Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词­ing形式作定语和表语[对应学生用书P17] [观察] 1．During the Mid­Autumn Festival in China，families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. 2．Another example is Halloween，which slowly became an exciting festival for children，in spite of its religious origins. 3．The performances were just amazing. 4．The food，the parades，and the beautiful fireworks—it's always exciting for me. 5．It's good to spend time with my family，too，although it can get a bit boring in my hometown after a while. [探究] 1．句中加黑词在句中作定语或表语。 2．句1、2中的动词­ing形式表示动作或状态。 3．句3、4、5中的动词­ing形式表示特征或状态。 动词­ing形式除了以上句中的功能外还可以在句中用作什么成分？ 宾语补足语、状语等。 一、动词­ing形式作定语 [感知] 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. 就在这时，冈特指向了汽车站的候车厅。 2．In the following years，she worked even harder. 在接下来的几年中，她工作更努力了。 3．Keep quiet.There's a sleeping child.＝Keep quiet.There's a child who is sleeping. 保持安静，有个孩子在睡觉。 4．Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour. 以每小时6英里的速度行走的竞走运动员每小时大约会消耗800卡路里。 [探究] 句 动词­ing形式的功能意义 1 表示名词的属性或用途 2、3、4 表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态 [归纳] 1．动词­ing形式表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，相当于介词for的短语，常置于被修饰的名词前。 2．动词­ing形式表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于定语从句。当动词­ing形式单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果作定语的动词­ing形式是一个短语，则放在该名词后。 [即练] 单句填空 1．Do you know the girl singing(sing) on the stage? 2．(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing(write) contest. 3．His mother touched his face with her shaking(shake) hands，with tears in her eyes. 4．All the students said they had never experienced such an interesting(interest) class before. 5．There are a group of students playing(play) football in the playground. 二、动词­ing形式作表语 [感知] 1．My job is teaching English.(＝ Teaching English is my job.) 我的工作是教英语。 2．My favorite sport is swimming.(＝ Swimming is my favorite sport.) 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 3．The present problem is quite puzzling. 眼下的这个问题很令人困惑。 4．The film we saw last night was very moving. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。 [探究] 句 动词­ing形式的功能意义 1、2 与主语内容一致 3、4 说明主语的性质或特征 [归纳] 1．动词­ing形式表示抽象的一般性的行为时，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 2．动词­ing形式表示主语的某种性质或特征时，通常可以看作形容词。常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing、amusing、confusing、disappointing、boring、encouraging、inspiring、moving、tiring、interesting、surprising等。 3．动词­ing形式作表语与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别：动词­ing形式表示一般性的动作；动词不定式(短语)表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 ①在主系表结构中，系动词除be外还有appear、sound、look、become、come、get、go、grow、keep、remain、seem等。 ②动词­ing形式作表语时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词­ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。 The present situation is encouraging.(表语) 目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。 The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(谓语动词的组成部分) 目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上大步前进。 [即练] 单句填空 1．The shark is an animal that is frightening(frighten). 2．These lanterns are amazing(amaze). 3．His job is painting(paint) walls. 4．It'll be tiring(tire) to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes. 三、过去分词与动词­ing形式作定语和表语 (一)过去分词与动词­ing形式作定语 [感知] 1．The question discussed was very important. 讨论过的那个问题很重要。 2．The house standing at the corner of the street was built after the earthquake. 矗立在街道角落的那所房子是在地震后建的。 [探究] 句 定语形式 意义 1 过去分词 表示被动、完成 2 动词­ing形式 表示主动、进行 [归纳] 过去分词(短语)作定语和动词­ing形式(短语)作定语的区别： 1．语态不同：动词­ing形式表示主动；过去分词表示被动。 2．时间关系上不同：动词­ing形式表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 (二)充当形容词的过去分词与动词­ing形式作表语 [感知] 1．They became so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 2．The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once. 形势变得如此令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。 [探究] 句 用法 1 过去分词作表语，表示状态，常用人作主语 2 动词­ing形式作表语，表示特征，常用物作主语 [归纳] 形式 意义 过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” [即练] 单句填空 1．We were all encouraged at the encouraging news that our basketball team won the game.(encourage) 2．An important step for developing countries towards developed ones is to wipe out poverty.(develop) 3．The story was so moving(move) that he was moved to tears.(move) 4．He was excited(excite) at the good news. 5．Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging(challenge). 6．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning(question) look. 用所给词的适当形式补全下面短文 The Bernina Express follows a route 1.running(run) from Eastern Switzerland to Northern Italy.People 2.travelling(travel) aboard the Bernina Express have the chance to see incredible views.It is 3.amazing(amaze) that the landscape 4.lining(line) the route is beautiful and dramatic，with snowy mountains and green valleys.There is no doubt that the Bernina Express is a journey for travellers 5.wanting(want) to get back to nature：the train window becomes the TV screen，and the natural world is the show. [课时梯级训练(二)见P123] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$