Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [对应学生用书P81] 阅读下面教材中的句子并体会动词不定式作定语、状语和宾语补足语的语法特征。 ①You can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room. ② You also need to show respect when communicating with other online users. ③You can make your argument more convincing and more likely to be accepted by the reader. [自我归纳] (1)句子①中的 living 为动词-ing形式作定语。 (2)句子②中的communicating with other online users为动词-ing形式作状语。 (3)句子③中的convincing 为动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 一、动词-ing形式作定语 You should adapt to the changing situation. changing是动词-ing形式作定语，表示“正在变化的”。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. reading修饰名词，说明room的用途。 Fiona Lin, the lady running the website, had the idea after she watched her daughter dancing two years ago. running the website是动词-ing形式短语作定语，表示“Fiona Lin正在经营网站”，相当于定语从句who is running the website。 This is an amazing achievement. amazing可翻译成“令人吃惊的”。 The house being built here belongs to John. being built是动词-ing形式的被动式。 [特别提醒] 1．单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。 2．动词-ing形式作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 3．动词-ing形式作定语还可以表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。 4．有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。 5．如果动词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的动作，用动词-ing形式的被动式。 [对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Don't wake up the sleeping (sleep) child. ②She trained five times a week at her local swimming(swim) pool. ③There's a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again. ④The house being built( build) now will be put into use next week. (2)一句多译 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 ⑤The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father． ⑥The man who is speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father． 二、动词-ing形式作状语 Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more content.作伴随状语 Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media.作原因状语，动词-ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.作时间状语 The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.作结果状语 Working hard, you'll make great progress.作条件状语 [特别提醒] 1．动词-ing形式作状语的形式 主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 语态意义 一般式 doing being done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作与谓语 动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生 主动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 完成式 having done having been done 构成动词-ing的动词所表示的动作先于谓 语动词所表示的动作发生 主动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词-ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 2.动词-ing形式作状语时的类型 动词-ing形式作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况，作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列成分，作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 时间 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. (＝When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.) 听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。 原因 Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. (＝Because I was tired, I stopped to have a rest.) 我累了，于是停下来休息。 结果 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。 条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. (＝If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.) 向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。 让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best. (＝Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。 方式 Please answer the question using another way. (＝Please answer the question and use another way.) 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 伴随 He walked down the hill, singing softly. (＝He walked down the hill and sang softly.) 他从小山上走下来，轻声哼着歌。 [特别提醒] (1)动词-ing形式作状语是高考的重要考点。高考除了考查其基本形式(doing, being done, having done, having been done)作状语外，还常与省略句式一起考查，即when/ while/if/unless/as if/as though/even if/even though/once＋动词-ing形式。 (2)在下列情况中不能用动词的-ing形式作定语，必须使用定语从句。 作定语的v.-ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。例如： ①The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(×) The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.(√) 昨天来的教授将给我们讲课。 ②动词的-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。例如： The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(×) The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(√) 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。 [对点练]　完成句子 ①There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring at the night sky (凝视着夜空). ②Being poor (因为穷)，he can't afford a computer. ③Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into (把老城镇变成) a dreamland. ④Walking in the park (在公园里散步时)，she saw an old friend. ⑤He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold (使他感冒了). 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 ①She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. ②I saw the little boy crying there. 句①②中find和see属于感官和心理状态的动词。 ③We kept the fire burning all night long. ④I won't have you running about in the room. 句③④中keep和have属于使役动词 ⑤I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 句⑤是with复合结构。 [特别提醒] 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。 2．表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave 等。 3．用于with复合结构中。 [特别提醒] 在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw him run across the road. 我看到他跑过了马路。(强调整个过程) I saw him running across the road. 我看见他正跑过马路。(强调正在进行) [对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①They use computers to keep the traffic running (run)smoothly. ②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them. (2)完成句子 ③I suddenly felt myself being hit by a heavy fist. 我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。 ④I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她的房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 ⑤We shouldn't keep our light burning in the day. 在白天我们不应该开着灯。 ⑥With all fans singing together, he felt so proud. 所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。 Usage要点拾遗 1．set up创建，建立 [教材P34]　Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. 菲奥娜想介绍更多人来跳舞，所以她建立了JustDance。 set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或留出(钱或时间)；不理会；宣布……无效，撤销 set off 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set down 写下；放下；记下 set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事) set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事) (1)We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted. 我们设立野生动物保护区来保护动物免遭猎杀。 (2)She set about cleaning her house as soon as she got home. 她一到家就开始打扫房子。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①As soon as she arrived home，she set about tidying (tidy) up the room. ②The young man dreams of setting(set) up his own company. ③He has achieved what he set out to do(do) three years ago. ④She sets aside a little money each week for future use. 一句多译 ⑤她一回到家就开始打扫房间。 She set about cleaning the room as soon as she got home.(set about) ＝She set out to clean the room as soon as she got home.(set out) 2．request vt.要求，请求 n．要求，请求；要求的事 [教材P34]　For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users' needs. 例如，她要求一个技术团队开发一个应用程序，从而满足不同用户的需求。 (1)at sb.'s request ＝ at the request of sb.应某人的请求 make a request for sth./that ... 请求……，要求…… (2)request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request that sb. (should) do... 要求……[名师点津]　request后跟宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“should do”。 (1)Students are requested to go to work in poor mountain areas after graduating from university. 要求学生在大学毕业后到贫困山区工作。 (2)The tourist came up to the native, and made a request for his help. 这位游客走向那位本地人，向他求助。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The boy requested a computer from his parents as his birthday present. ②At the request of some English learners，he has published a lot of books. ③You are requested not to smoke (smoke) in the theatre. 一句多译 ④班主任要求我们复习功课。 Our headteacher requested us to go (go) over our lessons. ＝Our headteacher requested that we (should) go (go) over our lessons. 3．[教材P34]　It occurred to her that dance had a very positive effect on her daughter. 她突然想到舞蹈对她女儿有非常积极的影响。 本句中It occurs to sb. that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……” (1)occur vi. (occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现 occur to sb. 某人突然想到；想起 It occurs to sb.that.../to do... 某人突然想到…… (2)表示“某人突然想到……”还常用下列句型： It strikes sb. that... It hits sb.that... [名师点津]　(1)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 (2)表示“发生”的常见动词还有：happen，take place等。 [易混辨析]　(1)occur较正式用词，可用于具体或抽象的事物，通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事，在表示具体的事物时，可与happen换用，但occur还表示“某人想起”。 (2)happen普通用词，泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性。另外，happen还有“碰巧”之意。 (3)take place“发生，举行”，多指通过人为安排而发生的事。 (1)It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。 (2)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred to me. 他失去了意识，当我看着他的脸时，我突然想到了一些事情。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①An excellent idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning. 我今天早上醒来时突然想到一个好主意。 ②It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a moment to see what's around them. 他们几乎不会想到去闲逛一下，花点时间看看周围的事物。 ③A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance. 例如，年轻劳动力的急剧下降可能会出现在中国。 一句多译 ④她突然想起她把钥匙忘在办公室里了。 It struck her that she had left her key in the office.(strike) ＝It hit her that she had left her key in the office.(hit) ＝It occurred to her that she had left her key in the office.(occur) 1．The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area. →The storm left，having caused a lot of damage to this area． 2．Do be more careful when you cross the street. →Do be more careful when crossing the street． 3．As it was a wet day，we couldn't go for a walk. →It being a wet day，we couldn't go for a walk． 4．Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help. →Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help． 5．As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast. →Having made the beds，she started making breakfast． 1．On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 2．A city is the product of the human hand and mind，reflecting (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity. 3．China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.” 4.Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，exceeding (exceed) the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts. 5．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$