Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．lantern n．灯笼；提灯 2．costume n．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装 3．march vi.& n．行进；前进；示威游行 4．range n．一系列；范围、界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 5．figure n．人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定 6．charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 7．gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 8．harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 9．crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成 10．gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割 11．feature vt.以……为特色n.特色；特征；特点 12．church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂 13．fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱 14．firecracker n．鞭炮；爆竹 15．medium n．(pl.media)媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜 2．origin n．起源；起因；出身→original adj.原先的；最初的→originally adv.原来；起初 3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的 4．joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的 5．agriculture n．农业；农艺→agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产) 6．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n．(房屋内部等的)装饰，装潢 7．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n．(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思；含义 8．grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地→gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 9．type n．类型；典型→typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 10．commerce n．贸易；商业；商务→commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→commercialise (NAmE also­ize) vt.使商业化；利用……牟利→commercialisation (NAmE also­ization) n．商业化 11．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→reflection n．反射；反映 12．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→believe vt.相信 13．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠诚地 14．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的；临时的→occasionally adv.偶然；偶尔；有时候 名词加后缀­ful构成形容词，后缀­ful表示“充满……的；有……性质(或倾向)的”。 joy→joyful　use→useful color→colorful　 meaning→meaningful Ⅲ.短语互译 1．穿上盛装；装扮dress_(sb.)_up 2．毕竟；别忘了after_all 3．包括从……到……之间range_from_...to_... 4．逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱fade_away 5．不管；尽管 in_spite_of 6．利用；欺骗；占……的便宜take_advantage_of 7．(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征have_sth.in_common 8．play a significant role in在……中起重要作用 9．take place发生；举行 10．in order to为了 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 教材原句：However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 翻译：然而，无论节日看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。 2．句型：which引导非限制性定语从句 教材原句：Another example is Halloween，which slowly became an exciting festival for children，in spite of its religious origins. 翻译：另一个例子是万圣节前夕，虽然这一节日起源于宗教，但却渐渐成了孩子们纵情玩乐的一个节日。 3. 句型：with复合结构 教材原句：Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 翻译：随着商家利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)，节日正变得越来越商业化。 4. 句型：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语 教材原句：Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 翻译：购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多的钱购买礼物。 Ⅰ.原文释译 WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS? Festivals are celebrated all around the world.They have a wide range① of origins②，such as the seasons of the year，religions③，famous figures④，and important events.Every festival has its different customs and unique charms⑤.However，❶no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude⑥，love，or peace is common in all festivals. ❶no matter how引导让步状语从句；“the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace”是主语。 Of all the traditional festivals，the harvest⑦ festival can be found in almost every culture.This important agricultural⑧ festival takes place⑨ after all the crops have been gathered in⑪.People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food.In ancient Egypt，the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season.It featured⑫ a parade and a great feast with music，dancing，and sports.Today，in some European countries，people decorate⑬ churches and town halls with flowers and fruit，and get together⑭ to celebrate over a meal.During the Mid­Autumn Festival in China，families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. Customs play a significant⑮ role in⑯ festivals，but sometimes they can change over time⑰.With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas，some traditions may fade away⑱ and others may be established⑲.One example is the typical⑳ Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.Nowadays，many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution.❷Another example is Halloween，which slowly became an exciting festival for children，in spite of its religious origins. ❷which引导非限制性定语从句；in spite of its religious origins为让步状语。 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.❸Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.❹Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised，others believe the increase in spending is good forthe economy and public happiness. ❸it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to spend more on gifts for their loved ones，much easier为宾语补足语。 ❹Although引导让步状语从句，两个believe后都跟省略了that的宾语从句。 Festivals are an important part of society.They reflect people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.❺They are occasionsthat allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from，who we are，and what to appreciate.❻And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. ❺that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词occasions。 ❻if引导条件状语从句；主句中that引导宾语从句，作find的宾语。 ◆难词注解 ①range n．一系列；范围、界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 ②origin n．起源；起因；出身 ③religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的 ④figure n．人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定 ⑤charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 ⑥gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 ⑦harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) ⑧agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产) ⑨take place发生；举行(无被动语态) crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成 ⑪gather in收割；聚集；收集 ⑫feature vt.以……为特色n.特色；特征；特点 ⑬decorate vt.装饰；装潢 ⑭get together聚会；聚集；收集 ⑮significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的 ⑯play a role in 在……中起作用 ⑰over time随着时间的推移；久而久之 ⑱fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 ⑲establish vt.建立；创立；确立 ⑳typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 firecracker n．鞭炮；爆竹 evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的n.邪恶；罪恶；恶行 in spite of不管；尽管 commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的 take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 be good for有益于；对……有好处 reflect vt.显示；反映；反射 belief n．信仰；信心；信任 faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信 occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会 have sth.in common (兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 参考译文 我们为什么庆祝节日？ 世界各地都庆祝各种节日。节日的由来五花八门，有的源于时节，有的源于宗教，有的源于著名人物，还有的源于重大事件。每个节日都有其不同的风俗和独特的魅力。然而，无论节日看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。 在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化之中。这一重要的农耕节日会在所有农作物收割完毕后举行。人们举行庆祝活动来表达他们对一年食物供应的感激之情。在古埃及，人们于春季——即埃及的丰收季——庆祝丰收节。它以游行和伴有音乐、舞蹈和运动的盛大宴会为特色。如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，聚在一起共享大餐，以示庆祝。在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。 习俗在节日中扮演着重要角色，但有时也会随时间变迁而变化。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，有些传统会渐渐消失，而另一些传统则得以建立。中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱赶邪祟、庆祝新年这种习俗就是一个典型的例子。如今，为了避免空气污染，许多大城市已经摒弃了这一习俗。另一个例子是万圣节前夕，这一节日虽然起源于宗教，但却渐渐成了孩子们纵情玩乐的一个节日。 随着商家利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)，节日正变得越来越商业化。购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多的钱购买礼物。尽管有人认为节日不应该被商业化，但是也有人认为消费增长有利于(提高)经济和公众幸福感。 节日是社会的重要组成部分。节日反映了人类的愿望、信仰、信念以及对生活的态度。节日是让我们放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时刻。节日帮助我们了解我们来自何方、我们是谁、我们应该感恩什么。此外，如果你仔细研究各种节日，你可能会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The text is mainly about the_reasons_why_festivals_are_celebrated_all_around_the_world． ►文章架构 WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS？ Introduction of festivals around the world Difference：a wide 1.range of origins and different customs Similarity：the spirit of sharing joy，2.gratitude，love, or peace The harvest festival People celebrate it after all the 3.crops have been gathered in. The change of customs Over time some traditions may 4.fade_away and others may be established. Commercial festivals 5.Businesses take advantage of the celebrations. The importance They are 6.helpful in many ways. ►细节探究 1．Which country celebrated the harvest festival during the springtime？(　　) A.Ancient China. B．Ancient Greece. C.Ancient India. D．Ancient Egypt. 2．Which festival can be found in almost every culture？(　　) A.The festival about important events. B.The festival about famous figures. C.The festival about religions. D.The festival about harvest. 3．Why is the Chinese Spring Festival mentioned in Paragraph 3？(　　) A.To show how the Chinese Spring Festival is celebrated. B.To show customs can change. C.To show why people give up lighting firecrackers. D.To show customs are significant. 4．Why is lighting firecrackers stopped in some cities during Chinese Spring Festival？(　　) A.To protect the environment. B.To save money and spend more on gifts. C.To make sure of safety. D.To get rid of old customs. 5．What can we learn about the festivals from the text？(　　) A.Festivals can let people forget their work completely. B.Festivals play an important part in society. C.Festivals reflect people's hobbies. D.Festivals help people understand why they work. 答案：1～5 DDBAB ►课文语法填空 Though festivals all over the world have a wide range of 1.origins(origin)，they have something 2.in common.Almost every culture has the harvest festival.For example，during the Mid­Autumn Festival in China，families gather 3.to_admire(admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.Customs play a 4.significant(significance) role in festivals，but sometimes they can change over time.With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas，some traditions may fade away and others may 5.be_established(establish).What's more，festivals are becoming more and more 6.commercial(commerce)，with businesses 7.taking(take) advantage of the celebrations.But people's opinions differ over the issue. All in all，festivals are important in our society.They are occasions 8.that/which allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for 9.a little while.They help us understand where we 10.came(come) from，who we are，and what to appreciate. Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 march ①At the end of the march，I was very tired.行进；前进 ②In our country，spring lasts from March to May.三月 ③About 5，000 people marched through the city to protest against the war.示威游行 ④We marched 50 km across the foothills.行进，行军 ⑤Mr.Carter marched us into the principal's office.使某人前进 Ⅳ.教材续写积累 1．动作描写——庆祝节日 ①Today，in some European countries，people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit，and get together to celebrate over a meal. ②During the Mid­Autumn Festival in China，families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. [仿写]完成句子 ①人们庆祝端午节以纪念中国伟大的诗人屈原。 People celebrate_the_Dragon_Boat_Festival in memory of Qu Yuan，who was a great Chinese poet. ②年夜饭后，一家人聚集在一起谈论来年的规划。 After New Year's Eve dinner，the_family_gathered_together_to_talk_about_their_plans for next year. 2．情感描写——感恩 ①However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. ②People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. [仿写]完成句子 ①我要对所有人的辛勤劳动表示感谢。 I would like to express_my_gratitude_to_everyone for their hard work. ②她感激医护团队为她做的一切。 She was_grateful_for_everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. 1 dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮 dress up in carnival costumes 身着狂欢节服装 [要点突破] ①dress sb./oneself in＋衣服/颜色　给某人/自己穿…… be dressed in＋衣服/颜色　(某人)穿着……(表示穿的状态) dress up as ...装扮成……；打扮成…… ②get dressed穿好衣服 [写作佳句] During the school drama festival，students dress up in costumes and go to parties. 学校戏剧节期间，学生们穿上戏装去参加聚会。 put on/wear/be in/have ...on/dress 词汇 用法 put on “穿上，戴上”，强调穿的动作，后跟衣服 wear “穿着，戴着，佩戴”，强调状态。不但可以指“穿衣”，还可以指“穿”鞋、袜或“戴”帽、手套，甚至眼镜、手表、首饰等 be in 强调状态，其后多跟表示颜色的词 have ...on “穿着，戴着”，表示穿的状态，其后接衣服作宾语 dress “穿”，其动作承受者一定是人。常见用法有dress sb./oneself in、be/get dressed in等 When I go to attend a meeting，I will dress up. 当我要出席一场会议时，我会盛装打扮。 The king had nothing on. 皇帝什么也没穿。 The short lady wore a white shawl over her shoulders. 那位身材矮小的女士肩上披着一条白色的披肩。 Do you know the boy in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的男孩吗？ [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The boy dresses up as a cartoon character. ②She is usually dressed in red，which makes her look more energetic. ③You don't need to dress up to go to the gathering—jeans and a T­shirt are fine. ④He went to the bedroom to get dressed(dress). ⑤万圣节前夕如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮去邻居家要糖果吃。 Halloween is now a children's festival，when they can dress_up_and_go_to_their_neighbors'_homes to ask for sweets. 2 congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜 receive congratulations from ... 收到来自……的祝贺 [要点突破] ①offer/send/express congratulations to sb.on sth.为某事向某人表示祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺！(口语) ②congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪 congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.就(做)某事向某人道贺 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.因(做)某事为自己感到高兴/自豪 [写作佳句] I'm writing to congratulate you on winning the championship of the 26th English Speech Contest. 我写信祝贺你在第26届英语演讲比赛中获得冠军。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①You should congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job! ②I want to express my congratulations to you on your excellent performance. ③—I got that job I wanted at the public library. —Congratulations(congratulate)！That's good news. ④祝贺你在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。 →I would like to offer/send/express_(my)_congratulations_to_you_on_your_ winning_first_prize of the Chinese speech contest. →I would like to congratulate_you_on_your_winning_first_prize of the Chinese speech contest. 3 range n．一系列；范围、界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 They have a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the year，religions，famous figures，and important events. 节日的由来五花八门，有的源于时节，有的源于宗教，有的源于著名人物，还有的源于重大事件。 [要点突破] ①a wide range of一系列……；广泛的……；各种各样的…… within/in a ...range在……范围之内 out of range在视觉(或听觉)范围之外；超出……的范围 ②range from ...to ...包括从……到……之间 range between ...and ...在……和……范围内变动 [写作佳句] The course offers a range of exciting possibilities for developing your skills. 这门课程可提供一整套新鲜活泼的技能训练。 There are a wide range of animals in the zoo，ranging from pandas to tigers.The tigers can range between the two rooms but can't move beyond/out of the fence of the house. 动物园里有各种各样的动物，从熊猫到老虎。老虎可以在两个房间之间活动，但不能越过房子的围栏。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①He is the manager of our company，so hiring and firing are within the range of his responsibility. ②We have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends. ③The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants. ④参观者大多是中学生，他们的年龄从12岁到18岁不等。 →The visitors are mostly middle school students，and their ages range_from 12 to 18. →The visitors are mostly middle school students，whose_ages_range_from 12 to 18.(定语从句) →The visitors are mostly middle school students，with_their_ages_ranging_from 12 to 18.(with复合结构) 4 figure n．人物；数字；身材；图形vt.认为；认定 They have a wide range of origins，such as the seasons of the year，religions，famous figures，and important events. 节日的由来五花八门，有的源于时节，有的源于宗教，有的源于著名人物，还有的源于重大事件。 [情境探究] 赏句猜义 ①There is a figure of Liu Zongyuan in Liuzhou.雕像，塑像 ②She is dieting to keep her figure although she is slim.身材 ③Can you read this figure？Is it a three or an eight？数字 ④He was one of the great figures of his age.人物 ⑤I figure that you know more about the traditional Chinese painting.认为 [要点突破] ①keep one's figure保持体形 have a good figure身材好 a political/public figure一位政治/公众人物 ②figure out计算出；弄明白 figure in计算在内 figure that ...认为…… [写作佳句] (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach ...the animals? 在这背后，这个人试图弄清楚我教的到底是谁……动物？ Lucy is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in our town.She gets up early to take exercise every day and she also buys many books in which there are many figures with a good figure.Now I figure out how she has kept her figure for all these years. 露西被认为是我们镇上最励志的人物之一。她每天都早起锻炼，她还买了很多书，里面有很多身材好的人物。现在我明白她这么多年来是怎么保持身材的了。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①To help them figure out Qingming Festival，we took them to our town. ②I figured that if I took the night train，I could be in Scotland by morning. ③They have figured in the cost of our food for the trip. ④我们的教科书里有很多图形来帮助解释课程内容。 Our textbook has_many_figures to help explain the lessons. ⑤我不明白她为什么这么说。 I can't figure_out why she said so. 5 gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割 This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. 这一重要的农耕节日会在所有农作物收割完毕后举行。 [情境探究] 赏句猜义 ①Clouds gather before a thunderstorm.聚集 ②He took the trouble to gather the materials for me.搜集 ③The farmers are gathering crops in the fields.收割 [要点突破] gather in收割；聚集；收集 gather round/around聚集；集合 gather together聚集；聚会；整理 gather up收集；收拾 gather speed/force/one's courage加快速度/加大力量/某人鼓起勇气 gather experience积累经验 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up with. 无论星期天、生日还是其他时候，家人都能想出各种理由聚在一起吃大餐。 gather/collect 词汇 用法 gather 意为“收集，聚集”，指把分散的东西或抽象的东西聚集起来，也可指把人集中、聚集起来 collect 意为“收集，采集”，着重于计划性和选择性，指有计划、有目的、有选择地“收集” [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①We sent three men to gather up firewood for the fire. ②People gathered round/around，curious to know what was happening. ③When leaves change their color，and when farmers are ready to_gather(gather)in the crops，it's the season of autumn，a golden time to indulge in the joy of harvest. ④人们慢慢地收起自己的随身物品，离开了大厅。 People slowly gathered_their_belongings and left the hall. 6 grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的 People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. 人们举行庆祝活动来表达他们对一年食物供应的感激之情。 [要点突破] ①be grateful/thankful to sb.for sth.＝thank sb.for sth.因某事而感激某人 I would be grateful if you could/would ...如果你能……，我将感激不尽。 ②gratefully adv.感激地 ③gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 show/express one's gratitude to sb.for sth.因某事向某人表达感谢 [写作佳句] We are particularly grateful to him for his timely help. 我们特别感谢他的及时帮助。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Any help or donations will be gratefully(grateful) received. ②My parents have always convinced me to challenge myself，for which I'm really grateful. ③如果您能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I'd_be_very_grateful if you could give me some advice. 7 feature n．特色；特征；特点vt.以……为特色 It featured a parade and a great feast with music，dancing，and sports. 它以游行和伴有音乐、舞蹈和运动的盛大宴会为特色。 [要点突破] ①A feature(s) B　A以B为特色 ②feature in起重要作用；占重要地位 ③a feature of ... ……的一个特色 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals” made of glass and aluminium. 该设计以十个由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”为特色。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①One of the features of modern banking is its dependence on computers. ②Olive oil and garlic feature prominently in his recipes. ③这家商店以24小时服务为特色。 The shop features_24­hour_service． 8 decorate vt.装饰；装潢 Today，in some European countries，people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit，and get together to celebrate over a meal. 如今，在一些欧洲国家，人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅，聚在一起共享大餐，以示庆祝。 [要点突破] ①decorate ...with ...用……装饰…… be decorated with被……装饰着 ②decoration n．装饰；装饰品 [写作佳句] The children decorated their classroom with fresh flowers. 孩子们用鲜花装饰他们的教室。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①She picked a large bunch of flowers for table decoration(decorate). ②He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures. ③新年即将到来，教室里装饰着气球和鲜花。 The New Year is drawing near and the classrooms are_decorated_with balloons and flowers. 9 significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的 Customs play a significant role in festivals，but sometimes they can change over time. 习俗在节日中扮演着重要角色，但有时也会随时间变迁而变化。 [要点突破] ①It is significant that ... ……很重要。 be very significant＝be of great significance有重大意义 ②significance n．重要性；意义 attach (great/little) significance/importance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事(很/几乎不)重要 ③significantly adv.有重大意义地；明显地；显著地；意味深长地 [写作佳句] Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant/is of great significance for his/her students. 老师的及时鼓励对学生很重要。 常见的“be＋of＋抽象名词”短语： ①be of significance＝be significant ②be of importance＝be important ③be of value＝be valuable ④be of help＝be helpful ⑤be of use＝be useful [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写 ①It is significant(significance) that children should not tell lies. ②Eating a good diet can significantly(significant) lessen the risk of heart disease. ③The topic of my speech is the significance(significant) of reading. ④Your success today may be very significant for your future. →Your success today may be_of_great_significance_for your future. 10 take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 随着商家利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)，节日正变得越来越商业化。 [要点突破] advantages and disadvantages利与弊 have an advantage over比……有优势 be at an advantage处于优势 to one's advantage/disadvantage对某人有利/不利 [写作佳句] (2024·北京卷)Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? 两种风格之间是否有明显的优劣之分？ 其他表示“利用”的短语： ①make good/full/little use of好好/充分/不充分利用 ②make the best/most of充分利用 [学以致用] 单句填空/句式升级 ①Young workers tend to be at an advantage when applying for jobs. ②I am going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. ③His height gives him an advantage over the other players. ④I have an advantage over my classmates in maths，so I am confident of answering questions in class. →Having_an_advantage_over_my_classmates_in_maths，I am confident of answering questions in class.(分词作状语) 11 occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会；场合；时刻 They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while. 节日是让我们放松心情、享受生活、暂时忘却工作的时刻。 [要点突破] ①on this/that occasion在这种/那种场合 on occasion偶尔，有时 on no occasion在任何场合都不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) ②occasional adj.偶尔的；偶然的 ③occasionally adv.有时候；偶尔 [写作佳句] It is a great honor for me to speak here on such a significant occasion. 我很荣幸能在这样一个重要的场合发言。 ①当occasion表示“机会；时间”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用when。 ②当occasion表示“场合”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用where。 ③如果关系词代替occasion在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which。 [学以致用] 单句填空/句式升级 ①On this occasion，he got a chance to go backstage to meet the actors. ②He treated them seriously and，on occasion，entertained them hilariously. ③Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. ④This is not an occasion for laughter，where you must take things seriously. ⑤You should never try to cheat others on any occasion! →On_no_occasion_should_you try to cheat others！(部分倒装) 1 “no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，无论节日看起来多么不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。 [情境探究] ①Whenever/No matter when you need help，I hope you can get in touch with me. 无论你何时需要帮助，我希望你可以联系我。 ②Remember you are a Chinese wherever/no matter where you go. 不论你去哪里，都要记住你是一个中国人。 ③Whatever and whichever you like，there is a theme park for you! 不管你喜欢什么，无论你喜欢哪一种，都有一个适合你的主题公园！ [要点突破] ①no matter how意为“不管多么，无论多么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however，此时however后接形容词或副词的原级，即“however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语”。 ②“疑问词＋­ever”类词有whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever、wherever、whenever、however，它们引导让步状语从句时，通常可以转换为“no matter＋疑问词”。 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写 ①No matter who breaks the law，he/she must be punished. ②Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. ③No matter how carefully you plan your finances，no one can predict when the unexpected will happen. ④No matter what difficulties we meet，we'll never change our mind. →Whatever_difficulties_we_meet，we'll never change our mind. 2 make＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语 Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多的钱购买礼物。 [情境探究] ①The non­stop communication made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. 这种不间断的交流让英国人和美国人相互理解起来变得更容易。 ②The teacher has made it clear that everyone should obey the school rules. 老师已经说得很清楚，每个人都要遵守校规。 ③He considered/thought it his duty to improve the workers' living conditions. 他认为改善工人的居住条件是他的责任。 [要点突破] “make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”结构中的it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 (1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 make＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式 make＋it＋no good/no use/no value/...＋doing sth. (2)常用于这种句型的动词还有think、consider、find、feel等。 (3) “v.＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”结构可总结为“6123 结构”： ①6指常用的动词think、believe、make、find、consider、feel； ②1指形式宾语 it； ③2指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词和名词； ④3指真正的宾语的三种常见形式：动词不定式、动名词(宾语补足语是no good、no use等)和从句。 I find it important to learn English. 我发现学习英语是重要的。 I find it no use arguing with him about this issue. 我发现和他争论这个问题没有用。 I find it a necessity that we should have a good command of English. 我发现我们熟练掌握英语是有必要的。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He made it a rule to take part in physical labour. ②We think it no good reading(read) lying in bed. ③This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to_develop(develop). ④你在从事志愿者工作方面有丰富的经验，所以我认为你申请这个职位是一个好主意。 You have much experience in voluntary work so that I think_it_a_good_idea_for_you_ to_apply_for the position. [课时梯级训练(一)见P121] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$