Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

WELCOME UNIT Discovering Useful Structures Know about the 4 types of sentence structures 1 2 3 4 简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句 1 2 3 4 Know about the basic composition of a sentence！ Part 1 P DO O A C (subject) S V (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Know about the basic composition of a sentence Know about the terms S V O P A C (subject) 主语: 句子说明的人或事物； (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征； (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者； DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) (object complement) 宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 (adverbial) 状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等； (predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分； 1. Jane is good at playing the piano. 2. She went out in a hurry. 3. Four plus four is eight. 4. To see is to believe. 5. Smoking is bad for health. 6. What he has said is true. 动名词 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence (subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物 名词 代词 数词 不定式 句子 (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. see是及物动词 look是不及物动词 look after是动词短语 谓语是can speak 谓语是doesn’t seem Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 1. Show your passport, please. 2. She didn't say anything 3. —How many do you want? —I want two. 4. They sent the injured to hospital. 5. They asked to see my passport. 6. I enjoy working with you. 7. Did you write down what he said? 名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词 句子 (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Please show me your passport. 2. Mother made Mary a new coat. Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 直接宾语 (DO) 和间接宾语(IO)的区别 直接宾语表示动作的承受者，一般是物。 间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。 间接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 温馨提示： 直接宾语和间接宾语不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别。 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 1. I am fine. 2. He is a boy. 3. Five plus two is seven. 4. We are here. 5. He is not at home. 6. My hobby is reading. 7. Our duty is to make our environment better. 形容词 名词 数词 介词短语 动名词 副词 不定式 表语是句子中的不完整的谓语，须和系动词一起构成句子中的完整的复合谓语。 表语是谓语的部件，而不是与谓语平级的句子成分。 主系表结构实际上是主谓结构，没有所谓的主谓表结构。 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 1. I will be back in a while. 2. They are playing on the playground. 3. He was late because he got up late. 4. He got up so late that I missed the train. 5. I waited to see you. 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 目的状语 结果状语 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 6. He often went to school by bus. 7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 8. Please call me if it is necessary. 9. This book is very interesting. 10. He went to school in spite of his illness. 方式状语 结果状语 条件状语 让步状语 程度状语 (adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 Discover what make up the composition of a sentence 1. I found the book interesting. 2. Do you smell something burning? 3. He made himself known to them. 4. She asked me to lend her a hand. 形容词 不定式 过去分词 现在分词 (object complement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, let，consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have. 温馨提示：宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。 句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 We study in Huang Qiao Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特点 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. Know about the sentence element 句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean. Know about the sentence element Study the sentence structures！ Part 2 All of us laughed. S + V Nobody left. You must stay. 1. SV（主谓结构） 2. SVO（主谓宾） I miss my grandma. S + V + O I will make many friends. I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. 3. SP（主系表） The teacher was kind and friendly. S + P 4. SV IO DO（主谓+间宾+直宾） He told us a funny story. Direct Object 直接宾语 Indirect Object 间接宾语 1.The teacher gave us a quiz. 2.My mom will buy me a new cell phone. (The teacher gave a quiz to us.) (My mom will buy a new cell phone for me.) S + V I found most of my teachers and classmates friendly and helpful. S + V + O Complement 宾语补足语 He found the picture pretty. I regard him as my best friend. 5. SVOC（主谓宾+宾补） He talk too much. S + V + A 6. SVA（主谓状） I had my first maths class at senior high school. S +V + O + A 7. SVOA（主谓宾状） There are three people in my family. There were less students in my junior high school. There will be many races at the sports meeting. 8. There be 句型：某地有某物 简单句的8种基本类型 1. S+V All of us laughed. 2. S+V+O I had my first maths class. 3. S+P The lab is new. 4. S+V+IO+DO He told us a funny story. 5. S+V+O+C I found my teachers friendly. 6. S+V+A He talked too much. 7. S+V+O+A I had my first maths class at senior high school. 8. There be 句型 There is a lot to explore at senior high school. summary Practice makes perfect！ Part 3 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. Read the sentences and analyse the structures. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 2. We must act. S 主语 V 谓语 3. The maths homework looks easy. S 主语 P 系表 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 C 宾补 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 有 某物 某地 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 A 状语 There be 句型 Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. … that dream has come true! S 主语 V 谓语 Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 They also learn about ships and the sea. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 O 宾语 Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim writes his parents an email every week S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 V 谓语 IO 间宾 DO 直宾 A 状语 and tells them what happened on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun... S 主语 P 系表 有 某物 A 状语 There be 句型 $$