinion essay. Use similar expressions in the Sentence Builder that help to support your opinion and make it more convincing. FOCUS ON STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE Example 2 It’s hardly surprising that some teens can’t resist the lure of Google and too much screen time has been slowly eating into the time they should have spent on studying and they’re falling behind. ... 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 16 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 一、概述 议论文是一种通过逻辑推理和证据支持来表达观点、说服读者的文体。作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张。议论文通常围绕一个有争议的话题展开，作者需要明确立场，并通过合理的论证来支持自己的观点。写作时要求逻辑严密、结构清晰、言而有据。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 17 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 二、构成 1. 论题是议论的对象，它是作者在议论文中提出并加以解决的基本问题 2. 论点是作者在议论文中加以阐述的观点和主张，它是议论文写作的核心 3. 论据是证实论点的根据，它是证实论点正确的材料 4. 论证是作者运用论据证明论点的过程和方法。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 18 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 三、写作技巧 1. 清晰表达：确保每个段落的主题句清晰明确，论据和分析紧扣主题。 2. 逻辑连贯：使用适当的过渡词（如however, therefore, in addition等）来连接段落和句子，保持文章的连贯性。 3. 语言简洁：避免使用过于复杂的句子结构，确保语言简洁明了。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 19 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 三、写作技巧 4. 多角度论证：尽量从多个角度提出论据支持论点，增强文章的说服力。 5. 适当反驳：如果文章包含反驳段落，确保反驳有理有据，避免情绪化表达。 6. 总结重申‌：在结尾处重申论点，并简要总结论据，强化文章的主旨。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 20 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 四、常见话题 1. 教育类 Should students wear school uniforms? Is online learning as effective as traditional classroom learning? 2. 社会类 Should the voting age be lowered to 16? Is social media beneficial or harmful to society? 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 21 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 四、常见话题 3. 科技类 Are smartphones making us less social? Should genetic engineering be allowed in humans? 4. 环境类 Should plastic bags be banned? Is climate change the most pressing issue of our time? 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 22 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 1. 提出话题 Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. 网络投票变得越来越流行，很多比赛让人们参与其中。 We have a discussion about whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools. 我们对是否应该允许学生携带手机进校园进行了一次讨论。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 23 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 A class meeting was held in our class last Wednesday. At the meeting we classmates had a heated debate on "whether we should help the old people up when they fall over". 上周三我们班召开了一次班会。在会上我们全班同学就“老人摔倒要不要被扶起”这一话题进行了热烈的讨论。 Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, there came a kind of language called Web Language. 目前，随着网络的发展，出现了一种语言——网络语言。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 24 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 2. 论证观点 Some of them approve of the idea that it is good to start learning English from childhood. 他们中有一些人赞同从童年就开始学英语很有益这一观点。 As can be seen from the chart, people hold different opinions about making friends online. 从该图表可以看出，人们对网上交友这个话题看法不一。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 25 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Some people support it while others do not. 当今，越来越多的英语单词出现在汉语中。有些人支持，然而有些人反对。 Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to forbid using mobile phones at school, but forty percent of the students don't think so. 60%的学生认为在校内禁止使用手机是必要的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 26 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides it's far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family. 一些学生不能自律。此外，出国学习费用太高，这对于家庭来说是一个负担。 What's more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the foreign country where we study , as well as improve our English. 此外，在提高英语的同时，我们还可以更好地了解我们留学所在的国家的文化和社会风俗。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 27 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 3. 阐述观点 It is what the child did for his mother that sets us students a good example. 正是这个孩子为他母亲做的事情为我们学生树立了好的榜样。 As far as I am concerned, students should place their study, health and safety before other things. 我觉得学生应该把自己的学习、健康和安全放在第一位。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 28 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 五、常用素材 3. 阐述观点 Personally, I don't think it good to use this kind of language. It may be fashionable as some think, but you may also get your idea confusing, leaving other people at a loss as to your meaning. 就我而言，我认为使用这种语言不好。有些人可能认为那样很时尚，但是你可能也会让你的观点模糊，让别人不知道你表达的是什么意思。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 29 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 4. 写作模板 __________ held/ participated in a heated/ lively discussion about/ on __________. As long as we __________, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Firstly/ For starters, __________ is known as __________. Moreover/ In addition, __________. Last but not least, __________. On the contrary, __________. From what mentioned above, we can draw a conclusion that __________. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 30 AN OPINION ESSAY 议论文 六、注意事项 1. 提出正确鲜明的论点。一般说来，要把论点写在篇首或段首，使读者很容易地把握文章思路。 2. 重视论据的阐述。论据用来证明论点的事实和道理要有足够的论据，可以选取生活的实例来证明论点。 3. 论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论只有通过论证来证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 31 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING 1. Outlining Complete the outline of your essay based on Activities 3 and 4. My Outline Topic: _____________________________ The opinion: _______________________ Supporting reasons: _______________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 32 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING Sample My Outline Topic: The opinion: Supporting reasons: Should smartphones be totally banned from school? Schools should have a strict no-smartphone policy. Cell phones come hand-in-hand with lots of distractions that just aren’t appropriate for the learning environment and school. Banning phones in the classroom gives a really great opportunity for children to reset and take a well-needed break. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 33 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING Writing an Opinion Essay It's important to: · state a clear opinion; · support your opinion with facts. Make your reasons and details stronger with facts and data; · make your essay reasonable, and include relevant details. · use persuasive language. Writing Help 2. Drafting Use your outline and the Writing Help to write your first draft. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 34 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING 3. Editing Edit your essay in pairs. Then share what you have written to the class. Does the writer clearly state his/ her opinion? Does the essay include supporting reasons with facts and data for the opinion stated? Is the essay organised in a clear and structured way? Does the writer use persuasive language? 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 35 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING Sample Writing Should smartphones be totally banned from school? Like it or not, cellphones have been a fundamental part of modern teen life. Research estimates that up to 92.2% of teens in China have access to a smartphone, and some of them are “almost constantly” on the Internet, even when they are at school. Despite the benefits it may bring, I think schools should adopt a strict no-smartphone policy. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 36 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING Sample Writing Undoubtedly, cell phones come hand-in-hand with lots of distractions that just aren’t appropriate for the learning environment and school. Texting non-stop in class, playing games, sharing memes on social media and listening to music, there are endless opportunities for children to be distracted with their cell phones at hand in the classroom. Additionally, too much screen time has been slowly eating into the time they should have spent on studying and they’re falling behind. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 37 COMPOSE YOUR WRITING Sample Writing Some students are against the no-smartphone policy, believing that cellphones help them relax and refresh their minds, allowing them to focus better in the following lesson. However, more than 70% of the students who turn to cellphones for relaxation reported feeling more anxious afterward due to increased screen time. To conclude, I strongly advocate for schools to have a zero-tolerance policy for smartphones. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 38 PRACTICE 你校将以“人工智能（artificial intelligence）的利与弊”为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括: 1. 人工智能带给我们的利和弊； 2. 你的个人观点。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 39 PRACTICE Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence AI has brought great changes in many aspects of our life. However, it is also a double-edged sword, which comes with both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, super-advanced AI can help us with our daily routines, such as analyzing data, collecting information, and providing solutions to various problems. Assistance offered by AI is making it easier for us to live a better and more comfortable life. One possible version 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 40 PRACTICE On the other hand, if misused, AI can also cause us problems concerning information and financial security. Besides, seniors and poorly educated people may be left behind by AI advancement, resulting in the decline in their quality of life. In my opinion, we should welcome the development of AI. Meanwhile, we should keep learning and improving ourselves in case of being replaced by AI, and then live a happier life. One possible version 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 41 SUMMARY Learn how to write an opinion essay; Understand and analyse the structure of an opinion essay; Identify the writing skills used in an opinion essay; Get general understanding and specific information; Learn about and practice words and expressions in context; Write with correct sentence construction and spelling; Compose writing through outlining, drafting and editing. 929c8801-c207-4f5b-b816-120bbece91a2.source.4.zh-Hans 42 Thank you 43 $$