2025年中考英语一轮复习课件专题五 介词

介词 介词是一种虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,但可以与名词、 代词或其他词类、短语或从句组成介词短语,在句中作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。 1.表时间时:at,in,on at six 在六点 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜晚 at dawn 在黎明 at Christmas 在圣诞节 I got there at eight this morning. 今天早上我八点到那 in的用法 in the 21st century 在21世纪 in 2023 在2023 in autumn 在秋天 in January 在一月 in the morning 在早上 They will finish the work in an hour. 一小时后他们将完成工作 on的用法 on Monday 在周一 on the first of January在一月一日 on the evening of October 1st 在十月一日晚上 on Teacher’s Day 在教师节 The twin sisters were born on a Friday evening. 这对双胞胎姐妹在一个星期五的晚上出生 2. after和before after“在...以后” I will play football with him after school before“在...之前” Please wash your hand before meals. 注意: 表示“在一段时间之后”时,可以用介词in,after,区别在于 “in+时间段”用于将来时,“after+时间段”用于过去时 He came back after three days. 三天后,他回来了 He will come back in three days. 他将在三天后回来 3. since和for for:动作延续整个过程,后接时间段 since:从某事一直延续至今,后接过去的时间点或从句 I have learned English for five years. I have learned English since 2019 常与含延续动词的完成时连用 4.from和during from:说明开始的时间,常与to连用,from...to...从...到... “during+时间段”表示“在……期间” 他们在2018年至2023年期间在那教书 They taught there from 2018 to 2023. They taught there during the past five years. 5.until和by until:“直到...为止”,常用于肯定句中,主句必须是延续性动词 by+时间点: “到...时间前”常用于将来时和完成时 I'll be at the office until 7 pm. 我将会在办公室待到7点 I'll arrive at the office by 7 pm. 我将会在7点前到达办公室 二、地点介词 盒子里面有什么 What’s in the box? 桌子上有支钢笔 There is a pen on the desk. 在上海 in Shanghai 在公交站 at the bus station 练一练 Tom told me his parents had arrived _ Beijing. A.at B.on C.in D.to 【解析】arrive后跟in或at,意为“到达”;at后多跟小地点,而Beijing是大地方,其前用in。 【答案】C 2.above,over和on 2.above,over和on The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行 There is a brige over the river. 河上有一座桥 They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. 他们把一些花放在讲桌上 3.across,through和over 3.across,through和over 练一练 —Can a plane fly _the Atlantic Ocean? —Yes,but it needs to go _the clouds for hours. A.across;through B.through;across C.across;across D.through;through 【解析】本题考查介词辨析。across强调从某个平面/表面穿过;through侧重从内部穿过。句意是“飞机能飞过大西洋吗?”“是的,但需要穿越数小时的云层。”故A项符合题意。 【答案】A 4.in,on和to 4.in,on和to 练一练 China lie _ the east of Asia. A.in B.on C.to D.of 【解析】本题考查介词的用法辨析。句意为“中国位于亚洲的东部。”in表示在范围以内。中国属于亚洲,所以选A。 【答案】A 5.between和among 5.between和among Ben sits between Peter and Tom. 本坐在皮特和汤姆的中间 The teacher stands among the students. 老师站在同学之间 by ,in和on加交通方式 表示方式的介词 by bike 骑自行车 by plane/by air 乘飞机 by ship/ by ocean 乘船 in my father's car 坐我爸爸的车 on my bike 骑自行车 Mr. Li goes to work by car =Mr. Li goes to work in a car 李先生开车去上班 表示方式的介词 This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工制作的 He learns English by working with group. 他通过小组学习的方式学英语 Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗? They paid in cash. 他们用现金支付 I often do my homework with a pen. 我经常用钢笔做作业 其他介词 I like all the subjects except PE 我喜欢所有科目除了体育 I have a few friends besides you. 除了你,我还有几个好朋友 about和on The teacher told us a story about LeiFeng 老师给我们讲了一个关于雷锋的故事 He will give us a talk on the history of the Party. 他将给我们作一个关于党史的报告 1.一When is Jay's concert ? It's _three o'clock_the afternoon of July 18th. A.at; in B.at;on C.on;in D.in;on B 2.You can improve your English _practising more. A.by B.with C.of D.in A 3.Evenyone has handed in the test paper_Billy. He hasn't finished it yet . A.besides B.except C.with D.beside B 4. I couldn't do it _your great help. Thanks a lot. A.with B.without C. for D.to B 5.Look! A blind man is in the middle of the street. It's too dangerous. Let's help him go _the street. A.cross B.through C.across D.along C $$