UNIT 9 LEARNING Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版2019）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 9 LEARNING Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习导学 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课后课时作业（一） 6 课后课时作业（二） 7 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 课前预习导学 重点合作探究 1 approach n． 方法(教材P50) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police． 通往机场的所有路都被警察封锁了。 ②The leaves were turning brown with the approach of autumn． 随着秋天的临近，树叶变成了褐色。 ③He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem． 他想出了解决这个数学难题的新方法。 ④As Teachers' Day was approaching， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year． 教师节将至，今年我们班决定换种方式举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 重点合作探究 我们学过的表示“……的方法”的表达还有： the way to do/of (doing) sth; the means of (doing) sth; the method of (doing) sth等。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I changed my approach to ________ (learn) English this term and did a good job in the final examination． ②At the meeting they discussed three different approaches ___ the study of mathematics． (2)单句写作 这个旨在为中国西部农民筹集资金的项目被证明是解决贫困问题的有效途径。 That program meant to raise funds for farmers in the west of China proves to be an effective _________________ the problem of poverty． learning to approach to solving 重点合作探究 2 reflect vi．& vt． 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Her beautiful face and hair were reflected in the mirror． 她美丽的容颜和头发映现在镜子里。 ②You'd better reflect on/upon what he told you． 你最好认真思考他对你说的话。 ③This film is a real reflection of the living conditions of people in the western region． 这部电影真实地反映了西部地区人民的生活状况。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I often reflect ________ the beauty and complexity of life． (2)单句写作 Just as the clothes a person wears， the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time， his house ___________________ (反映出他的个性)． on/upon reflects his personality 重点合作探究 3 assume vt． 认为；假定，假设(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty． 尚未证实他有罪，我们得假定他是清白的。 ②It is reasonable to assume (that) the house prices will continue to go up． 认为房价会继续上涨是有道理的。 ③Assuming that you are right， what should we do next? 假定你是对的，我们下一步该做什么？ 重点合作探究 在英语中，有些看起来是动词－ing形式或动词－ed形式的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有： ①considering prep．& conj． 鉴于；考虑到 ②given prep． 鉴于；考虑到 ③including prep． 包括，包含 ④supposing conj． 假设，假定 ⑤provided/providing conj． 假如，倘若 ⑥concerning prep． 关于；就……而言 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①On _____ assumption that everything is prepared， we can finish the task in 3 days． ②People assume _____ stress is caused by too much work． the that 重点合作探究 (2)单句写作 ①科学家们认为火星上没有生命。 __________________ there is no life on Mars． ②我们假设他开会迟到，会发生什么呢？ Let's __________________ for the meeting; what will happen then? ③人们普遍认为高质量的商品通常价更高。 _______________________ high quality product comes from a higher price． Scientists assume that assume him to be late It is generally assumed that 重点合作探究 4 Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions， while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read．(教材P52) 内心声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者所读到的观点。 剖析 while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，前后两个分句有对比的含义。与其他并列句不同的是，while连接的分句可位于句首。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Some people waste food while others haven't enough． 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。 ②Tom's good at science， while his brother is clever at arts． 汤姆擅长理科，而他的弟弟却擅长艺术。 ③You don't have to worry while we are here． 只要我们在这儿，你就不用担心。 ④While (she was) listening to the radio， she fell asleep． 她听着收音机睡着了。 ⑤While I admit it's difficult， I can solve it． 我承认这很难，但我能解决它。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Tom is reading ________ Jim is playing football． (2)单句写作 有人尊重他，然而有人瞧不起他。 Some people respect him， ______________________________． while while others look down upon him 重点合作探究 5 argue vi． 争论，争吵(教材P52) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes． 有些人一直在争论有天赋的孩子应该被单独放在特殊的班级里这个问题。 ②Father argued against an increase in our pocket money． 父亲反对增加我们的零花钱。 ③He was in an argument with his wife downstairs． 他在楼下和妻子发生了争执。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①They are arguing ____________ the details of the contact． ②Don’t argue _____ me—you know I’m right． (2)单句写作 他赞成克隆人类，然而我反对。 He _________ cloning human beings while I'm against it． about/over/on with argues for 重点合作探究 6 end up doing 最后；最终(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work， or end up in debt． 成熟的成年人掩盖在他们工作的公司的非法活动时，有时可能会感到压力或最终负债。 ②I love how people can seem so different， but end up being so similar． 我喜欢看上去截然不同的人们，但最终变得如此相似。 ③Travelers have ended up lost on mountains， and mobile phones have saved countless lives． 旅客们最终在山上迷路了，手机已挽救了无数生命。 重点合作探究 come to an end为不及物动词短语，后面不能接宾语；需接宾语时可用bring sth to an end或put/bring an end to sth。 重点合作探究 (1)用end的相关短语填空 ①Ice becomes smaller and smaller until it disappears completely _________． ②Anderson was born into a poor family， but ___________ one of the greatest writers of his time． ③The lecture _____________ a poem of an ancient Chinese poet． ④After a luxurious life， he ___________ poverty． ⑤How time flies！The term has _______________． in the end ended up as ended up with ended up in come to an end 重点合作探究 ⑥It's hoped that the talks may ______________ the violence in schools． ⑦With prices rising all the time， he could barely ______________． ⑧We had hardly anything to eat for days _______． (2)单句写作 她想通过节食变得苗条，但最终又变胖了。 She tried to be slim by going on a diet， but ________________ weight back on． bring an end to make ends meet on end ended up putting 重点合作探究 7 If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view． (教材P53) 如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 剖析 if not意为“如果没有；如果不是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，可以省略前面出现过的主语和动词，用来代替整个从句，表示否定意义；如果表达肯定的意义则用if so。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Is anybody feeling cold？If not， let us open the windows． 有人觉得冷吗？如果没有的话，我们把窗户打开。 ②Have you got a free evening next week? If so (＝If you have)， let's go dancing． 下周你哪个晚上有空？如果有空，我们去跳舞。 ③If necessary， you can turn to me for help． 必要的时候，你可以向我求助。 ④Please try to find out the differences between the two words． If any， speak it out． 请试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Please let me know how many are coming， ___ any． (2)单句写作 所以，如果有可能的话，最好在退休账户中使用这种方法。 So it's best to play with this strategy in a retirement account， __________． if if possible 重点合作探究 8 work out 弄懂某事物；计算出(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into practice． 我们已经制定好了计划，现在必须付诸实践。 ②I used to go to the gym three times a week， but I don't work out any more． 我过去一周去三次健身房，但我(现在)不再锻炼了。 ③We'll work on a project next Monday and we're getting everything prepared today． 我们下星期一要做一个项目，今天要把一切准备好。 ④I have made up my mind to work hard at English． 我下决心努力学英语。 ⑤I work as a firefighter and my wife is a nurse． 我的工作是消防员，我妻子是护士。 重点合作探究 (1)写出下列句中work out的含义 ①I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn't respond to it． _______ ②This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work out． _____ ③We didn’t plan our art exhibition， but it worked out well． _____ ④While my brothers are golfing， I usually work out in the gym． _____ 制订出 解决 结果 锻炼 重点合作探究 (2)单句写作 你不可能准确预测所有事情，通常事情的最终结果并不像你预料的那样。 You can't predict everything accurately; often things don't __________ as you expect． work out 重点合作探究 9 attempt to 尝试(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①And body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures． 当我们试着进行跨文化交流时，肢体语言显得尤为重要。 ②They made an attempt to escape/at escaping but was caught by the police． ＝They attempted to escape/at escaping but was caught by the police． 他们企图逃跑，但是被警察抓住了。 ③David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam， so that he could be sure of passing it at his first attempt． 大卫充分准备了化学考试，为了确保他一次就能通过(考试)。 重点合作探究 语境串记 He made an attempt to practise and attempted to pass the driving test at his first attempt． 他试着努力训练，试图一次就通过汽车驾驶考试。 重点合作探究 attempt to do sth相当于try to do sth， 意为“尽力做……”，表示努力的过程，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth/manage to do sth 意为“成功地做了某事”，结果是成功的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I've made ___ attempt to convince her of his honesty， but in vain． ②The girl attempted ________ (figure) out the boy’s attitude towards her but without success． (2)单句写作 她面试时一次就成功通过了。 She passed the interview successfully ________________． an to figure at the first attempt 重点合作探究 10 If you try to find out the source of an idea， no matter how crazy it seems， you will increase your chance of learning something．(教材P53) 如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。 剖析 no matter how引导让步状语从句，意为“无论如何；不管怎样”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于“however＋形容词/副词”。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①No matter how/However late it is， his mother is always waiting for him． 不管多晚，母亲总是等着他。 ②No matter how/However difficult it is， I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time． 无论有多么困难，我决定提前完成工作。 ③No matter what/Whatever you say， I won't believe you any longer． 无论你说什么，我再也不会相信你了。 ④However hard he may try， he can't finish it in three days． 他不管怎么努力，都没办法在三天内完成它。 重点合作探究 疑问词ever和“no matter＋疑问词”： (1)whatever， whichever， whoever， whomever可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what/which/who/whom，位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。 (2)wherever， whenever， however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no matter where/when/how，可放在主句前或主句后。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 No matter _____ hard life is， I'll always believe in myself． (2)单句写作 无论他在哪儿，他都会吃过早饭后去散步。 ______________________ he is， he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast． how No matter where/Wherever 重点合作探究 11 It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature， after all． But do not forget you can still learn from them． (教材P53) 确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人，毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。 剖析 cannot help doing sth表示“忍不住做某事；情不自禁做某事”。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Whenever I look at it， I couldn't help thinking of my friend． 每当我看到它时，我就忍不住会想起我的朋友。 ②As I held my father's hands one night， I couldn't help but notice their calluses and roughness． 一天晚上我握住父亲的手时，我才注意到他手上的老茧和粗糙的皮肤。 ③She is busy preparing for the exam and can't help (to) clean the room up． 她忙着准备考试，不能帮忙打扫房间了。 ④If he doesn't listen to our advice， we can't help it． 如果他不听劝，我们也没办法。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I can't help but ________ (think) that we have no right to destroy nature． (2)单句写作 无论什么时候回忆起这个有趣的故事，我都忍不住大笑。 Whenever I recall this funny story， I __________________________． think can't help bursting into laughter 重点合作探究 12 be based on ... 以……为根据(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The report is based on figures from six different European cities． 报告是基于欧洲六个不同城市的数据。 ②I found a small leaf at the base of the flower． 我在那朵花的底部发现一片小叶子。 ③On the base of these facts， we can reach the following conclusions． 以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。 ④You should base your theory on/upon practice． 你应该把你的理论建立在实践的基础上。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Our company should be based ___ Beijing． (2)单句写作 这部电影是根据同名人气小说改编的。 The movie __________ the popular novel of the same name． in is based on 重点合作探究 13 exist vi． 存在；实际上有(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①Some strange ideas exist in his mind． 他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。 ②The people trapped in the earthquake existed on the water for several days． 地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。 ③There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography． 有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。 ④Laws must be faith， otherwise it will exist only in name． 法律必须被信仰，否则它将形同虚设。 重点合作探究 exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 The custom of arranged marriages still exists ___ many countries． (2)单句写作 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始的。 No one knows when such a custom first _________________． in came into existence 重点合作探究 14 This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends． (教材P53) 反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。 剖析 本句中的as well “也，又；还有”(用作状语，相当于too 或 also，常位于句末)。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I am going to London and my sister is going as well． 我要去伦敦，我妹妹也要去。 ②It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades． 它确实帮助我提高了信心、社交技巧和成绩。 ③The famous musician， as well as his students， was invited to perform at the opening ceremony． 那位著名的音乐家和他的学生都被邀请在开幕式上演出。 ④The teacher as well as all his students is going to have a picnic this weekend． 这个周末老师与学生们一起去野炊。 重点合作探究 as well as的用法 (1)as well as用作介词时相当于besides， in addition to，意思是“除……之外(还有)”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。 (2)as well as也可作连词，连接并列成分，相当于and，意为“和；也；不但……(而且……)；既……(又……)”，用于连接平行结构。它连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。有类似用法的词语还有along with， with， besides， but， except， rather than等。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：as well/too/either/also as well 用在肯定句中，放在句末。 too 在肯定句中使用，放在句子末尾，通常用逗号隔开；有时也可置于句中。 either 在否定句中使用，放在句子末尾，通常用逗号隔开。 also 放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Air is necessary for people; it is necessary for plants ____ well． ②The headmaster as well as some of our English teachers _____ (be) given a chance to go abroad last year． ③You ______ as well leave at once， for the headmaster stopped students from coming in． as was might 重点合作探究 (2)选词填空(either/as well/also/too) ①I have not been to the World Expo， ______． ②I want to go to the cinema tonight， and he wants _______． ③Li Ming _____ took part in the ceremony． ④He works as a volunteer and I do， ____． either as well also too 重点合作探究 15 ignore vt． 忽视；置之不理(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①I said hello to him， but he ignored me completely． 我向他问好，但是他完全不理我。 ②He ignored my advice and failed in the game． 他无视我的建议，输掉了比赛。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I wanted to have a word with her， but she ________ (ignore) me and went away． (2)单句写作 如果你想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。 You should not __________________ if you want to make greater progress． ignored ignore your mistakes 重点合作探究 16 impression n． 印象；感想(教材P53) 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man． 我对他的第一印象是，他是一个善良又体贴的年轻人。 ②We were all impressed by her enthusiasm． 我们都被她的热情打动了。 ③Father impressed the importance of working hard on me． 父亲使我铭记努力工作的重要性。 ④The most impressive thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way． 他给人最深刻的印象是他对任何事情的从容接纳。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Premier Li Keqiang made a good impression ____ the people all over the world． (2)单句写作 那个男孩的勇气和决心给医生们留下了深刻印象。 The boy __________________________ his courage and determination． on has impressed his doctors with 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ．根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The school has decided to adopt a new ________ (方法) to discipline． 2．Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ________ (忽视) me． 3．—Do you think Peter is a good _______ (搭档)? —Not really! There are some things that are not easy to put up with， and his laziness is one of them． 4．His music ________ (反映) his love for his motherland． 5．For years it's been ________ (认为) that brain， much like the body， declines with age． approach ignored partner reflects assumed 课堂效果检测(一) 75 6．If there were no a________ washing machines， people would have to wash their clothes by hand or with hand－operated machines． 7．Good job candidates must show a f________ approach to problems． 8．We should organize useful activities， which will p________ the relationship of the students． 9．Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first a________． 10．He thought that if he couldn't see something， it didn't e________． utomatic lexible romote ttempt xist 课堂效果检测(一) 76 Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．You like sports， _____ I’d rather watch TV． 2．Dad didn't attend my graduation ceremony yesterday afternoon because he was meeting some business _______ (partner) from Europe． 3．Below the mountains， the sunshine reflects ____ the many lakes， which makes them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside． 4．Traffic restrictions have come into effect in Beijing at ____ attempt to improve the capital's air quality and traffic situation． while partners on an 课堂效果检测(一) 77 5．More than 80% of the citizens argue _____ the income tax should not be abolished， because it contributes to the whole society． 6．_____ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason， you'll regret it sooner or later． 7．So ill was she that it seemed ________ (likely) that she would pull through． 8．He is going to do all he can to remove the unpleasant __________ (impress) the classmates have on him． 9．At first， Alice didn’t study well in our class， but she ended up ________ (top) in our class with great efforts． 10．We assumed him _____ (be) the best writer of our time． that Base unlikely impression topping to be 课堂效果检测(一) 78 Ⅲ．单句写作 1．看完很多房子后，我们最终买了湖边的那一套。 After seeing so many houses， we _________ buying the one on the lakeside． 2．在我作出最终决定前，我需要时间来认真考虑你的提议。 I need time to _________ what you have offered before I make the final decision． 3．全国上下都在努力寻找一种便宜却行之有效的雾霾解决方案。 The whole nation is struggling to __________ an inexpensive yet effective solution to smog． ended up reflect on work out 课堂效果检测(一) 79 4．他的话给我留下了深刻的印象。 His words ____________________________________________． 5．看到那个场景，我禁不住想起我幸福的童年。 Seeing the scene I ___________________ my happy childhood． 6．今天我们不仅可以通过电脑，还可以通过手机交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天和写博客。 Today we can talk， text， e-mail， chat and blog， not only from our computers but from our mobile phones _______． made a deep impression on me/impressed me deeply can't help thinking of as well 课堂效果检测(一) 80 7．无论谁违背规则，他都会受到惩罚。 __________________________________， he will be punished． 8．必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。 __________， you can contact me at home． 9．你喜欢运动，而我喜欢阅读。 You like sports ______ I like reading． 10．这个年轻人诚实、有合作精神。当你需要他帮助的时候，他总是在那里。简而言之，他很可靠。 That young man is honest， cooperative， always there when you need his help; ________， he's reliable． No matter who/Whoever breaks the rules If necessary while in short 课堂效果检测(一) 81 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 83 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．I refuse ______ (let) you pay for anything while you're here． 2．She wanted _____ (go) home earlier that day． 3．I suggest _______ (leave) 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress． 4．Do you like _____________ (play) chess? 5．I'll remember _______ (post) your letter． 6．I don't remember _______ (say) that to him before． to let to go leaving to play/playing to post saying 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 84 语法讲座 1．这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆： 避免错过少延期 (avoid， miss， postpone) 建议完成多练习 (advise/suggest， finish， practise) 喜欢想象与考虑 (enjoy/appreciate， imagine， consider) 承认否定与妒忌 (admit， deny， envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape， risk， excuse) 忍受保持不介意 (stand， keep， mind) 一、只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 85 Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation． 比尔建议开会讨论关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么。 Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA? 今天能不能请你作一个关于DNA的报告？ When he finished listening to the news， he turned off the radio． 听完新闻后，他就关掉了收音机。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 86 2．英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语。常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insist on (坚持)， object to (反对)， be good at (擅长)， lead to (导致)， put off (推迟)， give up (放弃)， look forward to (期待)， feel like (想要)， devote to (致力于)， get used/accustomed to (习惯于)， pay attention to (注意)， be worth (值得)， can't help (忍不住)等。 I don't think we should put off having the meeting． 我认为我们不应该推迟开会。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 87 We were used/accustomed to getting up early in the morning． 我们以前习惯早起。 Professor Wang devotes his life to protecting animals． 王教授毕生致力于保护动物。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 88 单句语法填空 ①I wouldn't consider ________ (make) these changes． ②When it comes to ________ (speak) in public， no one can match him． ③Do you feel like ______ (go) for a swim? ④I don't mind _________ (travel) by bus， but I hate ________ (stand) in queues． ⑤We can't imagine her __________ (succeed) in the entrance examination， for she has never been to school． ⑥He is looking forward to ________ (spend) his holiday in Britain． ⑦Men find it easier to give up ________ (smoke) than women． making speaking going travel(l)ing standing succeeding spending smoking 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 89 1．这类词语可借助以下口诀来记忆： 同意提出做计划 (agree， offer， intend/plan/attempt) 要求答应来帮忙 (demand/ask， promise， help) 准备决定遭拒绝 (prepare， decide， refuse) 敢于选择有希望 (dare， choose， wish/hope/want/expect) 设法负担决心坚 (manage， afford， determine) 不能做到莫假装 (fail， pretend) 二、只接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 90 Tom pretended not to have heard about it， but in fact， he knew it very well． 汤姆假装没有听说过，但实际上他很了解这件事。 Fred didn't have any money， so he decided to look for a job． 弗雷德没钱了，因此他决定找份工作。 He offered to help me with my English． 他主动提出帮我学习英语。 They managed to finish the work on time． 他们设法按时完成了工作。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 91 2．英语中有一些动词短语也可常跟不定式作宾语。常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词短语有be the first one to do (第一个去做……的人)， be due to do (预定做)， be about to do (即将要做)， make efforts to do (努力做)， make it a rule to do (照例做)， be supposed to do (应该做)， be able to do (有能力做)等。 Nobody wants to be the first one to leave， because it will be commented on． 没人想第一个离开，因为大家总会评论他。 All this was supposed to work like magic． 这一切应该魔法般地起作用。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 92 单句写作 ①当你见到你弟弟时，别忘了为你发脾气而向他道歉。 Don't forget __________ to your brother for losing your temper when you see him． ②当一个人失去信心时，他就不会想着把工作做好。 When one loses confidence， he can never expect _____ his work well． ③我终于设法找到了我要找的那本书。 I finally managed _______ the book I was looking for． to apologize to do to find 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 93 三、既可接动名词作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语 doing to do forget 忘记已经做过某事 忘记去做某事 remember 记得曾经做过某事 记得去做某事 regret 后悔做过某事 后悔/遗憾去做某事 stop 停止做一件事 停下来接着做另一件事 try 尝试着做某事 努力/试图做某事 mean 意味着做某事 想/企图做某事 can't help 情不自禁地做某事 不能帮忙做某事 go on 继续做(同一件事) 继续做(另一件事) 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 94 She didn't remember locking the door after supper． 她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。 Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom． 你离开教室时，别忘记把所有的灯关掉。 Let's try doing the work in some other way． 咱们试试用另一种方法做这项工作。 You must try to do it again． 你必须想方设法再做一次。 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 95 单句语法填空 ①After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress， Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career． ②Taking this job means ______ (take) a lot of risks． ③The engine just won't start; something seems ___________ (go) wrong with it． ④Every half an hour Mr Smith would stop _______ (have) a smoke． ⑤As soon as Peter saw me， he stopped ______ (talk) to his friends and came over． ⑥This dictionary can't help ________ (learn) English． to thank taking to have gone to have talking to learn 课时语法精讲——跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词 96 课堂效果检测(二) Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．I remembered _______ (lock) the door before I left the office， but forgot to turn off the lights． 2．It's getting warmer and warmer; our students are considering ________ (climb) the hill next weekend． 3．We always go there by train; why not try _______ (take) a bus? 4．It is difficult to imagine his _________ (accept) the decision without any consideration． to lock climbing taking accepting 课堂效果检测(二) 98 5．We've had a good start， but next， more work needs ________________ (do) to achieve the final success． 6．I'm determined to solve the mystery even if it means ___________ (travel) to New York myself． 7．They couldn't help ________ (laugh) when they heard the joke． 8．We don't permit ________ in the classroom; that is to say， students aren't permitted ________ in the classroom． (smoke) to be done/doing travel(l)ing laughing smoking to smoke 课堂效果检测(二) 99 9．I will be supposed ________ (take) another flight from New York to Arizona on Friday after the farewell party． 10．Some people are very picky about who they choose ________ (share) their lives with． to take to share 课堂效果检测(二) 100 Ⅱ．单句写作 1．Secondly, in this way, we will find a good way to practice _________________ __________________ (清晰自如地表达我们自己)． 2．In a word, ___________________________ (只要你坚持这么做), you will reap a harvest． 3．However, as a boy who has athlete's foot, I am __________________________ _____________ (盼望着发明一双鞋) helping my feet keep dry and walk comfortably． expressing ourselves so long as you insist on doing so looking forward to inventing clearly and skillfully a pair of shoes 课堂效果检测(二) 101 4．_________________ (如果你停止走路)， the micro－fan can work immediately to dry your feet． 5．Secondly， would you mind ______________ (吃面条)? 6．I'm very strong and healthy and I ____________________________ (喜欢唱歌跳舞)． 7．Jerry did not regret _________________ (发表了这番评论)， but felt that he could have expressed it differently． If you stop walking eating noodles am fond of singing and dancing giving the comment 课堂效果检测(二) 102 8．People have been accustomed to ______________ (开车去上班) every day， which results in air pollution． 9．Although I was only six， I can __________________ (看见过它) on TV． 10．I've been meaning _______________ (给父母打电话) for days， but still haven't got around to it． driving to work remember seeing it to call my parents 课堂效果检测(二) 103 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 Three years ago， I participated in Model United Nations (MUN) held by the Education Department， which was a mock (模拟的) UN activity． During the two days， students are separated in different groups which __1__ different countries to debate and try to solve problems． MUN has __2__ awards: best delegates (代表)， honorary mentions， and verbal mentions． 课后课时作业（一） 105 Each time I participate in MUN， I made good __3__ and undoubtedly got a few awards． But I often felt as if I'd __4__ because I had never won the best delegate award． I __5__ those who didn't deserve to win the award but won it various times， and I was just filled with __6__ at their success． But later I realized that it was also __7__ not to get the award because I could actually __8__ something， and that I shouldn't __9__ the best delegate award until I was the best delegate I could be． 课后课时作业（一） 106 Failures are completely subjective—we can look at a result as a failure or a __10__． Any failure can be regarded as a(n) __11__ because you can always learn something from it and do __12__ next time． This is supported by John Locke's theory that we are born with blank views: knowledge and ability are learned from our __13__． That's true． If I make a mistake in the life practice， then I probably won't __14__ that next time． I believe this is __15__ the best way to become better． 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者参加由教育署举办的模拟联合国活动，每次参加都做好充分准备，仍旧没有获得最佳代表奖，但作者从这些经历中学到了很多东西。 课后课时作业（一） 107 1．A．strengthen B．condemn C．inspire D．represent 2．A．identical B．temporary C．various D．false 答案：D　根据常识，联合国会议上，与会者代表不同的国家。故选D。 答案：C　根据下文“best delegates (代表) ... verbal mentions”可知，模拟联合国活动有各种各样的奖项。various “各种各样的”，符合语境，故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 108 3．A．preparations B．predictions C．appointments D．explanations 4．A．accelerated B．failed C．exited D．succeeded 答案：A　句意：每次我参加模拟联合国活动，都做了充分的准备，并且毫无疑问地获得了一些奖项。preparation “准备”，符合语境，故选A。 答案：B　句意：但是我经常觉得自己失败了，因为我从未获得过最佳代表奖。根据下文“because I had never won the best delegate award”可知，作者经常觉得自己失败了。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 109 5．A．approached B．trained C．expected D．witnessed 6．A．relief B．envy C．satisfaction D．delight 答案：D　根据上文“because I had never won the best delegate award”可知，作者从来没有赢得过最佳代表奖，但是见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人。witness “见证”，符合语境，故选D。 答案：B　由上文可知，作者没有赢得最佳代表奖，见证过那些没有资格赢得这个奖项但却多次获奖的人，因此作者对他们的成功充满嫉妒。envy “嫉妒”，符合语境，故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 110 7．A．annoyed B．ashamed C．good D．terrible 8．A．desert B．learn C．delete D．display 答案：C　根据下文“because I could actually __8__ something”可知，作者意识到没有获奖是件好事。故选C。 答案：B　根据下文“learn something from it”可知，作者确实可以学到一些东西。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 111 9．A．win B．miss C．deliver D．value 10．A．bond B．bet C．victory D．loss 答案：A　根据下文“until I was the best delegate I could be”可知，直到作者成为最好的代表，作者才会获得最佳代表奖。赢得奖项用win。故选A。 答案：C　根据上文“Failures are completely subjective”可推断，失败完全是主观的，因此我们可以把结果看作是失败或者是一次胜利。victory “胜利”，符合语境，故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 112 11．A．aim B．benefit C．burden D．limit 12．A．funnier B．worse C．better D．slower 答案： B　根据下文“because you can always learn something from it”可知，任何失败都可以被视为一种收益。benefit “益处”，符合语境，故选B。 答案：C　根据上文“you can always learn something from it”可知，从失败中受益，下次能够做得更好。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 113 13．A．decisions B．attitudes C．positions D．experiences 14．A．repeat B．admit C．accept D．notice 答案： D　句意：约翰·洛克的理论支持这一观点，即我们生来是块白板：知识和能力是从我们的经验中获得的。experience “经验”，符合语境。故选D。 答案：A　根据下文“I believe this is __15__ the best way to become better．”可知，如果作者犯了一次错误，那么下次他可能就不会再犯了。repeat “重复”，符合语境，故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 114 15．A．wrongly B．scarcely C．truly D．narrowly 答案： C　此处用truly加强语气，对上文总结。从经验中学习，不重复犯错误，这才真正是变得更好的最好方法。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 115 Ⅱ　阅读 Anxieties (忧虑) about children and reading are not unusual， but news that fewer than half of those aged between 8 and 18 admit to actually enjoying it—the lowest level since 2005—should raise a red flag． The survey， conducted by the National Literacy Trust ahead of World Book Day， also showed a worrying picture of growing inequality． 课后课时作业（一） 116 10% of 3，000 parents interviewed across the UK said they were too stressed to read to their child because of economic pressures． And the percentage doubled among those who described themselves as struggling with financial problems． However， the sales data for the last year， released by an organization called Nielsen BookScan， showed a 15% increase in the overall number of children's books sold compared with 2019． If poorer families are spending less of the money invested in children's reading， it follows that richer families must be investing more． 课后课时作业（一） 117 Therefore， what is to be done? At a time of financial stress， libraries have a key role to play． A positive sign that they are doing so came with borrowing figures for last year． Libraries are where children of all ages go to choose books for themselves， different from bookshops， which is always influenced by parents' budgets and tastes． This is why the libraries are such an important part of the reading ecology． However， libraries have long been in the frontline (前线) of cuts to public services， especially libraries in schools． While prisons in the UK have libraries， primary schools are not． The result， according to one survey， is that 14% of kids have no library space at all． This disadvantage is more serious in the north of England， where children's reading scores are lower． 课后课时作业（一） 118 As Children's Prize winner in 2021， the author Cressida Cowell wrote an open letter to the prime minister， Boris Johnson， calling for an annual investment of ￡100 million a year in primary school libraries． Her demand should be taken seriously， as it directly meets the needs of children most badly affected by the cost of living crisis． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。英国的一项调查研究表明，孩子们阅读的不平等与家庭的收入有关，图书馆可以在一定程度上促进儿童阅读的平等。 课后课时作业（一） 119 1．Which statement does the author probably agree with? A．Families with financial problems are on the increase． B．Family income influences children's chance of reading． C．Children are not willing to read because of study pressure． D．Some UK parents can't afford the time to read books for children． 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If poorer families are spending ... must be investing more．(如果贫困家庭在儿童阅读上的投入较少，那么富裕家庭的投入必然更多。)”可知，家庭收入影响孩子阅读的机会。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 120 2．What can we infer about libraries in the UK? A．They tend to reflect parents' tastes． B．They exist in every prison and school． C．They have already got enough financial support． D．They promote equality in children's reading to some extent． 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Therefore， what is to be done ... key role to play．”及“Libraries are where ... influenced by parents' budgets and tastes．”可知，家庭财政紧张的孩子可以去图书馆阅读，在那里孩子也可以自由选择书籍，由此可推知，图书馆在一定程度上促进了儿童阅读的平等。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 121 3．What does the author think of Cressida Cowell's open letter? A．It satisfies all citizens． B．It will be taken into account． C．It offers reasonable advice． D．It will solve the problem of inequality． 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Her demand should be taken ... by the cost of living crisis．(她的要求应该得到认真对待，因为它直接满足了受生活费用危机影响最严重的儿童的需求。)”可知，作者认为Cressida Cowell (克瑞西达·科威尔)在公开信中提的建议是合理的。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 122 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Reading: a Mirror of Economy B．Children's Reading: a Gift for All C．Libraries: the Key to Reading Ability D．An Interview: Poor Families Are in Need 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了建立图书馆对于消除儿童阅读不平等的重要性，C项(图书馆：培养阅读能力的关键)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 123 Ⅲ　语法填空 Everybody knows how to learn． Learning is a __1__ (nature) thing． It begins the minute we are born． Our first teachers are our families． At home we learn to talk and to dress and to feed ourselves． We learn these and other skills by __2__ (follow)． Then we go to school． A teacher tells us what to learn and how to learn． Many teachers teach us， and we pass many tests and exams． Then people say we are educated． 课后课时作业（一） 124 Are we really educated? Let's think about the real meaning of learning． Knowing facts doesn't mean being able to solve problems． Solving problems requires __3__ (create)， not just __4__ good memory． Some people who don't know many facts can also be good at solving problems． Henry Ford is a good example． He __5__ (leave) school at the age of 15． Later， when his company couldn't build cars fast enough， he solved the problem． He thought of the assembly line． Today the answer seems simple． Yet， just think of the many university __6__ (graduate) who never solve any problems． 课后课时作业（一） 125 What does a good teacher do? Does he give students facts to remember? Well， yes， we must sometimes remember facts． But a good teacher __7__ (show) how to find answers． He brings us to the stream of knowledge so we can think for ourselves． When we are thirsty， we know __8__ to go． True learning combines intake __9__ output． We take information into our brains． Then we use it． Think of a computer; it stores a lot of information， __10__ it can't think． It only obeys commands． A person who only remembers facts hasn't really learned． Learning takes place only when a person can use what he knows． 课后课时作业（一） 126 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________ 5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________ 9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是学习真正的意义。真正的学习不是记忆一些知识，而是学会用知识解决问题。 课后课时作业（一） 127 1．natural　考查词性转换。句意：学习是一件自然的事情。设空处应用形容词修饰后面的名词thing，作定语。故填natural。 2．following　考查非谓语动词。句意：我们通过模仿学习这些和其他技能。by为介词，后面应用动名词作宾语。故填following。 3．creativity　考查词性转换。设空处应用名词作require的宾语。creativity意为“创造力”。故填creativity。 4．a　考查冠词。句意：解决问题需要创造力，而不仅仅是良好的记忆力。此处泛指“一个良好的记忆力”，用不定冠词修饰，且good的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 课后课时作业（一） 128 5．left　考查动词的时态。设空处为句子的谓语。根据“at the age of 15”可知，应用一般过去时。故填left。 6．graduates　考查名词。graduate作名词时意为“毕业生”，为可数名词。根据前面的many可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填graduates。 7．shows　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。描述一般事实，用一般现在时。主语a good teacher为单数，谓语动词应用单数。故填shows。 课后课时作业（一） 129 8．where　考查特殊疑问词。设空处应用特殊疑问词构成“特殊疑问词＋to do”的结构，在句中作know的宾语。此处是指当我们口渴时，我们知道去哪里。故填where。 9．with　考查介词。句意：真正的学习结合了输入和输出。combine ... with ... “把……和……结合起来”。故填with。 10．but　考查连词。句意：想想电脑，它储存了很多信息，但不会思考。根据句意可知，设空前后为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 课后课时作业（一） 130 Ⅳ　应用文写作 最近，你校英语学习俱乐部将举办一次学习经验交流活动。假如你是成员之一，请你用英语写一篇发言稿，分享自己在听、说、读、写方面的成功经验。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 课后课时作业（一） 131 Dear boys and girls， I'd like to share my experience in learning English with you．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ All in all， I hope all of you have fun learning English． 课后课时作业（一） 132 [精彩范文] Dear boys and girls， I'd like to share my experience in learning English with you． I make it a rule to listen to VOA or the BBC in my spare time to improve my listening． At the same time， I repeat what the speaker says while listening to improve my pronunciation． Besides， watching English movies can combine English learning with relaxation． I always take every chance to speak English in class and I am proud of making myself understood in English． Sometimes I also practise speaking with my classmates after class． To increase my vocabulary， I have formed the habit of reading English magazines and novels at weekends． I have learned to guess the meaning of new words． In addition， I find keeping a diary in English is helpful． All in all， I hope all of you have fun learning English． 课后课时作业（一） 133 课后课时作业（二） Ⅰ　阅读 If you are fond of learning languages， you must start learning Chinese． English is the most widely spoken language in the world and it is a more powerful language in all fields． But it is expected that Chinese， which is one of the six official languages of the United Nations (UN)， will be the most important language in the coming years． What are the reasons behind the rapid spread of this language and why should you learn it? 课后课时作业（二） 135 My desire to learn languages was the reason why I studied many Latin languages and in the process， I deepened my knowledge of the languages and literature． However， I did not feel self－sufficient (自给自足的) from this knowledge． I gained a lot of information about the Western world． But my thinking was always about Asian civilizations． I always felt I needed to learn Chinese to be a global citizen because “without learning Chinese， we see with one eye”． 课后课时作业（二） 136 My contact with many international organizations and government institutions (机构) made me believe that Chinese is one of the most important languages of our time．After visiting the world's most celebrated capitals such as Paris and London， I discovered that Chinese language can be seen everywhere in these places． In the subway in Paris， you will hear instructions in French， English and Chinese． In London， for example， the Chinese language was introduced for instruction in schools． 课后课时作业（二） 137 China is an important political (政治的) and economic country because it is making great economic progress that has never been seen before． The world is watching China with great surprise， and this peaceful Chinese rise makes us decide to focus on learning the Chinese language and knowing more about Chinese culture． To be a global citizen these days， I would advise you to learn Chinese． It will add more beauty to your life and allow you to better understand Chinese civilization． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着中国经济的崛起，汉语将成为世界上最重要的语言。 课后课时作业（二） 138 1．What can we learn about languages in the future according to the first paragraph? A．Some of them will disappear． B．More official languages will be added to the UN． C．English will still have an advantage over others． D．Chinese language will probably be second to none． 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But it is expected ... in the coming years．(但预计作为联合国六种正式语言之一的汉语在未来几年里将成为最重要的语言。)”可知，中文可能会是首屈一指的语言。故选D。 课后课时作业（二） 139 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the author? A．He realized the necessity of learning Chinese． B．He got bored with learning Latin languages． C．He was doing a research about Chinese language． D．He was satisfied with his knowledge of language learning． 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I always felt ... ‘without learning Chinese， we see with one eye’．(我一直觉得我需要学习汉语才能成为一名全球公民，因为‘不学习汉语，我们就是用一只眼睛看’。)”可知，作者认为要成为全球公民就需要学习汉语。由此可推知，作者意识到了学习汉语的必要性。故选A。 课后课时作业（二） 140 3．What do the examples in Paragraph 3 show? A．Paris is a wonderful capital city worth a visit． B．Chinese learning is very popular in schools in London． C．People in some western countries like speaking Chinese． D．Chinese language is playing an important role in the world． 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段列举了汉语在巴黎等世界著名的首都的普遍使用，由此可推知，作者列举这些例子是为了说明汉语在世界上正发挥着重要作用。故选D。 课后课时作业（二） 141 4．What mainly causes Westerners to start learning Chinese according to the text? A．The rise of Chinese economy． B．Their love for language learning． C．The long history of Chinese civilization． D．Their curiosity about Asian culture． 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，中国是一个重要的政治和经济国家，它正在取得前所未有的巨大经济进步。中国的和平崛起让人们决定专注于学习汉语，更多地了解中国文化。由此可推知，中国经济的崛起是西方人开始学习汉语的主要原因。故选A。 课后课时作业（二） 142 Ⅱ　七选五 How to improve your study habits Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence． You do well enough in school， but you probably think you will never be a top student． __1__ You can receive better grades if you want to． Plan your time carefully． __2__ Then make a schedule of your time， and decide on good， regular times for studying． Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments． 课后课时作业（二） 143 __3__ It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library， but it should be comfortable， and there should not be those things that make your attention wander． When you begin to work， you should be able to concentrate on the subject． Skim before you read． This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully． __4__ Later when you begin to read， you will recognize less important material and you may ignore some of these parts． 课后课时作业（二） 144 Study regularly． Go over your notes as soon as you can after class． Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about． Read about these points in your textbook． If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day， skim and read that material too． __5__ 课后课时作业（二） 145 A．Find a good place to study． B．Make a list of your weekly tasks． C．Make good use of your time in class． D．Then you'll get the main idea of the text． E．This is not necessarily the case， however． F．This will help you understand the next class． G．Studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule． 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何改善你的学习习惯。 课后课时作业（二） 146 1．E　设空前提到你可能不会成为优等生，设空后提到你也可以取得更好的成绩，设空前后为转折关系，对应了E项中的however。故选E。 2．B　该段标题提到要仔细安排时间，及设空后提到为学习安排时间，B项符合语境。故选B。 3．A　设空处是本段的小标题。通读本段可知，本段主要是说找到一个学习的好地方，让你能集中注意力。故选A。 课后课时作业（二） 147 4．D　该段标题提到阅读前先浏览及设空前提到仔细阅读文章之前，先快速浏览一下。这样可以帮你了解文章的内容。故选D。 5．F　设空处是本段的最后一句话。本段主要讲了有规律地学习，设空前提到提前浏览和阅读老师第二天会讲的内容，有助于你理解老师下节课要讲的内容。F项中的next class对应了设空前的next day。故选F。 课后课时作业（二） 148 Ⅲ　语法填空 Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes， you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise． Aquatic exercise __1__ (be) like exercise on land， but you do it in a __2__ (swim) pool． More and more people are trying aquatic exercise． Aquatic exercise feels __3__ (easy) than exercising on land． Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool． __4__ is better for your knees than running or walking． Water is about 1，000 times thicker and heavier than air． To move through the water， your body has to work four __5__ (time) as hard． As __6__ result， you can burn more calories (卡路里)． 课后课时作业（二） 149 In fact， most people say they feel more relaxed in the water． They stop __7__ (think) about the things that make them worried． They feel in control of their bodies． The cool， quiet environment makes __8__ (they) feel good． But what if you are afraid __9__ the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about． Aquatic exercise is safe and easy __10__ (learn)． It doesn't require any special skills． You don't even need to know how to swim． Aquatic exercise is for everyone． 课后课时作业（二） 150 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了水上运动的概念、特点和带来的好处等。 课后课时作业（二） 151 1．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为be动词，此处是在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Aquatic exercise为不可数名词短语，be动词应用单数。故填is。 2．swimming　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词pool，应用动名词swimming，swimming pool意为“游泳池”。故填swimming。 3．easier　考查形容词的比较级。设空处在句中作表语，结合后面的than可知，此处是在对两者进行比较，应用形容词的比较级。故填easier。 4．It　考查代词。设空处在句中作主语，此处指代上文的Aquatic exercise，应用代词it，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填It。 课后课时作业（二） 152 5．times　考查名词。设空处位于数词four后，应用名词，此处表示“四倍”，time表示倍数时为可数名词，应用复数。故填times。 6．a　考查冠词。as a result为固定短语，表示“因此”。故填a。 7．thinking　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不再去想那些让他们担心的事情。stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填thinking。 8．them　考查代词。设空处在句中作宾语，代词应用宾格形式，此处表示“凉爽、安静的环境让他们感觉很好”。故填them。 课后课时作业（二） 153 9．of　考查固定搭配。be afraid of为固定短语，表示“对……害怕”。故填of。 10．to learn　考查非谓语动词。根据“safe and easy”可知，此处应用不定式作状语，表示“水中运动学起来是安全且容易的”。故填to learn。 课后课时作业（二） 154 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I'm an English self－learner; English is not my first language． Today I am an English teacher． I would like to voice that failures are not disasters． Have faith， keep moving on， and never give up． You will see your hard work pay off． I was a slow learner when I was little． Before five， I couldn't even speak in full sentences． Unlike most other children， I seldom interacted with others; I neither cried nor got angry． My extreme quietness made my parents wonder if I was mentally slow， but they were not sure． Actually， I have to admit that my memories of my early childhood are quite uncertain． 课后课时作业（二） 155 When I was in elementary school， I learned very slowly and was as quiet as a doll． While my teacher was teaching， my mind oftentimes would wander outside of the classroom to the playground． The learning problems and inactive personality remained with me until I was in Grade 5． As a fifth grader， I finally started interacting with my classmates． That was the first time in my memory that I had some friends． More amazingly， from that time on， I became talkative， laughing and playing like any normal child． 课后课时作业（二） 156 After heading full speed for my junior education， my learning situation got stuck in the mud again． In my country， students were arranged into different levels of classes based on their IQ test scores． For example， students with higher IQ scores were placed in the “outstanding class”； average ones joined the “intermediate class”， and slower students were destined (注定) for the “bottom class”． I was placed in the “bottom class” as a result of my below－average IQ score． Most of my teachers taught us using easy and slow methods because they considered us unable to learn much． Despite that， I never lost faith that I might one day succeed． As if to prove that when God closes a door， he will definitely open up a big window． A miracle occurred． That's when I discovered a strong passion for English． 课后课时作业（二） 157 At the age of 13， I found myself deeply interested in English．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ That way， I could further expand my vocabulary．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课后课时作业（二） 158 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者自学英语而且还成为了一名英语老师。然而，作者在5岁时才会说完整的句子，分班级时也是被分到智力低下班。在作者13岁时，对英语产生了浓厚的兴趣，作者是如何学好英语的？在作者的词汇拓展以后，又在英语学习的道路上做了哪些努力？ 课后课时作业（二） 159 [精彩范文] At the age of 13， I found myself deeply interested in English． Every day， after I finished my textbook and my homework， I listened to BBC news and tried to follow the sentences． I also imitated the speakers to correct my pronunciation． To enlarge my vocabulary， I read as many stories and articles as possible． I tried to communicate with my teachers and classmates in English． Even if sometimes my classmates made fun of me， I didn't mind． I also made a small notebook in which I wrote down new words I came across while reading newspapers and magazines． Slowly I rose from the bottom class to the top， which was considered a miracle by my teachers and classmates． 课后课时作业（二） 160 That way， I could further expand my vocabulary． With these achievements， I had more faith in myself． I continued to improve my English． I even tried to rewrite some famous stories． I wrote English diaries and watched English TV programs and saw English films． After graduating from college， I didn't give up and finally I managed to pass TOEFL and went to America for higher education． My story proves everyone has the ability to learn． Success has less to do with IQ， but more to do with hard work and strong passion． 课后课时作业（二） 161 R 【课文三维剖析】 【课文全译文】 　　说明：带方框符号的是连词；下划横线是从句；下划波浪线是非谓语；双下划线是特殊结构 ACTIVE LEARNING by Kevin Daum 　　Most people assume ①eq \x(that) the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means ②it learns all by itself． But this isn't always true． We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt． These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”． I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning． ①that引导宾语从句 ②省略引导词that的宾语从句 主动学习 ——凯文·道姆 很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”，这是说大脑能自动学习。但并非总是如此。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者——积极参与学习过程并反思学到的东西。这些学习行为叫做“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。 1．Listen to the outer voice There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice． Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions， ③eq \x(while) the outer voice tells you about opinions from ④eq \x(what) you hear or read． ⑤eq \x(Although) your inner voice can be useful， it can also get in the way of learning． ⑥eq \x(If) you keep paying too much attention to it， you risk missing important information． Instead， active learners are open－minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying， not on what their brain is saying in the background． In this way， they are in a better position to make decisions． 1．倾听外部的声音 有两种声音：内心的声音和外部的声音。内心声音表达你的个人意见，而外部的声音告诉你关于听到或者读到的观点。虽然你内心的声音很有用，但它也可能妨碍学习。如果你一直过于关注它，就可能错过重要信息。 ③并列连词while连接Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions和the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read两个分句 ④what引导宾语从句 ⑤Although引导让步状语从句 ⑥If引导条件状语从句 相反，主动学习者是开放的，专注于说话人或者作者所说的话，而不是自己的大脑在背景中说的话。通过这种方式，他们可以更好地做出决策。 2．Argue with your inner voice If you find your inner voice difficult to control， you can argue with it ⑦eq \x(as) most active learners do． ⑧eq \x(When) your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong， think about why the speaker/writer may be right． Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all． ⑨If not， at least you have “listened to” another point of view． ⑦as引导方式状语从句 ⑧When引导时间状语从句 ⑨If not为省略结构，意为“如果不是这样的话” 2．和你内心的声音争论 如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。当你的内心声音告诉你一个说话人或作者是错误的时候，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。灵活处理你的意见，最终，你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。如果没有，至少你已经“听过”了另一种观点。 3．Ask questions ⑩Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning． When you get information from someone， from books or the Internet， ask two， three， even five questions about the topic． The answers will lead you to further learning， and the very act of ⑪working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic． In short: Do not stop being curious． ⑩Asking questions动名词短语作主语 ⑪working out questions动名词短语作宾语 3．提出问题 提出问题是促进主动学习最简单的方法。当你从某个人那里、书籍或互联网上获得信息时，提出有关该主题的两、三个，甚至五个问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，探究问题的过程有助于你更好地理解该主题。简而言之：一定要始终保持好奇心。 4．Get to the truth Active learners do not accept everything they learn． They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea． Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely， there may be an aspect of it ⑫eq \x(that) is based on truth． So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today， think about ⑬eq \x(why) they believe this． Where does the idea come from? Do they have enough data to support their views? If you try to find out the source of an idea， ⑭eq \x(no matter how) crazy it seems， you will increase your chance of learning something． ⑫that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an aspect ⑬why引导宾语从句 ⑭no matter how引导让步状语从句 4．寻找真相 主动学习者不会全盘接受学到的东西。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。因此，如果有人说现在还有恐龙，那就想想他们为什么会相信这一点。这个想法来自哪里？他们是否有足够的数据来支持自己的观点？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看起来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。 5．Focus on the message Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way． They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is． ⑮It is true eq \x(that) we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature， after all． But do not forget ⑯you can still learn from them． Active learners do not judge people ⑰based on first impressions or personal feelings． Instead， they separate the message from the messenger． This goes the other way as well—⑱do not just assume that some people are always right because of ⑲eq \x(who) they are or just ⑳eq \x(because) they are your friends． 5．关注信息 许多人因为受到自己情感的阻碍而错过了学习机会。他们因为说话人或作者的身份而拒绝学习或者忽视他们所说的内容。确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人，毕竟这是人的本性。但不要忘记你仍然可以向他们学习。主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断人。相反，他们将信息与信息提供者分开。反之亦然——不要仅仅因为某些人的身份或仅仅因为他们是你的朋友就认为他们总是正确的。 ⑮It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语 ⑯省略连接词that的宾语从句 ⑰based on first impressions or personal feelings动词－ed形式的短语作状语 ⑱do not just assume祈使句 ⑲who引导宾语从句 ⑳because引导原因状语从句 $$