Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P47] 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 阅读下面教材中的句子并体会动词不定式作定语和结果状语的语法特征。 ①“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” ②Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. ③Although there is no way to prevent a typhoon, you can get prepared for it. [自我归纳] (1)句子①中的to protect themselves为动词不定式作结果状语。 (2)句子②中的to survive the disaster为动词不定式作后置定语。 (3)句子③中的to prevent a typhoon为动词不定式作后置定语。 一、动词不定式的用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。本单元重点讲解动词不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。 二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，表示还未发生的动作，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。 (一)动词不定式作定语的几条规则 1．规则1 Li Lei was the first student to come into the classroom this morning. 李磊是今天早上第一个走进教室的学生。 Believe it or not, I am the only one to hear the news. 信不信由你，我是唯一听到这个消息的人。 Alan was the youngest student to win the prize. 艾伦是最年轻的获奖学生。 [特别提醒] ①以上各句中动词不定式皆作后置定语，其中to come into the classroom 修饰the first student; to hear the news 修饰 the only one；to win the prize修饰 the youngest student。 ②当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 2．规则2 I don't trust his promise to come for a visit. 我不相信他来拜访的承诺。 He said he had no plans to go there. 他说他没有去那里的计划。 The old man made an attempt to stand up. 老人试图站起来。 [特别提醒] ①以上句子中动词不定式皆作后置定语，其中to come for a visit 修饰his promise; to go there 修饰plans；to stand up 修饰 attempt。 ②有些名词的同源动词常跟不定式作宾语，而这些名词也常跟不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有wish, decision，determination, refusal, arrangement, intention, agreement, hope, need, plan, promise, failure, attempt, offer等。 3．规则3 We should develop the students' ability to solve problems. 我们应该培养学生解决问题的能力。 He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种神奇的方式使他的课生动有趣。 Give him something to eat.给他点吃的。 [特别提醒] ①以上句子中动词不定式皆作后置定语，其中to solve problems 修饰 the students' ability；to make his classes lively and interesting 修饰 a strange way; to eat 修饰something。 ②动词不定式常常放在某些抽象名词，如plan, way, chance, place, desire, effort, ability, time, opportunity，reason, potential, freedom等或不定代词后面作定语。 (二)动词不定式作定语时与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系 We must find a person to do the work. 我们必须找个人来做这项工作。 He has a lot of books to read. 他有很多书要读。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有舒适的房子住。 The man to give us a lecture is a senior expert. 要给我们做讲座的男士是一位资深专家。 I have an essay to complete within this month. 这个月内我有一篇论文要完成。 He is a good fellow to work with. 他是一个能共事的好伙伴。 [特别提醒] ①以上句子中动词不定式与所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 ②动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。 ③当动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要加上适当的介词。 [对点练]　单句语法填空 ①China has become the first country to land (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. ②Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change) lives, including your own. ③Have you got anything to say (say)? ④The book to be published (publish) next week is written by a famous young writer. ⑤The professor to give us a lecture tomorrow on the way to study (study) English is from Beijing University. 三、动词不定式作结果状语 1．常用于特定结构中 Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥足够坚固支撑重型卡车吗？ During the earthquake, you should keep calm and never be too nervous to know what to do. 遇到地震时，你应该保持冷静，不要太紧张以至于不知道该做什么。 The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here. 风景太美了，吸引了很多人来这里。 She is so self-confident as to never feel nervous when giving a speech. 她如此自信以至于演讲时从不感觉紧张。 [特别提醒] ①以上句子中动词不定式作结果状语。 ②动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中： too...to do...太……而不能做…… so/such...as to do...如此……以至于做…… enough...to do...足够……以至于做…… 2．一般表示意料之外的结果 Tom hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 汤姆急忙赶到车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。 Yesterday I went to see her，only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before. 昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。 The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree. 那个旅客猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一头豹子。 He left his hometown when he was ten, never to return. 他十岁的时候离开故乡，再也没有回来。 [特别提醒] ①以上句子中动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。 ②动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。 ③ 现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。 Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。 [对点练]　单句语法填空 ①If you're lucky enough to receive (receive) gifts, keep them in a safe place. ②I arrived at the shop only to find (find) I'd left all my money at home. ③He hurried to the booking office only to be told (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. ④ He served people so wholeheartedly as to be praised (praise) by all. ⑤As the famous saying goes，“One is never too old to learn (learn).” Usage要点拾遗 1．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 [教材P20]　As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock． 你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (1)be a shock to... 使……震惊 (2)shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 (1)It was a real shock to me to hear that the factory would have to close. 听到工厂将不得不关闭的消息，我非常震惊。 (2)Jones was shocked when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated. 她虽然被骗，但实际上对此并不是很在意，这让琼斯感到很震惊。 [即学即用]　一句多译 这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。 ①The news made the people at the meeting very shocked． ②The people at the meeting were shocked at/by the news． 单句语法填空 ③I was shocked to hear (hear) the news that he had been fired. ④We are shocked (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake. [语境串记]　It is a shock to me that the man should be shocked when he saw the science fiction film which was't shocking at all.I was really shocked at it. 对我来说，这是一个震惊。当这个人看到科幻电影时竟然感到震惊，而它根本不令人震惊。我真的很震惊。 2．run out of用完，耗尽 [教材P20]　Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是不是担心供应品用光了？ (某物)用完/耗尽(不能用于被动语态) run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run across 跑着穿过；偶然碰见 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到困难 [易混辨析]　use up，run out of，run out use up/run out of用完，后接物品作宾语，主语则是人或地区，可使用被动语态。 run out用完，一般以物作主语，表示该物已用光，以主动形式表示被动意义(be used up意义与run out相同)。 (1)I am running out of petrol.I must find a gas station before it runs out. 我的汽油快用完了，我得趁还没用完找到一个加油站。 (2)I ran across an old photo in the drawer the other day. 前几天我在抽屉里偶然发现一张旧照片。 [即学即用]　一句多译 我们已经把钱用光了。下一步该怎么办？ ①We have run out of/have used up the money.What should we do next? ②The money has been run out of/has been used up by us.What should we do next? ③The money has run out/has given out．What should we do next? 3．[教材P20]　The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 [句式解构]　本句中的must have caused为must have done结构。 must have done 表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can't＋have done代替。 must表示推测时的常用结构； must do 表示对现在的推测； must be doing 表示对正在进行的动作的推测； must have done 表示对过去的事情的肯定推测。 (1)From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 (2)Mr Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 ②You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。 ③He can't have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test. 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。 1．She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on，but found it didn't fit. She took the dress out of the closet and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit． 2．The medical team that will be sent to this place will start off next week. The medical team to be sent to this place will start off next week． 3．You are the only person in this group of trainees who is admitted into our company. You are the only person to be admitted into our company in this group of trainees． 4．She is the first blind student that will study in this university. She is the first blind student to study in this university． 5．You are so intelligent that you can solve the problem all by yourself. You are intelligent enough to solve the problem all by yourself． 1．As it was too deep to climb (climb) down，I hanged my gun to one of the men and slid down it. 2．The question to be discussed(discuss)next year has something important to do with our daily life. 3．Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook (cook) a meal. 4．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve) water quality. 5．The girl was too nervous to walk (walk) farther when she saw the snake. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$