Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES 纯话题阅读-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册作业与测评课件PPT（人教版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES 纯话题阅读 较易题(占比25%)　中档题(占比50%)　拔高题(占比25%) 题号 A B C D 难度 ★★ ★ ★★★ ★★ 纯话题阅读 2 (2024·江西省景德镇市高一下期中)We can probably all agree that it is good to be kind， nice to be kind， but does it lead to success in life? After all， isn't kindness about putting other people's interests first? Doesn't it require self­sacrifice? Yet consider these well­known people: James Timpson， boss of the Timpson chain of shoe repairers; Jacinda Ardern， the prime minister of New Zealand． These two are clearly “winners” in their fields， and yet both put kindness at the heart of their strategies for success． What they have found is that taking a more sympathetic and apparently “softer” approach to business， politics and sports management brings positive results， not just for the benefit of people who work for them， but for their own benefit． The traditional idea that you have to be cruel， driven and focused on number one if you want to achieve success is becoming less popular． 纯话题阅读 3 It's notable that in the field of business research， kind leadership is more often referred to as “ethical (有道德的)” leadership， maybe because it sounds less soft． But whatever you decided to call it， studies have shown that it can result in a more positive atmosphere at work and that employees perform better too． There's evidence that even small acts of kindness and cooperation by anyone can make a difference in a workplace． An example might be getting the printer mended， rather than leaving it broken for the next person to find， or watering the plants in the office． These actions aren't required as part of the job， but if we carry them out， the working environment is a little better for everyone． 纯话题阅读 4 Of course， there are still plenty of examples of people who do well in life， but they are self­centered and unkind to others． But the point is that despite what we might see， you don't have to be hard­nosed (不讲情面的) to get on in business or other highly competitive walks of life． You can't be a winner simply through being kind of course—you need motivation， devotion and skills too—but there's more and more evidence that showing some kindness as you go after your goal is no barrier to success． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了善良在某种程度上有助于成功，并且进行了举例说明。 纯话题阅读 5 1．What's the function of Paragraph 1? A．To entertain the readers． B．To attract readers' interest． C．To introduce the topic． D．To inform readers of the fact． 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“We can probably … it require self­sacrifice？(我们可能都同意善良是件好事，善良很好，但它会导致生活中的成功吗？毕竟，善良不就是把别人的利益放在第一位吗？这难道不需要自我牺牲吗？)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入话题。故选C。 纯话题阅读 6 2．What inspiration can we get from James Timpson and Jacinda Ardern? A．They both think kindness is the deciding factor in success． B．Being sympathetic can only benefit people working for them． C．Traditional ideas cannot think highly of kindness too much． D．Being kind contributes to their success to a certain degree． 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What they have found … but for their own benefit． (他们发现，对商业、政治和体育管理采取一种更有同情心、显然更‘温和’的态度会带来积极的结果，这不仅有利于为他们工作的人，也有利于他们自己。)”可知，James Timpson和Jacinda Ardern告诉我们，在某种程度上，善良有助于他们的成功。故选D。 纯话题阅读 7 3．In the field of business， you are expected to ________． A．give a ride to your senior workmate if it's convenient B．lend money to your colleagues whenever they ask C．leave the broken printer for the next person to find D．always ask for help from your boss when in trouble 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There's evidence that … the plants in the office． (有证据表明，即使是任何人的善意和合作的小举动也会在工作场所产生影响。一个例子可能是把打印机修好，而不是把坏了的打印机留给下一个人去发现，或者给办公室里的植物浇水。)”可推知，在商业领域，如果方便的话，你应该让你的资深同事搭车。故选A。 纯话题阅读 8 4．What's the best title of the passage? A．Kindness makes a great difference to our life B．It is kindness that matters most in business C．Successful people give us lots of inspiration D．Being self­centered and unkind leads to failure 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了善良在某种程度上有助于成功，并且进行了举例说明。A项(善良对我们的生活有很大的影响)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 纯话题阅读 9 (2024·天津市四校联考高一下期末)After realizing students at his elementary school were going hungry at home， PE teacher Jason Watson got a wave of inspiration． 纯话题阅读 10 Jason and his wife， school librarian Anne， bought a used ice cream truck， and for the past two summers， the couple， both 39， have delivered hot home­cooked lunches and icy treats to kids in need in their 1，300­person town of Frazeysburg， Ohio． It all started back in 2016 when the pair started AIM Outreach， an after­school program for kids that included free lunches． In 2020， their in­person outreach had to be stopped， so the couple bought the truck and have been hard at work since． 纯话题阅读 11 The family cooks all the meals themselves， posting online the dates and times they will be delivering． They serve about 70 meals a week in the summertime; to date， they estimate they've served about 2，200 lunches from the truck． “We share the love of cooking，” Jason says． “Instead of giving out fast food， we try to actually cook a really good meal， to treat them a little bit．” The couple launched a GoFundMe in June， 2022 when the truck needed both a new transmission and a new engine． They raised more than $10，000．“We've been blown away by the outpouring of donations，” says Anne． “And we've decided to do more． Our dream is to possibly open a free café where we invite people to sit， have a hot dinner and then share life together， which is kind of our vision going ahead．” 纯话题阅读 12 “We believe at GoFundMe that help is kindness in action，” says Kelsea Little， head of brand storytelling at GoFundMe． “They are spreading joy out every day．” Little hopes the Watson family will inspire other people to spread kindness in their communities． “They might not have an ice cream truck to go feed everyone with， but there are maybe some small things they could do for their neighbors or to make the world a better place or ever just to do something kind for someone else，” she says． 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对39岁的夫妇为有需要的孩子们送去了热的家庭午餐和冰食，并希望开一家咖啡馆，为更多的人提供免费的食物。 纯话题阅读 13 5．The Watsons bought an ice cream truck to ________． A．share food with children in need B．support their life in hard times C．promote their after­school program D．kill time with their ice­cream business 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Jason (杰森)和他的妻子买了一辆冰淇淋车为有需要的孩子分享食物。故选A。 纯话题阅读 14 6．What do we know about the Watsons' act? A．They prepared fast food in advance． B．They posted detailed menus online every day． C．They shared their love of cooking online． D．They turned their love of cooking into kindness． 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，这家人热爱烹饪，用心为人们做出美味的饭菜，并在网上发布送餐日期和时间。由此可推知，这对夫妇把对烹饪的热爱变成了善举。故选D。 纯话题阅读 15 7．What pushed the Watsons to turn to GoFundMe in 2022? A．The plan to open a new restaurant． B．The need to update the ice cream truck． C．The aim to start a charity organization． D．The idea to expand their menu and meal options． 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The couple launched a GoFundMe … more than $10，000．(这对夫妇于2022年6月发起了GoFundMe，当时卡车需要新的变速器和新的发动机。他们筹集了1万多美元。)”可知，这对夫妇于2022年6月发起GoFundMe是为了升级冰激凌车。故选B。 纯话题阅读 16 8．How did the Watsons react to the donations on GoFundMe? A．They gave extra donations back． B．They were curious about the donors． C．They were inspired to do more kind acts． D．They funded kids' education with them． 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“We've been blown away … is kind of our vision going ahead．(Anne (安妮)说，‘我们被源源不断的捐款惊呆了，我们决定做更多的事情。我们的梦想是可能开一家免费的咖啡馆，邀请人们坐下来，吃一顿热腾腾的晚餐，然后一起分享生活，这是我们未来的愿景。’)”可知，对于这份捐赠，这对夫妻受到鼓舞并会做更多的善举。故选C。 纯话题阅读 17 (2024·重庆市巴蜀中学高一下阶段练习)Most adults view human life as especially precious． For example， a survey of millions of people in 233 countries， most of them in their 20s and 30s， found they largely agreed that self­driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose． However， growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. Using a toy railway and Lego figures， Matti Wilks and her colleagues at the University of Edinburgh presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios (场景) based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem． 纯话题阅读 18 The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal—either a dog or chimpanzee (大猩猩)． Surprisingly， children were likely to save a dog over a person． About 42 percent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person， compared with just 17 percent of adults． About 28 per cent of children also prioritized the chimpanzee over the person， compared with 11 percent of adults． 纯话题阅读 19 “Children learn from their parents， teachers and others that it's morally (道德上) important to care for others， but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule，” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany． As a result， they don't show a strong preference for saving one over the other， she says． “However， as they get older， they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it's really important to care for other people，” says Neldner． The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity， says Wilks． Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person． 纯话题阅读 20 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童与成人在道德选择上的差异，儿童在面临人类与动物的生命选择时，更可能选择拯救动物，揭示了儿童可能不完全理解人类生命的价值。 纯话题阅读 21 9．What is the author's purpose of the first paragraph? A．To present a scientific finding． B．To advertise for self­driving cars． C．To provide background information． D．To introduce the topic of the passage． 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，本段通过提出一个关于自动驾驶汽车的选择问题引导读者思考儿童与成年人在面对生命选择时的不同态度和看法，从而引出文章的主题。故选D。 纯话题阅读 22 10．What can we learn from Wilks' thought experiment? A．Children may fail to understand the value of human life． B．Children's moral development is shaped by the love for pets． C．The trolley problem is a tool to assess children's understanding． D．Most children in the experiment prefer to save a dog over a person． 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Surprisingly， children were likely to save a dog over a person．”可知，孩子们在面临电车问题的选择时，更有可能选择拯救一只狗而不是一个人。由此可推知，他们在某种程度上可能没有完全理解人类生命的价值。故选A。 纯话题阅读 23 11．What causes children to change their moral choices? A．Cultural influence． B．Familiarity with others． C．Learning the blanket rule． D．Care for parents and teachers． 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However， as they get older … care for other people”可知，孩子们随着年龄的增长可能会接受文化叙事，告诉他们关心他人非常重要，即文化影响是导致孩子们在道德决策上发生变化的因素之一。故选A。 纯话题阅读 24 12．Which might be the best title for the text? A．Moral Dilemma: the Trolley Problem B．Different Opinions About Self­driving Cars C．Children's Choices: Saving Human Lives or Animals D．Psychological Effects of Animals on Children 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了儿童更愿意救动物还是救人，C项(孩子的选择：救人还是救动物)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 纯话题阅读 25 (2024·山东省滨州市高一下期末)As an active duty Marine and marathon runner， 27­year­old Wesley Swainston runs regularly and always has a dog by his side． However， the dogs are usually not his． 纯话题阅读 26 Wesley lovingly calls these dogs “shelter gems”—pups that are amazing but not adopted because they have not spent enough time with people and are stressed out in the shelter． His goal is to find them forever homes by spending time with them and documenting their journey． Wesley visits nearby shelters after work every week． It all started when he noticed that many shelter dogs lack socialization and interaction with humans． As a result， when they encounter visitors， they often bark and become frantic in their cages． “They haven't seen a lot of life，” he says． “So they're going to be pretty fearful of people and things like cars or leaves blowing on the ground．” 纯话题阅读 27 Wesley discovered that taking them out for runs and exposing them to the outside world can have a transformative effect． “It was a night and day difference，” he says． “It gives them a chance to get away from the shelter， which is super stressful．” Every month， dogs featured by Wesley find their forever homes as people see their personalities and journeys through his social media． One of the dogs Wesley worked closely with was a pit bull boxer mix named Bear， whose high energy and jumping habits kept him from finding a forever home． Before meeting Wesley， Bear was one of the longest residents at the shelter， having been there since he was a puppy． Wesley spent months running with Bear， taking him to places like Lowe's and filming him enjoying the world outside． Eventually， people started recognizing Bear in public． After months of dedication， Bear's big moment came—he was adopted by a family from Maine! 纯话题阅读 28 “It made me feel like I'm making a difference，” says Wesley． “This has given me way more than I've sacrificed．” Through his actions， Wesley hopes to inspire more people to spend time with their local shelter dogs． “If you just set aside a little bit of time， you can make a huge difference in a person's life and an animal's life，” he says． “So that's the goal．” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了27岁的Wesley Swainston (韦斯利·斯温斯顿)经常带着收容所的狗一起跑步，帮助狗找到主人的故事。 纯话题阅读 29 13．Why does Wesley always take dogs out for runs? A．To relieve stress of work． B．To find them forever homes． C．To promote the shelters． D．To ensure safety of the dogs． 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His goal is to find … documenting their journey．”可知，他带着收容所的狗跑步是为了帮助狗找到永远的家。故选B。 纯话题阅读 30 14．What does the underlined word “frantic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Calm and relaxed． B．Nervous but curious． C．Frightened and upset． D．Confused but delighted． 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“As a result， when … blowing on the ground．”可知，这些狗关在笼子里没有见过很多生物，因此，遇到人时，它们会吠叫，并变得害怕且不安，由此可知，画线词表示“害怕的；不安的”。故选C。 纯话题阅读 31 15．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The reasons why dogs are not adopted． B．An example of Wesley's meaningful act． C．The role social media plays in daily life． D．The process of helping dogs find shelters． 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，Bear (贝尔)是收容所住得最久的狗之一，它的习惯使它无法找到一个永远的家。Wesley花了几个月的时间和Bear一起跑步。最终，人们开始在公共场合认出Bear。经过几个月的努力，Bear被缅因州的一个家庭收养了！由此可知，本段主要讲述了Wesley有意义行为的一个例子——为一只名为Bear的狗找到了家。故选B。 纯话题阅读 32 16．Which of the following best describes Wesley? A．Caring． B．Generous． C．Confident． D．Ambitious． 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Wesley帮助收容所的狗找到主人并鼓励更多的人花时间和当地收容所的狗在一起，由此可推知，他是关心的，体贴的。故选A。 纯话题阅读 33 R $$