UNIT 9 LEARNING Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 9 LEARNING Section Ⅱ　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 课前预习导学 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课后课时作业（三） 6 课后课时作业（四） 7 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 重点合作探究 1 This is because when we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement．(教材P58) 这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。 剖析 This is because ... 意为“这是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，because后接表示原因的句子。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①This is because Westerners often schedule their time quite carefully， and like to plan what they are doing． 这是因为西方人通常都是非常周密地安排他们的时间，并且喜欢安排好他们要做的事。 ②This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast ocean． 这是因为三分之二的地球表面是由广阔的海洋组成的。 ③This is why I decided to become a doctor． 这就是我决定成为医生的原因。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：This is why ... /The reason why ... is that ... This is why ... 意为“这就是为什么……”，后接表示结果的句子。 This is why we don't trust him． 这就是我们不相信他的原因。 The reason why ... is that ... 意为“……的原因是……”，其中why引导的定语从句修饰the reason，that引导表语从句。 The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he fell ill suddenly． 他未出席会议的原因是他突然病了。 重点合作探究 (1)选词填空(because/why/that) ①She didn't study hard． That was _____ she failed the exam． ②She failed the exam． That was _______ she didn't study hard． ③The reason why the accident was caused was _____ the bus was driven too carelessly． why because that 重点合作探究 (2)单句写作 这是因为在广播发展的早期，人们期望新闻播音员能说一口流利的英语。 ______________ in the early days of radio， those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English． This is because 重点合作探究 2 as a result 作为结果(教材P58) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①All singers kept together． As a result， their performance was successful． 所有的歌手协调一致，结果他们的演出非常成功。 ②As a result of unemployment， many people have to leave home for a new job． 由于失业，许多人为寻找新的工作离开了家。 ③As is known to us all， failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success． 众所周知，失败通常来源于懒惰；而勤奋带来成功。 重点合作探究 result in “导致；结果是”，相当于lead to/cause/bring about，后面跟表示结果的词；result from “起因于；由……造成”，相当于lie in，后跟表示原因的词。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's reported that the accident resulted ___ the death of two people． ②It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted _____ the driver's careless driving． (2)选词填空(as a result of/as a result) ①He studied hard last term and， _________， he got good marks． ②The football match was put off ____________ the storm． in from as a result as a result of 重点合作探究 3 As a result， we remember them much better， as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories．(教材P58) 重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象，我们能更好地记住这些经历。 剖析 as是从属连词，意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句，可以放在主句之前或之后。表示理由时，语气没有because那么强，不能用来回答why的提问或被强调。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①As I was busy preparing for my final exam， I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it． 因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到信就马上给你回信。 ②As time went by(＝With time going by)， I gradually adapted myself to the school life． 随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 ③Strange as it might sound， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting． 虽然他的主意听起来很奇怪，但参加本次会议的所有人都同意了。 重点合作探究 as意为“尽管”时，须将表语、状语等提前，其他成分保持陈述语序；名词提前时，去掉冠词。 Tired as he was， he still went on with his work． 尽管他很累，他仍然继续工作。 Much as I would like to stay， I really must go home． 尽管我想留下来，但我确实必须回家。 Child as he was， he knew a lot． 虽然是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Clever ___ she is， she works very hard． (2)单句写作 众所周知，鱼离不开水。 ___________________， fish can't live without water． as As is known to us all 重点合作探究 4 take it easy放轻松(教材P60) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Try not to work too hard． Take it easy． 尽量不要工作得太辛苦，放松一下。 ②Grandfather will retire next year and take things easy． 爷爷明年就退休，可以过悠闲的生活了。 重点合作探究 take it easy意为“放松；不紧张”，指心理上别紧张，相当于don't be nervous。take one's time意为“不慌不忙；从容不迫”，指时间上很充裕，不用着急，相当于Don't hurry．或There's enough time．之意。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Whatever you do in life， remember to take ___ easy． (2)选词填空(take it easy/take your time) ①—I have been feeling very tired these days and haven't had any appetite． —___________． Let me examine you． ②—OK， I'll fix your computer right now． —Oh， _____________． I'm in no hurry． it Take it easy take your time 重点合作探究 5 My question is how to learn English effectively．(教材P108) 我的问题是怎样更有效地学习英语。 剖析 how to learn是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”的结构。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I'm considering who to turn to for help． 我在考虑该找谁帮忙。 ②There were so many toys that he didn't know which one to choose． 太多的玩具以至于他都不知道该选哪一个。 ③The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble． ＝The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble． 这个男孩太小，不知道在困境中该做什么。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________ (survive) without friends． (2)单句写作 不幸的是，医生们不知道如何使我好受一点。但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。 Unfortunately， the doctors don't know ________________________， but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability． to survive how to make me feel better 重点合作探究 6 beyond prep． 超出……范围(教材P110) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I think that the situation was beyond his control then． 我认为当时的情形是他无法控制的。 ②The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description． 西湖的美是无法形容的。 ③Put the medicine beyond children's reach． 把药放到孩子够不到的地方。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The new product is ________ all praise and has quickly taken over the market on account of its superior quality． (2)单句写作 听了她的感人故事后，每个人感动得难以言表。 Everybody was touched _____________ after they heard her moving story． beyond beyond words 重点合作探究 7 recommend vt． 推荐；建议(教材P111) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It is such a great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing． 这个酒店这么好，我会把它推荐给我任何一位要来北京的朋友。 ②He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie． 他建议先看这本书，再去看电影。 ③He recommended that we (should) see the film， Spotlight． ＝He recommended us to see the film， Spotlight． 他建议我们去看《聚焦》这部电影。 ④It's strongly recommended that the machine (should) be repaired every year． 有人强烈建议每年都要对机器进行修理。 重点合作探究 recommend后面跟从句时，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。以下动词具有相同的用法： 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I recommend _______ (go) by air for a tour somewhere． (2)单句写作 我建议你们都看看这本书，扩充一下自己的词汇量。 I recommend that ________________________ and expand your vocabulary． going you (should) read the book 重点合作探究 8 acquire vt． 学习，获得(知识，技能)(教材P111) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Meanwhile， they exchange ideas and feelings with each other， through which they probably acquire more knowledge． 与此同时，他们相互交流思想和感情，这样他们可能会获得更多的知识。 ②Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly． 只有当你精通语法知识时，你才能正确地书写。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：acquire/obtain acquire 多用于通过不断地“学”“问”等过程逐渐获取知识、技术等较抽象的东西。 obtain 表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望已久的东西。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 He has acquired a taste ____ brandy at that time． (2)选词填空(obtain/acquire) It took her nine years to ________ the ability to use English and it's indeed not easy for her to _______ the honour in a foreign country． for acquire obtain 重点合作探究 9 be honoured to do sth 很荣幸做某事(教材P111) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I feel honoured to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability． 应邀给你们做关于如何提高英语阅读能力的讲座，我深感荣幸。 ②I honour Yao Ming for his good behavior in the NBA． 姚明在NBA中的出色表现让我很尊敬他。 ③I have the honour to inform/of informing you that you have got the first place． 我十分荣幸地通知你，你获得了第一名。 重点合作探究 ④This monument was built in honour of those brave soldiers． 这块纪念碑是为了纪念那些勇敢的战士们而修建的。 ⑤It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school． 我很荣幸能在这里与你们分享关于我个人对于高中学习内容的看法。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I'm honoured __________ (ask) to speak here． (2)单句写作 我能有荣幸和你跳舞吗？ May I ______________________________ with you? to be asked have the honour of dancing/to dance 重点合作探究 10 The more you listen， the easier it is to catch on．(教材P112) 你听得越多，越能听明白。 剖析 本句是the more ... ， the more ... “越……，越……”。 归纳 拓展 (1)“the＋比较级 ... ，the＋比较级 ... ”是一个固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”。其中第一句相当于一个条件句，常用一般现在时表示将来，第二句相当于主句。 (2)该句型中，当形容词的比较级修饰名词时，需要将名词一起提到句首。 (3)该句型可使用省略结构。 重点合作探究 ①The harder you work， the quicker you will learn． 你越努力，学得越快。 ②The more you practise， the better you can speak English． 你练习越多，你的英语就能讲得越好。 ③The more you practise， the more knowledge you will get． 你实践得越多，你学到的知识就越多。 ④The more careful you are， the fewer mistakes you will make． 你越小心，你犯错就会越少。 ⑤The sooner， the better． 越快越好。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The more time you spend on a subject， the _______ (great) progress you will make． (2)单句写作 我们聚在一起的时间越多，我们越快乐。 _________ we get together， _________ we'll be． greater The more the happier 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测(一) Ⅰ．根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．I would __________ (推荐) that you buy a DVD player instead of a VCR． 2．She paused briefly over the _________ (不熟悉的) word but soon continued． 3．The marketing ________ (策略) targeted at the old， though well organized， turned out to be a complete failure． 4．Candidates must be able to communicate _________ (有效地)． 5．Charles was a(n) ____ (奇特的) character whom Kelly had never really taken to． recommend unfamiliar strategy effectively odd 课堂效果检测(一) 53 6．Being an experienced lecturer， Mr Black s________ his speech to suit a younger audience． 7．Older people still want to see c______ performances， but they are obviously not the young generation's cup of tea． 8．—Can you tell me how to m________ the word? —According to the pronunciation． 9．In this course we hope to look at literature in the frame of its social and historical c_______． 10．Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will a______ the skill to do difficult things easily． implified lassic emorize ontext cquire 课堂效果检测(一) 54 Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．It is strongly recommended that effective measures __________ (be) taken to reduce the level of PM2．5． 2．This science book is difficult _____________ (understand) for a middle school student． 3．They sang songs ___ they were doing farm work． 4．The more carefully you think， the ______ (good) your decisions will be． 5．Although the long sentence and difficult structures in this novel ____________ _________ (simplify)， it still keeps much of the charm and favor of the original． (should) be to understand as better have been simplified 课堂效果检测(一) 55 6．Please highlight any terms that are _________ (familiar) to you． 7．His native town has changed ________ recognition， so he can hardly find a familiar building． 8．The course ________ (normal) attracts about 100 students per year， of whom up to half will be from abroad． 9．Ordinary soap， used correctly， can deal with bacteria _________ (effect)． 10． We are trying to come to an ___________ (arrange) about who should pay the legal fee． unfamiliar beyond normally effectively arrangement 课堂效果检测(一) 56 Ⅲ．选词填空 as a result; in one's mind; be honoured to; in one way or another; for the first time; learn from; take it easy; focus on; recommend as; beyond recognition 1．Multi－media are widely used in teaching． __________， not only is teachers' energy saved， but students become more interested in the lessons． 2．I ______________ have been invited to give a speech here． 3．It may rain， but I shall go out ___________________． 4．The town has changed __________________ since I was last here． 5．_____________， a woman will be the keynoter at the convention this year． As a result am honoured to in one way or another beyond recognition For the first time 课堂效果检测(一) 57 6．It is important to try and __________ experience． 7．—I feel so nervous about the final exam． —___________． 8．What I'm going to do in this lecture is _________ something very specific． 9．We may have some criticism ___________ about the person． 10．He has a gift for leading so all of us _____________ him ____ our monitor． learn from Take it easy focus on in our mind recommended as 课堂效果检测(一) 58 课时语法精讲—— 主谓一致 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 60 语法体验 单句写作 1．按照简研究黑猩猩的方法，我们小组打算去森林里看它们。 Following Jane's way of studying chimps， ____________ all going to visit them in the forest． 2．观察黑猩猩一家醒来是我们一天的第一件事。 __________________________________ our first activity of the day． 3．观众们的掌声响了十多分钟。 The audience _____________ for over ten minutes． our group are Watching a family of chimps wake up is were clapping 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 61 4．我们的组员每周五上午碰面。 _______________ on Friday mornings． 5．从我来到这里，已经过去10个小时了。 ____________ passed since I came here． Our group meets Ten hours has 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 62 语法讲座 谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况： 一、名词作主语 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 63 主语 谓语动词 可数名词单数或不可数名词 单数 可数名词复数 复数 只表示复数意义的集体名词people， police， cattle等 复数 family， class， group，team类集体名词 强调整体 单数 强调成员 复数 只作不可数名词用的集体名词clothing， equipment， furniture， jewellery等 单数 单复数同形的名词means， sheep， works， deer， fish等 根据其表达的单复数意义而定 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 64 The public was kept in the dark about the matter． 关于这件事情，公众被蒙在鼓里。 The public now come to know the whole story． 人们现在慢慢了解了整件事情的来龙去脉。 The football team is being rebuilt． 这个足球队正在重建。 The football team are having baths and then they are coming here for tea． 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后来这里喝茶。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 65 goods， clothes， earnings， remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 66 单句语法填空 ①Land ___ valuable; not an inch of land ___ allowed to waste．(be) ②The children ____ (be) very fond of playing farm games． ③The police _____ (have) caught the criminal． ④The equipment of our factory ___ (be) all imported from Britain． ⑤Each means ____ (have) been tried to solve the problem， but none is effective． is is are have is has 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 67 ⑥Walmart， which is one of the largest American supermarket chains， ______ (keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays． ⑦His family ___ (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family． ⑧My family ____ (be) going on a trip this summer． keeps is are 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 68 二、数量概念词作主语 主语 谓语动词 表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语 单数 the rest/part (of)及分数、百分数等 根据所指代或修饰的名词而定 a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 the number of＋可数名词复数 单数 a quantity of/quantities of 根据quantity的形式而定 more than one/many a＋可数名词单数 单数 one of＋可数名词复数 单数 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 69 A number of people were killed by flying debris． 一些人遭飞溅的碎片致死。 Many a good man has been destroyed by drink． 许多好人都毁在了饮酒上。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 70 (1)“more＋复数名词＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)在“one of＋复数名词/代词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有one之前出现the only， the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数。 More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree． 不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。 He is one of the students who have passed the exam． 他是通过这次考试的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam． 他是通过这次考试的唯一一个学生。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 71 用be动词的适当形式填空 ①A number of new houses ______ built there three years ago． ②At present， the number of the unemployed ___ still increasing． ③A large quantity of money ____ spent on the bridge． ④Quantities of time _____ spent in saving the wounded． ⑤The rest of the lecture ___ dull． ⑥The rest of the bicycles ____ on sale today． were is was were is are 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 72 三、不定代词作主语 主语 谓语动词 either， each (of)， anyone， somebody， everything， no one等 单数 both/few/many/several (of)等 复数 all/some/most (of) 指代或修饰可数名词复数 复数 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 none (of) 指代或修饰可数名词复数 单、复数均可 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 73 Since everyone is here， let's begin our meeting． 既然大家都到了，那我们就开会吧。 None of them knows/know the answers． 他们中没有人知道答案。 None of the information about him has been received． 一点也没收到有关他的消息。 Most of the students in this class are good at mathematics． 这个班的大多数学生数学很好。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 74 单句写作 ①大家都急于达成一致。 All ____________ reach an agreement． ②结果好，一切都好。 All _______ that ends well． ③这些电话没有一部能用。 None of the telephones ______________． are eager to is well is/are working 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 75 Both eggs and milk are good for your health． 鸡蛋和牛奶都有益于你的健康。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter． 学生和老师都不知道这件事。 四、并列结构作主语 主语 谓语动词 由both ... and ... 连接 复数 由either ... or ... ， neither ... nor ... ， or， not only ... but also ... ， not ... but ... 连接 就近一致 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 76 (1)and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no， each， every， many a等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。 The writer and poet was dead yesterday． 那位作家兼诗人昨天去世了。(表示同一个人时，注意poet前无冠词。) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy． 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 Every hour and every minute is important． 每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 77 单句语法填空 ①Each teacher and each student ____ (be) given a ticket． ②Not only he but also all his family ____ (be) keen on concerts． ③____ (be) you or he good at English? ④Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (want) to go climbing． ⑤Every boy and every girl _____ (like) the film star． ⑥All we need ___ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year． was are Are wants likes is 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 78 五、其他情况 情况 谓语动词 主语后有with， like， along/together with， as well as， rather than类短语 与主语一致 there be句式中 就近一致 不定式、动名词作主语 通常为单数 主语从句作主语 通常为单数 定语从句中关系代词作主语 与先行词一致 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 79 Steve， together with his wife and children， is arriving tonight． 史蒂夫和妻子以及孩子们将于今晚到达。 There is some paper， a dictionary and five books on the desk． 桌子上有一些纸、一本字典和五本书。 Reading often means learning． 读书通常意味着学习。 Mr Smith， who is now downstairs， is asking to see you． 史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 80 (1)多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的单复数根据从句所指的内容而定。 What he said has been recorded． 他说的话已被录音。 What I say and think are none of your business． 我说什么、想什么与你无关。 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 81 (1)单句语法填空 ①The university estimates that living expenses for international students ____ around $8，450 a year， which ___ a burden for some of them． (be) ②The basketball coach， as well as his team， ____ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance． are is was 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 82 (2)单句写作 ①我们急需的是好老师。 What we badly need ________________． ②防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。 To prevent the air from being polluted __________________________． ③他们还没有决定是否开派对。 Whether they will hold a party or not __________________． are good teachers is what we're now researching has not been decided 课时语法精讲——主谓一致 83 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．Either you or the president ___ (be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting． 2．I， who ____ (be) your close friend， will try my best to help you out of trouble． 3．The Olympic Games in the year 2016 _____ held in Rio， which ___ known to us all． (be) 4．There ____ (be) a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep it up． is am were is was 课堂效果检测(二) 85 5．Three million tons of coal ___ (be) exploited every year in the city． 6．Stories of the Long March ___ (be) popular with the young people now． 7．Mathematics ___ (be) the language of science． 8．Both rice and wheat ____ (be) grown in our country． 9．____ (have) either of your parents come to see you recently? 10．What the children in the mountain village need ____ (be) good books． is is is are Has are 课堂效果检测(二) 86 Ⅱ．单句写作 1．(学校)为孩子们买了大量的故事书。 A large quantity of storybooks _______________ for the children． 2．信不信由你，这里的每个人都有音乐天赋。 Believe it or not， everyone here __________________． 3．学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。 Neither the students nor the teacher ___________________________________． has been bought has a gift for music knows the reason why she didn't turn up 课堂效果检测(二) 87 4．所有家具都已经被搬到了另一个房间里。 All the furniture _________________ another room． 5．我的邻居兼同事正在浇花。 My neighbour and colleague _____________________． 6．当事故发生时，许多学生在现场。 Many a student ______________ when the accident happened． 7．知道这个秘密的人数量很有限。 The number of the people who know the secret _____________． has been moved to is watering the flowers was on the spot is very limited 课堂效果检测(二) 88 8．该短信平台已经应用于实际之中。 The texting platform ________________ to practice． 9．房间里有一位老师和两个男孩。 ________________ and two boys in the room． 10．不要选他，他不适合这份工作。 Don't choose him， ____________________． has been applied There is a teacher who is not fit for the job 课堂效果检测(二) 89 课后课时作业（三） Ⅰ　完形填空 I work as a university professor at an art school in Australia． Last year， I decided to ____1__ online classes to gain some knowledge of Chinese to prepare for an exchange project． My teacher and I would meet a few times a month to practice __2__ and go over grammar． During our communication， he also __3__ details of his life． Gradually， the __4__ of the first few lessons gave way to more familiarity and comfort． I stopped feeling embarrassed and began to open up about my own __5__ and my battle with Chinese． “Don't worry; I'm here to __6__ you． You're hardworking and I'm sure you'll do well in it，” said my teacher． I had __7__ my students with similar words in my own teaching． It was __8__ to hear them directed at me． The tables turned． 课后课时作业（三） 91 “You are __9__ today，” my teacher would say when I used varied vocabulary or expressions． When I heard these four words， I got a feeling of __10__． It also surprised me that my confidence could be encouraged by such __11__ praise． That was when I became aware how __12__ I had praised my students． I thought much praise made them self－satisfied． But now， I had a change of heart and __13__ that these plain words can mean a lot． Words __14__． And now I become more __15__ when I use them． 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者学习中文的心路历程并告诉我们，即使是简单的赞美也能鼓舞一个人的信心。 课后课时作业（三） 92 1．A．go up with B．sign up for C．make up for D．come up with 答案：B　go up with “与……一起”；sign up for “注册；报名参加”；make up for “补偿”；come up with “想出；提出”。根据后文“online classes to gain some knowledge of Chinese to prepare for an exchange project”可知，作者为了一个交流项目要学习中文，因此报名参加网络课程。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 93 2．A．writing B．listening C．translation D．conversation 3．A．shared B．recorded C．avoided D．debated 答案：D　根据后文“During our communication”可知，作者和老师除了进行语法复习之外，还会进行对话练习。故选D。 答案：A　share “分享”；record “记录”；avoid “避免”；debate “争论”。前文提到作者和老师会进行对话练习，因此会在对话练习中分享一些细节。故选A。 课后课时作业（三） 94 4．A．nervousness B．embarrassment C．excitement D．expectation 5．A．routine B．achievement C．background D．education 答案：B　nervousness “紧张”；embarrassment “尴尬”；excitement “兴奋”；expectation “期盼”。根据后文“I stopped feeling embarrassed”可知，作者在刚开始上课的时候感到尴尬。故选B。 答案：C　routine “日常”；achievement “成就”；background “背景；经历”；education “教育”。根据后文“You're hardworking and I'm sure you'll do well in it”可知，作者学习中文的过程有一些痛苦的过程和挣扎，这是他学习中文的经历。故选C。 课后课时作业（三） 95 6．A．contribute B．remind C．teach D．inspire 7．A．rescued B．informed C．praised D．comforted 答案：C　contribute “作贡献”；remind “提醒”；teach “教(课程)；教授”；inspire “激发”。根据前文“My teacher and I would meet a few times a month to practice __2__ and go over grammar．”可知，老师是要教作者中文。故选C。 答案：D　rescue “拯救”；inform “通知”；praise “表扬”；comfort “安慰”。根据前文“I work as a university professor at an art school in Australia．”可知，作者作为大学的老师，也用“做得好”这样的话安慰过自己的学生。故选D。 课后课时作业（三） 96 8．A．strange B．pleased C．upset D．concerned 9．A．fluent B．brave C．excellent D．energetic 答案：A　根据后文“The tables turned．(形势逆转了。)”可知，作者作为大学老师经常会用“做得好”这样的话来安慰自己的学生，所以当作者听到中文老师说这样的话的时候应该是感觉到非常的奇怪。故选A。 答案：C　根据后文“my teacher would say when I used varied vocabulary or expressions”可知，当作者在学习语言的过程中使用了不同的词汇时，老师表扬作者很棒。故选C。 课后课时作业（三） 97 10．A．calm B．joy C．relief D．safety 11．A．common B．special C．mild D．simple 答案：B　calm “平静”；joy “开心”；relief “宽慰”；safety “安全”。当受到老师表扬时，应该非常开心。故选B。 答案：D　句意：让我惊讶的是，这样简单的赞美可以鼓舞我的信心。common “普通的”；special “特别的”；mild “温和的”；simple “简单的”。故选D。 课后课时作业（三） 98 12．A．rarely B．naturally C．necessarily D．casually 13．A．wondered B．understood C．reflected D．remembered 答案：A　rarely “极少地”；naturally “自然地”；necessarily “必要地”；casually “随意地”。根据后文“I thought much praise made them self－satisfied．”可知，作者过去认为对学生进行过多的表扬会让他们自满，因此作者在教学的过程中很少表扬学生。故选A。 答案：B　句意：但现在，我改变了主意，明白了这些平淡的话语可以意味着很多。wonder “好奇”；understand “了解；明白”；reflect “反应”；remember “记得”。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 99 14．A．remain B．fail C．matter D．develop 15．A．curious B．certain C．particular D．thoughtful 答案：C　remain “保持”；fail “失败”；matter “要紧；有关系”；develop “发展”。根据前文“that these plain words can mean a lot”可知，作者认为一些话虽然简单，但是对于人的作用还是很大的。故选C。 答案：D　curious “好奇的”；certain “确定的”；particular “特别的”；thoughtful “深思熟虑的”。根据前文“Words __14__．”可知，此处指现在当作者使用它们的时候，变得更深思熟虑了。故选D。 课后课时作业（三） 100 Ⅱ　阅读 A Having a learning disability doesn't mean you can't learn， but you'll need some help and need to work extra hard． If you have a learning disability such as dyslexia or dyscalculia， remember that you are not slow or stupid． Learning disabilities can be genetic (基因的)． That means they can be passed down in families through the genes． But kids today have an advantage over their parents． Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works， and it is easier for kids to get the help they need． 课后课时作业（三） 101 Dyslexia is a learning disability that means a kid has a lot of trouble reading and writing． Kids who have trouble with math may have dyscalculia． Other kids may have language disorders， meaning they have trouble understanding language and understanding what they read． It can be confusing， though． How do we tell if a kid has a learning disability? Reading， doing math， and writing letters may be tough for lots of kids at first． But when those troubles don't fade away (逐渐消失) and it's really difficult to make any progress， it's possible that the kid has a learning disability． 课后课时作业（三） 102 Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting. You might feel different from everyone else. But the truth is that learning disabilities are pretty common. And if your learning specialist or psychologist has figured out which one you're facing， you're on the right track. Now， you can start getting the help you need to do better in school. But for this special help to really work， you'll need to practice the new skills you're learning. It may take a lot of efforts every day. That can be a challenge， but you can do it. Soon， you'll enjoy the results of all your hard work: more fun and success in school． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习障碍以及应对学习障碍的方法。 课后课时作业（三） 103 1．Children are likely to have a learning disability ________． A．if their parents have the same problem B．if they are not interested in a subject C．if they don't get help in time D．if they don't work hard 答案： A　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“Learning disabilities can be genetic (基因的)． That means they can be passed down in families through the genes．”可知，学习障碍是可以遗传的。如果父母有这样的问题，孩子也可能会有学习障碍。故选A。 课后课时作业（三） 104 2．How can you know if you have a learning disability? A．Your teacher says you are a slow student． B．You can't make progress after hard work． C．You have trouble with some lessons at first． D．Your learning style is different from others． 答案： B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it's really difficult to make any progress， it's possible that the kid has a learning disability”可知，当孩子们在学习上很难取得任何进展时，孩子可能有学习障碍。如果你经过努力后，还是没有取得进步，那就说明你可能有学习障碍。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 105 3．What do we know about the learning disability? A．It is a physical disease． B．It can be treated by doctors quickly． C．It happens to children who are lazy． D．It gets you into trouble when learning a subject． 答案： D　细节理解题。根据第四段末句“But when those troubles ... a learning disability．”可知，当孩子遇到的学习困难没有消失，他们在学习上很难取得任何进展时，孩子可能有学习障碍。由此可知，学习障碍使孩子们学习某个科目有困难。故选D。 课后课时作业（三） 106 4．What's the main purpose of the text? A．To find out the reasons for learning disabilities． B．To get parents to know more about their children． C．To help people know and deal with learning disabilities． D．To ask teachers to help students with learning disabilities． 答案： C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了什么是学习障碍，学习障碍的类型以及如何应对学习障碍，因此本文的目的是让我们了解和应对学习障碍。故选C。 课后课时作业（三） 107 B About 21，000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings. Instead， they receive their elementary (初等的) and high school education by working at home on computers． The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools”， and that is about twice as many as two years ago． 课后课时作业（三） 108 The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live． Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools． They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well． Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed． These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools． They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school． 课后课时作业（三） 109 Whatever the judgment of cyberschools， they are getting more and more popular． For example， a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall． It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen． Children get free equipment for their online education． This includes a computer， a printer， books and technical services． Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary． 课后课时作业（三） 110 Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another． But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time． They were guests of honor at their graduation． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。现在，越来越多的美国学生打破传统的学习方法，在家里上网络学校。文章介绍了网络学校这种新的教育形式及其优缺点。 课后课时作业（三） 111 5．What do we know from the passage about students of a cyberschool? A．They have to take long bus rides to school． B．They study at home rather than in classrooms． C．They receive money from traditional public schools． D．They do well in traditional school programs． 答案： B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Instead， they receive ... by working at home on computers．”可知，网络学校的学生在家通过电脑学习，而不是在教室里学习。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 112 6．What is a problem with cyberschools? A．Their equipment costs a lot of money． B．They get little support from the state government． C．It is hard to know students' progress in learning． D．The students find it hard to make friends． 答案： C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well．”可知，网络学校使得学生可以在家学习，但同时也很难知道学生是否有进步。故选C。 课后课时作业（三） 113 7．Cyberschools are getting popular because ________． A．they are less expensive for students B．their students can work at their own speed C．their graduates are more successful in society D．they serve students in a wider age range 答案： B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed．”可知，网络学校这种新的教育形式使得学生可以按照自己的节奏来学习。故选B。 课后课时作业（三） 114 8．We can infer that the author of the passage is ________． A．unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools B．excited about the future of cyberschools C．doubtful about the quality of cyberschools D．disappointed at the development of cyberschools 答案： A　推理判断题。文章只是对网络学校作了客观、公正的描述，介绍了其优缺点。文中并未表明作者的主观看法和感受。故选A。 课后课时作业（三） 115 Ⅲ　语法填空 Many different kinds of films， mysteries， musicals， love stories， and horror films included， __1__ (produce)， are being shot and will be made by Hollywood． Different as these films may be， they generally have one thing in common—conflict． The main character wants something so __2__ (bad) that he will do everything to get it． The opponent tries to stop the main character __3__ (achieve) his goal． This opposition creates conflict， and conflict is the heart of the drama． To give __4__ instance， the main character is a young man of humble (卑微的) origins __5__ 课后课时作业（三） 116 wants to marry the beautiful daughter of a rich banker． The father thinks the young man is unworthy __6__ his daughter， and he does not allow her to see him． The young man， who is deep in love， __7__ (refuse) to give up without a fight． The conflict between the young man and the girl's father is what __8__ (make) the story interesting． In a good story， the main character changes—he is not the same at the end of the story as he was at the __9__ (begin)． He learns something from his experiences that makes __10__ (he) a different person． And we also learn something． Good movies not only entertain us， but help us understand more about life． 课后课时作业（三） 117 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________ 5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________ 9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。好莱坞盛产各种各样的电影，但是这些电影通常有一个共同的主题——冲突。好的电影不仅让人娱乐，而且让人了解生活。 课后课时作业（三） 118 1．have been produced　考查动词的时态和语态。主语为many different kinds of ... films，与谓语动词produce是被动关系，应用被动语态，且根据语境可知，此处需用现在完成时。故填have been produced。 2．badly　考查词性转换。句意：主角非常想要某物，以至于他会尽一切努力去得到。这里用副词修饰动词wants。故填badly。 3．achieving　考查非谓语动词。句意：对手尽力阻止主角实现他的目标。stop sb (from) doing sth “阻止某人做某事”。故填achieving。 4．an　考查冠词。这里表示泛指，且instance的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 课后课时作业（三） 119 5．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a young man，指人，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 6．of　考查固定搭配。句意：这位父亲认为年轻人配不上他的女儿，所以他不允许女儿见他。be unworthy of “不配”。故填of。 7．refuses　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是The young man，谓语动词应用单数；根据从句谓语is可知，应用一般现在时。故填refuses。 8．makes　考查动词的时态。设空处在表语从句中作谓语，从句主语what指conflict，且主句谓语为一般现在时，从句也应用一般现在时。故填makes。 课后课时作业（三） 120 9．beginning　考查词性转换。根据设空前的the可知，此处应用名词。at the beginning “起初”。故填beginning。 10．him　考查代词。句意：他从经历中学到了一些东西并使他成为一个不一样的人。此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，设空处应用宾格。故填him。 课后课时作业（三） 121 课后课时作业（四） Ⅰ　阅读 A Learning Chinese could be one of the most important decisions you ever make. Chinese is becoming the language to learn in the 21st century. With the world's largest population and a rapidly growing middle class， China stands to become the engine of the world's economy in the coming years. This will make learning Chinese very important for people in many industries， or for those of us who wish to visit China or learn from its culture and history. 课后课时作业（四） 123 There is an ongoing effort to modernize the writing system and standardize the language. An increasing number of people learning Chinese are learning the Mandarin， so unless you absolutely need to learn another dialect (such as Cantonese)， be sure you are studying Mandarin. For native English speakers， Chinese is one of the most difficult and most different languages to learn. The vocabulary is wholly unfamiliar and unlike anything we know. In addition， in the Chinese tone system， words are spoken in rising or falling tones， which help to distinguish between them. Furthermore， there is the Chinese writing 课后课时作业（四） 124 system—a collection of thousands of individual ideograms (表意文字)， or symbols， which represent a word or an idea. These ideograms have no phonetic value—that is to say， we can't tell how the word is pronounced by how it is written. There is a method to present written Chinese in a phonetic script called pinyin. If you are learning Chinese， you'll be working with this pinyin system， but the beauty of the traditional writing system shouldn't be passed up. All these factors make learning Chinese difficult for us. Yet， for a determined learner， there's always a way to overcome it. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汉语的特点及学汉语的重要性和困难。 课后课时作业（四） 125 1.Learning Chinese is becoming more and more important， because ________. A.Chinese engines are very welcome B.China has the world's largest population C.there are more and more rich people in China D.China has become important to the world economy 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China stands to become ... people in many industries”可知，中国将在未来几年成为世界经济的引擎，这使学习汉语变得非常重要。故选D。 课后课时作业（四） 126 2.The last paragraph mainly tells us about ________. A.the difficulties of learning Chinese B.the advantages of learning Chinese C.the Chinese tone system D.the Chinese writing system 答案：A　段落大意题。根据最后一段首句“For native English speakers， Chinese is one of the most difficult and most different languages to learn.”可知，本段主要介绍了学习汉语的困难。故选A。 课后课时作业（四） 127 3.From the text we can learn that ________. A.the author thinks Chinese is as difficult as English B.the author is interested in the Chinese language and its culture C.foreign languages can play a great role in industrial development D.as long as the pinyin system is learned well， one can learn Chinese well 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段作者对汉语拼音和汉语文字体系的理解可推知，作者对汉语和中国文化很感兴趣。故选B。 课后课时作业（四） 128 4.What would be probably written following this text? A.The sources of Chinese characters. B.The importance of learning Chinese. C.The advice on how to learn Chinese. D.The difficulties of learning other languages. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Yet， for a determined learner， there's always a way to overcome it.”可知，作者认为对有决心的学习者来说，总有办法克服这些困难。由此可推知，接下来作者可能会介绍一些学习汉语的建议。故选C。 课后课时作业（四） 129 B As parents， if you want to keep your children learning over this summer break， here is an idea. Parents and children can learn a second language together. No need to spend any money or sign up for a class. The Internet and the library are the only essentials (必需品) that are needed. 课后课时作业（四） 130 Together parents and children can select a second language that they can learn together. Once a language has been chosen， begin to search the Internet to find out much information about the history of that language and where it comes from. Then go to the library to check out books， videos， and audiotape on learning to speak that language. Together， read the books， watch the videos， and listen to the audiotape， while practicing， speaking and writing the new language to each other. Parents and children can use their new language in the following ways. For example， go to a restaurant where that language is spoken. In addition， have daily conversations in the newly learned second language. By learning and using this language， it builds a bond between the parents and the children. Moreover， it promotes learning in a fun way during the summer break. 课后课时作业（四） 131 Furthermore， you can click https：//translate.google. com， which is a great online resource to use when learning to speak a second language. This is an excellent Google free online translation service that allows people to select their first language and the second language that they are learning and to translate quickly. For example， a person's primary language is English and the second language that he's learning is French. He can put in words or sentences in English and it will translate them into French quickly. In a word， learning a second language can be fun for all ages. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了家长可以如何利用假期和孩子们一起学习一门外语。 课后课时作业（四） 132 5.Once you have decided to learn a second language， ________. A.you must sign up for a class B.you should buy some related books C.you can turn to a teacher for help D.you can visit a library free of charge 答案： D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，与孩子一起学习外语，不必花钱或报班，你可以在互联网和图书馆获取帮助。故选D。 课后课时作业（四） 133 答案： C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Then go to the library to check out books， videos， and audiotape on learning to speak that language.”可知，学习外语时可以从图书馆借书、录像带和录音磁带。故选C。 6.Which of the following can help learn a second language according to the passage? A.Books and cameras. B.Audiotape and play. C.Videos and audiotape. D.Books and phones. 课后课时作业（四） 134 7.As parents and kids learn a language together， ________. A.they can possibly become the best language users B.they can go to different kinds of restaurants together C.they can improve their abilities as soon as possible D.they can get along better with each other than ever 答案： D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“it builds a bond between the parents and the children”可知，和孩子一起学习外语，父母和孩子们之间的关系会更融洽。故选D。 课后课时作业（四） 135 8.What's the main idea of the passage? A.Parents and kids can learn a new language in vacation. B.Kids are out of school and have a full rest at home. C.Parents must focus their attention on kids' education. D.Kids must learn a second language in their free time. 答案： A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者对家长和孩子如何一起度过暑假提出了建议。通过一起学习一门外语，家长和孩子可以过一个既有趣又有意义的假期。故选A。 课后课时作业（四） 136 Ⅱ　七选五 As for language learning， we can find that when you're a beginner at learning a language， you may feel proud about how much you can understand and say. __1__ This can feel a bit overwhelming (压倒一切的) and， therefore， lead to depressed. Here are several tips if you are also finding it a little harder than usual to motivate yourself. __2__ There must have been at least a few reasons why you committed yourself to learning a whole new language. Physically writing a list of these reasons will give you a chance to reflect on and remember why. You might even come up with some new reasons too! 课后课时作业（四） 137 Having a look back at your old work. __3__ Remember how little you knew when you were just a beginner? Hopefully seeing your progress will make you realize how far you have come， and how much better you will get if you keep learning more! Try something new. Sometimes doing the same old thing， like memorizing vocabulary list after vocabulary list， can be really boring. __4__ Why not make a mind map with pictures and colors to learn your vocabulary this time? __5__ And there are so many reasons to be motivated. Congratulate yourself on how far you have come and be excited by how much more you can achieve! 课后课时作业（四） 138 A.Language learning does require a lot of motivation. B.You will probably see a great change in your ability. C.Think back to why you started learning the language. D.Limit yourself to learning just a few new words a day. E.Sometimes for one reason or another， we can find that it is gone. F.When you get better， you realize that you still have much to learn. G.Try to find a new activity which will make things interesting again. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在学习语言的过程中激励自己的三条建议。 课后课时作业（四） 139 1.F　根据上文“when you're a beginner at learning a language， you may feel proud”及下文 “This can feel ... lead to depressed.”可知，此处与上文形成对比，F项(当你学得更好时，你意识到你还有很多东西要学。)符合语境；且下文中“This”指代F项提到的这件事情。故选F。 2.C　根据下文“There must have been at least a few reasons why ... ”以及关键词 “reasons”可知，本段所谈论的是回想你开始学习语言的原因，C项(回想一下你为何开始学习语言。)最适合作该段的主题句。故选C。 课后课时作业（四） 140 3.B　本段的主题句为“回顾一下以前的学习”，而下文提到了“Remember how little you knew when you were just a beginner？”以及“Hopefully seeing your progress ... ”，由此可知，B项(你可能会看到你的能力有很大改变。)符合语境，起承上启下的作用。故选B。 4.G　本段的主题句为“尝试一些新事物”，G项(试着找一个会使语言学习再次变得有趣的新活动。)与本段主题相符合，并起着承上启下的作用；且下文是对G项“新活动”的举例。故选G。 课后课时作业（四） 141 5.A　根据第一段最后一句“Here are several tips ... to motivate yourself.”以及上文提出的建议可知，语言学习需要许多的动力；且由设空后的And可知，设空处与下文“激励自己的理由有很多”之间构成顺承关系，A项(语言学习的确需要许多动力。)符合语境，既总结了上文，又与后句构成顺承关系。故选A。 课后课时作业（四） 142 Ⅲ　应用文写作 假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Steve来信说他计划收藏一些有代表性的关于中国传统文化的读物，请你给他写一封回信，推荐两本经典中文启蒙读物《千字文》和《三字经》。内容包括： 1.篇幅特点；2.参考价格；3.文化价值。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 课后课时作业（四） 143 参考词汇：儿童启蒙读本 children's primer; 《千字文》 Thousand Character Classic; 《三字经》 Three Character Classic Dear Steve， I'm so pleased to learn that you are collecting some traditional Chinese books.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ Please let me know if you want me to buy these books for you. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课后课时作业（四） 144 [精彩范文] Dear Steve， I'm so pleased to learn that you are collecting some traditional Chinese books. I'd like to recommend the following two popular children's primers. The first is called Thousand Character Classic， which has a great influence in China and is really a good primer for beginners. It has 250 sentences and 994 Chinese characters. As each sentence is made up of 4 characters， it's easy to memorize and recite. The other is Three Character Classic and it has a collection of 1，422 characters. 课后课时作业（四） 145 The content of this book covers a wide range of topics. By reading it， you can have a good knowledge of what has happened in the history of China. Of the two， the Three Character Classic is a little more expensive， costing 18 yuan， while the Thousand Character Classic costs 12 yuan. Please let me know if you want me to buy these books for you. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课后课时作业（四） 146 R 【课文三维剖析】 【课文全译文】 　　说明：带方框符号的是连词；下划横线是从句；下划波浪线是非谓语；双下划线是特殊结构 THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORY 　　Memory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers some of ①the most common questions about memory． ①the most common形容词的最高级 1 Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week？ 记忆的秘密 　　记忆专家杰迈玛·格利亚兹诺夫(Jemima Gryaznov)回答了一些关于记忆的最常见的问题。 1．为什么我记得童年时期的一些事却不记得上周发生的事情？ 　　 We remember things ②eq \x(that) have strong connections in our mind， especially emotional connections． Childhood memories are often very emotional． ③This is because ④eq \x(when) we experience things for the first time， we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement． Also， interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again． As a result， we remember them much better， ⑤eq \x(as) retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories． 　　我们会记住与头脑中有较强关联的事情，特别是情感联系。童年记忆往往非常感性。这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。除此之外，我们童年时代有趣或好笑的故事总是讲了又讲。重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象，我们能更好地记住这些经历。 　　What can we learn from all this? When remembering something new， try to connect it to our emotions． It is important to connect it with what we already know． Also， we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others． ②that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things ③This is because意为“这是因为……” ④when引导时间状语从句 ⑤as引导原因状语从句 　　 我们从中可以得到什么启发？要记住新内容，试着把内容和情感建立联系。把新内容和已知建立联系也很重要。同时，还可以试着把新学的内容讲述给另外的人。 2 Do some people really have a photographic memory？ 　　A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture， a book or an event many years later， but no one has proved ⑥eq \x(that) there are people ⑦eq \x(who) really have photographic memories． Yet， there are some people who do have amazing memories． For example， Daniel Tammet can remember the first 22，514 digits of pi (π) and Stephen Wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after ⑧flying over it in a helicopter． They are both good at remembering particular things for a limited time． 2．真的有人有照像记忆能力吗？ 　　拥有照像记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、某本书或某个事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人真有照像记忆能力。然而，的确有些人记忆力惊人。例如，丹尼尔·塔梅(Daniel Tammet)可以记住圆周率的前22，514位数，而斯蒂芬·威尔夏(Stephen Wiltshire)可以坐直升飞机俯瞰一个城市，而后凭记忆画出这个城市的详细图片。他们都善于在有限的时间内记住特定的事物。 As most of us do not have amazing memories like them， when memorising detailed learning materials， we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn． Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation． Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known． ⑥that引导宾语从句 ⑦who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people ⑧flying over it in a helicopter为动名词短语作宾语 大多数人并不具有像他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在尝试记学习内容的细节时，只要把注意力放到概要方面，要对所学内容保持好奇。对所学内容提出问题也能帮助记忆。另外一个有效的记忆方法是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容更容易与已有知识建立联系。 3 Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday？ 　　Don't worry． This is natural for many people． In 1885， Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve． According to him， the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning． This means timely review during this period， with a few revisits to ⑨eq \x(what) is learnt， can significantly help us to remember the information． 3．为什么我会忘记昨天学的新词？ 　　别担心。这对许多人来说是很正常的。1885年，赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus)出版了《关于记忆》，提出了著名的遗忘曲线。根据他的说法，最显著的遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。这意味着在这一阶段及时复习，多次回顾所学内容，可以极大地帮助我们记住这些内容。 Therefore， one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically， especially during the first day after learning． This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effective than waiting to review everything before exams． ⑨what引导宾语从句 因此，提升我们记忆效果的一个重要原则是经常复习，特别是在学完之后的第一天。这种学习后立即进行“定时复习”有助于提升记忆，而且比等到考试前再复习全部内容有效的多。 4 I'm 16， but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse？ 　　⑩Definitely not. Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25. At that point， we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second. After this age， however， the brain starts to get smaller. By the age of 40， we lose 10，000 brain cells every day. By middle age， our memory is significantly ⑪worse than ⑫eq \x(when) we were young． 4．我16岁，但有时会忘记事情。我的记忆力是在变差吗？ 　　当然不是。我们的记忆在25岁时达到顶峰。此时，我们可以在一秒钟内记住多达200条信息。然而，此后大脑就开始变小。到了40岁，我们每天会损失10，000个脑细胞。到了中年，我们的记忆力会明显比年轻的时候差。 So take it easy. You are at a good age in terms of your memory. Make good use of it！ ⑩Definitely not为省略结构，意为“绝对不是(这样)” ⑪worse than为形容词的比较级结构 ⑫when引导时间状语从句 所以不要紧张。你正处在记忆力上佳的年龄，要充分利用这一点。 $$