专题02 阅读理解【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题02：阅读理解（考题猜想） 题组01：经典基础题 Passage 01 （23-24高二下·河北衡水·期中）Cleanliness may be next to godliness, but a new study suggests it could have an unexpected downside: A few minutes of floor cleaning indoors with a fresh-scented cleaning product can generate as many airborne particles (微粒) as vehicles on a busy city street, because these products contain chemicals that react with ozone (臭氧) in the air to form harmful small particles. “I was absolutely amazed that floor cleaning produced potentially harmful particles at similar rates to those generated by traffic on a busy street,” says Nicola Carslaw of the University of York who was not involved with the study. “There is a lot of particle formation during these cleaning events, even under conditions that we would consider very normal.” Previous studies found cleaning products can generate such pollution. But not all of these experiments were realistic or detailed. The new study was designed to reveal, minute by minute, what happens with airborne-reactions during a typical floor cleaning. Researchers brought their lab instruments into a room with an air volume of 50 cubic meters. In the morning, they cleaned the floor for 12 to 14 minutes with a terpene-based (含有萜烯成分的) cleaner. Then, they used the most advanced instruments to monitor the reactions over the next 90 minutes. “This is the first study that really looked at the entire chemical process under realistic indoor conditions,” says researcher Philip Stevens. What about opening windows? It can also be a double-edged sword, researchers say. Ventilation (通风) removes particles, but it can also bring in more dangerous ozone from outdoors. Keeping ozone levels below one part per billion — either by reducing ventilation or using activated carbon air filters (活性炭空气过滤器) — would help, the researchers say. So would cleaning in the morning or evening, when ozone levels tend to be lower, and avoiding products with terpenes. Portable air filters can also reduce the concentration of particles inside rooms, says another researcher Brandon Boor. The larger problem, Boor says, is the lack of rules for the design and operation of buildings — and the use of various common chemicals inside them — with respect to air quality. “We need to pay closer attention to what’s going on in indoor environments.” 1．What surprised Nicola Carslaw? A．Cleaning can create air pollution that matches city street pollution. B．Particle formation during cleaning events is considered normal. C．The air in homes cannot be purified by cleaning products. D．Cleaning products contain ozone gas. 2．What can be learned about the new study? A．It was inspired by previous studies. B．It was conducted in a real room. C．It lasted longer than previous studies. D．It raised people’s concerns about indoor air quality. 3．What is a way to reduce harmful particles indoors? A．Keeping plants indoors. B．Keeping doors open while cleaning. C．Cleaning at the beginning of the day. D．Cutting down the frequency of cleaning. 4．What should people do according to Brandon Boor in the last paragraph? A．Reduce cleaning products' chemical ingredients. B．Monitor the construction of tall buildings. C．Improve the living environment. D．Focus more on indoor air quality. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者传递了关于室内清洁活动可能产生的空气质量问题和相关建议的信息。它旨在提高公众对室内空气质量及其潜在影响的认识，并鼓励采取相应措施来改善室内环境。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段““I was absolutely amazed that floor cleaning produced potentially harmful particles at similar rates to those generated by traffic on a busy street,” says Nicola Carslaw of the University of York who was not involved with the study.(没有参与这项研究的约克大学的Nicola Carslaw说：“我非常惊讶地发现，地板清洁产生的潜在有害颗粒与繁忙街道上交通产生的颗粒相似。”)”可知，Nicola Carslaw惊讶的是地板清洁产生的潜在有害微粒数量与繁忙街道上交通产生的微粒数量相似。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Researchers brought their lab instruments into a room with an air volume of 50 cubic meters. In the morning, they cleaned the floor for 12 to 14 minutes with a terpene-based (含有萜烯成分的) cleaner.(研究人员把他们的实验室仪器带到一个空气容量为50立方米的房间里。早上，他们用含有萜烯成分的清洁剂清洁了12到14分钟的地板。)”可知，研究人员将实验室仪器带入了一个50立方米的房间进行实验，因此可以得知这项新研究是在一个真实的房间中进行的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Keeping ozone levels below one part per billion — either by reducing ventilation or using activated carbon air filters (活性炭空气过滤器) — would help, the researchers say. So would cleaning in the morning or evening, when ozone levels tend to be lower, and avoiding products with terpenes.(研究人员说，将臭氧水平控制在十亿分之一以下——要么通过减少通风，要么使用活性炭空气过滤器——将有所帮助。在臭氧水平较低的早晨或晚上清洁也是如此，并避免使用含有萜烯的产品。)”可知，在早上或晚上臭氧水平较低时进行清洁是减少室内有害微粒的一种方法。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The larger problem, Boor says, is the lack of rules for the design and operation of buildings —and the use of various common chemicals inside them— with respect to air quality. “We need to pay closer attention to what's going on in indoor environments.”(Boor说，更大的问题是，在空气质量方面，缺乏对建筑物设计和运行的规定，以及在建筑物内使用各种常见化学物质的规定。“我们需要更密切地关注室内环境中发生的事情。”)”可知，Boor强调了对室内空气质量给予更多关注的重要性。因此，根据Brandon Boor的观点，人们应该更加关注室内空气质量。故选D。 Passage 02 （23-24高二下·四川内江·期中）When I was a little boy growing up, my Mom, Dad, brothers and I lived in my Nana’s old house. It was surrounded by four huge vegetable gardens. And around the house so many flowers were planted. It was so beautiful there in the spring and summer. That wasn’t all, though. On the back porch(门廊) Nana had dozens of potted plants hanging on hooks. She watered them, talked to them and grew them. And in the winter she would carry them all inside and set them on shelves near the windows of our enclosed front porch. There with a little water and a lot of love she kept them alive, green, and growing even during the coldest, darkest months. As a boy I was puzzled by all the effort she put into them. I understood the vegetable gardens. They helped to feed the family all winter long. I even understood the flowers around the house. They were pretty and smelled so sweet in the summer months. The reason she put so much effort into caring for those potted plants, however, eluded me. They didn’t give us any food and they rarely had any flowers on them. They remained a mystery to my child’s mind. Now as I’ve grown older I am beginning to understand why my Nana had those potted plants. It is the same reason I have so many pictures of sunrises and forests hanging in my home. They remind me during the dark, cold, winter months full of bare trees and yellow grass that light, love, and growth still exist. They remind me that Spring will come again. They remind me that God loves us and is still with us even when the earth doesn’t show it. Today I see Nana’s potted plants in a new light. They are worth every bit of the love and care she put into them. But what tells me most about light and love is Nana herself. She is light to my soul even in my darkest times. And her love lives on in my heart even if she is in Heaven. May we all learn to love as she loved, shine as she shined, and live as she lived. 1．Which of the following is close in meaning to the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 2? A．Upset. B．Misguided. C．Confused. D．Excited. 2．Why was Nana fond of potted plants? A．They were a sign of hope. B．They looked like sunrise and forests. C．They constantly kept Nana company. D．They were movable and easy to grow. 3．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advocate growing potted plants. B．To sing the praise of Nana’s spirit and love. C．To stress the benefits of a positive lifestyle. D．To recall beautiful memories spent with Nana. 4．What’s the type of the passage? A．A non-fiction. B．A book review. C．An agricultural leaflet. D．A celebrity biography. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候不理解奶奶为什么喜欢盆栽，随着年龄的增长，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“The reason she put so much effort into caring for those potted plants, however, eluded me. (然而，她花这么多精力照顾那些盆栽植物的原因，却eluded我。)”和划线词后文“They didn’t give us any food and they rarely had any flowers on them. They remained a mystery to my child’s mind. (它们没有给我们任何食物，而且它们也很少开花。它们对我孩子来说仍然是个谜。)”可知，作者对于Nana费心照顾这些盆栽感到困惑，因为作者认为它们没有贡献任何食物，而且也很少开花。故划线词意思是“使困惑”，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Now as I’ve grown older I am beginning to understand why my Nana had those potted plants. It is the same reason I have so many pictures of sunrises and forests hanging in my home. They remind me during the dark, cold, winter months full of bare trees and yellow grass that light, love, and growth still exist. They remind me that Spring will come again. They remind me that God loves us and is still with us even when the earth doesn’t show it. (现在，随着年龄的增长，我开始明白为什么我的祖母会有那些盆栽。这和我家里挂了那么多日出和森林的照片的原因是一样的。它们提醒我，在光秃秃的树木和黄草丛生的黑暗、寒冷的冬天，光、爱和生长仍然存在。它们提醒我春天还会再来。它们提醒我，上帝爱我们，即使在地球上没有表现出来的时候，上帝仍然与我们同在。)”可知，Nana喜欢盆栽是因为它们是希望的象征。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today I see Nana’s potted plants in a new light. They are worth every bit of the love and care she put into them. But what tells me most about light and love is Nana herself. She is light to my soul even in my darkest times. And her love lives on in my heart even if she is in Heaven. May we all learn to love as she loved, shine as she shined, and live as she lived. (今天，我以新的眼光看待奶奶的盆栽。它们值得她付出的每一点爱和关心。但最能告诉我关于光和爱的是奶奶自己。即使在我最黑暗的时候，她也是我灵魂的光。即使她身在天堂，她的爱仍在我心中。愿我们都能学会像她那样去爱，像她那样闪耀，像她那样生活。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是歌颂奶奶的精神和爱。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today I see Nana’s potted plants in a new light. They are worth every bit of the love and care she put into them. But what tells me most about light and love is Nana herself. She is light to my soul even in my darkest times. And her love lives on in my heart even if she is in Heaven. May we all learn to love as she loved, shine as she shined, and live as she lived. (今天，我以新的眼光看待奶奶的盆栽。它们值得她付出的每一点爱和关心。但最能告诉我关于光和爱的是奶奶自己。即使在我最黑暗的时候，她也是我灵魂的光。即使她身在天堂，她的爱仍在我心中。愿我们都能学会像她那样去爱，像她那样闪耀，像她那样生活。)”以及文章主要讲述了作者小时候不理解奶奶为什么喜欢盆栽，随着年龄的增长，作者明白了盆栽是希望的象征。可推知，这篇文章是一篇关于奶奶的纪实文学作品。故选A。 Passage 03 （22-23高二下·广西柳州·期中）A case highlights a little-known fact about a poor diet: aside from being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine. A teen who ate nothing but fries, chips and other junk food for years slowly went blind. The teen’s problems began at age 14, when he went to the doctor’s office complaining of tiredness. The teen was reportedly a picky eater, and blood tests showed he had low levels of vitamin B12. He was treated with injections of vitamin B12 along with advice on how to improve his diet. However, by age 15, he developed hearing loss and vision problems, but doctors couldn’t seem to find the cause—results from an MRI and eye exam were normal. Over the next two years, the teen’s vision got progressively worse. When the boy was 17, an eye test showed that his vision was 20/200 in both eyes, the threshold (起始点) for being “legally blind” in the United States. Further tests showed the teen had developed damage to the optic nerve (视神经). Furthermore, the teen still had low levels of vitamin B12, along with low levels of selenium (硒) and vitamin D．These deficiencies caused doctors to ask the teen about the foods he ate. “The patient admitted that, since elementary school, the only things he ate had been fries, chips, white bread, processed ham slices and sausage,” the authors from the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom wrote in the report. This kind of vision loss is potentially reversible (可逆的) if caught early. However, by the time the teen was diagnosed, his vision loss was permanent. “What’s more, wearing glasses would not help the teen’s vision, because damage to the optic nerve cannot be corrected with lenses,” said the study lead author Dr. Denize Atan. 1．Why did the teen’s condition get worse? A．His illness couldn’t be treated. B．He kept having a poor diet. C．Vitamin B12 didn’t work on him. D．Tiredness caused damage to his nerves. 2．Which of the following may not be the bad effect caused by poor diet? A．Obesity. B．Cancer. C．Poor eyesight. D．Blood disease. 3．What can be inferred about the teen? A．His optic nerve will be recovered. B．His problems will be solved well. C．He is advised to take in more nutrition. D．His vision can’t be improved by wearing glasses. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A poor diet can cause poor vision. B．Vitamin B12 is important to vision. C．Unhealthy food causes many diseases. D．Doctors’ advice is helpful to people. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章通过一个案例强调了不良饮食习惯可能对神经系统，尤其是视力造成的永久性损害。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A teen who ate nothing but fries, chips and other junk food for years slowly went blind. (一个多年来只吃薯条、薯片和其他垃圾食品的青少年逐渐失明了。)”以及第三段“Over the next two years, the teen’s vision got progressively worse. (在接下来的两年里，这个青少年的视力逐渐恶化。)”，说明他的病情恶化是因为他继续维持不良的饮食习惯。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“a poor diet: aside from being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision (不良的饮食习惯：除了与肥胖、心脏病和癌症有关外，它们还可能永久性地损害神经系统，特别是视力)”可知，选项D中的Blood disease (血液病) 在文中并未提及为不良饮食习惯的直接后果。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What’s more, wearing glasses would not help the teen’s vision, because damage to the optic nerve cannot be corrected with lenses (此外，戴眼镜也无法帮助这位青少年改善视力，因为视神经的损伤无法通过镜片来矫正。)”可知，这位青少年的视力损失是永久性的，并且戴眼镜也不会帮助这个青少年的视力。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A case highlights a little-known fact about a poor diet: aside from being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine. (一个案例突显了一个关于不良饮食鲜为人知的事实：根据发表在《内科学年鉴》杂志上的一篇报告，不良饮食不仅与肥胖、心脏病和癌症有关，还可能永久性地损害神经系统，特别是视力。)”以及全文可知，文章讨论了不良饮食习惯可能导致视力问题。故选A项。 Passage 04 （22-23高二下·陕西·期中）Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts. Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the US, says that many middle- class professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure (休闲) time than they have ever experienced. Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent. “We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task," said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering. “Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before it’s upon us: If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do? “The question I want to put forward is, ‘ Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind?” Prof Vardi, said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middle- class jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing. But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind. “A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue (追求) leisure activities,” he said. “I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure- only life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human well- being. “Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life. “We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date. “What’s different this time is computer scientists are working on building machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do?” 1．What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs? A．They will be more challenging. B．Most will disappear completely. C．Most will be replaced by robots. D．They will require higher degrees. 2．What is Prof Vardi concerned about? A．The rapid population growth. B．The fast development of robots. C．Whether robots will rule humans. D．Whether robots will do good to humans. 3．How does Prof Vardi find leisure- only life? A．Ideal. B．Undesirable. C．Carefree. D．Interesting. 4．What will humans face in the next few decades? A．Labor shortage. B．Production surplus. C．Fierce competition. D．Lack of life purposes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。专家警示，30年内机器人将接管大部分工作。 1．细节理解题。从第一段“Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its 'biggest challenge ever' to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts.（据专家称，机器人将在30年内接管大部分工作，使人类面临其“有史以来最大的挑战”，即工作不再是必须的。）”可知，Vardi教授认为未来人类的大部分工作将被机器人取代。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第八段的“But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.（但是Vardi教授并不确定一个人类化的机器人劳动力对人类是有利的。）”可知，Vardi教授关心的是机器人是否会对人类有益。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。从倒数第四段的“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure-only life appealing.（我不认为这是一个有前途的未来，因为我并不觉得只有休闲的生活方式吸引人。）”可知，Vardi教授认为只有休闲的生活是不可取的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life(人类即将面临有史以来最大的挑战，那就是在生活中寻找意义。)”以及最后一段的“If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do?（如果机器可以完成我们过去做的所有工作，甚至50%的工作，人们会做什么？)”可知，未来几十年人类将面临的挑战是生活目的的缺失。故选D项。 Passage 05 （22-23高二下·四川眉山·期中）In my work as a therapist (心理治疗师), it’s common for me to ask the brave individuals I work with to try something that may feel unfamiliar, challenging or awkward. It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it. In other words, I welcome “no” just as much as I welcome “yes” . That’s something worth repeating, because, let’s be honest here, it can be hard to set a boundary — really hard. I’ll bet it wouldn’t take much time to search through your memory bank to know exactly what I mean. Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions. A team of researchers explored an element behind why we find it difficult to say that healthy, important, two-letter word. Across a series of experiments, they found one reason is that we exaggerate the negative effects that will arise. For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad. Why do we make this incorrect calculation? The investigators referred to previous research indicating that when we’re trying to avoid an unwanted situation (e.g., a friend’s judgment on us after we say “no”), we tend to increase the possibility of its occurring. The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect. If we can remind ourselves that the consequences of setting a boundary likely won’t be as bad as we imagine, we might feel more able to try saying “no” at times, which could feel unfamiliar, challenging, or awkward, but ultimately better. 1．Why does the author welcome others’ refusal? A．She supports the boundaries between people. B．She has much knowledge of psychology. C．She has a lot of social experience. D．She is a brave and sensitive person. 2．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2? A．Making a summary. B．Explaining a theory. C．Providing examples. D．Drawing comparisons. 3．What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Ignore. B．Overstate. C．Avoid. D．Lower. 4．How can the incorrect calculation influence relationships? A．It is double-edged for relationships. B．It is helpful to begin a relationship. C．It puts people in a weak position in relationships. D．It stops people from saying “yes” in relationships. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们在设置个人界限（即说“不”）时面临的困难，以及这种困难背后的原因和如何克服它。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it.(对我来说，支持人们的独立和界限也很重要。本着这种精神，我既欢迎他们拒绝尝试，也赞赏他们同意尝试)”可知，作者欢迎别人的拒绝是因为她支持人与人之间的界限。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions.(也许是朋友让你帮个忙，一件你不想做但又无法让自己说“不”的事。或者可能是当老板或同事要求安排第二天的工作会议时，你说“当然”，尽管你私下里希望他们没有问。十有八九，你可以想出几个例子)”可知，第二段作者提供了一些例子来说明设定界限的困难，因此作者在第二段的重点是举例子。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad.(例如，我们可能会担心向我们要东西的人会感到不安，会评判我们，会向别人抱怨我们，或者在我们需要的时候不支持我们。或者，我们可能会担心这段关系会受到影响。但事实上，事情并没有那么糟糕)”可知，我们夸大了即将出现的负面影响，划线词exaggerate的意思是“夸大”，和overstate意思相近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect.(好处是，这可以帮助我们避免这种情况。研究小组还指出，夸大他人对我们的界限产生问题反应的可能性也有负面影响，比如说“是”的次数超过了我们需要或想要的次数，这也可能不利于我们试图保护的关系)”可知，不正确的计算对人际关系来说是一把双刃剑。故选A。 Passage 06 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）Olympic Games organizers in France presented the 2024 Olympic torch (火炬) that will light the Summer Games in the country a year from now. In the Olympic torch tradition, many people carry the torch in turn from Greece to the current location of the Games. After it has traveled thousands of kilometers. The torch will light the Olympic cauldron (火炬台) at the Opening Ceremony of the next Olympic Games. French designer Mathieu Lehanneur created the torch, which is 70 centimeters long and made of lightweight steel. Lehanneur said its shape is inspired by the famous Seine River, which flows through Paris. He said the torch is equal from top to bottom and all around the middle, which stands for equality between athletes. The twisting shape of the torch represents peace. The torch was made with lightweight steel. Its lower half copies the movement of the Seine, along which the opening ceremony will take place for over 500,000 viewers. Lehanneur said he wants the torch to represent the kind of event that Paris 2024 hopes to be. “I wanted to move away from the torch appearing as an object of conquest (征服), ” Lehanneur said. He also told reporters that designing the torch was much more technical than he thought it would be. “The magic is not the torch itself, but the flame,” Lehanneur said. The torch will be lit up in Olympia, Greece on April 16,2024, followed by a nine-day torch relay before sailing across the Mediterranean Sea from Athens to Marseille in France on May 8. It will then pass through several important laces, which include Strasbourg, the Pantheon in Paris, the Mont Saint-Michel and multiple French territories. Tony Estanguet, the Paris 2024 chief, said that the torch is very, very beautiful. He also said, “It is very pure. It’s perfectly balanced in the hand.” 1．Why is the torch equal from top to bottom? A．It is easy for torch-bearers to carry. B．It is the symbol of the Seine River. C．It shows equality between players. D．It represents peace among nations. 2．What can be inferred from Lehanneur’s words? A．He wishes Paris 2024 to be the best ever. B．The torch is more important than the flame. C．He thinks highly of the torch’s appearance. D．Designing the torch is harder than he thinks. 3．How long will it take the torch to travel from Greece to France? A．Fifteen days. B．Twenty two days. C．Nine days. D．Eight days. 4．What is Tony Estanguet’s attitude to the torch? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了2024年巴黎夏季奥运会火炬的设计理念及其传递计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He said the torch is equal from top to bottom and all around the middle, which stands for equality between athletes.(他说，火炬从顶部到底部以及中部周围都是等同的，这代表运动员之间的平等)”可知，火炬从上到下相等，代表运动员之间的平等。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“He also told reporters that designing the torch was much more technical than he thought it would be. (他还告诉记者，设计火炬比他想象的要技术性得多)”可知，设计火炬比他想象的要复杂得多，因此可以推断出设计火炬比他想象的要难。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The torch will be lit up in Olympia, Greece on April 16, 2024, followed by a nine-day torch relay before sailing across the Mediterranean Sea from Athens to Marseille in France on May 8.( 火炬将于2024年4月16日在希腊奥林匹亚点燃，随后进行为期九天的火炬传递活动，然后于5月8日从雅典出发，跨越地中海抵达法国马赛)”可知，火炬将于2024年4月16日在希腊奥林匹亚点燃，然后进行为期9天的火炬接力，于5月8日从雅典穿越地中海抵达法国马赛。因此，火炬从希腊到法国的旅程将耗时22天。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tony Estanguet, the Paris 2024 chief, said that the torch is very, very beautiful. He also said, “It is very pure. It’s perfectly balanced in the hand.”(2024年巴黎奥运会的负责人托尼·埃斯坦盖表示，火炬非常、非常漂亮。他还说：“它非常纯净。握在手中感觉非常平衡。”)”可知，巴黎2024年奥运会负责人Tony Estanguet认为火炬非常美丽，非常纯净，手感完美平衡。因此，他对火炬的态度是肯定的。故选A项。 Passage 07 （23-24高二下·陕西宝鸡·期末）One week after I started working in Beijing, I decided to visit a place of interest called the Summer Palace. Before setting off, I researched it on the Internet. The Summer Palace is composed mostly of a lake, but it’s surrounded by beautiful greenery and a walkway that circles the lake. It is recommended that you give the Summer Palace about three hours. If you try to walk around it, it could take five or six hours. With that knowledge of it, I set off. The highlight of the tour had to be the view from the Tower of Buddhist Incense. It sits on the top of a large hill overlooking the lake and is worth a climb. It was built as a place to worship the Buddha. And in the Summer Palace, unlike in most of other places, photography isn’t allowed in most of the buildings. Pictures of most of the Buddhas and the other artifacts are off⁃limits for photographers. Another highlight was seeing the stage created for the Dowager Empress where she watched operas and other theater items. There are box seats that surround the stage and it was the largest stage created in Imperial China. You could almost imagine royalty reviewing the actors from the boxes and the stage. I do recommend taking a boat ride if you go, which takes you from one side of the lake to the other side where you can see another set of buildings. And it is fun. You can also rent an electric boat or paddleboat if you want. But since it was just me, I went aboard one of the biggest boats with other people. I spent another four hours wandering around the Summer Palace. But I didn’t see all of it because it was getting dark. How I wish I could visit it again. 5．What did the author do before setting off for the Summer Palace? A．Asked others about it. B．Learned something about it. C．Spent three hours researching it. D．Rented a boat. 6．What does the underlined word “off⁃limits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Forbidden. B．Allowed. C．Charged. D．Limited. 7．What do we know about the stage mentioned in the text? A．It sits on the top of a hill. B．It is the largest stage all over China. C．It was for royalty to watch performances. D．Operas are performed there at times. 8．Which of the following correctly describes the author’s tour? A．She took a boat by herself. B．She spent four hours in the Summer Palace. C．She didn’t enjoy the trip because it was too late. D．She only toured part of the Summer Palace. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者游玩北京颐和园的经历，事先了解了信息，然后参观了必看的佛香阁、德和园戏台，并乘船欣赏了昆明湖。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Before setting off, I researched it on the Internet.”（出发前，我在网上查了一下。）可知，作者在出发前上网了解了一些颐和园的情况。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“And in the Summer Palace, unlike in most of other places, photography isn’t allowed in most of the buildings. Pictures of most of the Buddhas and the other artifacts are off⁃limits for photographers.”（不像其他地方，在颐和园大多数建筑都不允许拍照。大多数佛像和其他文物的照片都是摄影师的off⁃limits。）可知，颐和园的大多数建筑不允许拍照，由此推知，位于建筑中的佛像和手工艺品大多也禁止拍照，因此off-limits与forbidden意思相近。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another highlight was seeing the stage created for the Dowager Empress where she watched operas and other theater items.”（另一个亮点是看到了为慈禧太后创造的戏台，她在那里观看戏曲和其他剧场节目。）可知，戏台是给皇室看戏剧等演出的。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But I didn’t see all of it because it was getting dark. How I wish I could visit it again.”（但我没有全部看完，因为天黑了。我多么希望能再去一次。）可知，因为天快黑了，作者没能欣赏到颐和园的全部景观，只参观了颐和园的一部分。故选D。 Passage 08 （23-24高二下·吉林四平·期中）As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us. Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin (鳍) soup is no longer cool. The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝) — up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to reverse the trend (趋势), particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu. In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins. Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing sea life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury (奢侈的) goods has become a war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. 9．Why do people begin to make efforts to protect the declining number of sharks? A．Sharks are friends of humans. B．Sharks don’t attack people any more. C．We need sharks to keep a balanced ecosystem. D．We can’t enjoy the summer ocean waves without sharks. 10．What’s the main reason for killing sharks? A．Just for fun. B．Just for their fins. C．For their delicious meat. D．For the restaurants’ development. 11．Who helped California decide to ban the sale and possession of shark fin soup? A．Wild Aid and other organizations. B．Jackie Chan. C．Ang Lee. D．Steven Spielberg. 12．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks. B．Demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. C．Products coming from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos. D．The global movement to protect wildlife and stop the trade of wildlife products. 【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是人们意识到了鲨鱼对于保持生态平衡的重要性，并开始采取行动保护日益减少的鲨鱼，同时也分析了鲨鱼数量减少的原因，并呼吁人们减少对野生动物产品的需求来减少对野生动物的猎杀。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem.(然而，我们很高兴看到全球都在努力保护数量不断减少的鲨鱼。世界已经意识到我们需要像鲨鱼这样的物种来保持生态系统的平衡)”可知，人们开始努力保护数量下降的鲨鱼是因为我们需要鲨鱼来维持生态系统的平衡。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝)—up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins.(几十年来，对鱼翅的需求一直在上升，鲨鱼面临灭绝的威胁——每年有多达1亿只鲨鱼因鱼翅而被杀死)”可知，人们对鱼翅的需求在日益增长，所以猎杀鲨鱼主要是为了得到鱼翅。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段“In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations.(在加州，通过野生救援组织和其他组织的努力，一项禁止销售和持有鱼翅汤的禁令今年已经生效)”可知，野生救援组织和其他组织帮助加州决定禁止销售和持有鱼翅汤。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing sea life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury (奢侈的) goods has become a war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals.(实际上，停止捕杀鲨鱼是一项更广泛的运动的一部分，该运动旨在阻止捕杀野生动物和买卖野生动物产品。这些产品来自于猎杀大象、老虎和犀牛，以及杀害海洋生物。无论是鱼翅汤还是象牙琴键，杀害动物都是一笔大生意。猎杀大象以获取象牙作为奢侈品已经变成了一场战争。非洲象数量的减少令人担忧。美国正与国际合作伙伴一道，带头在全球范围内减少对依赖于屠宰动物的高端产品的需求)”可知，最后一段的主要内容是保护野生动物和停止野生动物产品贸易的全球运动。故选D。 Passage 09 （23-24高二下·辽宁鞍山·期中）The days of having to remember your ID could soon be a thing of the past. The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. The technology is thought to be up to 99. 77 percent accurate and able to distinguish people better than a human. Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. Baidu, a web firm often referred to as “Chinese Google”, created the system. When people now check in to their accommodation, they will have their photo taken and uploaded to a central database upon leaving and re-entering the town, the system will re-check that they are still a guest at a hotel, before allowing them back in. The technology is being used to track the 5,000 visitors that stay in the town’s hotels every day. Yuan Qing lin, director of the Institute of deep Learning at Baidu, told The Verge, “With our technology, you don’t need to give your ID．When you are approaching a gate, it will take a photo of you and compare that photo to the database.” Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying. Baidu’s system is based on neural networks, which can process huge amounts of data-more than one billion faces. As well as recognizing faces, the system can discover facial movements, so it can’t be fooled by holding a mask. Baidu is also using the software for employee entry at its Beijing headquarters. 13．What can be learned about the facial recognition technology from the passage? A．The technology could soon be a thing of the past. B．The technology can match visitor’s faces with those in the database. C．The technology can be over 99.77% accurate. D．The technology is being used to track where the 5000 visitors are going. 14．Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “stunning” in paragraph 2? A．humorous B．awkward C．attractive D．funny 15．Why has Wuzhen quit using ticket-entry system? A．Because the tickets were too expensive. B．Because some people shared their tickets to avoid paying. C．Because the tickets didn’t sell well. D．Because the system can be fooled by someone without a mask. 16．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese tourist town Wuzhen is using facial recognition. B．Baidu, a web company, is using the recognition system. C．Facial recognition is widely used in China. D．Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with many visitors going there to see the system. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国旅游城市乌镇已经采取了人脸识别系统以代替过去的身份证识别。文章主要介绍了该系统的实施给乌镇带来的好处，和该系统的运行原理。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and check these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. (该系统使用摄像头注意到人们接近入口，并在几秒钟内将这些数据与注册访问者的数据库进行比对。)”可知，该系统使用摄像机在接近入口处获取访客的信息，并在几秒钟内对照注册访客数据库对其进行检查。也就是说，该技术能与数据库中的访客信息进行匹配。故选B。 14．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. (乌镇是一个受欢迎的旅游城市，游客大量前往参观其stunning的河流系统和博物馆。)”可知乌镇是一个人们喜爱的旅游城市，游客去哪里肯定是去欣赏乌镇的美丽的水和迷人的博物馆。所以划线词的意思是“迷人的”。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying.”(乌镇曾经使用门票系统来监控游客，但这很容易被滥用。人们发现，有些人为了不付钱而共用门票。) 可知，乌镇之所以停止使用票务入场系统，是因为有些人共用一张票以避免付钱。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. (中国著名的旅游城市乌镇，现在正在使用面部识别技术作为进入景点大门的通行证。该系统使用摄像头注意到人们接近入口，并在几秒钟内将这些数据与注册访问者的数据库进行比对。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是乌镇使用人脸识别系统代替身份证识别，以及与以前的识别方式进行对比，该系统的实施给乌镇带来的好处，和该系统的运行原理。A项“中国旅游城市乌镇正在使用人脸识别。”符合文章大意。故选A。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·吉林·期中）To produce the classic clothing, blue jeans, producers rely on indigo dye (靛蓝染料), the only molecule known to provide jeans’ unique, beloved color. While indigo itself naturally comes from a plant, growing demand for blue jeans throughout the 20th century gave rise to synthetic (合成的) indigo, which is now more commonly used. Indigo is the dye that makes jeans blue, but it doesn’t mix with water. To dye clothes, usually, chemicals are needed to make the color stick to the cloth. But in Denmark, scientists have created a new way to dye clothes using an enzyme (酶), which is a kind of protein that can cause chemical reactions, instead of harmful chemicals. This new method is better for the environment and doesn’t use poisonous stuff. The chemical process for dyeing blue jeans has persisted for the last century. Workers are exposed to the poisonous chemicals, which also pollute the environment near factories. Waste water from those factories often ends up in waterways, damaging local ecosystems and even dyeing rivers blue. Ditte Hededam Welner, the study’s lead researcher, says their new enzyme works really well and is strong enough for making lots of jeans without breaking down. This enzyme makes dyeing with indican, which is like indigo, much less harmful to the planet — about 92% better than the old way. However, the new method doesn’t fix all the environmental problems of making jeans. Making a single pair of jeans uses a lot of water — enough to fill many bathtubs — from growing the cotton to putting the final touches on the jeans. Even though the new dyeing process is better for the environment, it’s not always easy or cheap to change to it. Welner’s team isn’t sure if jeans companies will find it easy or affordable to switch to this method. It costs a little bit more — just seven cents extra per pair of jeans — to use the enzyme for dyeing. But Welner believes it’s worth it because it’s much better for the environment. 17．Why was synthetic indigo created in the 20th century? A．It made jeans’ color unique. B．It was easy to dye cloth with it. C．People liked jeans made from it. D．People were in greater need of jeans. 18．Which is an advantage of the new method? A．The colour is more beautiful than the synthetic indigo. B．The market can keep stable goods supplies. C．The dye is more environmentally friendly. D．Enzyme facilitates the advance of science. 19．What makes Welner worried about the new method? A．Environmental benefits. B．Production costs. C．Water consumption. D．Laborer shortage. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Eco-Friendly Innovation: Enzyme Dyeing For Jeans B．Water Usage In Cotton And Jeans Manufacturing C．The History Of Indigo Dye In Jeans Production D．Challenges: New Styles Of Jeans 【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丹麦科学家发明的一种新的染色方法，该方法使用酶代替有害化学物质来染色，对环境更友好。尽管这种方法对环境更友好，但制作牛仔裤仍然存在大量耗水等问题。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While indigo itself naturally comes from a plant, growing demand for blue jeans throughout the 20th century gave rise to synthetic (合成的) indigo, which is now more commonly used.”（虽然靛蓝本身来自天然植物，但在整个20世纪，人们对蓝色牛仔裤的需求不断增长，于是现在更常使用的合成靛蓝应运而生）可知，20世纪，由于人们对牛仔裤的需求增加，才有了合成靛蓝。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“This enzyme makes dyeing with indican, which is like indigo, much less harmful to the planet — about 92% better than the old way.”（这种酶可以用类似靛蓝的籼稻染色，对地球的危害要小得多——比旧方法好92%左右）可知，新方法使用酶替代有害化学品染色，对环境更友好，减少了对地球的伤害。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Even though the new dyeing process is better for the environment, it’s not always easy or cheap to change to it. Welner’s team isn’t sure if jeans companies will find it easy or affordable to switch to this method. It costs a little bit more — just seven cents extra per pair of jeans — to use the enzyme for dyeing.”（尽管新的染色工艺对环境更好，但改变它并不总是容易或便宜的。Welner的团队不确定牛仔裤公司是否会觉得改用这种方法容易或负担得起。使用这种酶染色，每条牛仔裤要多花7美分）可知，新方法的成本略高，每条牛仔裤增加了7美分的成本，这使得Welner担心牛仔裤公司是否愿意或能够承担这种方法的成本。所以，Welner担心的是新方法的生产成本。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But in Denmark, scientists have created a new way to dye clothes using an enzyme (酶), which is a kind of protein that can cause chemical reactions, instead of harmful chemicals. This new method is better for the environment and doesn't use poisonous stuff.”（但在丹麦，科学家们发明了一种用酶而不是有害化学物质给衣服染色的新方法。酶是一种可以引起化学反应的蛋白质。这种新方法对环境更好，而且不使用有毒物质。）可知，文章主要介绍了丹麦科学家发明的一种新的染色方法，该方法使用酶代替有害化学物质来染色，对环境更友好。尽管这种方法对环境更友好，但制作牛仔裤仍然存在大量耗水等问题。所以短文的最佳标题为“环保创新：牛仔裤酶染色”。故选A。 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）Most of us would like to be more creative, but we assume there is little we can do about it. Psychology professor K. Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice, any of us can become experts. However, he is quick to add that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls “deliberate practice”, that is, pushing beyond one’s comfort zone and setting goals that are above one’s current level of performance. He says he has yet to find the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe them to be real. Ericsson has looked primarily at artistic and athletic skills, but can these findings apply to creativity? Most experts agree that even if most people cannot hope to become creative geniuses, they can learn to become more creative through practice. Psychologists claim that there are actually two levels of creativity, which they refer to as “Big C” and “small c”. “Big C” creativity applies to breakthrough ideas, ones that may change the course of a field or even history. “Small c” creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving, like creating a new recipe or improving a process, which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking. Similar thinking involves examining all the facts and arriving at a single solution. In contrast, different thinking involves coming up with many possible solutions. What most people think of as creativity generally involves different thinking and can be taught, practised and learnt. Even with practice, different thinking alone cannot make one creative, however. Scott Barry Kaufman, a cognitive psychologist, says that most creative people share one personality quality: openness to new experience. Since this quality and these processes have been identified, less creative people can try to emulate them. Normally, we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks and following the usual behaviors is comfortable. Moving outside of our comfort zone, engaging indeliberate practice and tolerating contradictory ideas, risk and failure are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so will transform any of us into creative geniuses, but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity. 21．What does Ericsson think of the limits of success? A．Success is determined by talent. B．Success has little to do with goals. C．There exist no restrictions to success. D．Success is only possible in some fields. 22．Which of the following is an example of “small c”? A．Settling in outer space. B．Building a plastic doghouse. C．Developing robots for medical treatment. D．Explaining the theory of evolution in class. 23．What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Defend. B．Limit. C．Assess. D．Copy. 24．What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A．We can learn to be more creative. B．Life is full of various challenges. C．It’s better to take deliberate practice. D．Most people can become creative geniuses. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过表述心理学教授K·安德斯·埃里克森和认知心理学家斯科特·巴里·考夫曼的说法表明，人们可以通过练习和学习提高自己的创造力水平。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“He says he has yet to find the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe them to be real.(他说他还没有找到成功的限制，他不相信这些限制是真的。)”可知，埃里克森认为成功不存在任何限制。故选C。 22．推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“‘Small c’ creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving, like creating a new recipe or improving a process, which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking.(小创造力指的是日常创造性地解决问题，比如创造一个新菜谱或改进一个过程，心理学家将其进一步细分为相似和不同的思维。)”可知，建造一个塑料狗窝是一个“small c”的例子。故选 B。 23．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Normally, we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks and following the usual behaviors is comfortable.(通常情况下，我们倾向于复制我们已经知道的东西，因为创造性想法会把我们带入一个充满风险的陌生领域，而遵循通常的行为是舒适的。)”可知，此处指缺乏创造力的人会尝试模仿，所以emulate意为“模仿”。故选 D。 24．推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Moving outside of our comfort zone, engaging indeliberate practice and tolerating contradictory ideas, risk and failure are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so will transform any of us into creative geniuses, but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity.(走出我们的舒适区，进行不经意的练习，容忍矛盾的想法、风险和失败，这些都是我们可以学会做得更好的事情。这样做不太可能把我们中的任何一个人变成有创造力的天才，但它确实有可能提高我们的创造力水平。)”可知，作者在文章中想要表达我们可以通过学习提升创造力的观念。故选 A。 Passage 12 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）Every afternoon for the past 11 years, 83-year-old AI Merritt has been a reliable and cheery presence in his southeast Carlsbad neighbourhood, California. His wife, Penny Merritt said her husband’s doctor suggested he get more exercise after he had some heart trouble about 12 years ago. When their son, Kevin brought a bike to his parents’ house, AI started to pedal around the local road and hills. At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and gradually the length of his outings grew due to all the social stops — from an hour to two hours. Since 2010, Merritt has been on a personal pursuit to cycle the circumference (周长) of the earth — 24,901 miles without even leaving his own neighbourhood. As a result, over the years, he got to know many of his neighbours and send them message of love and kindness. Judy Keene, one of his neighbours, has been waving to Merritt on his daily rides for the past five years. “He is so reliable, like clockwork. Every day I see him flying by on his bike. He is totally cheerful and takes time with everybody,” Keene said. “He inspires so many people and shows everyone how you can be in your 80s and still have a good time.” It was not until October 24 that the old man finally realized his daily bicycle trips were as important to them as they were to him. At 3 p.m. that Sunday afternoon, nearly 200 people gathered near his home to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his “round-the-world” adventure. As he pedaled down the hill towards his house, a roar erupted from the crowd waving international flags, hand-painted signs and Earth-shaped balloons. The outpouring of love stunned and overwhelmed Merritt. “It’s just unbelievable. I couldn’t have imagined anything like this ever happening,” he said. Although Merritt has now accomplished his cycling goal, he has no plans to change the routine that has become the highlight of his daily life. 25．Why did old AI Merritt start to cycle? A．He has always been an athletic person. B．His son Kevin brought him a new bike. C．He wanted to send love and kindness to others. D．He was advised to work out for the sake of his health. 26．The underlined phrase “social stops” in the second paragraph probably means ________. A．Merritt stopped to help those in need B．Merritt tried to help build stops for social use C．Merritt had interactions with his neighbours D．Merritt was stopped for some social reasons 27．What can we learn about AI Merritt in the text? A．His trips mattered more to his neighbours than to him. B．He was warmly congratulated on his completion of the plan. C．He will keep on cycling on a different route as he has planned. D．He accomplished his goal of cycling 24,901 miles around the earth. 28．Which of the following can best describe AI Merritt? A．Diligent and determined. B．Optimistic and selfless. C．Ambitious and romantic. D．Kind and inspirational. 【答案】25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“His wife, Penny Merritt said her husband’s doctor suggested he get more exercise after he had some heart trouble about 12 years ago.”（他的妻子Penny Merritt说，他的医生建议他在大约12年前有些心脏问题后多做运动。）可知，AI Merritt开始骑行是因为他的医生建议他为了健康多做运动。故选D。 26．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and gradually the length of his outings grew due to all the social stops — from an hour to two hours.”（起初，他的骑行时间大约是5英里，然后是10到12英里，由于所有的social stops，他的骑行时间逐渐从一个小时增加到两个小时。）以及第三段“As a result, over the years, he got to know many of his neighbours and send them message of love and kindness.”（因此，多年来，他认识了许多邻居，并向他们传递了爱和善良的信息。）可推知，“social stops”可能指的是他与邻居的互动，导致了他的骑行时间逐渐从一个小时增加到两个小时。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At 3 p.m. that Sunday afternoon, nearly 200 people gathered near his home to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his “round-the-world” adventure.”（那个星期天下午3点，近200人聚集在他家附近，为他完成“环球”冒险而惊喜和祝贺。）可知，他的邻居们热烈地祝贺他完成了他的计划。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As a result, over the years, he got to know many of his neighbours and send them message of love and kindness.”（因此，多年来，他认识了许多邻居，并向他们传递了爱和善良的信息。）以及根据第四段“He inspires so many people and shows everyone how you can be in your 80s and still have a good time.”（他激励了很多人，向所有人展示了你可以在80多岁的时候仍然过得很开心。”）可推知，AI Merritt是一个善良且鼓舞人心的人。故选D。 Passage 13 （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）Once the stuff of sci-fi fantasy, robots and robotic technology are now used in many aspects of daily life, ranging from manufacturing to medicine and everything in between. While humanity is still far from having robot servants at home, robots are commonly used on production lines in factories, and even for specific movements during operation. Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees. The decision to create autonomous foresters came after Milrem realized that its technology, which had been developed for military use , could be useful in other areas. “We started looking into what else we could do with these unmanned robots”, Mart Noorma, director at Milrem, told Research Estonia. “Together with our partners at universities and public offices, we realized that we could be helpful in automating many industries.” The robots, which resemble mini tanks , operate in pairs. One robot works as a planter , putting down as many as 380 young trees in as little as six hours. During the planting stage, the robot records the exact location of each young tree. The other robot follows its path, cutting vegetation and cutting brush, so that the newly planted trees can thrive. To navigate their surroundings, the robots use LiDAR and GPS systems. LiDAR uses laser technology to create a three-dimensional geometric map of the environment. Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy. The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet. 29．Why did Milrem decide to repurpose its technology? A．To make more money. B．To help in medicine. C．To create a big brand. D．To protect the environment. 30．How many young trees can a robot plant in an hour? A．About 50. B．About 63. C．About 190. D．About 380. 31．What can we infer from the fifth paragraphs? A．LiDAR makes it easier to identify the trees. B．The robots will improve the environment around the plants. C．The map’s accuracy results from high resolution camera systems. D．The tree planting robots are bound to be widely used soon. 32．What may be the author’s attitude towards robot foresters? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving. 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．C 32．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。自动坦克机器人制造商 Milrem 与塔尔图大学合作，开发出可以种植和照料树木木的机器人林务员。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees.”（最近，一家爱沙尼亚公司决定改变其技术的用途，原因是对环境有益。机器人制造商Milrem之前生产过自动坦克，现在与塔尔图大学合作开发了可以种植和照顾树木的机器人护林员。）可知，为了给地球带来益处， Milrem决定重新调整其技术用途，联合相关部门开发能够种植和照料树木的机器人林务员。由此可知， Milrem重新调整其技术用途是为了保护环境。故选D项。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One robot works as a planter, putting down as many as 380 seedlings in as little as six hours .”（其中一个机器人可以作为播种机，在短短6小时内种植多达380棵幼苗）可知，一个机器人可以在短短6个小时内，种下多达380棵幼苗，所以一个机器人在一小时内可以种植大约63棵小树。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“ Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy.”（《有趣的工程》报道称，机器人还使用高分辨率的摄像系统来填补障碍物周围的空白，以确保地图的准确性）可知，地图的准确性来自高分辨率的摄像系统。故选C项。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet.”（这些植树机器人的效率和速度使它们有帮助改变森林滥伐现象的巨大潜力，森林滥伐是影响地球的一个关键问题）可知，作者对机器人林务员应是持支持的态度。故选A项。 Passage 14 Passage 25（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds. What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway? And is it a new idea or just a slogan? I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. 33．What was Chicago like in the T950s? A．It had too large a population. B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it. C．It was the academic center of many essayists. D．It was full of well-functioned small communities. 34．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author? A．Repurposing abandoned communities. B．Designing communities similar to those in the past. C．Collecting community designs from the public. D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion. 35．What does the author think of a 15-minute city? A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical. C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city. 36．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century? A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars. B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other. C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle. D．It is friendly to the environment. 【答案】33．D 34．B 35．A 36．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章首先介绍了15分钟社区的概念，并指出21世纪城市规划者正在试图设计这样的社区。接着以巴黎为例，说明了15分钟城市运动的兴起。最后，文章探讨了15分钟城市的定义、可行性及现实状况，并提出了作者的思考。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段“Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. (20世纪50年代的芝加哥是一条无尽而无聊的“工厂、城镇主要街道”。他没有意识到这一点，但他是在赞美这座城市。每条街道都是一个小世界的首都，在这个小世界里，几千名居民可以在15分钟内满足他们所有的日常需求——身体上的、社会上的和精神上的。)”可知，50年代的芝加哥那里到处都是运转良好的小社区。故选D项。 34．细节理解题。根据第二段“I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. (我忍不住觉得讽刺的是，在21世纪，一些城市规划领域的顶尖人才正在试图设计那些曾经自然存在、无需任何人费心思考的社区。但他们正在努力做这项工作，并且正在赢得支持者。)”可知，城市规划者现在致力于设计类似于过去的社区。故选B项。 35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. (但它可能没那么简单。我认识的大多数人都不太愿意走整整一英里路去办件事。这就是为什么一些评论家说，如果我们只谈步行，那么5分钟或10分钟城市的想法可能更现实。而至少可以说，要实现这一目标也将困难得多。)”可知，作者认为一个15分钟的城市很难实现。故选A项。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. (事实上，我们现在就已经有了15分钟城市——我们可以开车在15分钟内到达大多数我们想去的地方。当然，出于各种环境和社会原因，这正是我们需要停止做的。)”可知，21世纪的15分钟城市需要减少汽车使用，进而对环境友好。故选D项。 Passage 15 （23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside. “I thought it was a 3-D printer sales place,” says Frank Fu, a high school student. Earlier this year, Fu chanced upon Do Space, a technology library providing free access to powerful PCs loaded with software used by businesses and artists. There are 3-D printers and laser cutters (激光切割机). “It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,” Fu says. There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. Taxpayers didn’t fund this library. Instead, Heritage Services, a group of Omaha contributors, donated $7 million to transform the building — which had been a Borders bookstore — and pay for computers, 3-D printers and the Internet bandwidth. Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 10 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. “That’s really amazing; that is unheard of anywhere. That computing power also makes it an attractive spot for startup founders. We know people run businesses out of this building, and we’re OK with that,” Morris says. Hans Bekale is among them. “This is probably the biggest dream of any developer to have a place like this,” he says. “Because this is our modern-day office.” Bekale manages his small multimedia business from Do Space. He says the technology attracted him, as well as the informal community of creative people who hang out there. “I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right? Not hearing fresh ideas,” he says. “Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.” Across the country, other libraries are expanding their tech options. Susan Benton of the Urban Libraries Council says the Omaha experiment takes the concept to a new level. 7．How might Fu feel upon stepping into Do Space? A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Doubtful. D．Nervous. 8．What do we know about Morris? A．She is a startup founder. B．She knows computers well. C．She provided funds for Do Space. D．She was the owner of a Borders bookstore. 9．How does Do Space benefit Bekale? A．He is often inspired there. B．He learns basic technology there. C．He is able to meet more clients there. D．He can spend time with himself. 。 10．What is the best title for the text? A．The future of libraries lies in their tech options B．A library with no books brings technology to all C．Do Space offers free science classes to students D．Sharing scientific resources transforms a community 【答案】7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的一个没有图书的科技图书馆——Do Space，它向公众免费提供高端技术，由当地捐赠者资助，吸引了创业者、多媒体企业管理者等人群。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,’ Fu says. (‘正是我所寻找的，我从来不知道有这样的地方，事实证明没有’傅说)”可知，傅说他从来没见过这样的地方，这正是他所寻找的，由此可推知，傅走进Do Space时可能会感到兴奋。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 10 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. (苏·莫里斯（Sue Morris）代表捐赠者说：‘从最低1 Gb增加到10 Gb，在公共建筑中免费使用，’她说。)”可知，Morris是捐赠者代表，也就是她为Do Space提供了资金。故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段中Bekale的话“‘I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right? Not hearing fresh ideas,’ he says. ‘Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.’ (他说：‘我以前总是把自己关在办公室里，就我自己，对吧？听不到新想法。我想到的一些最具创新性的东西，就是通过交谈产生的。’)”可知，Bekale在Do Space通过交谈产生一些最具创新性的东西。由此可推知，Bekale在Do Space能够受到启发，获得灵感。故选A项。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside. (在内布拉斯加州奥马哈市最繁忙的十字路口的拐角处，有一座方形的建筑，两面都裹着一块闪烁的LED招牌，宣传里面的高科技设备和课程)”和第三段中“There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. (这个图书馆里没有书。相反，它挤满了免费提供给公众的高端技术)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州奥马哈市的一个没有图书的科技图书馆——Do Space，它向公众免费提供高端技术。由此可知，B项“A library with no books brings technology to all(一个没有书的图书馆把技术带给所有人)”最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 16 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs. Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in1900. For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN. By far, the African Penguin Nest Project has built more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species. “This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to set up at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas.“ The goal is that every penguin that needsa nest will get one.” 5．Why has so many beach huts been built based on the text? A．To beautify the beach. B．To conduct research. C．To shelter the penguins. D．To balance the ecology. 6．How many factors affect the penguin population to decrease from the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 7．What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Decline. B．Increase. C．Extinct. D．Interrupt. 8．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper? A．Culture. B．History. C．Technology. D．Environment. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). (有了良好的环境和海景，它们刚好能容纳一个非洲企鹅家庭。它们独特的卖点是：一个安全凉爽的地方供企鹅繁殖。)”可知，建这么多的海滩小屋是为了给企鹅繁殖提供安全凉爽的地方，故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. (从历史上看，企鹅在非洲企鹅聚居区的鸟粪层中挖洞，但在19世纪，商人开始出售鸟粪作为肥料，使企鹅和它们的蛋越来越多地暴露在天敌和烈日下。再加上偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化等其他威胁，导致非洲企鹅数量急剧下降。)”可知，影响企鹅数量的因素有四个：商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化，故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在段落“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. (从历史上看，企鹅在非洲企鹅聚居区的鸟粪层中挖洞，但在19世纪，商人开始出售鸟粪作为肥料，使企鹅和它们的蛋越来越多地暴露在天敌和烈日下。再加上偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化等其他威胁，导致非洲企鹅数量 。)” 可知，由于商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化的因素影响，导致企鹅的数量是在急剧下降的。A选项“Decline (下降)”与划线词为同义词。故选A。 8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). (一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。有了良好的环境和海景，它们刚好能容纳一个非洲企鹅家庭。它们独特的卖点是：一个安全凉爽的地方供企鹅繁殖。)” 可知，介绍一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋，这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖环境。由此推断文章可能出现在报纸环境专栏中。故选D。 Passage 17 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021. The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke. “You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study. A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study. Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day. 9．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2? A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time. 10．Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3? A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef. 11．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat. B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy. C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life. D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily. 12．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from? A．Culture. B．Health. C．Modern. D．Character. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable-based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal-based saturated (饱和的) fats were 16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind.(这项尚未得到其他研究人员证实的研究发现，食用最多植物性脂肪的人比食用最少植物性脂肪的人患中风的可能性低12%。另一方面，食用动物性饱和脂肪含量最高的人比食用同类脂肪最少的人患中风的可能性高16%)”可推知，第二段通过作比较来展开。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol (胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy.(但是来自蔬菜、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类的不饱和脂肪可以降低你的胆固醇水平，帮助你保持健康)”可知，植物、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类中有不饱和脂肪，牛肉不属于这一范围。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021.(摄入过多的脂肪会增加患中风和其他心脏病的风险。然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要。根据2021年美国心脏协会科学会议上发表的一项研究报告，食用植物性脂肪可以降低中风风险)”结合文章说明了一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。即中风与脂肪类型有关。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke.(然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要)”可知，本文为健康类科普文，可能选自报纸的健康版块。故选B。 Passage 18 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity. The astronauts, Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin, have to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft, said Zhong Weiwei, an associate researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center. Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong. He said the astronauts have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of over half a month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII enter the space station. The physical conditions and psychological states of the three astronauts are better than expected, meeting the requirements for a return trip, said the associate researcher from the center’s aerospace medical engineering office. Based on their in- orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said. The Shenzhou XVII mission was launched on Oct 26 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station. Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024. 3．What record did the three astronauts make in China’s history? A．They have stayed in space about half a year. B．They have adjusted their plan to keep fitness. C．They have made two live lectures from space. D．They have finished twenty scientific missions. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The astronauts adjusted their exercise plans due to the delayed return. B．The astronauts have already arranged all equipment in the right place. C．When the Lunar New Year came, they greet the whole nation in space. D．The astronauts merely need to keep physically healthy before returning. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft will be abandoned. B．Shenzhou X VIII will be launched in late April. C．The three astronauts may stay in space until May. D．Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft will take off in 2025. 56．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Successful returning from space. B．Welcome the next space astronauts. C．Great achievements of astronauts. D．Preparations for returning the Earth. 【答案】3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国三名宇航员准备返回地球，正在作相关的准备工作。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong.(据钟介绍，他们在太空中生活了大约六个月，这是中国历史上的新纪录，他们已经完成了20多项科学任务，并将带回样本)”可知，这三位宇航员在太空呆了大约半年，创造了记录。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024.(除了他们的任务，2024年2月9日，神舟十七号机组人员还在中国空间站向中华民族拜年)”可知，C选项“当农历新年到来的时候，他们在太空向全国人民问好”正确。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.(驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员正在为4月中旬的返程做准备，他们正在打包个人物品、实验产品和其他材料，将设备安置到位，并进行锻炼，为身体适应地球引力做好准备)”可推知，4月中旬在做准备，即神舟十八将于4月下旬发射。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.(驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员正在为4月中旬的返程做准备，他们正在打包个人物品、实验产品和其他材料，将设备安置到位，并进行锻炼，为身体适应地球引力做好准备)”结合文章主要介绍了中国三名宇航员准备返回地球，正在作相关的准备工作。可知，D选项“准备返回地球”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 19 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·阶段练习）One day, there’ll be no need for you to brush your teeth by hand. Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you. It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush. Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter. The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center. When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles. When there’s a tooth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch out as far as they want. So they push against the tooth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push into the gap. Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth. All that motion cleans the teeth. As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses. The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager. 7．What is special about the tooth cleaner? A．It’s water-resistant. B．It looks like a toothbrush. C．It’s appearance-changeable. D．It contains skinny bristles. 8．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The bristles’ formation. B．The working principle. C．The virus-killing process. D．The magnets’ motion. 9．How does Steager feel about the future of the device? A．Uncertain. B．Unfavorable. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 10．Which of the following would be the best title? A．A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth Cleaner B．Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tooth Growth C．A New Concept for Automatic Health Care D．An Antibacteria Liquid Tooth cleaner for Adults 【答案】7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种利用纳米粒子和磁力的新概念自清洁牙齿技术。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(Steager是宾夕法尼亚大学费城分校的一名工程师，而 Hyun Koo 则是那里的发明家和牙科研究员，他们找到了一种方法，可以将纳米颗粒形成长而细的刷毛，非常类似于牙刷上的刷毛。但这些刷毛能够变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面)”可知，牙刷的特殊之处是其刷毛能够改变形状。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center.(这个牙齿清洁机器人依靠两块磁铁工作。一块磁铁位于牙齿的一侧，另一块位于另一侧。纳米颗粒悬浮在两块磁铁之间的液体中。当磁铁关闭时，纳米颗粒在液体中随机移动。而当其中一块磁铁启动时，纳米颗粒会聚集到该磁铁的中心附近)”可知，第三段详细描述了牙齿清洁机器人的工作原理，通过磁铁使纳米颗粒成形并打扫牙齿。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager.(这个新装置只是一个概念验证。研究人员还需要将其变成人们愿意使用的产品。“从这里到那里还有很多工程要做，但每一个好主意都需要有一个开始。”Steager说)”可知，Steager认为虽然还有好长的路要走，但这个新装置是一个好的开始。由此可推知，他对该装置的未来持积极态度。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.(Steager 是宾夕法尼亚大学费城分校的一名工程师，而 Hyun Koo 则是那里的发明家和牙科研究员，他们找到了一种方法，可以将纳米颗粒形成长而细的刷毛，非常类似于牙刷上的刷毛。但这些刷毛能够变形以适应它们遇到的任何表面)”可知，文章主要介绍了由工程师Steager和研究者Hyun Koo开发的一种利用纳米粒子形状变化来清洁牙齿的机器人装置的设计原理和潜力。所以“一种变形机器人洁牙器”适合作本文的标题。故选A。 Passage 20 （23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）What makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as exclusively human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well. Among the invertebrates (无脊椎动物), octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness. Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way. Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark. 5．The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _____. A．are not easy to fool B．prefer fruit to vegetables C．have a special taste for food D．have an awareness of equality 6．What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins? A．Social interaction. B．Intelligence. C．Tool using ability. D．Fun-loving spirits. 7．What makes dolphin culture special? A．They tend to hunt in groups. B．Their hunting skills are passed down. C．Their learning environment is favourable. D．Their families are typically female-controlled. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror. B．Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby. C．Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species. D．Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通常被认为是人类独有的一些特征实际上不仅存在于陆地上，也存在于海洋中，八爪鱼具有高度的智慧，而海豚具有与人类极为相似的文化和意识，它们能将捕食技能代代相传，而且可以识别镜子中自己的镜像。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. (人类和猿类是近亲，所以黑猩猩会使用工具，大猩猩有公平竞争的意识，甚至在看到邻居得到葡萄时拒绝胡萝卜(它们通常会接受)，这也许并不奇怪。)”可知，大猩猩在看到邻居得到葡萄时会拒绝胡萝卜，这表明它们有平等意识。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators (但这些熟练的捕食者独自生活，因此缺乏文化群落。另一方面，海豚是脑容量大、寿命长、以社会群体为基础的捕食者)”可知，与海豚相比，八爪鱼缺乏群体生活中的社会性的互动。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way. (从这个意义上讲，许多动物都有文化，但海豚的与众不同之处在于它们传递的东西。一些宽吻海豚嘴里含着海绵，它们用海绵作为工具来搜寻隐藏在海底的鱼。这种能力是代代相传的(尤其是在雌性中)，有些家庭——祖母、母亲和女儿——都以这种高度专业化的方式喂养。)”可知，海豚的捕食技能代代相传，这使得它们的文化很特别。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark. (当面对镜子时，大多数动物的行为就好像它们在与另一个个体互动。即使是人类，在18个月之前也无法识别镜子里的形象是自己。海豚不仅能认出自己，而且如果海豚身上有一个黑色的标记，它会花更多的时间在镜子前看这个标记。)”可知，大多数动物，包括不满18个月的人类，都无法识别镜子中的自己，而海豚却具备这种能力，而且能意识到自己身上的特别标记。由此可知，海豚识别自己镜像的能力是一种高阶的心智技能。故选D项。 Passage 21 （23-24高二下·北京·期中）If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals — also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil banes that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had, suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were too of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 9．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A．A twisted body. B．A drop in blood pressure. C．A gradual decrease in blood supply. D．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. 10．The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______. A．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies B．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones C．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends D．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression 11．Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______. A．confirmed his assumption B．disagreed with his assumption C．changed his research objectives D．speeded up his research process 12．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______. A．failed to evolve an anti- decompression means B．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles C．gradually developed measures against the bends D．evolved an anti- decompression means but soon lost it 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了对鱼龙等海洋生物变弯曲的原因的研究。 9．细节理解题。第一段“The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.(如果气泡积聚在关节处，后果就是剧烈疼痛和身体弯曲——因此得名。如果气泡在它的肺部或脑部形成，后果可能是死亡)”可知，遭遇bend的症状是sharp pain and a bent body，即扭曲的身体。故选A。 10． 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.(他特别想研究的是鱼龙如何在一亿五千万年间适应减压的问题)”可知，Rothschild教授的研究目的是鱼龙如何适应减压问题，故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. (相反，他惊讶地发现情况恰恰相反)”可知，研究结果与他原本的假设相反，故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly— and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.(如果鱼龙确实进化出了抗减压的能力，那么它们显然进化得太快了——而且最奇怪的是，它们后来就失去了这种能力)”可推知，Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官，故选A。 Passage 22 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）In the past months, humans have become quite familiar with the term “social distancing”. But it turns out that we are not the only ones to avoid contacting our peers when our health may be at risk: Research suggests honeybees do it, too. “It’s exciting to see that other animals are doing something analogous”, said Dr. Alessandro Cini, co-author of the research at University College London. Scientists have found that when a hive (蜂箱) of honeybees is under threat from the mite (螨虫) called Varroa destructor, which can cause the collapse of honeybee colonies, the bees will respond by changing the way they interact with one another. By examining videos recorded inside the hives, the researchers found that when hives had mites, foraging (觅食的) bees performed important dances to indicate the direction of food sources and kept themselves away from the center of the colony where young bees and the queen stayed. This may help to keep the infection at a level that can be controlled, limiting the amount of damage. “Foragers are one of the main entrance routes for the mites,” said Cini. The team then carried out experiments in the laboratory, artificially infecting small groups of about 12 young bees with the mites and comparing them to uninfected groups. This time the team found no increase in social distancing among infected groups — which, says Cini, may reflect that it is more important for foragers and young bees to keep their distance when the mites are present and that bees rely on one another. “Probably social distancing is too costly on a small scale,” he said. But there were differences in grooming (梳理) behavior: Infected bees were groomed more, inspected more, and had food shared with them more than individuals in uninfected groups. Cini said the study showed the power of natural selection in the evolution of social behavior and also dynamic change in the social behavior to adapt to an ever- changing environment. 3．What does the underlined word “analogous” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Adventurous. B．Meaningful. C．Alike. D．Creative. 4．What is the purpose of foraging bees’ keeping away from the center of the colony? A．To quickly locate the food. B．To show respect for the queen. C．To shorten the entrance route. D．To minimize the potential risk. 5．Why do honeybees keep social distancing? A．Because they’ re artificially infected. B．Because they depend on each other. C．Because they’ re compared with others. D．Because mites appear among them. 6．What is the best title of the text? A．Social Distancing in Honeybees. B．Communication between Honeybees. C．Honeybees Proved to Be More Social. D．Strict Social Rules in Honeybees. 【答案】3．C 4．D 5．D 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究证明，当健康可能受到威胁时，蜜蜂也会保持社交距离。 3．词句猜测题。根据第一段“But it turns out that we are not the only ones to avoid contacting our peers when our health may be at risk: Research suggests honeybees do it, too.(但事实证明，当我们的健康可能受到威胁时，我们并不是唯一避免与同龄人接触的人：研究表明蜜蜂也会这样做)”可知，研究表明蜜蜂和人类有类似的行为，划线词analogous意为“类似的”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“By examining videos recorded inside the hives, the researchers found that when hives had mites, foraging (觅食的) bees performed important dances to indicate the direction of food sources and kept themselves away from the center of the colony where young bees and the queen stayed. This may help to keep the infection at a level that can be controlled, limiting the amount of damage.(通过检查记录在蜂箱内的视频，研究人员发现，当蜂箱里有螨虫时，觅食的蜜蜂会表演重要的舞蹈，以指示食物来源的方向，并使自己远离蜂群中心，那里是年轻蜜蜂和蜂王待的地方。这可能有助于将感染保持在可控制的水平，限制损伤的数量)”可知，觅食蜜蜂远离蜂群中心的目的是把潜在的风险降到最低。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“This time the team found no increase in social distancing among infected groups— which, says Cini, may reflect that it is more important for foragers and young bees to keep their distance when the mites are present and that bees rely on one another.(这一次，研究小组发现受感染群体之间的社会距离没有增加——Cini说，这可能反映出，当螨虫存在时，觅食者和年轻蜜蜂保持距离更为重要，蜜蜂相互依赖)”可知，蜜蜂要保持社交距离是因为螨虫出现在它们中间。故选D。 6．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the past months, humans have become quite familiar with the term “social distancing”. But it turns out that we are not the only ones to avoid contacting our peers when our health may be at risk: Research suggests honeybees do it, too.(在过去的几个月里，人类已经非常熟悉“保持社交距离”这个词。但事实证明，当我们的健康可能受到威胁时，我们并不是唯一避免与同龄人接触的人：研究表明蜜蜂也会这样做)”结合文章主要说明了研究证明，当健康可能受到威胁时，蜜蜂也会保持社交距离。可知，A选项“蜜蜂的社会距离”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 23 （22-23高二下·广西柳州·期中）Starch (淀粉) is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming. Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021. “Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process,” Ma Yanhe, director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. “Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” Ma told China Daily. The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convent carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol (甲醇), which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom,” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told. China Daily, Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps to 11. “The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural production to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change, a research fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times. The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food. 7．What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch? A．It’s extremely complex and inefficient. B．It’s achievable through photosynthesis. C．It’s more efficient than the natural method. D．It’s a way of dealing with global warming. 8．What’s the main idea of paragraph 6? A．The method of producing starch traditionally. B．The differences between producing starch traditionally and industrially. C．The benefits of producing starch industrially. D．The method of recycling carbon dioxide. 9．What can be learned about the breakthrough? A．It can change the way of starch production. B．It can help improve people’s health. C．It can provide astronauts with nutritious food. D．It can save farmers from traditional agriculture. 10．What can be the best title of this passage? A．Hungry for starch B．Smart with starch C．Secure about food supply D．Beneficial to food diversity 【答案】7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国科学家在淀粉制造领域的突破性进展，即利用二氧化碳、氢气和电力人工合成淀粉，这一技术有望改变传统的淀粉生产方式，并对应对全球变暖和太空探索等领域产生深远影响。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段“With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps to 11. (在超级计算的帮助下，中国科学家已经将天然淀粉制造过程从大约60步简化到11步。)”可知，新的方法极大简化了制作步骤，这是提升了生产效率。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。根据第六段“And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change (而且，将来我们可能无需农业就能满足需求。这不仅有助于节省水、肥料和土地，还有助于回收二氧化碳以应对气候变化。)”可知，新工艺转换了淀粉的生产方式，带来很多好处，故选C项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. (我们的突破表明，在实验室里制造淀粉是可行的。)”可知，在实验室里工业化生产淀粉成为可能，这改变了淀粉的生产方式，故选A项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021. (根据2021年9月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家利用二氧化碳、氢气和电力创造了淀粉。)”及全文可知，文章讨论了一种新的淀粉制造方法，这种方法是智能的，因为它提高了效率并且有多种潜在的应用，Smart with starch(智能利用淀粉)最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 24 （23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期中）Last week, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres coined a new term. The time of global warming has ended, he announced, and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. You can see why he said it. July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef, off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, “global boiling” is clearly an overstatement, but “global warming” is now far too weak a description. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t received enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis, nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and $$ 专题02：阅读理解（考题猜想） 题组01：经典基础题 Passage 01 （23-24高二下·河北衡水·期中）Cleanliness may be next to godliness, but a new study suggests it could have an unexpected downside: A few minutes of floor cleaning indoors with a fresh-scented cleaning product can generate as many airborne particles (微粒) as vehicles on a busy city street, because these products contain chemicals that react with ozone (臭氧) in the air to form harmful small particles. “I was absolutely amazed that floor cleaning produced potentially harmful particles at similar rates to those generated by traffic on a busy street,” says Nicola Carslaw of the University of York who was not involved with the study. “There is a lot of particle formation during these cleaning events, even under conditions that we would consider very normal.” Previous studies found cleaning products can generate such pollution. But not all of these experiments were realistic or detailed. The new study was designed to reveal, minute by minute, what happens with airborne-reactions during a typical floor cleaning. Researchers brought their lab instruments into a room with an air volume of 50 cubic meters. In the morning, they cleaned the floor for 12 to 14 minutes with a terpene-based (含有萜烯成分的) cleaner. Then, they used the most advanced instruments to monitor the reactions over the next 90 minutes. “This is the first study that really looked at the entire chemical process under realistic indoor conditions,” says researcher Philip Stevens. What about opening windows? It can also be a double-edged sword, researchers say. Ventilation (通风) removes particles, but it can also bring in more dangerous ozone from outdoors. Keeping ozone levels below one part per billion — either by reducing ventilation or using activated carbon air filters (活性炭空气过滤器) — would help, the researchers say. So would cleaning in the morning or evening, when ozone levels tend to be lower, and avoiding products with terpenes. Portable air filters can also reduce the concentration of particles inside rooms, says another researcher Brandon Boor. The larger problem, Boor says, is the lack of rules for the design and operation of buildings — and the use of various common chemicals inside them — with respect to air quality. “We need to pay closer attention to what’s going on in indoor environments.” 1．What surprised Nicola Carslaw? A．Cleaning can create air pollution that matches city street pollution. B．Particle formation during cleaning events is considered normal. C．The air in homes cannot be purified by cleaning products. D．Cleaning products contain ozone gas. 2．What can be learned about the new study? A．It was inspired by previous studies. B．It was conducted in a real room. C．It lasted longer than previous studies. D．It raised people’s concerns about indoor air quality. 3．What is a way to reduce harmful particles indoors? A．Keeping plants indoors. B．Keeping doors open while cleaning. C．Cleaning at the beginning of the day. D．Cutting down the frequency of cleaning. 4．What should people do according to Brandon Boor in the last paragraph? A．Reduce cleaning products' chemical ingredients. B．Monitor the construction of tall buildings. C．Improve the living environment. D．Focus more on indoor air quality. Passage 02 （23-24高二下·四川内江·期中）When I was a little boy growing up, my Mom, Dad, brothers and I lived in my Nana’s old house. It was surrounded by four huge vegetable gardens. And around the house so many flowers were planted. It was so beautiful there in the spring and summer. That wasn’t all, though. On the back porch(门廊) Nana had dozens of potted plants hanging on hooks. She watered them, talked to them and grew them. And in the winter she would carry them all inside and set them on shelves near the windows of our enclosed front porch. There with a little water and a lot of love she kept them alive, green, and growing even during the coldest, darkest months. As a boy I was puzzled by all the effort she put into them. I understood the vegetable gardens. They helped to feed the family all winter long. I even understood the flowers around the house. They were pretty and smelled so sweet in the summer months. The reason she put so much effort into caring for those potted plants, however, eluded me. They didn’t give us any food and they rarely had any flowers on them. They remained a mystery to my child’s mind. Now as I’ve grown older I am beginning to understand why my Nana had those potted plants. It is the same reason I have so many pictures of sunrises and forests hanging in my home. They remind me during the dark, cold, winter months full of bare trees and yellow grass that light, love, and growth still exist. They remind me that Spring will come again. They remind me that God loves us and is still with us even when the earth doesn’t show it. Today I see Nana’s potted plants in a new light. They are worth every bit of the love and care she put into them. But what tells me most about light and love is Nana herself. She is light to my soul even in my darkest times. And her love lives on in my heart even if she is in Heaven. May we all learn to love as she loved, shine as she shined, and live as she lived. 1．Which of the following is close in meaning to the underlined word “eluded” in paragraph 2? A．Upset. B．Misguided. C．Confused. D．Excited. 2．Why was Nana fond of potted plants? A．They were a sign of hope. B．They looked like sunrise and forests. C．They constantly kept Nana company. D．They were movable and easy to grow. 3．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advocate growing potted plants. B．To sing the praise of Nana’s spirit and love. C．To stress the benefits of a positive lifestyle. D．To recall beautiful memories spent with Nana. 4．What’s the type of the passage? A．A non-fiction. B．A book review. C．An agricultural leaflet. D．A celebrity biography. Passage 03 （22-23高二下·广西柳州·期中）A case highlights a little-known fact about a poor diet: aside from being tied to obesity, heart disease and cancer, they can also permanently damage the nervous system, particularly vision, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine. A teen who ate nothing but fries, chips and other junk food for years slowly went blind. The teen’s problems began at age 14, when he went to the doctor’s office complaining of tiredness. The teen was reportedly a picky eater, and blood tests showed he had low levels of vitamin B12. He was treated with injections of vitamin B12 along with advice on how to improve his diet. However, by age 15, he developed hearing loss and vision problems, but doctors couldn’t seem to find the cause—results from an MRI and eye exam were normal. Over the next two years, the teen’s vision got progressively worse. When the boy was 17, an eye test showed that his vision was 20/200 in both eyes, the threshold (起始点) for being “legally blind” in the United States. Further tests showed the teen had developed damage to the optic nerve (视神经). Furthermore, the teen still had low levels of vitamin B12, along with low levels of selenium (硒) and vitamin D．These deficiencies caused doctors to ask the teen about the foods he ate. “The patient admitted that, since elementary school, the only things he ate had been fries, chips, white bread, processed ham slices and sausage,” the authors from the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom wrote in the report. This kind of vision loss is potentially reversible (可逆的) if caught early. However, by the time the teen was diagnosed, his vision loss was permanent. “What’s more, wearing glasses would not help the teen’s vision, because damage to the optic nerve cannot be corrected with lenses,” said the study lead author Dr. Denize Atan. 1．Why did the teen’s condition get worse? A．His illness couldn’t be treated. B．He kept having a poor diet. C．Vitamin B12 didn’t work on him. D．Tiredness caused damage to his nerves. 2．Which of the following may not be the bad effect caused by poor diet? A．Obesity. B．Cancer. C．Poor eyesight. D．Blood disease. 3．What can be inferred about the teen? A．His optic nerve will be recovered. B．His problems will be solved well. C．He is advised to take in more nutrition. D．His vision can’t be improved by wearing glasses. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．A poor diet can cause poor vision. B．Vitamin B12 is important to vision. C．Unhealthy food causes many diseases. D．Doctors’ advice is helpful to people. Passage 04 （22-23高二下·陕西·期中）Robots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary, according to experts. Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the US, says that many middle- class professionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure (休闲) time than they have ever experienced. Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent. “We are approaching a time when machines will be able to do better than humans at almost any task," said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering. “Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before it’s upon us: If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do? “The question I want to put forward is, ‘ Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind?” Prof Vardi, said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middle- class jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing. But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind. “A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue (追求) leisure activities,” he said. “I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisure- only life appealing. I believe that work is essential to human well- being. “Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life. “We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date. “What’s different this time is computer scientists are working on building machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do?” 1．What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs? A．They will be more challenging. B．Most will disappear completely. C．Most will be replaced by robots. D．They will require higher degrees. 2．What is Prof Vardi concerned about? A．The rapid population growth. B．The fast development of robots. C．Whether robots will rule humans. D．Whether robots will do good to humans. 3．How does Prof Vardi find leisure- only life? A．Ideal. B．Undesirable. C．Carefree. D．Interesting. 4．What will humans face in the next few decades? A．Labor shortage. B．Production surplus. C．Fierce competition. D．Lack of life purposes. Passage 05 （22-23高二下·四川眉山·期中）In my work as a therapist (心理治疗师), it’s common for me to ask the brave individuals I work with to try something that may feel unfamiliar, challenging or awkward. It’s also important to me to support people’s independence and boundaries. In the spirit of this, I welcome their refusal to try something as much as I appreciate their agreement to have a go at it. In other words, I welcome “no” just as much as I welcome “yes” . That’s something worth repeating, because, let’s be honest here, it can be hard to set a boundary — really hard. I’ll bet it wouldn’t take much time to search through your memory bank to know exactly what I mean. Perhaps it is that favor a friend asked of you, the one you didn’t want to do but you just couldn’t quite bring yourself to say “no” to. Or maybe it is that time when a boss or coworker asked to schedule a work meeting the next day and you said “sure thing” even though you privately wished they hadn’t asked. In all likelihood, you could come up with several occasions. A team of researchers explored an element behind why we find it difficult to say that healthy, important, two-letter word. Across a series of experiments, they found one reason is that we exaggerate the negative effects that will arise. For example, we might fear that the person who is asking us for something would feel upset, would judge us, would complain about us to others, or would not support us when we need it. Or, we might be afraid that the relationship would suffer. But, in fact, things aren’t that bad. Why do we make this incorrect calculation? The investigators referred to previous research indicating that when we’re trying to avoid an unwanted situation (e.g., a friend’s judgment on us after we say “no”), we tend to increase the possibility of its occurring. The upside is that this could help us avoid that situation. The research team also pointed out that there are downsides of inflating the possibility of other people’s problematic reactions to our boundaries, like saying “yes” more than we need to or want to, which could also work against the relationships we’re trying to protect. If we can remind ourselves that the consequences of setting a boundary likely won’t be as bad as we imagine, we might feel more able to try saying “no” at times, which could feel unfamiliar, challenging, or awkward, but ultimately better. 1．Why does the author welcome others’ refusal? A．She supports the boundaries between people. B．She has much knowledge of psychology. C．She has a lot of social experience. D．She is a brave and sensitive person. 2．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2? A．Making a summary. B．Explaining a theory. C．Providing examples. D．Drawing comparisons. 3．What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Ignore. B．Overstate. C．Avoid. D．Lower. 4．How can the incorrect calculation influence relationships? A．It is double-edged for relationships. B．It is helpful to begin a relationship. C．It puts people in a weak position in relationships. D．It stops people from saying “yes” in relationships. Passage 06 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）Olympic Games organizers in France presented the 2024 Olympic torch (火炬) that will light the Summer Games in the country a year from now. In the Olympic torch tradition, many people carry the torch in turn from Greece to the current location of the Games. After it has traveled thousands of kilometers. The torch will light the Olympic cauldron (火炬台) at the Opening Ceremony of the next Olympic Games. French designer Mathieu Lehanneur created the torch, which is 70 centimeters long and made of lightweight steel. Lehanneur said its shape is inspired by the famous Seine River, which flows through Paris. He said the torch is equal from top to bottom and all around the middle, which stands for equality between athletes. The twisting shape of the torch represents peace. The torch was made with lightweight steel. Its lower half copies the movement of the Seine, along which the opening ceremony will take place for over 500,000 viewers. Lehanneur said he wants the torch to represent the kind of event that Paris 2024 hopes to be. “I wanted to move away from the torch appearing as an object of conquest (征服), ” Lehanneur said. He also told reporters that designing the torch was much more technical than he thought it would be. “The magic is not the torch itself, but the flame,” Lehanneur said. The torch will be lit up in Olympia, Greece on April 16,2024, followed by a nine-day torch relay before sailing across the Mediterranean Sea from Athens to Marseille in France on May 8. It will then pass through several important laces, which include Strasbourg, the Pantheon in Paris, the Mont Saint-Michel and multiple French territories. Tony Estanguet, the Paris 2024 chief, said that the torch is very, very beautiful. He also said, “It is very pure. It’s perfectly balanced in the hand.” 1．Why is the torch equal from top to bottom? A．It is easy for torch-bearers to carry. B．It is the symbol of the Seine River. C．It shows equality between players. D．It represents peace among nations. 2．What can be inferred from Lehanneur’s words? A．He wishes Paris 2024 to be the best ever. B．The torch is more important than the flame. C．He thinks highly of the torch’s appearance. D．Designing the torch is harder than he thinks. 3．How long will it take the torch to travel from Greece to France? A．Fifteen days. B．Twenty two days. C．Nine days. D．Eight days. 4．What is Tony Estanguet’s attitude to the torch? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. Passage 07 （23-24高二下·陕西宝鸡·期末）One week after I started working in Beijing, I decided to visit a place of interest called the Summer Palace. Before setting off, I researched it on the Internet. The Summer Palace is composed mostly of a lake, but it’s surrounded by beautiful greenery and a walkway that circles the lake. It is recommended that you give the Summer Palace about three hours. If you try to walk around it, it could take five or six hours. With that knowledge of it, I set off. The highlight of the tour had to be the view from the Tower of Buddhist Incense. It sits on the top of a large hill overlooking the lake and is worth a climb. It was built as a place to worship the Buddha. And in the Summer Palace, unlike in most of other places, photography isn’t allowed in most of the buildings. Pictures of most of the Buddhas and the other artifacts are off⁃limits for photographers. Another highlight was seeing the stage created for the Dowager Empress where she watched operas and other theater items. There are box seats that surround the stage and it was the largest stage created in Imperial China. You could almost imagine royalty reviewing the actors from the boxes and the stage. I do recommend taking a boat ride if you go, which takes you from one side of the lake to the other side where you can see another set of buildings. And it is fun. You can also rent an electric boat or paddleboat if you want. But since it was just me, I went aboard one of the biggest boats with other people. I spent another four hours wandering around the Summer Palace. But I didn’t see all of it because it was getting dark. How I wish I could visit it again. 5．What did the author do before setting off for the Summer Palace? A．Asked others about it. B．Learned something about it. C．Spent three hours researching it. D．Rented a boat. 6．What does the underlined word “off⁃limits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Forbidden. B．Allowed. C．Charged. D．Limited. 7．What do we know about the stage mentioned in the text? A．It sits on the top of a hill. B．It is the largest stage all over China. C．It was for royalty to watch performances. D．Operas are performed there at times. 8．Which of the following correctly describes the author’s tour? A．She took a boat by herself. B．She spent four hours in the Summer Palace. C．She didn’t enjoy the trip because it was too late. D．She only toured part of the Summer Palace. Passage 08 （23-24高二下·吉林四平·期中）As we enjoy the summer ocean waves along the beaches, we may think nervously about Steven Spielberg’s Jaws and the great fear that sharks inspire in us. Yet we are happy to see global efforts to protect the declining number of sharks. The world has realized that we need the species, like sharks, to keep a balanced ecosystem. Sharks, in particular, are “in” these days. Thanks to good public policy and famous stars such as Jackie Chan and Ang Lee, killing sharks for fin (鳍) soup is no longer cool. The demand for shark fins has been rising for decades, threatening sharks with extinction (灭绝) — up to 100 million sharks are killed each year just for their fins. But we have started to reverse the trend (趋势), particularly in many areas of the United States and overseas where restaurants once proudly provided delicious shark fins on the menu. In California, a ban on the sale and possession of shark fin soup has gone into effect this year through the efforts of Wild Aid and other organizations. Overseas marketing and public efforts featuring posters on public transportation systems and TV ads have been underway for the past few years. These efforts all show signs of success, on both the supply side and the demand side of trade in shark fins. Actually, stopping the killing of sharks is part of a broader movement to stop the killing of wild animals and the buying and selling of wildlife products. These products come from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos, besides killing sea life. Whether it is shark fin soup or ivory piano keys, killing animals is big business. The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks for luxury (奢侈的) goods has become a war. The decrease of African elephant populations is alarming. Together with international partners, the United States is leading the worldwide effort to reduce demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. 9．Why do people begin to make efforts to protect the declining number of sharks? A．Sharks are friends of humans. B．Sharks don’t attack people any more. C．We need sharks to keep a balanced ecosystem. D．We can’t enjoy the summer ocean waves without sharks. 10．What’s the main reason for killing sharks? A．Just for fun. B．Just for their fins. C．For their delicious meat. D．For the restaurants’ development. 11．Who helped California decide to ban the sale and possession of shark fin soup? A．Wild Aid and other organizations. B．Jackie Chan. C．Ang Lee. D．Steven Spielberg. 12．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The hunting of elephants in search of ivory tusks. B．Demand for high-end products that rely on killing animals. C．Products coming from hunting elephants, tigers and rhinos. D．The global movement to protect wildlife and stop the trade of wildlife products. Passage 09 （23-24高二下·辽宁鞍山·期中）The days of having to remember your ID could soon be a thing of the past. The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. The technology is thought to be up to 99. 77 percent accurate and able to distinguish people better than a human. Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. Baidu, a web firm often referred to as “Chinese Google”, created the system. When people now check in to their accommodation, they will have their photo taken and uploaded to a central database upon leaving and re-entering the town, the system will re-check that they are still a guest at a hotel, before allowing them back in. The technology is being used to track the 5,000 visitors that stay in the town’s hotels every day. Yuan Qing lin, director of the Institute of deep Learning at Baidu, told The Verge, “With our technology, you don’t need to give your ID．When you are approaching a gate, it will take a photo of you and compare that photo to the database.” Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying. Baidu’s system is based on neural networks, which can process huge amounts of data-more than one billion faces. As well as recognizing faces, the system can discover facial movements, so it can’t be fooled by holding a mask. Baidu is also using the software for employee entry at its Beijing headquarters. 13．What can be learned about the facial recognition technology from the passage? A．The technology could soon be a thing of the past. B．The technology can match visitor’s faces with those in the database. C．The technology can be over 99.77% accurate. D．The technology is being used to track where the 5000 visitors are going. 14．Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “stunning” in paragraph 2? A．humorous B．awkward C．attractive D．funny 15．Why has Wuzhen quit using ticket-entry system? A．Because the tickets were too expensive. B．Because some people shared their tickets to avoid paying. C．Because the tickets didn’t sell well. D．Because the system can be fooled by someone without a mask. 16．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese tourist town Wuzhen is using facial recognition. B．Baidu, a web company, is using the recognition system. C．Facial recognition is widely used in China. D．Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with many visitors going there to see the system. Passage 10 （23-24高二下·吉林·期中）To produce the classic clothing, blue jeans, producers rely on indigo dye (靛蓝染料), the only molecule known to provide jeans’ unique, beloved color. While indigo itself naturally comes from a plant, growing demand for blue jeans throughout the 20th century gave rise to synthetic (合成的) indigo, which is now more commonly used. Indigo is the dye that makes jeans blue, but it doesn’t mix with water. To dye clothes, usually, chemicals are needed to make the color stick to the cloth. But in Denmark, scientists have created a new way to dye clothes using an enzyme (酶), which is a kind of protein that can cause chemical reactions, instead of harmful chemicals. This new method is better for the environment and doesn’t use poisonous stuff. The chemical process for dyeing blue jeans has persisted for the last century. Workers are exposed to the poisonous chemicals, which also pollute the environment near factories. Waste water from those factories often ends up in waterways, damaging local ecosystems and even dyeing rivers blue. Ditte Hededam Welner, the study’s lead researcher, says their new enzyme works really well and is strong enough for making lots of jeans without breaking down. This enzyme makes dyeing with indican, which is like indigo, much less harmful to the planet — about 92% better than the old way. However, the new method doesn’t fix all the environmental problems of making jeans. Making a single pair of jeans uses a lot of water — enough to fill many bathtubs — from growing the cotton to putting the final touches on the jeans. Even though the new dyeing process is better for the environment, it’s not always easy or cheap to change to it. Welner’s team isn’t sure if jeans companies will find it easy or affordable to switch to this method. It costs a little bit more — just seven cents extra per pair of jeans — to use the enzyme for dyeing. But Welner believes it’s worth it because it’s much better for the environment. 17．Why was synthetic indigo created in the 20th century? A．It made jeans’ color unique. B．It was easy to dye cloth with it. C．People liked jeans made from it. D．People were in greater need of jeans. 18．Which is an advantage of the new method? A．The colour is more beautiful than the synthetic indigo. B．The market can keep stable goods supplies. C．The dye is more environmentally friendly. D．Enzyme facilitates the advance of science. 19．What makes Welner worried about the new method? A．Environmental benefits. B．Production costs. C．Water consumption. D．Laborer shortage. 20．What can be the best title for the text? A．Eco-Friendly Innovation: Enzyme Dyeing For Jeans B．Water Usage In Cotton And Jeans Manufacturing C．The History Of Indigo Dye In Jeans Production D．Challenges: New Styles Of Jeans Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）Most of us would like to be more creative, but we assume there is little we can do about it. Psychology professor K. Anders Ericsson claims that with enough practice, any of us can become experts. However, he is quick to add that this requires a specific kind of practice that Ericsson calls “deliberate practice”, that is, pushing beyond one’s comfort zone and setting goals that are above one’s current level of performance. He says he has yet to find the limits on being successful and he doesn’t believe them to be real. Ericsson has looked primarily at artistic and athletic skills, but can these findings apply to creativity? Most experts agree that even if most people cannot hope to become creative geniuses, they can learn to become more creative through practice. Psychologists claim that there are actually two levels of creativity, which they refer to as “Big C” and “small c”. “Big C” creativity applies to breakthrough ideas, ones that may change the course of a field or even history. “Small c” creativity refers to everyday creative problem solving, like creating a new recipe or improving a process, which psychologists subdivide further into similar and different thinking. Similar thinking involves examining all the facts and arriving at a single solution. In contrast, different thinking involves coming up with many possible solutions. What most people think of as creativity generally involves different thinking and can be taught, practised and learnt. Even with practice, different thinking alone cannot make one creative, however. Scott Barry Kaufman, a cognitive psychologist, says that most creative people share one personality quality: openness to new experience. Since this quality and these processes have been identified, less creative people can try to emulate them. Normally, we tend to reproduce what we already know because creative ideas move us into unfamiliar territory involving risks and following the usual behaviors is comfortable. Moving outside of our comfort zone, engaging indeliberate practice and tolerating contradictory ideas, risk and failure are all things we can learn to do better. It is unlikely that doing so will transform any of us into creative geniuses, but it does have the potential to increase our level of creativity. 21．What does Ericsson think of the limits of success? A．Success is determined by talent. B．Success has little to do with goals. C．There exist no restrictions to success. D．Success is only possible in some fields. 22．Which of the following is an example of “small c”? A．Settling in outer space. B．Building a plastic doghouse. C．Developing robots for medical treatment. D．Explaining the theory of evolution in class. 23．What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Defend. B．Limit. C．Assess. D．Copy. 24．What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A．We can learn to be more creative. B．Life is full of various challenges. C．It’s better to take deliberate practice. D．Most people can become creative geniuses. Passage 12 （23-24高二下·浙江·期中）Every afternoon for the past 11 years, 83-year-old AI Merritt has been a reliable and cheery presence in his southeast Carlsbad neighbourhood, California. His wife, Penny Merritt said her husband’s doctor suggested he get more exercise after he had some heart trouble about 12 years ago. When their son, Kevin brought a bike to his parents’ house, AI started to pedal around the local road and hills. At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and gradually the length of his outings grew due to all the social stops — from an hour to two hours. Since 2010, Merritt has been on a personal pursuit to cycle the circumference (周长) of the earth — 24,901 miles without even leaving his own neighbourhood. As a result, over the years, he got to know many of his neighbours and send them message of love and kindness. Judy Keene, one of his neighbours, has been waving to Merritt on his daily rides for the past five years. “He is so reliable, like clockwork. Every day I see him flying by on his bike. He is totally cheerful and takes time with everybody,” Keene said. “He inspires so many people and shows everyone how you can be in your 80s and still have a good time.” It was not until October 24 that the old man finally realized his daily bicycle trips were as important to them as they were to him. At 3 p.m. that Sunday afternoon, nearly 200 people gathered near his home to surprise and congratulate him on the completion of his “round-the-world” adventure. As he pedaled down the hill towards his house, a roar erupted from the crowd waving international flags, hand-painted signs and Earth-shaped balloons. The outpouring of love stunned and overwhelmed Merritt. “It’s just unbelievable. I couldn’t have imagined anything like this ever happening,” he said. Although Merritt has now accomplished his cycling goal, he has no plans to change the routine that has become the highlight of his daily life. 25．Why did old AI Merritt start to cycle? A．He has always been an athletic person. B．His son Kevin brought him a new bike. C．He wanted to send love and kindness to others. D．He was advised to work out for the sake of his health. 26．The underlined phrase “social stops” in the second paragraph probably means ________. A．Merritt stopped to help those in need B．Merritt tried to help build stops for social use C．Merritt had interactions with his neighbours D．Merritt was stopped for some social reasons 27．What can we learn about AI Merritt in the text? A．His trips mattered more to his neighbours than to him. B．He was warmly congratulated on his completion of the plan. C．He will keep on cycling on a different route as he has planned. D．He accomplished his goal of cycling 24,901 miles around the earth. 28．Which of the following can best describe AI Merritt? A．Diligent and determined. B．Optimistic and selfless. C．Ambitious and romantic. D．Kind and inspirational. Passage 13 （23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）Once the stuff of sci-fi fantasy, robots and robotic technology are now used in many aspects of daily life, ranging from manufacturing to medicine and everything in between. While humanity is still far from having robot servants at home, robots are commonly used on production lines in factories, and even for specific movements during operation. Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees. The decision to create autonomous foresters came after Milrem realized that its technology, which had been developed for military use , could be useful in other areas. “We started looking into what else we could do with these unmanned robots”, Mart Noorma, director at Milrem, told Research Estonia. “Together with our partners at universities and public offices, we realized that we could be helpful in automating many industries.” The robots, which resemble mini tanks , operate in pairs. One robot works as a planter , putting down as many as 380 young trees in as little as six hours. During the planting stage, the robot records the exact location of each young tree. The other robot follows its path, cutting vegetation and cutting brush, so that the newly planted trees can thrive. To navigate their surroundings, the robots use LiDAR and GPS systems. LiDAR uses laser technology to create a three-dimensional geometric map of the environment. Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy. The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet. 29．Why did Milrem decide to repurpose its technology? A．To make more money. B．To help in medicine. C．To create a big brand. D．To protect the environment. 30．How many young trees can a robot plant in an hour? A．About 50. B．About 63. C．About 190. D．About 380. 31．What can we infer from the fifth paragraphs? A．LiDAR makes it easier to identify the trees. B．The robots will improve the environment around the plants. C．The map’s accuracy results from high resolution camera systems. D．The tree planting robots are bound to be widely used soon. 32．What may be the author’s attitude towards robot foresters? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving. Passage 14 Passage 25（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）I grew up in a 15-minute city. Or really, to be more precise, I grew up in a 15-minute neighborhood in a city that was packed with them. The New York essayist A．J. Liebling dismissed. Chicago in the 1950s as an endless and boring stretch of “factory, town main streets”. He didn’t realize it, but he was paying the city a compliment (赞美). Every one of those streets was the capital of a small world in which a few thousand residents could meet all of their regular needs - physical, social and spiritual - within the space of 15 minutes. I can’t help finding it ironic (讽刺的) that in the 21st century some of the best minds in urban planning are trying to design the car t of communities that used to exist without anybody inside having to give them the slightest thought. But they are working hard at the task, and they are winning supporters. The 15-minute-city movement was born, or I should say reborn, in Paris, where Mayor Anne Hidalgo built her successful 2020 reelection campaign on the 15-minute goal, and she has done quite a bit to foster (促进) it. Hidalgo is creating 900 miles of bike lanes in the city. She has banned car traffic from some of the pathways along the river Seine. She is changing schoolyards throughout the city into round-the-clock public playgrounds. What exactly makes a 15-minute city, anyway? And is it a new idea or just a slogan? I’m in favor of this goal. But it may not be so simple. Most people that I know are pretty unwilling to walk a full mile to handle an errand (差事). That’s why some critics have said that if we are talking exclusively (专门地) about walking, the idea of a 5-or 10-minute city might be more realistic. It will also be much more difficult to achieve, to say the least. In fact, we have 15-minute cities right now - we can get in our cars and reach most of our desired destinations with a 15-minute drive. Of course, that’s precisely what we need to stop doing, for a variety of environmental and social reasons. 33．What was Chicago like in the T950s? A．It had too large a population. B．It was famous for a neighborhood in it. C．It was the academic center of many essayists. D．It was full of well-functioned small communities. 34．What are urban planners devoted to doing now according to the author? A．Repurposing abandoned communities. B．Designing communities similar to those in the past. C．Collecting community designs from the public. D．Publicizing their ideas of community expansion. 35．What does the author think of a 15-minute city? A．It will be hard to achieve. B．It is innovative and practical. C．It will be popular with Americans. D．It is based on a 5-or 10-minute city. 36．According to the author, which one is an important feature of a 15-minute city in the21st century? A．Residents are encouraged to drive their own cars. B．Residents have a closer relationship with each other. C．It promotes a fast-paced lifestyle. D．It is friendly to the environment. Passage 15 （23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中）On the corner of the busiest crossroad in Omaha, Neb., there’s a square building, wrapped on two sides with a flashing LED signboard promoting the high-tech equipment and classes inside. “I thought it was a 3-D printer sales place,” says Frank Fu, a high school student. Earlier this year, Fu chanced upon Do Space, a technology library providing free access to powerful PCs loaded with software used by businesses and artists. There are 3-D printers and laser cutters (激光切割机). “It was exactly what I was looking for, and I never knew there was a place anywhere like it, and it turns out there’s not,” Fu says. There are no books in this library. Instead, it’s jammed with high-end technology that it provides free to the public. Taxpayers didn’t fund this library. Instead, Heritage Services, a group of Omaha contributors, donated $7 million to transform the building — which had been a Borders bookstore — and pay for computers, 3-D printers and the Internet bandwidth. Sue Morris speaks for the donors, “With 1 Gb minimum, to go up to 10 Gb, to have that in a public building that’s free,” she says. “That’s really amazing; that is unheard of anywhere. That computing power also makes it an attractive spot for startup founders. We know people run businesses out of this building, and we’re OK with that,” Morris says. Hans Bekale is among them. “This is probably the biggest dream of any developer to have a place like this,” he says. “Because this is our modern-day office.” Bekale manages his small multimedia business from Do Space. He says the technology attracted him, as well as the informal community of creative people who hang out there. “I used to be locked into my office, just sort of by myself, right? Not hearing fresh ideas,” he says. “Some of the most innovative things that I’ve thought of just happened through conversation.” Across the country, other libraries are expanding their tech options. Susan Benton of the Urban Libraries Council says the Omaha experiment takes the concept to a new level. 7．How might Fu feel upon stepping into Do Space? A．Relieved. B．Excited. C．Doubtful. D．Nervous. 8．What do we know about Morris? A．She is a startup founder. B．She knows computers well. C．She provided funds for Do Space. D．She was the owner of a Borders bookstore. 9．How does Do Space benefit Bekale? A．He is often inspired there. B．He learns basic technology there. C．He is able to meet more clients there. D．He can spend time with himself. 。 10．What is the best title for the text? A．The future of libraries lies in their tech options B．A library with no books brings technology to all C．Do Space offers free science classes to students D．Sharing scientific resources transforms a community Passage 16 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）A new form of real estate (不动产) is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast - tiny white beach huts. With good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖). African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs. Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料), leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in1900. For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN. By far, the African Penguin Nest Project has built more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species. “This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to set up at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas.“ The goal is that every penguin that needsa nest will get one.” 5．Why has so many beach huts been built based on the text? A．To beautify the beach. B．To conduct research. C．To shelter the penguins. D．To balance the ecology. 6．How many factors affect the penguin population to decrease from the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 7．What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Decline. B．Increase. C．Extinct. D．Interrupt. 8．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper? A．Culture. B．History. C．Technology. D．Environment. Passage 17 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke. Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021. The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable- based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal- based saturated(饱和的) fats were16% more likely to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke. “You need fat to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your cholesterol(胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study. A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total death rate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to the study. Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide- lines for Americans call for three servings of low- and no- fat dairy each day. 9．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 2? A．By providing examples. B．By analyzing causes and effects. C．By making comparisons. D．By following the order of time. 10．Which kind of food doesn’t contain unsaturated fats based on Paragraph 3? A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef. 11．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Stroke is concerned with the type of fat. B．People should not eat meat to keep healthy. C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life. D．Americans need three servings of dairy daily. 12．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from? A．Culture. B．Health. C．Modern. D．Character. Passage 18 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity. The astronauts, Tang Hongbo, Tang Shengjie and Jiang Xinlin, have to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft, said Zhong Weiwei, an associate researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center. Living in space about six months, a new record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong. He said the astronauts have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of over half a month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII enter the space station. The physical conditions and psychological states of the three astronauts are better than expected, meeting the requirements for a return trip, said the associate researcher from the center’s aerospace medical engineering office. Based on their in- orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said. The Shenzhou XVII mission was launched on Oct 26 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station. Besides their tasks, the crew of Shenzhou XVII paid New Year greetings to the Chinese nation on China’s space station on February 9, 2024. 3．What record did the three astronauts make in China’s history? A．They have stayed in space about half a year. B．They have adjusted their plan to keep fitness. C．They have made two live lectures from space. D．They have finished twenty scientific missions. 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The astronauts adjusted their exercise plans due to the delayed return. B．The astronauts have already arranged all equipment in the right place. C．When the Lunar New Year came, they greet the whole nation in space. D．The astronauts merely need to keep physically healthy before returning. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft will be abandoned. B．Shenzhou X VIII will be launched in late April. C．The three astronauts may stay in space until May. D．Tianzhou 7 cargo spacecraft will take off in 2025. 56．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Successful returning from space. B．Welcome the next space astronauts. C．Great achievements of astronauts. D．Preparations for returning the Earth. Passage 19 （24-25高二上·吉林长春·阶段练习）One day, there’ll be no need for you to brush your teeth by hand. Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you. It would be especially life-changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush. Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones an a toothbrush. But these bristles shape-shift to fit whatever surface they encounter. The tooth- cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁). One goes each side of the teeth. The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid. As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center. When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles. When there’s a tooth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch out as far as they want. So they push against the tooth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push into the gap. Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth. All that motion cleans the teeth. As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses. The new device is just a proof of concept. The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use. “There’s a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start.” says Steager. 7．What is special about the tooth cleaner? A．It’s water-resistant. B．It looks like a toothbrush. C．It’s appearance-changeable. D．It contains skinny bristles. 8．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The bristles’ formation. B．The working principle. C．The virus-killing process. D．The magnets’ motion. 9．How does Steager feel about the future of the device? A．Uncertain. B．Unfavorable. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 10．Which of the following would be the best title? A．A Shape-Shifting Robotic Tooth Cleaner B．Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tooth Growth C．A New Concept for Automatic Health Care D．An Antibacteria Liquid Tooth cleaner for Adults Passage 20 （23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）What makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as exclusively human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well. Among the invertebrates (无脊椎动物), octopuses (八爪鱼) are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social-group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness. Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families — grandmother, mother, and daughter — all feeding in this highly specialized way. Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark. 5．The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they _____. A．are not easy to fool B．prefer fruit to vegetables C．have a special taste for food D．have an awareness of equality 6．What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins? A．Social interaction. B．Intelligence. C．Tool using ability. D．Fun-loving spirits. 7．What makes dolphin culture special? A．They tend to hunt in groups. B．Their hunting skills are passed down. C．Their learning environment is favourable. D．Their families are typically female-controlled. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror. B．Dolphins are as intelligent as a typical 18-month-old human baby. C．Dolphins are generally regarded as the most advanced non-human species. D．Dolphins’ ability to recognize their own reflection is a higher-order mental skill. Passage 21 （23-24高二下·北京·期中）If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals — also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil banes that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had, suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were too of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 9．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A．A twisted body. B．A drop in blood pressure. C．A gradual decrease in blood supply. D．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. 10．The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______. A．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies B．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones C．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends D．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression 11．Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______. A．confirmed his assumption B．disagreed with his assumption C．changed his research objectives D．speeded up his research process 12．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______. A．failed to evolve an anti- decompression means B．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles C．gradually developed measures against the bends D．evolved an anti- decompression means but soon lost it Passage 22 （23-24高二下·河南郑州·期中）In the past months, humans have become quite familiar with the term “social distancing”. But it turns out that we are not the only ones to avoid contacting our peers when our health may be at risk: Research suggests honeybees do it, too. “It’s exciting to see that other animals are doing something analogous”, said Dr. Alessandro Cini, co-author of the research at University College London. Scientists have found that when a hive (蜂箱) of honeybees is under threat from the mite (螨虫) called Varroa destructor, which can cause the collapse of honeybee colonies, the bees will respond by changing the way they interact with one another. By examining videos recorded inside the hives, the researchers found that when hives had mites, foraging (觅食的) bees performed important dances to indicate the direction of food sources and kept themselves away from the center of the colony where young bees and the queen stayed. This may help to keep the infection at a level that can be controlled, limiting the amount of damage. “Foragers are one of the main entrance routes for the mites,” said Cini. The team then carried out experiments in the laboratory, artificially infecting small groups of about 12 young bees with the mites and comparing them to uninfected groups. This time the team found no increase in social distancing among infected groups — which, says Cini, may reflect that it is more important for foragers and young bees to keep their distance when the mites are present and that bees rely on one another. “Probably social distancing is too costly on a small scale,” he said. But there were differences in grooming (梳理) behavior: Infected bees were groomed more, inspected more, and had food shared with them more than individuals in uninfected groups. Cini said the study showed the power of natural selection in the evolution of social behavior and also dynamic change in the social behavior to adapt to an ever- changing environment. 3．What does the underlined word “analogous” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Adventurous. B．Meaningful. C．Alike. D．Creative. 4．What is the purpose of foraging bees’ keeping away from the center of the colony? A．To quickly locate the food. B．To show respect for the queen. C．To shorten the entrance route. D．To minimize the potential risk. 5．Why do honeybees keep social distancing? A．Because they’ re artificially infected. B．Because they depend on each other. C．Because they’ re compared with others. D．Because mites appear among them. 6．What is the best title of the text? A．Social Distancing in Honeybees. B．Communication between Honeybees. C．Honeybees Proved to Be More Social. D．Strict Social Rules in Honeybees. Passage 23 （22-23高二下·广西柳州·期中）Starch (淀粉) is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming. Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021. “Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient process,” Ma Yanhe, director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch. “Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” Ma told China Daily. The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convent carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol (甲醇), which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom,” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told. China Daily, Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps to 11. “The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural production to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change, a research fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times. The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food. 7．What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch? A．It’s extremely complex and inefficient. B．It’s achievable through photosynthesis. C．It’s more efficient than the natural method. D．It’s a way of dealing with global warming. 8．What’s the main idea of paragraph 6? A．The method of producing starch traditionally. B．The differences between producing starch traditionally and industrially. C．The benefits of producing starch industrially. D．The method of recycling carbon dioxide. 9．What can be learned about the breakthrough? A．It can change the way of starch production. B．It can help improve people’s health. C．It can provide astronauts with nutritious food. D．It can save farmers from traditional agriculture. 10．What can be the best title of this passage? A．Hungry for starch B．Smart with starch C．Secure about food supply D．Beneficial to food diversity Passage 24 （23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期中）Last week, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres coined a new term. The time of global warming has ended, he announced, and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. You can see why he said it. July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef, off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, “global boiling” is clearly an overstatement, but “global warming” is now far too weak a description. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t received enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis, nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and act — now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to describe this? Possibly. Take the challenge yourself: can you think up a brief, correct phrase to cover worsening local- and regional-scale (区域级的) droughts, fires, typhoons and floods; damage to crops and food safety; water shortages; existential threats to coral reefs and low-lying communities? You can see how hard it is. 5．What made Guterres use the phrase “global boiling”? A．The reviews from critics. B．The new scientific findings. C．The present serious situation. D．The future course of climate change. 6．Why did such phrases as “climate crisis” fail to attract our attention? A．None of these phrases reflect the truth. B．Fewer crises have happened in recent years. C．Many phrases haven’t been mentioned publicly. D．Certain climate disasters haven’t happened to us. 7．What does the author try to say by using “But that is changing”? A．But climate crises are worsening. B．But several crises will be solved. C．But people will face food shortages. D．But people are taking effective measures. 8．What does the author think of Guterres’ saying “global boiling”? A．It is beyond reality. B．It is just to scare people. C．It is reasonably acceptable. D．It is just to comfort the public Passage 25 （23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期中）I’ve bought many things without thinking too much in my life, but the first one that I found uneasy was a pair of Nike VaporMax shoes. It was in July 2018, and I was mindlessly tapping through Instagram updates while waiting for friends. That’s where I saw the advertisement for the shoes. The order took maybe 15 seconds. Almost as soon as I’d paid, I quickly shook off the excitement that had briefly overtaken me, $190 poorer but with one pair of shoes on their way to my apartment. I had completed some version of the online checkout process a million times before, but never could I remember it being quite so thoughtless. That experience wasn’t the result of any just-to-the-market technology. Instead, a handful of small changes to online shopping had grown into something meaningful: Advertisers were collecting stores of personal information with which to target their advertising. Retailers (零售商) were offering free shipping and free returns on everything — buy now, decide later. The widespread use of online payment shortcuts such as Apple Pay was making it unnecessary to create a new account. “Buy now, pay later” services were beginning to appear at more retailers to soften the blow of spending. In the consumer system, friction refers to anything that slows down a potential buyer on the path toward completing a buying journey. About 70 percent of online shopping carts (购物车) are left unfinished without a sale, which suggests that potential buyers can easily derail their plans to buy. Sometimes, the realization that you’ll need to get up and get your wallet is enough to prevent you from ending up with a new T-shirt. When buying something feels like making a real choice, you have more opportunities to slow down and consider whether it might be the wrong one. Even with the smoothest shopping experience, there’s still the risk of waste, of future inconvenience, of money lost in the fine print. Frictionless shopping might be convenient, in a sense, but it’s a bad system for making good decisions. 9．What happened after the author paid for the pair of Nike shoes? A．He felt a bit regretful. B．He decided to live a healthy life. C．He became very picky about shoes. D．He shared his excitement with his friends. 10．What aspect of online shopping is mainly stressed in paragraph 3? A．Its variety. B．Its convenience. C．Its personalization. D．Its competitive pricing. 11．What does the underlined word “derail” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Make. B．Show. C．Discuss. D．Stop. 12．What advice does the author probably give in the last paragraph? A．Shop online to save time. B．Only shop online for future use. C．Save money by shopping online. D．Think twice before shopping online. 题组02：培优拔高题Passage 26 （23-24高二下·江苏淮安·期中）20-year-old Edgar McGregor decided to visit his local park, Eaton Canyon, day in and day out to pick up as much litter as he could fit in two buckets (提桶). Now, over 589 days and 19,000 Twitter followers later, he is more passionate (热爱的) than ever about his task to save the planet! Edgar found out that Los Angeles would be the host of the 2028 Summer Olympic Games. Knowing the state of the national forest at the time, he feared that its grounds that were full of litter would make the city a “global embarrassment,” so he decided to make cleaning it up his new passion project. As time went on, he began documenting his progress on Twitter. Soon, he began encouraging others to start park cleanup projects of their own. As part of southern California’s Angeles National Forest, Eaton Canyon can see quite a bit of daily foot traffic. On one particularly busy day, Edgar spent five hours picking up litter and came away with over 1,000 pounds of rubbish. Rain or shine, Edgar headed over to carry out his task. He worked through conditions like snowstorms, a record heat wave, and even a forest fire on the opposite side of the park. The more he did, the more treasures he discovered. In addition to a lot of old iPhones and cans, Edgar collected enough recyclables to earn around 30 dollars every few weeks, which he would donate to nonprofits. Recently, Edgar began noticing that the top-littered areas in his park were becoming few and far between. At one point, he spent four hours moving around the park and only returned with two buckets. Edgar plans to return to Eaton Canyon two or three times a week to keep up with the maintenance, but he is excited to start expanding his reach to new locations. Though he realizes this doesn’t mean his journey is complete, he is excited to have already achieved so much! 3．Why is the 2028 Summer Olympic Games mentioned? A．To describe what made Edgar famous. B．To explain why Edgar loved Los Angeles. C．To introduce what inspired Edgar to start his project. D．To discuss why Edgar started exploring the national forest. 4．Which of the following can best describe Edgar? A．Determined and caring. B．Creative and influential. C．Talented and productive. D．Adventurous and sociable. 5．What is Edgar’s next plan? A．Encouraging others to join in his cleanup. B．Making a journey to clean Eaton Canyon. C．Cleaning up other parts of the national forest. D．Returning to the parks he has already cleaned. 6．What is the text mainly about? A．A hero for the environment. B．A way of dealing with litter. C．A local development project. D．A huge personal achievement. Passage 27 （22-23高二下·安徽马鞍山·期中）Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition (认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition (EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs — they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve center that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorizes that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects (实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors (比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 7．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 8．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their physical feelings. D．Their inner emotions. 9．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove ________. A．environment impacts how we judge others B．the mind and the body influence each other C．how body temperature is related to health D．how humans interact with their surroundings 10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC． Passage 28 （23-24高二下·广东潮州·期中）“Eat together” is a statement that doctors use regularly when they talk with families about maintaining normal weight. Children who eat regular family meals tend to have lower rates of obesity (肥胖). A new study takes a look at why. A team led by Jerica Berge asked the families of 120 children to record eight days of meals. Berge’s team sorted the interactions occurring at the table into two broad groups — those relating to the emotional atmosphere at the meal, such as how much the family members seemed to be enjoying the time together and how many uncomfortable silences occurred, and those involving food specifically, such as how many unpleasant feelings emerged from discussions about food and how much the parents controlled what and how much children ate. Children who were overweight had family meals that included more negative emotional interactions compared to children who weren’t overweight. Their meals tended to have a warmer, more communicative atmosphere. For example, these children were encouraged to eat foods to get stronger or run faster, while heavier children experienced more negative pressures including threats and being made to feel guilty about those who can’t afford to eat three meals a day. If parents talked constantly throughout the meal about food, and lectured the children about homework or attempted to control what the children ate, the youngsters were also more likely to be heavy. Also, the researchers found heavier children tended to have shorter meals. In the meantime, the current data suggests that simply sitting down at the same table at the same time isn’t enough to influence obesity. And it’s up to family doctors to help families understand how to take full advantage of having meals together. 5．What were sorted into two groups by Berge’s team? A．Foods served at three meals. B．Conversations happening during dinner. C．Features of interaction during family meals. D．Feelings emerging from discussions about daily life. 6．What did parents with non-obese children do at the table? A．They told the children to eat to get healthy. B．They talked with the children about homework. C．They asked the children to finish meals quickly. D．They lectured the children about treasuring food. 7．What kind of tip should family doctors offer families? A．Cooking delicious meals. B．Dieting in a healthy manner. C．Creating shared conversation topics. D．Making good use of dining together. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Obesity spreads across family members B．More and more children are becoming overweight C．Parents should give children freedom in food choices D．Sharing meals with parents reduces obesity in children Passage 29 （23-24高二下·广东湛江·期中）Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics (工作狂). How could a person tell that he/ she is a workaholic? A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: When work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down. Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working — or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential. There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease. Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising,since if you’re married to your work it can be difficult to be married to anything or anyone else. There have also been studies looking at their influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression (抑郁) and anxiety and a weaker sense of self. However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many,it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth, confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. 9．What can we infer about workaholics from paragraph 1? A．They usually have a life outside work. B．They put work in the first place. C．They win respect from their workmates. D．They are under pressure from work. 10．What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about? A．Bad results of workaholism. B．How hard-working people differ from workaholics. C．How people deal with their addictions. D．Reasons for being workaholics. 11．What can we do to help workaholics in life? A．Reward them for their hard work. B．Force them to join family activities. C．Help them find self-worth and confidence. D．Try to understand and support them. 12．What is the author’s attitude toward working hard? A．Curious. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. Passage 30 （23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researcher genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels, which form underground, biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food and biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows readily in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil a challenge. Shanklin says, because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 3．What can people get from duckweed firsthand? A．Plant oil B．Stable biodiesel C．Sustainable water. D．Natural heat. 4．What does paragraph 4 mainly convey? A．Options for renewable energy. B．Reasons for engineering genes. C．The potential of revolutionary energy source. D．The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 5．What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant? A．Industrial levels. B．Unique design. C．Academic research. D．Basic facilities. 6．What would be the best title for the text? A．Duckweed Power B．Duckweed Production C．Genetic Engineering D．Genetic Testing Passage 31 （23-24高二下·山东日照·期中）With its neatly arranged tables and shelves loaded with books written by women, Greta Livraria’s small space masks its big ambitions. Since opening this year, the bookstore in Lisbon has contributed its space entirely to promote a group that has, for the most part, been overlooked and undervalued by society: female authors. It is a “form of historical reparation (弥补)”, said Lorena Travassos, the founder of the store that aims to“address the longstanding gap in sales and publications faced by women”. It is the latest in a wave of bookshops that have sprung up across Europe to give voice to female authors, past and present. In Madrid, a 2017 crowdfunding campaign gave rise to Mujeres & Compañía, while in Berlin the bookshop She Said is devoted to books by female and queer authors (酷儿作家). Six years ago in Scotland, Rachel Wood launched a book subscription service, Rare Birds, in an effort to support women’s writing. Despite the fact that some of the world’s most talented writers are women, Wood had long felt that respect for women’s writing was insufficient. “I feel so passionately that women are writing such interesting and exciting things,” said Wood. “Rare Birds is an opportunity to share that with other people.” As interest in the subscription service grew—it now has members from more than 20 countries—a physical shop in Edinburgh soon followed. The shop’s 2021 opening illustrated the demand for a different kind of bookstore, and thousands of people visited on its first weekend. “Over and over, people tell us how exciting it feels to come into the bookstore and see every inch of shelf space devoted to women’s writing,” said Wood. “Visually, it’s very impactful. The space is designed to treat literal types typically viewed as “women’s interest” as equally as any other literature,” said Wood. Greta Livraria has become the heart of a community that gathers regularly at the store to celebrate its efforts to value diverse perspectives and carve out a literary landscape that better reflects society. 7．Why did Lorena Travassos found Greta Livraria? A．To create a community for book lovers. B．To provide a space for authors to gather. C．To help women writers get social attention. D．To encourage females to achieve their ambitions. 8．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Women’s writing. B．Respect for writers. C．The book subscription service. D．Rachel Wood’s feeling. 9．What can we learn from Rachel Wood’s words in paragraph 4? A．More and more women are devoted to writing. B．Physical shops’ opening has contributed to book sales. C．The status of women’s literature has greatly improved. D．Bookstores filled with female writing are gaining popularity. 10．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．New Bookstores Give Voice to Female Authors B．She Said: A Leader in Selling Female-authored Books C．Greta Livraria: A Pioneer in Promoting Literary Works D．Bookselling Campaigns Give Rise to the Diversity of Literature Passage 32 （23-24高二下·河北石家庄·期中）Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China’s Chang’e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel. Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang’e-5’s lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal- rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide. The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts’ life support system into oxygen and hydrogen. The process was powered by sunlight. The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study. The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth,” said the paper’s first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth,” said the researchers. They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design. The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China’s future manned lunar missions. 5．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists’ discovery of the moon’s soil? A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C．The moon can be lived on by humans. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 6．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A．The process of the sun producing light. B．The analysis of China’s Chang’e-5’s work. C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 7．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Contract. B．Profession. C．Possibility. D．Sponsor. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C．The research on the environmental system of the moon. D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. Passage 33 （23-24高二下·江苏南通·期中）One day, a snowstorm blanketed Washington, D．C．, the whole city became a white world. When I awoke, I immediately put on my warmest clothes and dashed outside. I wanted to build a snowman. Then I noticed I had audience — a couple with coffee cups in their hands. My face flushed (脸红) with shame as I tried to come up with an answer to their unspoken question: Don’t you have anything better to do? A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undoubtedly odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. Modern adults are suffering from excessive physical and emotional stress. We’ve held back our natural play instinct (本能), and that’s causing all kinds of problems — for ourselves, our children, and our planet. Playing suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful proto human came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks, and scientific breakthroughs. “When I interviewed Nobel Prize winners, I was struck by how most of them didn’t separate work and play. Their labs were their playgrounds,” says Stuart Brown, a play researcher. While object play occasionally results in direct applications, it has a more general benefit as well, says animal behaviorist Marc Bekoff. “Most forms of play are about preparing for the unexpected by expanding your behavioral repertoire (技能).” When animals play by themselves — such as goats jumping around and intentionally landing awkwardly — they learn two lessons: How to recover from missteps and, more generally, how to remain calm when things go sideways. When it comes to humans, as we fully transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to combine again. Some of today’s most successful companies were started by people running small business in their garages. Organizations like these understand the value of encouraging adults to play. In many cases, people aren’t needed for routine, boring tasks any more. “You need passionate people who can invent new things, who can think of new ways of doing things,” Brown says. The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say: “I am not wasting time or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’re welcome.” 9．Why does the author mention his own experience in the beginning? A．To present a fact. B．To describe a scene. C．To clarify a concept. D．To introduce a topic. 10．What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A．Modern adults are free to act on their instincts. B．Play is the driving power behind human progress. C．Humans make scientific breakthroughs by playing. D．Nobel Prize winners often separate work from play. 11．What qualities do companies most need in the knowledge-based economy era? A．Teamwork and honesty. B．Leadership and empathy. C．Innovation and enthusiasm. D．Patience and determination. 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Adults should prioritize playtime B．Adults need to make time for play C．Play can expand and correct behavior D．Play is the source of human inventions Passage 34 （23-24高二下·湖北·期中）If you use the internet, you’ve probably heard of a filter bubble (过滤气泡). Internet sites and social media platforms use algorithms (算法) that show you content based on your previous interactions, likes, and shares. Over time, this creates a filter bubble where you only see content that agrees with your interests and beliefs, which serves to convince you that your beliefs are true. But what you might not know is that in similar fashion, your brain has several mechanisms to filter information, creating personal filter bubbles that deeply shape how you live your life. Self-created filter bubbles happen through various cognitive processes, and they have multiple consequences. They shape your experience of what’s happening by forming a lens (镜片) through which you see and interpret the world. On the internet, because things are being presented based on past user history, no two people get the same results when they search for something on Google or open their news feed. In real life, no two people are experiencing an event or seeing a situation in the exact same way, because we all bring our own past experiences and biases (偏见) to situations, causing us to process them differently. Filter bubbles can cause you to stay stuck in self-created and often self-limiting patterns of thought and behavior. If you’ve ever wondered why change is so hard, it’s because your mental filter bubbles make it difficult to see different possibilities. If you hold the belief that you’re not someone who can have a high-paying job, you won’t look for one and you’ll only seek out and see jobs that match up with what you think you’re worth. Filter bubbles can also prevent critical thinking and can lead to a limited and biased view of the world, where people don’t consider alternative viewpoints and don’t engage with others outside of their own circles. When we only consume information that confirms our preexisting beliefs and values, we don’t question the truth of that information or properly evaluate the evidence. While you can’t prevent your brain from creating selective filter bubbles, you can become more aware so that you don’t have to be limited or trapped by them. 3．What can we learn about filter bubbles? A．They have little effect on us. B．They shape our interpretations of the world. C．They are frequent occurrences and have little effect on us. D．They assist us in making friends with like-minded individuals. 4．How do filter bubbles impact individuals’ ability to embrace change? A．They facilitate open-mindedness and flexibility. B．They help individuals adapt quickly to new situations. C．They prevent individuals from successfully securing a job. D．They make individuals resistant to seeking out new opportunities. 5．What might the author continue talking about? A．Barriers to overcoming filter bubbles. B．Benefits of recognizing filter bubbles. C．Ways to avoid getting trapped in the filter bubbles. D．Examples of your brain creating mental filter bubbles. 6．Which word can describe the influence of filter bubbles on people? A．Negative. B．Indirect. C．Positive. D．Unclear. Passage 35 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）By the late 1960s, painter Harold Cohen had represented Britain at important festivals with his oil paintings and was seeking a new challenge. “Maybe there are more interesting things going on outside my studio than inside it,” he thought. Cohen turned from the canvas (画布) to the screen, using computers to find new ways of creating art. In the late 1960s, he created a program named Aaron. It was the first artificial intelligence software in the world of fine art, and Cohen first presented it in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. Now, with AI filling the headlines, a new exhibition called “Harold Cohen: Aaron” at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art draws attention to Cohen’s pioneering work. The Whitney is offering something deeper than most previous Aaron exhibits: a real-time experience, in which visitors can watch the software produce art. Cohen provided Aaron with all sorts of knowledge: about basic objects, physics, and fundamental techniques of drawing. Aaron uses the given knowledge to follow instructions, complete tasks, and make decisions like human beings- a very different approach from today’s generative AI art programs. The Whitney is displaying two versions of Cohen’s software, along with the art that each of them produced before Cohen died. The 2001 version, Aaron KCAT, generates images of figures and plants and projects them onto a wall more than ten feet high, while the 2007 version produces jungle-like scenes. The software will also create art physically, on paper, for the first time since the 1990s. “It is absolutely thrilling,” said Christiane Paul, the museum’s director of digital art, “to have one of those remarkable treasures of digital art in the collection.” 7．What was Aaron born out of? A．Harold’s curiosity. B．Cohen’s imagination. C．The museum’s donation. D．The university’s support. 8．What can visitors do in the “Harold Cohen: Aaron” exhibition? A．See the original version of Aaron. B．Learn about the physical rules in art. C．Observe Aaron creating art on the spot. D．Generate images with the help of Aaron. 9．What makes Aaron different from modern AI art programs? A．Its ability to assign tasks. B．Its use of modern techniques. C．Its capability to make choices. D．Its dependence on existing database. 10．What is the text mainly about? A．The masterpieces of digital art. B．The latest technologies in the Whitney. C．Harold Cohen’s impact on generative AI. D．The first demonstration of AI in art world. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$