期末语法及练习 2024-2025学年人教版（2024）七年级英语下册

新人教2024英语 七年级下全册 语法专项复习及练习题 一、代词 1. 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 我 I me 我的 my mine 你 you you 你的 your yours 他 he him 他的 his his 她 she her 她的 her hers 它 it it 它的 its its 复数 我们 we us 我们的 our ours 你们 you you 你们的 your yours 他们 they them 他们的 their theirs 1）人称代词（主格/宾格）的用法： a) 人称代词主格在句子中做主语成分，放在动词前面，如： She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。 We are students. 我们是学生。 They come from China. 他们来自中国。 b) 人称代词宾格在句子中做宾语或表语成分，放在动词或介词后面，动宾/介宾结构。 如：Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗？ 注意事项： ① 分清楚指代名词的单复数； ② 要分清人名的性别； ③ 要注意名词词组中的中心名词；例：my brother’s name 用 it 代替； 2）物主代词（形容词性物主代词）的用法： a) 形容词性物主代词用来修饰名词，放在名词前面，相当于形容词，不能单独使用，如： My grandpa goes fishing every weekend. 我爷爷每周末都会去钓鱼。 This is his watch. 这是他的手表。 b) 名词性物主代词，相当于名词的用法，其后不再接名词，可做主语、宾语或表语； 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + n. 速记口诀： ① 有名填形；无名填名； ② 形变名很容易，添个 s 就可以；his, its 不用变，my 变 mine 要记清。 练习题： 1．Do you see (I) red dress, Mum? I can’t find it. 2．—How do you spell (you) name?—F-U, Fu. X-I-N-G, Xing. 3．The monkey is 40 cm tall, (it) tail is about 30 cm long. 4．What colour is (he) uncle’s house? 5．Ella’s cap is in (she) schoolbag. 6．The white building on the left of the playground is (they) library. 7．My mom asks my brother to make (he) bed. 8．It is (I) first time to visit Nanjing Library. 9．We must clean up (we) classroom before going home. 10．Nancy is (they) English teacher. 11．Those are (we) math books. 12．It is pencil. It’s on the desk. (he) 13． music festival is in October. (we) 14．My eraser is in my pencil case. This one is (you). 15．This is not my watch. is made in China. (I) 二、名词 （一）名词的分类 分类 定义说明 示例 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词（人或事物的个体名词） boy 男孩；girl 女孩；book 书； 集体名词（一些人或事物的总称） people 人们；family 家人 不可数名词 物质名词 water 水；meat 肉；paper纸 抽象名词 homework 家庭作业 专有名词 人名、地名、国名 Bill；Mandy; Shadow 机构、组织、团体 the WTO； 月份、星期、节日 May；Monday；Mother’s Day （二）可数名词 1、可数名词的单数变复数规则变化 规则 读音 例子 1.一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ book→books, tip→tips 在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/ car→cars,pig→pigs 在t后,一起读/ts/ coat→coats,student→students 在d后,一起读/dz/ word→words,hand→hands 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es 发音为/ɪz/ glass→glasses, box→boxes, 3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-es 发音为/vz/ leaf→leaves, knife→knives 4.以y结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es 一般ies读/ɪz/ baby→babies, city→cities 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s 发音为/z/ toy→toys,boy→boys, 5.以o结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的本族词,加-es 发音为/z/ hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes 以“元音字母+o”结尾或以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词、缩写词等,加-s 发音为/z/ photo→photos, piano→pianos 2、可数名词复数的不规则变化 （1）改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 ：man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth （2）单复数形式相同： sheep, deer, fish, Chinese （3）只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复数形式连用：trousers, clothes, glasses, sunglasses （4）形式上为复数,但意义为单数,与谓语动词的单数形式连用：news,maths （5）一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义上为复数：people, police, cattle(家畜), staff(工作人员)3、 （三）不可数名词 1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。 2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。 3.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如: A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass表示“玻璃杯”,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意为“玻璃”,是物质名词,是不可数的。) 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 paper 报纸,试卷,论文 纸张 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 weight 砝码,秤砣 体重 fish 鱼 鱼肉 orange 橘子 橙色,橙汁 exercise 练习 锻炼 room 房间 空间 experience 经历 经验 4.不可数名词的量 不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如: a piece of paper一张纸　　 two pieces of paper 两张纸　　 a cup of tea 一杯茶 　 five cups of tea 五杯茶 　　 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁 　 　 four bottles of juice 四瓶果汁 此时,谓语动词的单复数由量词的单复数确定 Eg: A cup of orange is on the desk. 桌子上有一杯橙汁。 Eg: There are three pieces of bread on the desk. 桌子上有三片面包。 5不可数名词做主语时，一律看作单数，用代词 it 代替，谓语动词用单数。 ⭐以s结尾，仍为单数形式的名词 maths，politics，physics等的学科名词，谓语动词用单数。 news为不可数名词。 the United States, the United Nations单数形式的名词 （三）名词所有格 1） ’s所有格：在名词末尾加上’s，表示“……的”。以s/es结尾的复数名词，直接加’，如： the girl’s father；the teachers’ office 2） of所有格：of加名词，表示“……的”（一般加无生命的名词），如： the door of the room 房间的门 练习题：用已给单词否适当形式填空 1．There are many playing in the park. (child) 2．—Are there any (box) in the boy’s hands? —Yes, there are. 3.________(wolf) look for food by smelling and listening 4．The __________ (whale) are huge, but they are friendly.  5．Look at those ______ (fox). They are so cute. 6．You can see some (sheep) on the farm. 7．Remember to brush your (tooth) every day to keep them clean. 8．In our group, we always work out (problem) together. 9．There are many big (factory) in our city. 10．The (giraffe) have long necks. They eat leaves on the trees. 三、冠词:不定冠词：a/an 定冠词：the 1、不定冠词a/an的用法：（a+辅音音素；an+元音音素） 1） 表示“一”的数量，相当于“one”，如：a pen；an apple 2） 表示一类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，如：He is an English teacher. 3） 表示泛指一类人或事物，如：An apple a day keeps doctor away. 2、定冠词the的用法： 1） 特指说话人和听话人都清楚的人或事物，如：Read the book. 2） 用于上文提到过的人或事物，如：Mr. Smith has a car. The car is blue 3） 用于世界上独一无二的事物的名词前，如：the sun; the moon 4） 用于复数姓氏前，表示一家人或夫妇，如：The Smiths go to the park every weekend. 5） 用于序数词之前，如：the first building 6） 固定搭配，如：play the guitar/violin/piano/drums; the same；on the right/left；in the middle 3、零冠词：不用冠词 短语搭配：play chess/basketball/football/volleyball/ping-pong 4、 形容词和副词 （一）形容词（adj.） 1. 作定语，修饰名词或代词one/ones, 一般位于被修饰词之前。 1 这是一本有趣的书。 This is an____________________ book. ② 我只有一只小手提包。我想要买一些大的。 I only have a small handbag. I want to buy some ___________ ones . 注意：当形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词如something、anything、somewhere、anywhere 等词，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。不定代词+形容词，定语后置。 ③ 我有重要的事情要告诉你。I have___________ ____________ to tell you. ④ 机器有什么问题吗？Is there ____________ __________ with the machine? ⑤ 今天报纸上有些新鲜事。There is___________ ____________in today's newspaper. 2.作表语，位于连系动词之后，构成系表结构，，描述主语的状态或特征，或说明主语的情况。 系动词+形容词 他们很漂亮。They are beautiful. 他看起来很快乐。He seems happy. 感官动词+形容词：感官动词（如feel, look, sound, smell, taste等）后常接形容词作补语，描述主语或宾语通过感官感知到的状态。例如： ① 这食物尝起来很美味。The food ______________ _______________. ② 我的妈妈看起来很年轻。My mother ______________ _______________. ③ 这音乐听起来很美。The music ______________ _______________. 3.用作补语。 动词+形容词+宾语：在某些动词后，形容词可以作为补语来描述宾语的状态。这种结构通常用于表示宾语经历了某种变化或达到了某种状态。例如： ① 我发现这本书很有趣。I found the book______________________. 使役动词+宾语+形容词：使役动词（如make, keep, let, have等）后接宾语和形容词补语，表示使宾语处于某种状态。例如： ② 他们让门开着。 They kept the door _________________. ③ 她把头发剪短了。She cut her hair _____________. （二） 副词(adv.) 在句中的语法功能：副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句，表示时间、地点程度、方式等概念 1. 修饰动词, 表示时间、地点程度、方式等概念. I really like skateboarding. 2. 程度副词表示程度，常用来修饰形容词、副词。 本单元出现的程度副词主要有kind of, very, really, so等。在运用程度副词时，very 和really语气更强；kind of程度轻，相当于a little；而really语气较重，它还能表示说话者发自内心的感受，意思是“真正地”。 ① 熊猫有些有趣。 Pandas are________________________. ② 猪非常懒惰。 Pigs are_________________________. ③ 考拉是如此可爱。 Koalas are______________________. ④ 我认为老虎真的很可怕。 I think tigers are__________________. ⑤ 我的狗小花是一条很大的狗，但是一点也不吓人。 My dog,Xiaohua,is quite a___________ dog,but she is not _________________. 频度副词是副词的一种，表示事情发生的频率。常用的频度副词有alway、susually、often、sometimes、seldom(hardlyever)、never等，它们在频度上的差异为: always > usually > often > sometimes > seldom (hardly ever)> never 频度副词通常放在实义动词前面。如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或系动词be，频度副词通常放在这类动词之后。例如: I always play tennis near my house. We usually practise three times a week after school. I often go swimming because it keeps me healthy. 对频率副词提问用how often多久一次。 五、情态动词can、have to 和 must 的用法 1.can：意为 “可以；能”，表示请求或许可，如 You can't run here.（你不能在这里跑。）；意为 “能；会”，表示能力，如 She can sing.（她会唱歌。） 2.have to：意为 “必须；不得不”，表示客观需要做的事情，有人称、数和时态的变化。don't have to 意为 “不必”。例如：It's late. She has to go home.（天晚了。她不得不回家。） 3.must：意为 “必须”，表示主观的义务或必要。mustn't 意为 “不允许；禁止”。以 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用 must，否定回答一般用 needn't 或 don't/doesn't have to。例如：They mustn't bring food.（他们禁止带食物。） 情态动词的句型结构： 1)肯 定 句：I can dance. / She can play the piano. 2)否 定 句：I can’t dance. / She can’t play the piano. (can后面加not，可缩写为can’t) 3)一般疑问句：Can you dance? / Can she play the piano? (can提到句首，一二人称互转) 4)肯定回答：Yes, I can. / Yes, she can. 5)否定回答：No, I can’t. / No, she can’t. 练习题： 1.I can go to the zoo with you after lunch.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ to the zoo with me after lunch? 2.She has to clean her room every day.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ to clean her room every day. 3. Must she clean the room now?(作否定回答) No, she ________ ________ ________. 4.I must wear my school uniform at school.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ wear ________ school uniform at school? 六、there be句型 there be句型表示的是“某处有某物”，there是引导词，没有实际意义，be的动词的选用采取“就近原则”，即根据be动词后紧接的名词单复数决定be动词的单复数。如： There is a bed and two chairs in my bedroom. 我的卧室里有一张床和两张椅子。 There are two chairs and a bed in my bedroom. 我的卧室里有两张椅子和一张床。 1、 there be句型单数形式 肯 定 句：There is a student in the classroom. 教室里有一个学生。 否 定 句：There isn’t a student in the classroom. (be动词后加not) 一般疑问句：Is there a student in the classroom? (be动词提到句首) 肯定 回答：Yes, there is. 否定 回答：No, there isn’t. 2、 there be句型复数形式 肯 定 句：There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。 否 定 句：There aren’t any students in the classroom. (be动词后加not, some变any) 一般疑问句：Are there any students in the classroom? (be动词后加not, some变any) 肯定 回答：Yes, there are. 否定 回答：No, there aren’t. 七、祈使句 1.肯定结构 Do 型：动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如：Come in, please.（请进。） Be 型：Be + 表语 (+ 其他)。例如：Be quiet, please.（请安静。） Let 型：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如：Let him go.（让他离开。） 2.否定结构 Do 型：Don't + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如：Don't litter.（不要乱扔 (垃圾)。） Be 型：Don't be + 表语 (+ 其他)。例如：Don't be late.（不要迟到。） Let 型：Don't let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他)，也可写成 Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 (+ 其他)。例如：Don't let him go. = Let him not go.（不要让他离开。） No 型：No + 名词 / 动词 - ing 形式。例如：No fishing.（禁止垂钓。） 练习题:按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1. Come in.(改为否定句) ________ ________ in. 2. You must be polite to others.(改为祈使句) ________ ________ to others. 3. Don't swim here.(改为同义句) ________ ________ here. 4. Don't let him jump the queue.(改为同义句) Let him ________ _________ the queue. 5.You mustn't talk in class.（改为同义句） ________ ________ in class. 6.You can't play football on the street.（改为祈使句） ________ ________ football on the street. 7.You must keep quiet in the library.（改为祈使句） ________ ________ in the library. 7. You are polite to others.（改为祈使句） Please ________ ________ to others. 八、时态： 一般现在时 定义：一般现在时表示现在的状态，经常性、习惯性的动作，或者主语所具备的性格和能力，如： I do my homework every afternoon. 我每天下午都会做作业。 I like having bread for my breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃面包。 句子结构 （一）主系表句子：含有be动词 用法口诀：I用am, you 用are，is跟着he/she/it, 单数is，复数are 变否定句：在be动词后面加not, is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t 变一般疑问句：把is或者are提到句首，其他依次写下来。 单数肯定句：It is in your schoolbag.(它在你的书包里。) 否定句: It isn’t in your schoolbag.(它在在不你的书包里。) 一般疑问句: Is it in your schoolbag？(它在你的书包里吗？) 肯定和否定回答：Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. （是的，它在。/不，它不在。） 复数肯定句： Some books are in the box.(一些书在盒子里。) 否定句: Some books aren’t in the box.(一些书不在盒子里。） 一般疑问句: Are any books in the box？(有一些书在盒子里吗？) 肯定和否定回答：Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t. （是的，它们在。/不，它们不在。） 含有be的缩写形式 Who is =Who’s what is =what’s he is =he’s she is =she’s it is =it’s I am =I’m they are= they’re we are= we’re you are=you’re is not =isn’t are not =aren’t (2） 主谓宾结构的句子: 1、主语非三单（I/you/we/they/ns复数） （1）肯定句：非三单主语+动词原型+宾语. （2）否定句： 主语+ don't+动词原型+宾语. （3）一般疑问句： Do+非三单主语 +动词原型+宾语？ 句首加助动词Do，变成一般疑问句, 第一人称要改为第二人称。（一加，二改，三问号？） 肯定回答： Yes， 主语对应的代词 do. 否定回答: No, 主语对应的代词 don’t. 2、主语为三单（He/She/It/n单）： 1）肯定句：主语三单+动词三单+宾语. . （2）否定句：三单主语+doesn’t+动词原形+宾语 (3)一般疑问句：Does+三单主语+动词原形+宾语？ 肯定回答： Yes， 主语对应的代词 does. 否定回答: No, 主语对应的代词 doesn’t. 主语为三单时，加助动词doesn’t/does，动词三单要还原。（助动词+动词原形） 3、主语第三人称单数包括： 1) 人称代词he/she/it，如：He is a student. 他是一个学生。 2) 单个人名/地名，如：Mike likes history. 迈克喜欢历史。 Beijing is a big city. 北京是个大城市。 3) 可数名词的单数形式，如：This story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 4) 不可数名词，如：You规则 information is useful. 你的信息很有用。 4、实义动词的第三人称单数形式的构成： 1） 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加s，如：work – works；run – runs；like -likes 2） 以ch，sh，s，x，o结尾的动词，在动词原形后面加es，如：watch -watches；do – does 3） 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es，如：fly – flies；study - studies 4） 特殊的：have-has 现在进行时 1、意义 (1)表示现在（说话时）正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 She is talking with the foreign students right now.　现在她正在和外国留学生交谈。 He is sleeping. 他正在睡觉。 (2)也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 They are studying Chinese in China these days.　这些天他们一直在中国学习汉语。 I'm reading a history book this week.本周我在读一本历史书。 2、结构 　现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式”构成。 I am reading. You are writing and he is singing.我正在读书，你正在写字，他正在唱歌。 【注意】 ①be动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。即“I后用 am,you后用 are, he/she/it后用 is。主语是单数用 is,主语是复数用 are”。 ② be 动词之后必须是动词-ing形式。 3、动词-ing形式的构成 动词类别 构成方法 示例 一般动词 在词尾加-ing help-helping play-playing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去掉字母e,再加-ing live-living 　hope-hoping 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写该辅音字母，再加-ing stop-stopping begin-beginning 少数以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y,再加-ing lie- -lying tie-tying 【记助】动词-ing形式的构成口诀 　　动词-ing 用途多，进行时态不可缺。 　　它的构成很好记，动词后面加-ing。 　　词尾若有哑音e，去e再加没问题。 　　一辅重读闭音节，末尾字母要双写。 4、与现在进行时连用的时间状语或标志词有 look, listen,(right) now, at the moment, at present等 Look! Some girls are dancing under the tree.看！一些女孩正在树下跳舞。 练习题： 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Look! The dog __________ (run) after a cat. 2. My brother __________ (not swim) now. He is sleeping. 3. —What ______ they ______ (do) at the park? —They are playing football. 4. The girl ___________ (clean) her room right now. 5. I ____________ (watch) TV. It’s very interesting. 6. Listen! Someone ____________ (knock) at the door. 7. We ____________ (have) a picnic in the garden at the moment. 8. —Where is your mom? —She ___________ (shop) at the supermarket. 9. The students ___________ (not study). They are playing games. 10. He __________ (read) a book in the library now. 二、单项选择 ( )1. —What is your sister doing? —She ______ the piano. A.plays B. is playing C. played D. play ( )2. —______ you doing your homework now? —Yes, I am. A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Can ( )3. —Hello, may I speak to John? —______. He is exercising. A. This is John B. He is busy C. I’m John D. Hold on ( )4. “at the moment” 的同义短语是 ______。 A. right now B. yesterday C. tomorrow D. last week ( )5. —What are they doing? —They ______ the beautiful night sights. A. look at B. are looking at C. looked at D. looks at ( )6. —Is your father working on the project? —Yes, ______. A. he is B. he does C. he will D. he can ( )7. —What are you doing now? —I ______ a message to my friend. A. am writing B. write C. wrote D. will write ( )8.现在进行时的时间标志词不包括 ______。 A.now B. right now C. yesterday D. at the moment ( )9.—What ______ your brother ______ now? —He is doing his homework. A. is; do B. is; doing C. does; do D. do; do ( )10.Listen! Someone ______ in the next room. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing 三、句型转换 1.She is reading a book. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______ a book? 2.They are playing basketball. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ they ______? 3.He is doing his homework. (改为否定句) He ______ ______ his homework. 4.Is she washing the dishes? (作否定回答) No, ______ ______. 5.The boys are riding bikes. (改为单数句) The ______ ______ ______ a bike.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 一、核心区别总结 对比维度 现在进行时 一般现在时 功能 表示此刻正在发生的动作或近期暂时性的情况 表示习惯性动作、客观事实或永久性状态 时间状语 now, at the moment, right now, these days always, often, every day, usually, never 动词形式 am/is/are + 动词现在分词（V-ing） 动词原形（第三人称单数加-s/es） 是否强调动作进行 强调动作的进行性和未完成性 强调动作的重复性或普遍性 二、使用场景对比 1. 现在进行时：正在发生的动作（说话时正在进行）： She is watering the flowers now. （她现在正在浇花。） Listen! The birds are singing. （听！鸟儿在唱歌。） 当前阶段的暂时情况（可能并非说话时正在发生）： I am studying for exams this month. （我这个月一直在备考。） They are building a new park these days. （他们最近在新建一个公园。） 计划好的近期安排（需搭配具体时间）： We are flying to London next Monday. （我们下周一要飞往伦敦。） 2. 一般现在时：习惯性动作（重复性行为）： I drink coffee every morning. （我每天早上喝咖啡。） He goes to the gym twice a week. （他每周去两次健身房。） 客观事实或真理： The sun rises in the east. （太阳从东方升起。） Water boils at 100°C. （水在100摄氏度沸腾。） 永久性状态或长期特征： She works as a teacher. （她的职业是老师。） They live in Beijing. （他们住在北京。） 一般现在时和现在进行时对比练习题： 一、用单词的正确形式填空 1.Daniel often___________ (watch) films with his friends at weekends. 2.Millie___________(ride) to school on her bicycle every day. 3.The big elephants always ___________ (look) after the baby ones carefully. 4.Every minute___________(count), so we should make good use of our time. 5.This book is exciting. It often ___________(touch) people’s hearts. 6.She ___________(be) from England. 7.Tom ___________(go) to the library every Sunday. 8.The panda___________(come) from China. 9.The children are___________(play) games in the garden now. 10.They___________(play) basketball on the playground now. 11.Look! The baby elephants___________(play) with each other happily. 12.People _________(cut) down too many trees, so elephants are losing their homes. 13.Look! The children___________(play) football in the park. 14.Look! The boy___________(run) on the playground. 15.Look! Some boys___________ (climb) up the tree. 二、单项选择 ( )1.Tom usually ________ up early, but he ________ late today. A. gets; gets B. gets; is getting C. is getting; gets D. is getting; is getting ( )2.The boys often ________football after school. But now they ________ basketball. A. play; play B. play; are playing C. are playing; play D. are playing; are playing ( )3.—Be quiet, please! Your grandpa ________ in the bedroom. —OK. A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. will sleep ( )4.—It's 8:00 a.m. Where is Linda? —She ________ in the gym now. She ________ for an hour every morning. A.exercises; exercise B. exercises; is exercising C. is exercising; exercises D.exercises; exercises ( )5.He usually ________ to school on foot, but now he ________ a bike. A. goes; rides B. is going; rides B. C. goes; is riding D. is going; is riding ( )6.My father usually _______TV in the evening, but now he ________a newspaper. A. watches; reads B. watches; is reading ( )7.Susie often _______ computer games after dinner but now she ________ a book. A．plays; is reading B．is playing; reads C．plays; read D．is playing; is reading ( )8.— Where are Lily and Lucy? — They _________ the house these days. A．clean B．are cleaning C．will clean D．cleaned ( )9．My mother usually________after work, but now she _______ in the gym . A． reads; exercise B．reads; is exercising C．is reading; exercises D．reads; reads ( )10.—Listen! Who ______ in the music room? —Lily and Lucy. They enjoy singing when they ______ free. A． sing; has B．is singing; are C．sings; has D．are singing; is 三、完成句子 1.The tiger eats meat. (改为现在进行时) The tiger_______ ________ meat now. 2.Linda usually swims in the evening.  (用 now 改写句子) Linda_______ ________ now. 3.They are cleaning the cage. (对划线部分提问) _______ ________ are they _______ ? 4.—彼得现在正在做什么？—________ Peter________ now? —他现在正和朋友们打篮球。_______ basketball _______his friends. 5.It’s nine o’clock. Tom is doing his homework carefully.（对画线部分提问） It’s nine o’clock. _______ Tom_______ ? 6.He is reading a book. (改为一般疑问句) ________he________a book? 7．He is reading a book in the library. (对划线部分提问) ________he_______a book? 8．My brother is doing his homework.  (改为一般疑问句) ________your brother ________his homework? 9．Tom usually eats dinner at 7:00 in the evening. (用now改写句子) Tom ________ ________dinner now. 10．Jill and her parents are listening to a CD．   (改为否定句) Jill and her parents________ ________to a CD． 一般过去时 一、定义： 1. 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 2. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 3.时间标志词: yesterday 昨天，the day before yesterday 前天 just now 刚才 ..ago…..以前twenty years ago 20年前，two days ago 2天前 in +过去年份: in 2015… last 上个 … ：last week 上周，last Monday 上周 一 二、动词变化 规则 例子 直接在动词词尾加-ed ask-asked look-looked work-worked 以字母e结尾的动词,直接在词尾加-d live-lived move- moved save-saved 以辅音字母+-y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加ed 以元音字母+-y结尾的动词，直接加ed try-tried study-studied cry-cried play-played enjoy-enjoyed stay-stayed 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped plan-planned prefer-preferred 3. 不规则变化。 ①保持原型不变 must-must let-let put-put cut-cut read-read hit-hit hurt- hurt cost-cost ② i 变成 a swim-swam sing-sang begin-began sit-sat give-gave drink-drank ③ aw/ow 变成 ew grow-grew know-knew throw-threw blow-blew draw-drew ④ ee 变 e feel-felt keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept meet-met feed-fed ⑤ i 变 o ride-rode drive-drove write-wrote ⑥ e 变 o get-got forget-forgot ⑦ 其他 am/is-was are-were has-had go-went buy-bought take-took eat-ate fall-fell see-saw tell-told can-could make-made 三、一般过去时的句型转换 1.含连系动词 be 的一般过去时（主系表） 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他 例：The weather was sunny yesterday. 否定句：主语 + was not (或 wasn't)/were not (或 weren't) + 其他 例：He wasn't at the party last night. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 例：-Were they late for school this morning? -Yes, they were. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were +(主语 +) 其他？ 例：Where were you last weekend? 2.含实义动词的一般过去时（主谓宾） 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例：They played football after school yesterday. 否定句：主语 + did not (或 didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他 例：We didn't watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't. 例：-Did he go shopping last Sunday? -No, he didn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：What did you do last night? 注意：在一般过去时的疑问句中，助动词 did 后面的谓语动词应用原形。 动词类型 句型结构 例句 实义（行为）动词 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 He played football yesterday.(play) Tom studied in England two years ago. (study) 否定句：主语+did not/didn’t +动词原形+其他 They didn’t eat carrots. (not eat) Tom didn’t like sports when he was young(not like) 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他? Did they drink milk? (drink) 回答：Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. Did Tom have lunch just now? (have) 回答：Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. be动词 肯定句：主语+was/were+其他 I was a student in 2020. She was busy an hour ago. We were in Shanghai last month. 否定句：主语+ was/were +not+其他 We were not (weren’t) at school yesterday. He was not (wasn’t) busy last Friday. 一般疑问句；Was/Were +主语+其他？ Was he at home just now? Were you late for school yesterday? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 练习题： 一、写出下面单词的过去式 1.am／is do go have 2. isn’t aren’t spend cook 3. read clean live study 二、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. He (work) in that bank four years ago. 2. I (think) of a good idea just now. 3. I (see) him yesterday. 4. He (come) to school at 6 o’clock this morning. 5. He (tell) a story to his daughter yesterday. 6. you (try) to call me last night? 三、单项选择 ( )1.The girl __________ the dancing club last week. A. joined B. joins C. will join ( )2.Tom __________ a rabbit in the garden and fed it. A. saw B. sees C. is seeing ( )3.There __________ a lot of people in the park last Sunday. A. are B. was C. were ( )4.He __________ a letter to his friend yesterday. A. writing B. wrote C. writes ( )5.My classmates __________ a great time at the sports meeting last month. A. Had B. have C. are having D. will have ( )6.She __________ her room before going to bed last night. A. Cleaned B. clean C. is cleaning D. will clean ( )7.They __________ a trip to the mountains last Saturday. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having ( )8.I __________ my book at 8:00 p.m. last night. A. finished B. finish C. will finish D. am finishing ( )9.My family __________ a big dinner in the restaurant last Sunday. A. had B. have C. are having D. will have ( )10.He __________ the guitar at 3:00 pm yesterday. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. will play ( )11.—What did you do last Sunday? —I ______ my grandparents. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. am visiting ( )12.When ______ you ______ breakfast yesterday? A. have, had B. do, have C. did, have D. will, have ( )13.My sister __________ a new dress last week. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy ( )14.When __________ you __________ your homework? A. were; finish B. are; finish C. did; finish D. do; finished ( )15.— What did you do last weekend? — We _________ a party at home. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having ( )16.He __________ with his friends five years ago. But now he __________ alone. A. live; live B. lives; lives C. lived; lived D. lived; lives ( )17.I __________ my keys at school yesterday. A. leave B. left C. forget D. forgot ( )18.Long ago, there __________ a beautiful princess in the castle. A. lives B. lived C. is living D. will live ( )19.She __________ her homework last night. A. doesn’t do B. didn’t do C. don’t do D. didn’t did ( )20.—________ you ________ to the park last Saturday? —No, I didn’t. A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Are; going D. Were; going 四、完成句子 1．I watch the stars at night and they are so beautiful. (用last night改写句子) I the stars last night and they so beautiful. 2．Yiming read some articles about IoT in a newspaper.（改为否定句） Yiming read articles about IoT in a newspaper. 3．Holla chose a nice dress for today’s meeting. (改为一般疑问句) Holla a nice dress for today’s meeting? 4．There was some orange juice in the cup. (变为一般疑问句) there orange juice in the cup? 5．I was born in Henan.（改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答） born in Henan? Yes, . 九、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（wh-）+一般疑问句？ 1.提问“表事物的名词”/“动作”：what 什么 e.g.: —What club do you want to join? 你想加入什么俱乐部？ —I want to join the sport club. 我想加入运动俱乐部。 询问姓名及回答： 1）—What's your name? 你叫什么名字? —My name is Emma. =I’m Emma. 我的名字是艾玛。 2）—What's his name? 他叫什么名字? —His name is Peter. = He is Peter.他的名字是彼得。 3）—What's her name? 她叫什么名字? —Her name is Ella. = She is Ella.她的名字是埃拉。 4） What’s your first name? 你的名是什么？My first name is... 5） What’s your last/family name? 你的姓是什么？My last/family name is... 6） What’s your full name? 你的全名是什么？My full name is... 2.提问颜色：what color 什么颜色 e.g.: —What color is your new dress? 你的新裙子是什么颜色？ — It’s white. 白色。 提问班级：what class什么班级 —What class are you in?你在几班？ —I am(I’m) in Class 1, Grade 7.我在七年级1班。 3.提问人：who 谁 e.g.:— Who is the man over there? 那边那个人是谁？ —It’s Mr. Gao. 是高老师。 4.提问时间：when 什么时候 / what time 什么时候/几点（具体时刻） e.g.: —When do you usually do exercise? 你通常什么时候锻炼？ — In the morning. 早上。 —What time do you usually get up? 你通常几点起床？ — At 6:30. 六点半。 5.提问原因：why 为什么（回答：because 因为） e.g.: — Why do you like English? 你为什么喜欢英语？ —Because it’s interesting. 因为英语很有趣。 6.提问位置：where 在哪里 e.g.:—Where is Peter? 彼得在哪里？ — He is in the classroom. 在教室。 7.提问adj：how 怎么样 What be... like？......像怎样？ e.g.: —How are you? 你好吗? —I am fine, thank you. / l am great. / I am OK. And you? 我很好,谢谢。你呢？ —What's your school like? 你的学校怎么样？ —It’s large and beautiful. 它大而且漂亮。 8.提问拥有者：whose 谁的 —Whose fishing rods are those? 那些是谁的鱼竿？ — They’re my father’s. 他们是我父亲的。 They belong to my father. 9.提问数量：how many (可数名词复数) / how much (不可数名词) e.g.:—How many boys are in your class? 你们班有多少男生？ — There are 30. 三十个。 —How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？ — A small cup. 一小杯。 10.提问价格：how much 多少钱 e.g.: —How much is this book? 这本书多少钱？ — It’s 15 yuan. 十五元。 11.提问年龄：how old 多大 e.g.: —How old are you? 你多大了？ — I’m twelve years old. 十二岁。 —How old is she/he?她/他多少岁？ — She/He 12 years old.她/他12岁。 12.提问看法：What do/does + 主语 + think of + ...? =How do/does +主语+like/feel about...? e.g.: —What does Mike think of his new school? 迈克觉得新学校怎么样？ — He thinks it’s beautiful. 他觉得很漂亮。 13.提问频率：how often多久一次 e.g.: —How often do you play football? 你多久提一次足球？ — I play it twice a week.我一周踢两次足球。 练习题： 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共10） ( )1. —______ is your birthday? —It's on May 5th. A. What B. When C. Where D.Who ( )2. —______ is your new bike? —It's 300 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How long D.How old ( )3. —________ do you like monkeys? —Because they’re clever and funny. A．What   B．Why   C．When   D．Where ( )4—Mike, ____________ do you play computer games? —Hardly ever. I think it is bad for my study. A． how often B．how many C．how long D．how far ( )5．— ________ the bookcases? — They are next to the window. A．Where is B．What is C．What are D．Where are 二、对划线部分提问 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.They're from China.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they from? 2. It looks like a dog.（对划线部分提问） What ______ it ______ like? 3.We have to wear the school uniform. （对划线部分提问）     ______ ______ you have to do? 4.She doesn’t like tigers because they are dangerous. (对划线部分提问) she like tigers? 5.The baseball is Helen’s. (对划线部分提问) is it？ 6.Tony hardly ever exercises.(对划线部分提问) does Tony exercise? 7.He has to wear the school uniform.(对划线部分提问) does he to wear? 8.He usually has a piece of bread for breakfast. _________ _________ he usually _________ for breakfast? 9.My new computer is 4,000 yuan. _________ _________ is your new computer? 10.The penguin is my favourite animal. _________ _________ your favourite animal? 11.My father is 40 years old. _________ _________ is your father? 12.We can have dinner at 5:30 at school. _________ _________ you have dinner at school? 13.There are twenty-four boys in my class. _________ _________ boys are there in your class? 14.My new classmate Bill comes from America. _________ _________ your new classmate Bill _________ _________? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$