Unit3 The world of Science Developing ideas 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

The World of Science FRANKLIN`S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True? Developing ideas Lead-in. Read the title and think. What do you know about Franklin? Know about Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor. 美国的开国元勋之一 政治家 作家 印刷商 出版商 发明家 外交官 科学家 Who is he? It proved if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Read the passage and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove. Activity 1　Fast-­reading √ Activity 2　Careful-­reading Read Para.1 carefully and tell us the main idea. 2．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To show the authority of the author. C．To attract readers’ interest. D．All of the above. Introduction of the theme of the text. 8 Materials a kite a string a key Result He got an electric shock. Conclusion Lightning was a form of electricity. 2._____ a metal key to a string 4._____ the key with the finger 3._____ the kite during the rainstorm Attach Raise Touch 1._____ a string to a kite Tie Read Para.1 carefully and tell us the main idea. Conclusion Para. 2 The story of Franklin’s experiment Aim Materials Procedure Result Conclusion To find out __________________________________ a kite, a string, a metal key 1. ___ a string __ a kite and ______ a metal key __ the string; 2. ___ the kite during ________; 3. _____ the key with _________. A flash of lightning hits the kite and electricity is conducted through the string to the key. He gets an electric shock. The lightning is a form of electricity. whether lightning is a form of electricity Tie to attach to Fly a storm Touch the finger Materials a kite a string a key 2._____ a metal key to a string 4._____ the key with the finger 3._____ the kite during the rainstorm 1._____ a string to a kite Result He got an electric shock. Conclusion Lightning was a form of electricity. Read para.3 and para.4 and think: How much is true? Tie Attach Raise Touch Conclusion lightning flash: household current: Life Tip： 300 million Volts (3亿伏特) 120 Volts We can draw a conclusion that if we want to prove facts, brave scientific experiment scientific Benefits of the stories about exploring science. 13 √ For many years，we learn the following from the story of Franklin’s experiment EXCEPT that . A．the method of Franklin’s experiment is safe B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment C．scientific experiments are important to the truth D．the method of Franklin’s experiment is scientific Read Para.4 carefully and tell us the main idea. Not everything about the experiment is true. √ What is the purpose of the story of Newton? A．To show the accepted story is true. B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity. D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists. Read Para.5 carefully and tell us the main idea. Questioning accepted ideas. 15 What is the author’s conclusion from the story? Facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story. Read Para.6 carefully and tell us the main idea. Facts should be proved by experiments and research Read for structure Para 2 Para 3 Para 4 Para 6 Para 1 Para 5 The author’s view The story of the experiment The general public’s view on the story Scientists’ view on the story Scientists’ view on such stories The author’s conclusion Because they want to establish the fact. Why do scientists often question accepted ideas? More than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 18 1. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor. 他除了是一位成功的政治家外，还是一位杰出的美国作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交官、富有创造力的科学家和发明家。 e.g. We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach. Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops. apart from: except for 除……以外 as well as 除……以外（还）; 此外 apart from, in addition to/ besides与except 易混词(组) 用法 例句 apart from “除了……(还)”，当指“包括在内”时相当于besides，当指“不包括在内”时相当于except (for) Apart from the ending, it’s really a good film. in addition to/ besides “除了……之外”，强调除这些之外还包括其他 She understands French besides/ in addition to English. except “除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，其后可接that/ when引导的从句 He gets up early every day except Sunday. 【语境应用】选词填空。 1) Some people choose jobs for money, while other people choose jobs for reasons _____________ (besides/ except) money these days. 2) The sun is shining bright, and the wind feels soft. Everything is perfect ______________ (apart from/ besides) the traffic jam. 3) _____________________________ (apart from/besides/in addition to) Li Hua, eight students are going to take part in the sports meeting to be held this Friday. besides apart from Apart from/Besides/In addition to 2. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. 然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，不是事实。 e.g. Can we recycle the paper instead of dumping it? Let's play cards instead of watching television. instead of: in place of；rather than 而不是，代替后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。 instead of与instead 易混词(组) 用法 例句 instead of 介词短语，后面一般接名词(短语)、代词、动名词(短语)作宾语 Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased. instead 副词，单独使用 Mr Wang is ill. Mr Li will take his place instead. 【语境应用】选词填空：instead与instead of 1) He decided that he would drive all the way home ____________ putting up at a hotel for the night. 2) Jack didn’t have noodles for lunch. ___________, he had rice and fish. instead of Instead 3. The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. 这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。 that 引导的表语从句，that只起引导作用，在从句中不做成分。 fly a kite 放风筝 4. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. 他在风筝上面系了一根绳子，把风筝放上天。 本句中 “with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作定语， to do with +sb/sth+ ing done adj/adv/介短 with a piece of string tied to it是“with+宾语+宾语补足语” 的复合结构，该结构作定语，修饰the kite，动词过去分词短语tied to it作宾语补足语。 e.g. The man __________________ his chest is the headmaster of our school. 双臂交叉在胸前的那个人是我们学校的校长。 Our teacher came in _________________. 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。 _______________ the way, they started towards the village. 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。 I have to go to bed _______________. 由于没有什么事情可以做，所以我只好上床睡觉。 The city lies in a valley____________________ . 这座城市位于一个由高山环抱的山谷中。 with his arms crossed on with a book in his hand With a boy leading with nothing to do. with high mountains around it 5. A metal key was attached to the string. 细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。 attach v. to fasten, join or connect; to place or fix in position  系; 绑; 贴; 固定; 连接; 附上 to consider sth have that quality 认为……有（重要性、价值、意义等） e.g. The hospital is attached to the famous medical school. We need to attach great importance to protecting our environment. attach to 把……系在……上，把……附在……上 attach great importance/significance/value to 重视 attached adj. 依恋；依附于 be attached to 附属于；依恋/ 爱慕…… attachment n. 连接；附属物，附件；依恋，爱慕 e.g. He is so attached to the network games that he often missed the classes. Infants may form attachments to any caregiver. Please find my application letter and resume (简历) in the attachment. 30 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 I will attach a document __________ the letter. Please sign it and mail it back to me as soon as possible. 用attach, join与connect的适当形式填空。 1) The opened link is used to __________ the two ends of the chain(链条). 2) I cannot __________ the two things in my mind. 3) A horse was __________ to a post. to join connect attached approach n. 方法, 途径 靠近; 接近 6. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. 数代的学生都叹服于他的勇气和寻找真理的科学方法。 an approach to (doing) sth ……的方法；通往……的道路 at the approach of… 在接近……的时候 the approach of… ……的来临 v. 走近，靠近，接近，对付，处理 【语境应用】单句语法填空。 1) The best approach to _________ (build) up your body is to do exercise every day. 2) The approach _________ winter brings cold weather. 3) We have found a new approach _________ the study of English. 4) Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter. building of to at approach, way, means, method与manner 词条 用法 approach 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法或态度，常见于短语the approach to sth/ doing sth中 way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中，常见于in this way, the way to do sth, the way of doing sth等短语中 means 指实现目的的任何手段，或采用某种交通工具，常见于by means of等短语中 method 指有条理的、系统的方法，特别指新的方法，常见于短语the method of (doing ) sth中 manner 指特殊的或独特的方式、方法，与行为、动作有关 8. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place. More than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验发生了，但是不止一个科学家对实验真相提出了质疑。 e.g. When does your wedding take place? The general strike took place in 1923. take place: (根据计划或安排)发生 take place, happen, occur, break out 与come about 词条 用法 take place 表示按照事先的安排或计划发生、进行，多指运动、变化、进步、会议或婚礼等 happen 指某事偶然发生，常带有未能预见的意思； happen to常用来表示“遭到；遇到” occur “发生；想起”Sth occurs to sb (=It occurs to sb that …) “某人突然想起某事” break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等“突然爆发” come about “发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么发生；常用于疑问句和否定句中，多与how连用 【语境应用】 用happen, take place, occur, come about与break out的适当形式填空。 1) The idea ______________ to him in a dream last night. 2) Great changes have ______________ in our city during the past ten years. 3) How did that situation ______________? 4) A big fire ______________ last night. 5) A bad accident ______________ to that family. occurred taken place come about broke out happened take the place of 代替(动词短语) take one’s place 代替某人；就座 in place of 代替(介词短语) in place 在正确位置；准备妥当 由place构成的其他短语 9. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 有个故事讲了牛顿的头被一个掉落的苹果砸中了，这让他提出了(万有) 引力定律。有些科学家甚至质疑这个故事(的真实性)。 come up with: 想出或提出 (主意、计划、方案等) put up with 容忍 catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上 end up with 以……结束 make up with 与……和好 “动词+up with”型的其他短语 【语境应用】用come up with, put up with, keep up with与 end up with的适当形式填空。 1) My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to ______________ advances in science. 2) The party held yesterday ______________ a song. 3) It is surprising that he could ______________ such a perfect idea to improve the work. 4) I can’t ______________ her any more because she never stops complaining. keep up with ended up with come up with put up with 10. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰好砸在了他的头上。 account n. 叙述，描写 账户 引导宾语从句 引导让步状语从句 引导同位语从句 give sb. an account of 向某人描述…… on account of 由于…… take account of =take …into account 考虑到，顾及 open/close an account 开立/结清账户 account for 解释, 说明……的原因 【语境应用】选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空 1) Flights were delayed two hours _____________ the thick fog. 2) The boy was asked _______________ his being late again. 3) We finally ________________ his suggestion. on account of to account for  took account of There is a well-known story about Benjamin Franklin 1___________ has introduced generations of children to science. 2_________ new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. 3____________(prove) if lighting was produced by electricity, Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string 4_________(tie) to it . A metal key 5___________(attach) to it . When a flash of lighting hit the kite, Franklin then touched the key and got 6___________ electric shock. This proved that lighting was a form of electricity. For many years, 7________________(generation) of schoolchildren have been amazed by Franklin`s bravery and scientific approach 8_____________ looking for the truth. However, more than one scientist has questioned 9_________ really happened. They all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would 10___________(certain) have died from the electric shock. So we shouldn`t always believe everything we read or hear---- even if it is a great story. which However To prove tied was attached an generations to what certainly 直击高考 Homework Review what we have learnt and preview language points. Thank you Our future depends on you and the spirit of exploration. 44 Lavf58.76.100 Lavf58.20.100 null 204054.55 null 659.64624 $$