UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

2026-05-12
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教辅
拾光树文化
进店逛逛

摘要:

本讲义围绕富兰克林闪电实验的真实性探究这一核心知识点,通过Pre-reading图片提问激活背景知识,While-reading分“析架构、知细节、析难句”三步骤梳理文本脉络,Post-reading以思维拓展和语法填空巩固,构建“激活-理解-应用”的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养,如While-reading细节题(实验步骤排序)提升信息提取能力,难句分析强化语法应用,Post-reading开放性问题(修改实验设计)鼓励批判性思维。词汇句型解析和语法填空帮助系统掌握语言知识,课中辅助教师引导文本分析,课后通过词块默写和练习查漏补缺,提升自主学习能力。

内容正文:

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas Pre-reading Look at the picture and answer the following questions. 1.Who is he?                                                                     2.Can you share other information you know about him?                                                                     While-reading 第一步:析架构理清脉络 第二步:知细节明察秋毫 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?(  ) A.The role of the metal key. B.Franklin’s opinion about science. C.People’s different opinions on lightning. D.The purpose and process of Franklin’s experiment. 2.Which is the correct procedure of Franklin’s experiment with lightning?(  ) a.He raised a kite with a metal key attached to its string. b.Franklin touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. c.A flash of lightning hit the kite and electricity was conducted to the key. d.This proved that lightning was a form of electricity. A.a—b—c—d      B.a—b—d—c C.a—c—b—d D.b—a—d—c 3.What are people amazed by in Franklin’s story?(  ) A.His touching on the metal key. B.His bravery and scientific approach. C.The stormy weather with lightning. D.The kite with a key tied to the string. 4.Why does the author mention the story of Newton?(  ) A.To show the accepted story is true. B.To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C.To show Newton was lucky to find gravity. D.To show the accepted story is questioned by scientists. 5.Which of the following may the author agree with?(  ) A.To see is to believe. B.Every extremity is a fault. C.Imagination is the source of creation. D.Great minds think alike. 第三步:析难句表达升级 1.Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 句式分析:本句为主从复合句。Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place为Although引导的      从句,该从句中it为         ,that Franklin’s experiment took place为           ;what really happened为what引导的    从句。 自主翻译:                                                                    2.But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. 句式分析:本句为并列复合句。第二个and之前的分句为简单句;之后的分句为复合句,we read or hear为省略关系代词     的    从句,修饰先行词     ;even if it is a great story为even if引导的       从句。 自主翻译:                                                                    Post-reading 第一步:拓思维品质提升 If you could change one thing about Franklin’s experiment to make it both safe and able to prove that lightning is a form of electricity, what would you do and explain your reasons?                                                                                                                  第二步:课文语法填空   Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.Apart 1.     being a successful statesman, he was also a 2.       (create) scientist and inventor.   Benjamin Franklin 3.       (fly) a kite during a storm in 1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4.       (tie) to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite,and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key and got 5.       electric shock.   Generations of children have been amazed by his 6.       (brave)and his scientific approach to 7.       (look) for the truth.However,new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8.       really happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9.       (actual) touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.   In science, facts should 10.       (prove)by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story. FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①: How Much Is True?   Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.   [1]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句;suggests在此处意为“表明”,其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气。   [2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time, there was much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key was attached⑪ to the string.A flash⑫ of lightning hit⑬ the kite, and electricity was conducted⑭ through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑮.This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity.   For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery⑯ and his scientific approach⑰ to looking for the truth.[4]Franklin, along with⑱ many other scientists,has inspired us and taught us that scientific⑲ experiments are important in order to establish⑳ the truth and to contribute㉑ towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.   [2]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句。   [3]if引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。   [4]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句;in order to establish the truth and to contribute ...在从句中作目的状语。   However, neither the story nor the details㉒ of the experiment are entirely㉓ true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place㉔, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from㉕ the electric shock.   Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with㉖ his theory㉗ of gravity㉘.[6]In fact, more than one account㉙ suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof㉚ that it hit him on the head.   Admittedly㉛, fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit㉜ of scientific exploration㉝ than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.   [5]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句,其中that引导主语从句,it作形式主语;what引导宾语从句。   [6]本句是主从复合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that 引导的宾语从句;其中while引导让步状语从句,that it hit him on the head是that 引导的同位语从句。   [7]本句是并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句;在第二个分句中,not和always连用表示部分否定,we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词everything;even if引导让步状语从句。 ①experiment n.(科学)实验 ②generation n.一代人;同辈人 ③fiction n.虚构的事,想象的事 ④instead of 而不是;代替 ⑤fly a kite 放风筝 ⑥electricity n.电;电能 electrical adj.电的;用电的;发电的 ⑦lightning n.闪电 ⑧string n.线;细绳;一串;一系列v.悬挂;系;扎 ⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上 ⑩metal n.金属 ⑪ attach v.系,绑;贴 be attached to被固定到/附在……上 ⑫ flash n.闪光 ⑬ hit v.(hit, hit)打;击;碰撞 ⑭ conduct v.传导(热、电) ⑮ electric shock 电击,触电 ⑯ bravery n.勇气 brave adj.勇敢的 ⑰ approach n.方式;方法;接近 v.靠近;接近 ⑱ along with 与……一起 ⑲ scientific adj.科学(上)的 scientific experiment 科学实验 ⑳ establish v.确定,证实;建立,创立 establishment n.创立;建立;建设 ㉑contribute v.贡献;捐赠;捐助 contribute towards 有助于,为……做贡献/捐助 ㉒detail n.细节;琐事;消息 ㉓ entirely adv.完全地,彻底地 entire adj.完全的;整个的 ㉔ take place 发生 ㉕ die from 死于 ㉖ come up with 提出;想出 ㉗theory n.学说,理论 ㉘gravity n.重力,引力 ㉙ account n.记述,描述v.认为是;视为  account for 解释;说明 ㉚ proof n.证明,证据 prove v.证明,证实 ㉛ admittedly adv.诚然,确实 ㉜ spirit n.精神,心灵;情绪,心境 ㉝exploration n.探索;探究;探测 explore v.探索;探究;探测 富兰克林的实验:有多少是真的?   本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而,新的研究显示,这个故事可能是虚构的,而并非事实。   这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国的开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时,不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生,还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳,把风筝放上天,细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝,电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上,富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥匙,感受到了电击。他说,这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。   许多年来,富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。   然而,不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事,不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的,但科学家们一致认为,如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙,他必定会被电死。   科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑,以求证事实。一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事:一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋,促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。   诚然,虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励,而非事实本身。但在科学领域,能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实,我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.         触电;电击 2.        以……而出名;被称为…… 3.        放风筝 4.        除了……外 5.        引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界 6.        对……感到惊奇 7.        被附在……上 8.        一道闪电 9.        证实真相 10.        与许多其他科学家一起 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.However,                          are entirely true. 然而,不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。 2.But scientists all agree that                          , he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但科学家们一致认为,如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙,他必定会被电死。 3.In fact, more than one account suggests that                                               , there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 核心词汇集释 1.declaration n.声明,宣告 教材原句 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. 本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790年)是美国开国元勋之一,并帮助起草了《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》。 【用法】 declare v.      宣布,宣称;声明 declare war on ... 对……宣战 declare against/for 声明反对/支持…… declare sb/sth (to be) +名词/形容词  宣布某人/事为…… declare that ... 宣布/表明…… 【佳句】 When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy. 他们向他征求意见时,他声明强烈反对这项政策。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①In 1941, the United States declared war       Japan after the Pearl Harbor attack. ②Many people declared       the new tax policy because they thought it was unfair. 【写美】 完成句子 ③教练宣布篮球队赢得了冠军,这让所有学生欢呼雀跃。 The coach                                   , which made all the students cheer with joy. (学校生活) 2.attach v.系,绑;贴;使依恋;重视 教材原句 ①A metal key was attached to the string.细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。 ②(北师大必修一) Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 然后,在我们的大门上倒贴“福”字。据说,“福”倒即福到。 【用法】 (1)attach sth to ... 把某物连接到/附在……上 attach oneself to ... 依附……;缠着…… attach importance/significance/value to ...重视;认为……重要/有意义/有价值 (2)attached adj. 喜爱的;依恋的;附属的 be attached to 被连接到……;爱慕;附属于 (3)attachment n. 附件,附属物 【佳句】 Remember to attach the label to the package before sending it. (告知信) 寄包裹之前记得把标签贴在包裹上。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①Please check the       (attach) for more detailed information about the project. ②The little boy attached himself      his mother all day long, as he was afraid of strangers. 【写美】 完成句子 ③海洋不仅为我们提供充足的食物,而且维持自然的平衡。因此,人们对海洋保护十分重视。 Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food, but it also maintains the balance of nature. So people                             . 3.along with 与……一起 教材原句 ①Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。 ②(人教选必三)A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 海洋和大气变暖,以及冰层融化、海平面上升,都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 【用法】 当with, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to, rather than, including等连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与前面的名词或代词保持一致。 【佳句】 He won the competition, along with several other excellent players, and received a medal.他赢得了比赛,和其他几位优秀的选手一起获得了奖牌。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①The book, together with the magazines,       (be) on the table in the library. ②The dog, rather than the cats,       (like) to play with the ball in the yard. 【写美】 完成句子 ③第一天,我和我的父母将一起坐飞机去三亚。 I                             Sanya on the first day. 4.account n.记述,描述;报道;账户 v.说明;解释 教材原句 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 【用法】 (1)account for   是……的原因;导致;占……(比例) (2)on account of 由于,因为 on no account 决不(置于句首,句子用部分倒装) (3) take account of=take ...into account/consideration 考虑…… 【佳句】 When choosing your major, you need to take your interests and career plans into account. (建议信) 在选择专业时,你需要考虑你的兴趣和职业规划。 【练透】 单句语法填空 ①In our school, girls account       about 40% of the total students. ②The sports meeting was postponed      account of the bad weather. 【写美】 词汇升级/同义句转换 ③I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. →I sincerely hope that you will                          . ④You should on no account leave the door unlocked. →                   the door unlocked.(倒装句) 重点句型解构 1.句型公式: neither ...nor ... 连接并列成分 教材原句 ①However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 然而,不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。 ②(人教必修三)Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 【用法】 neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。 (1)neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时,应遵循“就近一致”原则。 (2)若将neither ...nor ...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither ...nor ...改为both ...and ...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。 (3)neither可以单独使用,作主语,表示“两者中没有一个”。 (4)当表示“一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事”时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为:Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。 【写美】 微写作 ①老师和学生们明天都不去公园。                              going to the park tomorrow. ②昆明是一个美丽的城市,那里一年四季都不太热也不太冷。 Kunming is a beautiful city, where it’s                    all the year around. ③如果乔的妻子不去参加聚会,他也不去。 If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party,                         . 2.句型公式: 虚拟语气 教材原句 But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock. 但科学家们一致认为,如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙,他必定会被电死。 【用法】 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (1)与现在事实相反时,从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were),主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 (2)与过去事实相反时,从句谓语用过去完成时,主句谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 (3)与将来事实相反时,从句谓语用一般过去时(be用were)/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形,主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 【佳句】 If you had followed my advice at the beginning of the project, you wouldn’t have run into trouble. 如果你在项目开始时听从了我的建议,你就不会陷入困境了。 【写美】 微写作 ①如果我是你,面对这么难的问题时,我会向老师求助。 If       you, I                    when facing such a difficult problem. ②要是没有你帮我学英语,我就不可能通过考试。 If you              with my English, I                         the exam. (感谢信) ③如果你明天早一点到校,你将有足够的时间读英语。 If you                              tomorrow, you                    . 3.句型公式: while 引导让步状语从句 教材原句 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上,不止一处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 【用法】 while的用法如下: (1)while 引导让步状语从句,多位于句首,意为“尽管”,相当于though/although。 (2)while引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。 (3)while连接并列句,表示对比或转折,意为“而;然而”。此时,while一般位于句中。 【佳句】 While it seems hard to change some habits, we should still try our best for a better environment.(倡议书) 尽管改变一些习惯似乎很难,但为了更好的环境我们仍应尽力。 【写美】 微写作/句式升级 ①尽管我们在学习中可能会面临许多困难,但我们必须保持积极。                                   , we must stay positive. (演讲稿) ②一些学生更喜欢在早上学习,而另一些学生喜欢在晚上学习。 Some students prefer to study in the morning,                   . ③While you are taking exercise, you must be cautious. →                 , you must be cautious.(状语从句的省略) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The       (金属的) cans can be recycled to make new products. 2.Please follow the standard operating       (程序) when using this equipment. 3.The lawyer       (起草) the contract carefully to ensure all details were included. 4.The D       of Independence marked the beginning of a new era for the country. 5.The students conducted an e       to test the effects of temperature on plant growth. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.                          (我姐姐和我都不感兴趣) playing computer games. 2.                 (他如果听我的劝告的话), he would not have made such a mistake. 3.                   (尽管这项任务具有挑战性), we should never give up easily. 提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ 12 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅲ Developing ideas 【文本透析·剖语篇】 Pre-reading 1.Benjamin Franklin. 2.He invented the lightning rod, a protective device designed to protect buildings from being damaged by electrical discharges. While-reading 第一步 1.fiction 2.electricity 3.kite 4.metal 5.lightning 6.has been taught 7.entirely 8.inspired 9.spirit 10.facts 第二步 1-5 DCBDA 第三步 1.让步状语 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语 虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事,不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。 2.that 定语 everything 让步状语 但在科学领域,能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实,我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。 Post-reading 第一步 I would set up a camera and some sensors near the kite and the key. The sensors can detect the electricity, and the camera can record the whole process. I would stay in a safe place far away and control the experiment with a remote device. This can prove the result of the experiment without putting myself in danger. 第二步 1.from 2.creative 3.flew 4.tied 5.an 6.bravery 7.looking 8.what 9.actually 10.be proved 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.an electric shock 2.be known as ... 3.fly a kite 4.apart from 5.introduce generations of children to science 6.be amazed by/at 7.be attached to ... 8.a flash of lightning 9.establish the truth 10.along with many other scientists Ⅱ.1.neither the story nor the details of the experiment 2.if Franklin had actually touched the key 3.while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①on ②against ③declared that the basketball team had won the championship 2.①attachment ②to ③attach great importance to ocean protection 3.①is ②likes ③along with my parents am taking a flight to 4.①for ②on ③take my suggestions into account/take account of my suggestions ④On no account should you leave 重点句型解构 1.①Neither the teacher nor the students are ②neither too hot nor too cold ③neither/nor will he 2.①I were;would ask the teacher for help ②hadn’t helped me;couldn’t have passed ③came/should come/were to come to school earlier;would have enough time to read English 3.①While/Though/Although we may face many difficulties in our study ②while others like to study at night ③While taking exercise 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.metal 2.procedure 3.drafted 4.Declaration 5.experiment Ⅱ.1.Neither my sister nor I am interested in 2.If he had taken my advice 3.While/Though/Although the task is challenging 12 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)
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UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)
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UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)
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