Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 省　略 [对应学生用书P128] [观察] 1．It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest. 2．My office is only on the third floor of the building，so quite low. 3．It's lovely at the beach，but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! 4．Yes，each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. [探究] 为了避免重复和保持语言的简洁，句1中deepest后省略了lines；句2中so后省略了it is；句3中but后省略了it is；句4中last后省略了summer。 一、省略的定义 省略是为了避免重复并保持句子简洁，而将句子中的某些成分省去的一种语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。 一般来说，只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略之后，不仅句子结构更加紧凑，而且句子意思更加明确。 二、并列句的省略 [感知] 1．John would attend the music class on the weekend but his brother would not (attend the music class). 约翰周末要上音乐课，但是他的弟弟不上。 2．We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。 3．I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine. 我八点来的，但亨利是在九点来的。 [归纳] 并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、助动词、宾语或其他成分，或句子成分的一部分。 三、复合句的省略 [感知] 1．My parents asked me to visit my grandparents (that/whom) I haven't seen for a whole month. 我父母要我去看望我整整一个月没见的爷爷奶奶。 2．While (we are) watching, everyone shouldn't chat with others casually or eat some snacks. 观看的时候，每个人都不应该随便和别人聊天或吃零食。 3．I believe (that) taking a nap is good for our health as well as for our study. 我相信午睡对我们的学习和健康都有好处。 4．—You all like the story? —Yes，(we all like the story)except that the conclusion is too hasty. ——你们都喜欢这个故事吗？ ——是的，只是结尾太仓促。 [归纳] 1．在定语从句中，如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。 2．在状语从句中，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 3．在宾语从句中，一般情况下，引导宾语从句的that可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长或有其他不能省略的特殊情况，that不能省略。 4．有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。 四、虚拟语气中的省略 [感知] 1．Had you come here yesterday (If you had come here yesterday), you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。 2．We insisted that they (should) go with us. 我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。 [归纳] 1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were/had/should提前构成部分倒装。 2．在“一坚持(insist)；二命令(order、command)；三建议(suggest、propose、advise)；四要求(demand、require、request、ask)”等后的宾语从句中，或含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及“It is strange/natural/necessary/important that ...”句式的that从句中，常省略should。 五、动词不定式的省略 [感知] 1．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，可他妈妈不同意。 2．His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱，给妈妈买一栋大房子。 3．I saw him enter the room just now. 刚才我看见他进了房间。 4．I can do nothing but wait. 我能做的只有等待。 [归纳] 1．有些动词(词组)，如want、wish、expect、hope、would like、try、forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词，只保留到to；但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。 2．两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面可以省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to 不可省略。 3．感官动词(词组)see、look at、hear、listen to、notice、watch等和使役动词make、let、have等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to；但此类动词被动语态中的to不可省略。 4．在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。 六、介词的省略 [感知] 1．We should take immediate measures to prevent/stop the environment (from) being polluted. 我们应该立即采取措施保护环境免受污染。 2．We have a final exam every term. 每学期我们举行一次期末考试。 [归纳] 1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in) doing sth.、have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.、prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.等。 2．与时间搭配的介词at、on和in，在next、last、this、each、these、yesterday、every、tomorrow等词之前，一般要省略。 七、使用替代词so、not等的省略 [感知] 1．She became a loyal friend to me and remains so.(so代替a loyal friend). 她成了我忠实的朋友，而且一直如此。 2．—Can you come next week? —I'm afraid not.(＝ I'm afraid that I can not come.) ——你下周能来吗？ ——恐怕我不能来。 [归纳] 1．so在expect、think、imagine、hope、suppose、believe等词后面，代替单词、词组或句子。 2．not代替否定的句子，用法和so相似。 [即练] 将下列句子升级为省略句 1．It is well done. →Well done. 2．When they are seen from the plane，the houses look like tiny toys. →Seen from the plane，the houses look like tiny toys. 3．You must not be late and you must not be absent. →You must not be late or absent. 4．Mother should take a rest but Mother won't take a rest after long hours of work. →Mother should but won't take a rest after long hours of work. 5．He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn't answer the questions. →He could answer the questions very well if he would but he didn't. 6．If it is possible，this old temple will be rebuilt. →If possible，this old temple will be rebuilt. 用省略结构完成下列对话 1．A：Do you like the film? B：Very much(非常喜欢). 2．A：Would you like to go hiking with us this weekend? B：I'd like to/I'd love to(我想去)，but I have promised to visit my grandpa. 3．A：Now that we can't find the way，we can turn to a stranger. B：Sounds like a good idea(听起来像是个好主意). 4．A：Shall I make some changes to the plan? B：Yes.If time permits(如果时间允许的话). 5．A：Mary may not be free today. B：If so(如果这样的话)，we have to put off the meeting. 6．A：Why don't they move to a bigger place? B：They don't want to(他们不想).They're happy where they are. 7．A：Seen my gloves(看到我的手套了吗)? B：They're in the kitchen. 8．A：Have more coffee? B：I'd better not(我最好不要).I won't be able to sleep later. [课时梯级训练(二十二)见P216] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$