定语从句 导学案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

08定语从句 一、定语含义： 修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 （定语可以由形容词、名词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由句子充当。） She is a beautiful girl. Amy is a woman teacher. The girl in pink is my sister. I have something to say.  China is a developing country. There is a lady who wants to see you. 二、定语从句含义： 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 There is a lady who wants to see you. 被定语从句修饰的词叫___________；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的___________之后；引导定语从句的词叫___________。 先行词： 是被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词） 关系词的作用 1.引导定语从句 2.在从句中替代先行词 3.在定语从句中充当一定的成分 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物/事 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 3、 关系代词具体用法： 关系代词 用法 例子 that 先行词是人或物， 在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①This is the girl that you are looking for. ②This is a beautiful skirt that is cheap. which 先行词是物， 在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①Mary people likes music which is quiet and gentle. ②The film which we saw last night was very interesting. who/ whom 先行词是人， who的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语， whom的先行词只在从句中作宾语。 ①Here comes the man who wants to see you. ②This is the boy who/whom you wants to find. whose 先行词是人或物， 在从句中作定语， 后面有名词，表示“……的”。 ①This is the girl whose parents are very busy. ②I'd like a room whose windows are big. 试一试： （1）I read a report about his new book __________will soon be published. （2）Do you know the professor ________ is from Greece? （3）Mr. Green is the person_______________I like a lot. （4）The house _______ roof is red is mine. （5）I met Mr. Smith, _________daughter is a nurse. 关系代词注意事项1：先行词指物时可用which也可用that，以下为which和that的区别。 只用 that 不用which的情况 ①先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词；或为all, every, no, some, any, little, much等词或被这些词修饰时时。 Everything that we saw in this film was true. I have read all the books that you lend me. ②先行词为the only, the very（正是）, the right，the same等词时。 This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for. ③先行词为序数词或形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 Shanghai is the most beautiful city that I have  ever visited. This is the first film that I have seen since I came here. ④当先行词既有人又有物时 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. ⑤句中其他位置已出现与关系代词相同的疑问词时，应避免重复 Which is the car that has overtaken us? 只用which不用that的情况： ①关系代词前有介词时。 The garden in which a variety of flowers are planted attracts a great many visitors. ②在非限制性定语从句中。 He failed in the match, which was a pity. 非限制性定语从句 She likes cities that have museums.她喜欢有博物馆的城市。 She visited London,which has many museums.她去了伦敦，那里有很多博物馆。 He failed the exam, which surprised everyone.他考试不及格，这让大家很惊讶。 特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 必要性 不可删除，否则句意改变 可删除，句意完整 逗号 无逗号 有逗号隔开 关系词 可用that 不可用that why 练一练： （1）He told me everything ________he knew. （2）That is my house, ________ is very expensive. （3）It is the very book ________I’m looking for. （4）This is the school from________I have graduated. （5）I will never forget the people and things_____I met in India. 关系代词注意事项2：先行词指人时可用who也可用that，以下为who和that的区别 只用who的情况 先行词为 one, anyone, someone, all, those等不定代词且指人时 先行词为人称代词时 there be句型中 只用that的情况 先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last等修饰时 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时 练一练： （1）He ________ laughs last laughs best. （2）There is a man _________wants to see you. （3）Those ________ are dancing come from France. （4）She is the most beautiful girl______I have ever seen. （5）Lily was the first student_________came to school today. 关系代词注意事项3：whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“·····的”。 whose + n.= the + n. + of whom/which =of which/whom + the + n. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. = I live next door to a couple ___________________ often make a lot of noise. ＝I live next door to a couple_________________often make a lot of noise. 关系代词注意事项4：如果先行词被as, so, such, the same等修饰时，关系代词用as, as 在从句中作主语或宾语，不能省略。 You can eat as many cakes as you want. He is not such a fool as he looks. We should respect such people as are honest and kind. This is the same book as I lost. as引导非限制性定语从句常用在下列表达中: · as is known to all =as we all know 众所周知 · as is reported 正如被报道的那样 · as the saying goes 正如谚语所说 · as is often the case正如通常的情况那样 · as sb. put it 正如某人所说 · as is mentioned/said above 正如上面提到的 which和as引导非限制定语从句的区别 He is late,as/which is often the case.他迟到了，这是常有的事情。 He passed the exam, as/which surprised everyone.他通过了考试，这让所有人都很惊讶。 As is known to us all,English is widely used. which as 位置 句中、句末 句首、句中、句末 意思 这一点，这件事 正如 固定搭配 无固定搭配 As we know.. 练一练：用which或as填空 （1）I met Jay Zhou in person yesterday,________ is so exciting. （2）_____was predicted by the experts, the price is lower and lower. （3）_____ the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 3、 关系副词具体用法： 关系副词 用法 例子 when 表示时间的名词 I want to know the day when he was born. where 表示地点的名词 He still loves the school where we studied together two years ago. why 表示原因的名词 reason Do you know the reason why he was late for school？ · 关系副词when：先行词是表示时间的名词 Do you know the date when he was born? She went to Japan in 2015, when she was 20. 注：when可以由“介词+which”替换 She went to Japan in 2015, in which she was 20. I will never forget the day on which I met him. · 关系副词where：先行词是表示地点的名词 I love Beijing, where I made so many friends. This is the park where we often take a walk. 注：where可以由“介词+which”替换 This is the park in which we often take a walk. Do you know the bus station at which we met each other? 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, position，situation, stage, case, condition, atmosphere等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 I like the atmosphere where everyone helps each other. We have reached the stage where we must take action. 先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 There came an occasion when she got promoted. A wedding is an occasion where people get dressed up. · 关系副词why：先行词是reason Do you know the reason why he cried? 注：why可以由“for+which”替换 Do you know the reason for which he cried? 练一练： 1.I will remember the days__________we spent together. 2.I will remember the days_______we loved each other. 3.This is the hotel__________we lived/stayed. 4.This is the hotel__________Lucy recommended to us. 5.That’s the reason___________ he was late. 6.That’s the reason___________ he told me. 4、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 先行词指物:which This is the school with which he is familiar. 先行词指人:whom I thanked Tom from whom I got a lot of help. 关系代词前介词的选用: 1. 依据定语从句中动词、形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。 The person to whom I gave the gift was my teacher. 2. 依据与先行词的搭配来确定。 This is the house in which I grew up. 3. 根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen. 注意: 有些“动词（＋名词）＋介词”的固定搭配，如look for, look after, call on，take care of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。 练一练： 1.The book________which I told you is on the shelf. 2.The person_______whom I borrowed the money is my brother. 3.The situation______which we found ourselves was dangerous. 4.This is the thing_______which I am interested. 5.I will never forget Tom, _______ whom I couldn’t have succeeded. 一、单项选择 1．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）John had a great feeling of loneliness, ______ was even more serious during his lunch break. A．which B．it C．what D．that 2．（2023·天津红桥·高二统考学业考试）A year is divided into four seasons, as we all know, _______ the first is spring. A．which B．of them C．when D．of which 3．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）His parents forced him to be a lawyer, ______ was against his own wishes. A．when B．which C．that D．what 4．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）People remember the first travelers from England___come to live in America. A．which B．where C．who 5．（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）Have you heard about the player got the first prize in the swimming? A．which B．what C．who D．whom 6．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）October is a great time to visit Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ________travelers can go to the quiet Ejina to enjoy the wonderful scenery of Euphratica forest(胡杨林). A．then B．where C．when D．there 7．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）________is reported, vaccines (疫苗) do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid-19 illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence (出现) of the more infectious Delta variant. A．It B．Which C．That D．As 8．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）In the coming Olympic Games, there will be ten more new events, __________more athletes will try to realize their goal in. A．that B．which C．where D．when 9．（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）After graduation, I took some time off to go travelling, ______turned out to be a wise decision. A．that B．which C．when D．where 10．（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）After a long and difficult journey, the monarch butterflies eventually reached the places ______ they would spend the winter. A．why B．which C．where D．when 11．（2019·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）He wrote a letter ________he explained what had happened in the accident. A．which B．that C．how D．where 12．（2021·山西·高二太原师范学院附属中学统考学业考试）Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, some of ______ have gone bad due to the hot weather. A．those B．which C．whom D．that 13．（2021秋·广西·高二统考学业考试）The boy ______ got the first prize is from Class 1. A．where B．when C．which D．who 14．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, _________ helps patients recover faster. A．this B．that C．which D．where 15．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Because of COVD-19, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 5,000 yuan for one night. A．if B．when C．which D．since 16．（2022·天津红桥·高二天津市民族中学统考学业考试）Eventually, the butterfly manages to reach the places ______ it will spend the winter. A．which B．what C．where D．that 17．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Linda is a beautiful girl ________ likes Chinese culture very much. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 18．（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）We live in an age________ more information is available more easily than ever before. A．why B．to whom C．when D．on which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$