Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 现在完成时的被动语态 [对应学生用书P59] [观察] 1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. 2．In addition，important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. 3．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 4．I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself. 5．Nothing like this has been invented yet ... [探究] 1．句中黑体部分的结构：have/has been done形式。 2．黑体部分的动词和句子的主语之间皆为被动关系。 以上句中黑体部分动作的发出者明确吗？为什么？ 不明确。因为不知道或没必要说出。 现在完成时的被动语态强调动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。 一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成 [感知] 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. 卡森证明，一种历史上流传下来的简单的文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。 2．Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where has not been decided yet. 詹姆斯教授将要给我们作关于西方文化的演讲， 但是时间和地点还没有定。 3．Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？ 4．How long has the machine been repaired? 这台机器修理多长时间了？ [归纳] 现在完成时的被动语态的构成 形式 构成 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？ [即练] 单句填空/完成句子 1．Learning that the new campus has been put(put) into use, I am writing to offer you some advice. 2．Recently some voluntary activities have been organized(organize) to help raise the awareness of protecting animals. 3．谁受到了邀请？ Who has been invited? 4．地震已经摧毁了数百万间房屋。 Millions of houses have been destroyed by the earthquake. 二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法 [感知] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. 俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。 2．Great improvements in public health have been brought about by advances in medical science. 医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。 3．The teacher won't leave until all the children have been picked up. 直到所有的孩子都被接走，老师才会离开。 [归纳] 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already、yet、just、never、recently等副词连用。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 ①现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。 ②一些非延续性动词，如finish、buy、start、begin、return、borrow、join、marry、open等的现在完成时的被动语态在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语(如for four days、how long等)连用，若连用则需要更换同义动词(词组)或时态。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。 ③动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语中的某个介词或副词。 The orphan has been well looked after. 这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。 [即练] 用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 1．They have found a good place to build a temple in the village. →A good place has been found to build a temple in the village (by them). 2．We haven't decided how to solve that difficult technological problem yet. →How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn't been decided yet (by us). 3．They have done the experiment successfully. →The experiment has been done successfully (by them). 4．The teacher has told them not to make noises many times. →They have been told many times (by the teacher) not to make noises. 用所给词的适当形式填空 In the past 20 years, great changes 1.have been made(make) in our daily life. Various modern devices 2.have been invented(invent), which 3.have made(make)our life faster and easier. Many high-rise buildings 4.have been built(build)，making our life clean and comfortable. What's the most important is that great changes 5.have taken place(take place) in people's concept of life. Also, the living environment 6.has been improved(improve) greatly. Now people not only care more about their own health but also our planet's health. In a word，this is the happiest life we 7.have lived(live). [课时梯级训练(十)见P159] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$