Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

WELCOME UNIT Discovering Useful Structures words sentences a passage Learn to express your ideas in English. What makes a sentence? 十大词类 动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数 1. 名词 [Nouns（n.）]：用来表示人或事物名称的词，如 pen apple 在句子中常作主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补等 e.g. The apple isn’t ripe. 主语 I love animals. 宾语 This is an apple. 表语 I think it my duty to help the little girl.宾补 There are not many men teachers in the kindergarten.定语 十大词类 动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数 2. 代词 [Pronouns（pron.）]：用来代替名词的词，如we us them 在句子中常作主语 宾语 等 e.g. We love our family.主语 Lisa teaches us English.宾语 3. 动词 [Verb（v.）]：表示动作或状态的词，如eat drink sleep 在句中做谓语 e.g. Last week he went to Hawaii for holidays.谓语 十大词类 动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数 4. 副词 [Adverb（adv.）]：用来修饰动词 形容词 副词 在句子中做定语 状语等 e.g. Please read the new words below.修饰名词 You are running fast.修饰动词 I push the door very hard.修饰副词 5. 形容词 [Adjective（adj.）]：表示事物或人特征的词，如big small 在句中做定语 表语 补语 e.g. I like such beautiful dresses.定语 The dress is beautiful.表语 I find these dresses beautiful.宾补 十大词类 动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数 6. 数词 [Numeral（num.）]：表示人或事物数目多少（基数词）或顺序先后（序数词）在句中做宾语 定语等 e.g. I want two apples，please.做宾语 Forty thousand people watched the game.做定语 7. 冠词[Articles（art.）]：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指范围的词，主要有a an the 在句子中主要修饰名词 e.g. The dog is very cute. 8. 介词 [Prepositions（prep.）]：用在名词和代词之前，说明其与别的词的关系 其后跟宾语，一起在句子中做定语或状语 e.g. Please wait at the door.做地点状语 The girl at the door is my niece.做定语 十大词类 动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数 9. 连词[Conjunctions（conj.）]：起连接作用的词，如and but so or 在句子中连接两个词 短语 或 句子 e.g. I will call you when I get there. Tom and Bob are brothers 10. 感叹词[Interjections（int.）]：表示感叹语气的词 表示喜怒哀乐，在句中起到加强语气的作用 e.g. Oops！It hurts！ Know about the 4 types of sentence structures 1 2 3 4 简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句 1 2 3 4 Know about the basic composition of a sentence！ Part 1 内容制作：岳老师 Identifying definition 句子成分 定义： 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 必须部分： 主语、谓语 必要部分： 宾语、表语和补足语 辅助部分： 定语、状语 P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Know about the basic composition of a sentence P DO O A O C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Know about the basic composition of a sentence IO Know about the terms S V O P A C (subject) 主语: 句子说明的人或事物； (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征； (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者； DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) (object complement) 宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 (adverbial) 状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等； (predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分； 1. Jane is good at playing the piano. 2. She went out in a hurry. 3. Eight is a lucky number in China. 4. To see is to believe. 5. Smoking is bad for health. 6. What he has said is true. The composition of a sentence (subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物 名词 代词 数词 不定式 句子 动名词 (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征 The composition of a sentence 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. I have seen the film before. see是及物动词 look是不及物动词 look after是动词短语 谓语是can speak 谓语是doesn’t seem 谓语是have seen The composition of a sentence 1. Show your passport, please. 2. She didn't say anything 3. —How many do you want? —I want two. 4. They sent the injured to hospital. 5. They asked to see my passport. 6. I enjoy working with you. 7. Did you write down what he said? 名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词 句子 (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”）， 表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。 He read us the text. My sister wrote me a letter. Henry teaches us English. My mother bought me a watch. Her mother made her a cake. 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语indirect object 双宾语 人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语 → He read the text to us. → My sister wrote a letter to me. → Henry teaches English to us. → My mother bought a watch for me. → Her mother made a cake for her. linking-verb I am happy. The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. It remains a mystery. -- 后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等 常见的系动词： 1.be 动词：am, is, are 2.状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等 3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound等 4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等 5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear The composition of a sentence 1. I am fine. 2. He is a boy. 3. Five plus two is seven. 4. We are here. 5. He is not at home. 6. My hobby is reading. 7. Our duty is to make our environment better. 形容词 名词 数词 介词短语 动名词 副词 不定式 (predicative) 表语:说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态 表语是句子中的不完整的谓语，须和系动词一起构成句子中的完整的复合谓语。 表语是谓语的部件，而不是与谓语平级的句子成分。 主系表结构实际上是主谓结构，没有所谓的主谓表结构。 His father named him Terry. She thinks her a good teacher. They painted their boat white. We found everything in good order. We saw him entering the room. She asked me to lend her a hand. I will have my hair cut tomorrow morning. The composition of a sentence 形容词 现在分词 过去分词 介词短语 (object complement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 代词 名词 不定式 宾语补足语  a frightened girl  ten students  the chance to win  a sleeping guy  a lost dog  a bird in the cage an apple tree the boy who is delivering a speech (attribute) 定语是对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用的句子成分。 The composition of a sentence 数词 形容词 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 介词短语 名词 定语从句 The composition of a sentence 1. I will be back in a while. 2. They are playing on the playground. 3. He was late because he got up late. 4. He got up so late that I missed the train. 5. I waited to see you. 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 目的状语 结果状语 (adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 The composition of a sentence 6. He often went to school by bus. 7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 8. Please call me if it is necessary. 9. I am taller than he is. 10. He went to school in spite of his illness. 方式状语 结果状语 条件状语 让步状语 比较状语 (adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 We study in Huang Qiao Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特点 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. Summary 句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean. Summary Study the sentence structures！ Part 2 八大句型 基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +link-Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 句型六：主语+谓语+状语 句型七：主语+谓语+宾语+状语 句型八：there be 句型 All of us laughed. S + V Nobody left. You must stay. 1. SV（主谓结构） 2. SVO（主谓宾） I miss my grandma. S + V + O I will make many friends. I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. 3. SP（主系表） The teacher was kind and friendly. S + P 4. SV IO DO（主谓+间宾+直宾） He told us a funny story. Direct Object 直接宾语 Indirect Object 间接宾语 1.The teacher gave us a quiz. 2.My mom will buy me a new cell phone. (The teacher gave a quiz to us.) (My mom will buy a new cell phone for me.) S + V I found most of my teachers and classmates friendly and helpful. S + V + O Complement 宾语补足语 He found the picture pretty. I regard him as my best friend. 5. SVOC（主谓宾+宾补） He talk too much. S + V + A 6. SVA（主谓状） I had my first maths class at senior high school. S +V + O + A 7. SVOA（主谓宾状） There are three people in my family. There were less students in my junior high school. There will be many races at the sports meeting. 8. There be 句型：某地有某物 简单句的8种基本类型 1. S+V All of us laughed. 2. S+V+O I had my first maths class. 3. S+P The lab is new. 4. S+V+IO+DO He told us a funny story. 5. S+V+O+C I found my teachers friendly. 6. S+V+A He talked too much. 7. S+V+O+A I had my first maths class at senior high school. 8. There be 句型 There is a lot to explore at senior high school. summary Practice makes perfect！ Part 3 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. Read the sentences and analyse the structures. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 2. We must act. S 主语 V 谓语 3. The maths homework looks easy. S 主语 P 系表 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 C 宾补 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. There is an English Corner at our school. 8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 有 某物 某地 S 主语 V 谓语 O 宾语 A 状语 There be 句型 Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. … that dream has come true! S 主语 V 谓语 Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 They also learn about ships and the sea. S 主语 V 谓语 A 状语 O 宾语 Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim writes his parents an email every week S 主语 V 谓语 DO 直宾 IO 间宾 V 谓语 IO 间宾 DO 直宾 A 状语 and tells them what happened on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun... S 主语 P 系表 有 某物 A 状语 There be 句型 Thanks！ $$