内容正文:
练案[10] Unit 3 The world of science
Section Ⅱ Using language
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. She was suffering from physical and mental (精
神上的)exhaustion.
2. Doctors cannot effect a cure (疗法) if the
disease has spread too far.
3. He played a passive (被动的) role in the
relationship.
4. There may be some minor (小的)changes to the
schedule.
5. It is wellknown that pandas are an endangered
species (物种).
6. In his family,he was so poor,but all his five
children were brilliant (才华横溢的).
7. I faxed a first draft (草稿)of this article to him.
8. The bicycle was beyond (无法)repair.
9. Most coughs are viral in origin (起源).
10. In most instances (例子),there will be no need
for further treatment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1. The Silk Road has had a unique role in foreign trade
and political relations,stretching far beyond the
bounds of Asia itself.
2. For a very long time,people always have been
trying to find out the significance (significant)
of life.
3. In the terrible crash of the bus,many people were
injured (injure),and even some suffered severe
injuries (injure)to the head and arms. The injured
were (be)rushed to the nearest hospital.
4. While working out the problem, you should
measure the length accurately (accurate).
5. Todays shopping carts(购物车)are five times
larger than Goldmans original (origin)model.
6. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child,few
people guessed that he was going to be a famous
scientist whose theories (theory)would change
the world.
7. This book has been translated (translate)into
many languages.
8. The party has been cleaned (plan)since the
New Year.
9. Enough has been said (say)here at this question
since it came up.
10. The building has been set (set)up for several
years.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1. The boys have been told many times (男孩们已
经被多次告知)not to swim in that lake,but it
doesnt make any difference.
2. We are glad to be told that Li Tao has been
admitted (已经被录取)to Fudan University for
his top score in the Maths Contest.
3. With the help of high technology,more and more
new substances(物质) have been discovered
(已经被发现)in the past years.
4. When and where to go for the onsalary holiday
has not been decided (没有确定)yet.
5. Though we dont know what was discussed,yet we
can feel the topic has been changed (这个话题
改变了).
6. Peoples health has been greatly affected (受到
了很大的影响)by air,
noise and water.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2023·山东临沂市高一期末)
It was raining hard. The bus I took finally reached the
bus stop near my school. I got off the bus hurriedly but to
find that I couldnt 1. from the rain because I left my
umbrella behind at home.
Though my school was just on the opposite side of the
road,I would 2. get all wet. There was no 3.
1. A. avoid B. escape
C. shelter D. separate
2. A. yet B. still
C. though D. too
3. A. sign B. meaning
C. plan D. reason
—861—
that the rain would stop and I couldnt wait. I was about to
run across the road when an old woman appeared and asked
me to 4. an umbrella with her. I gladly accepted the
5. .
We walked side by side 6. because she walked
with a small limp. I soon found that she started to get wet
because she tried to protect my schoolbag from being wet. I
politely asked her to 7. herself more. “If it hadnt
been for the schoolbag,I would have run without a(n)
8. .”said I. She laughed and said,“You will be
9. in such a heavy rain. No need to worry!Im glad
to help.” I thanked her when we finally came to
our 10. .
As I walked into school,I 11. and saw her
12. in the heavy rain with great difficulty. Just at
that moment,I thought of my grandmother in heaven,who
used to walk me to school in such 13. weather. I
was deeply 14. by what the old woman did. She
could devote her time and care to a complete stranger!It
was just because of these kind people that our world was
becoming more and more beautiful!I 15. that I
would do whatever I can to help those in need in future!
4. A. rent B. exchange
C. hold D. share
5. A. application B. invitation
C. offer D. contribution
6. A. quickly B. slowly
C. quietly D. finally
7. A. arrange B. conduct
C. accept D. cover
8. A. umbrella B. partner
C. solution D. threat
9. A. bored B. injured
C. anxious D. sick
10. A. home B. company
C. shop D. destination
11. A. turned up B. turned down
C. turned around D. turned over
12. A. walking B. running
C. jogging D. jumping
13. A. terrible B. strange
C. difficult D. unique
14. A. excited B. shocked
C. affected D. honored
15. A. demanded B. promised
C. scheduled D. preferred
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese astronauts in the Tiangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th,2021 as they
traveled around 1. Earth.
There 2. (be)a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day. First,Zhai
Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu,all members of the Shenzhou mission crew,greeted students,
teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3:40 p. m. They then showed viewers the place
3. they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments 4. (show) interesting
physical phenomena (现象)in space,5 . (include)“disappearing buoyancy(浮力)”and a
“water ball”. At last,before the end of the livestreamed activities,they 6. (happy)answered
questions from students. 7. (million)of primary and middle school students across China watched
the 60minute televised event,which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class,Chinas first extraterrestrial(地
球大气圈外的)lecture series to make students interested 8. space science.
The manned space agency said that more lectures would 9. (hold)based on the countrys
manned space flight and would also be presented by some 10. (profession)Chinese astronauts. Such
activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned space flight for science among young people.
—961—
出的年度25个最佳发明中的最有趣的3个。
1. D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知,一旦你通过智能手
机应用程序设置好,它就能让你的咖啡或茶保持在45 ℃和62
℃之间的温度。即Ember Mug能通过智能手机应用程序设置
它。故选D。
2. B 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知,你选择一个食谱,
应用程序会告诉你该怎么做。例如,它会告诉你什么时候该
翻牛排或何时添加某些配料。即Tasty One Top是通过教人智
能烹饪来帮助人们的。故选B。
3. B 推理判断题。由第四段最后三句可知,被称为“世界上第
一个为家庭服务的社会机器人”,Jibo看起来像一个卡通人
物。在其“头”内,有各种各样的传感器和摄像头,允许它识别
人脸和语音。它还可以设置警报、提醒你重要的事情、告诉你
天气,并阅读新闻或来自朋友和家人的消息。由此可知,Jibo
可以充当家庭助手。故选B。
4. C 词义猜测题。文章介绍的是发明,画线词所在句子中
“makes the Ember Mug a great innovation”意为“使Ember Mug
成为一个伟大的……”,推理可知画线词意为“发明”。故
选C。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。介绍了机器人运用于太空探索
的重要性。
5. D 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“. . . but robots are very
important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of
different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知,
本文主要介绍了机器人正运用于太空探索。故选D。
6. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“The use of robots has
made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it
would cost for humans to do the work.”可知,用机器人进行太空
探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少。故选A。
7. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The temperatures on
these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans
to withstand.”可知,温度太高或太低,人类都无法忍受,可知
画线词词义为“忍受”。故选B。
8. D 观点态度题。纵观全文可知,作者只是客观地介绍了机器
人在太空探索中的应用,并没有带任何感情色彩。故选D。
Ⅱ.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。青少年上网的时候要注意安
全,本文告诉我们如何安全使用因特网。
1. F 根据上文的“The Internet,social media and smart phones
allow you to learn many things.”可知,这里是指这些工具能让
我们做些什么事情。选项F中的they also allow you与第一句
话是顺承关系,符合语境。故选F。
2. C 根据下文的“Only accept friend or follower requests from
people you have met in the real world.”可知,我们需要知道申
请者是不是我们在现实世界见过的人。故选C。
3. G 根据下文的“They may put you in danger because others can
find you easily.”可知,定位服务会暴露我们的位置。故选G。
4. A 根据下文的“If you have a strong password,itll be difficult
for others to know it.”可知,我们需要设置复杂的密码。故
选A。
5. B 根据下文的“For example,you can talk to a parent,a
teacher or a trusted adult and ask him to help report and block
(屏蔽)the person.”可知这一段讲的是在必要的时候,我们要
寻求帮助。故选B。
练案[10]
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 1. mental 2. cure 3. passive 4. minor 5. species
6. brilliant 7. draft 8. beyond 9. origin 10. instances
Ⅱ. 1. beyond 2. significance 3. injured injuries were
4. accurately 5. original 6. theories 7. has been translated
8. has been planned 9. has been said 10. has been set
Ⅲ. 1. The boys have been told many times 2. has been admitted
3. have been discovered 4. has not been decided 5. the topic has
been changed 6. has been greatly affected
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个下雨天
忘了带伞,一个好心的老妇人让作者和自己一起打伞,让作者受到
了震撼,承诺未来也会帮助别人。
1. B 句意:我匆忙下了公共汽车,但发现我无法躲避雨,因为我
把伞落在家里了。A. avoid避免;B. escape逃脱;C. shelter提供
庇护;D. separate分开。根据下文“from the rain because I left
my umbrella behind at home”可知,作者没有伞,无法躲避雨。
故选B。
2. B 句意:虽然我的学校就在马路对面,但我还是会浑身湿透。
A. yet然而;B. still仍然;C. though虽然;D. too也。根据下文
“get all wet”可知,虽然学校很近,作者还是会淋湿的。故
选B。
3. A 句意:没有雨会停的迹象,我等不及了。A. sign迹象;B.
meaning意义;C. plan计划;D. reason理由。根据下文“the rain
would stop and I couldnt wait”可知,没有雨停的迹象。故选A。
4. D 句意:我正要跑过马路,这时一位老妇人出现了,请我和她
共撑一把伞。A. rent租用;B. exchange交换;C. hold持有;D.
share分享。根据下文“an umbrella with her”可知,老妇人邀请
作者和自己一起打伞。故选D。
5. B 句意:我高兴地接受了邀请。A. application申请;B. invitation
邀请;C. offer提供;D. contribution贡献。呼应上文“an umbrella
with her. I gladly accepted the 5 .”指作者接受和老妇人打伞
的邀请。故选B。
6. B 句意:我们肩并肩慢慢地走着,因为她走路有点跛。A.
quickly快速地;B. slowly缓慢地;C. quietly安静地;D. finally
终于。根据下文“because she walked with a small limp”可知。
老妇人腿脚不方便,他们走得慢。故选B。
7. D 句意:我礼貌地请她多给自己打点伞。A. arrange安排;B.
conduct实施;C. accept 接受;D. cover 覆盖。根据上文
“because she tried to protect my schoolbag from being wet”可知,
老妇人为了作者自己淋湿了,所以作者礼貌地请她多给自己
打点伞。故选D。
8. A 句意:如果没有书包,我就不打伞跑过去了。A. umbrella
雨伞;B. partner伙伴;C. solution解决方案;D. threat威胁。呼
应上文“I left my umbrella behind at home”指不打伞跑到学校
。
—234—
故选A。
9. D 句意:在这样的大雨中你会生病的。A. bored无聊的;B.
injured受伤的;C. anxious焦虑的;D. sick生病的。根据下文
“in such a heavy rain”可知,大雨会让作者生病。故选D。
10. D 句意:当我们终于到达目的地时,我向她道谢。A. home
家;B. company公司;C. shop商店;D. destination目的地。根据
下文“As I walked into school”可知作者到了学校,也就是他们
的目的地。故选D。
11. C 句意:当我走进学校,我转身看到她在大雨中艰难地走
着。A. turned up出现;B. turned down关小;C. turned around转
身;D. turned over翻转。根据下文“and saw her”可知,作者转
过身看着老妇人。故选C。
12. A 句意同上题。A. walking走路;B. running奔跑;C. jogging
慢跑;D. jumping跳跃。根据下文“in the heavy rain with great
difficulty”可知,在大雨中艰难地走着。故选A。
13. A 句意:就在那一刻,我想起了我在天堂的奶奶,她曾经在
这样糟糕的天气里送我去上学。我被老太太的所作所为深深
震惊了。A. terrible糟糕的;B. strange奇怪的;C. difficult困难
的;D. unique独特的。根据上文“in the heavy rain”可知,此处
指糟糕的天气。故选A。
14. B 句意同上题。A. excited激动;B. shocked震惊;C. affected
影响;D. honored尊重。根据下文“She could devote her time
and care to a complete stranger!”可知,作者被老太太的所作所
为深深震惊了。故选B。
15. B 句意:我承诺在未来我将尽我所能去帮助那些需要帮助
的人!A. demanded需要;B. promised承诺;C. scheduled安排;
D. preferred更喜欢。根据下文“that I would do whatever I can
to help those in need in future”可知,作者承诺未来将尽自己所
能去帮助那些需要帮助的人!故选B。
Ⅱ.语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2021年12月
9日,中国宇航员在天宫空间站举行了一个科学讲座。通过此次
讲座,全国学生了解到了许多太空的自然现象产生的原因,也让
学生们对太空科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
1. the 考查冠词。Earth地球,世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠
词the。
2. was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子中的on that exciting
day,可知此处谓语动词用一般过去时。根据就近原则,谓语动
词用单数形式。故填was。
3. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构,先行词the place在从
句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4. showing / to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,此处作非
谓语。前面名词experiments与动词show构成主动关系,用现
在分词形式showing作后置定语,或用动词不定式短语to
show作目的状语。故填showing / to show。
5. including 考查介词。此处后接名词,用介词including符合题
意。故填including。
6. happily 考查副词。修饰后面动词answered用副词作状语。
故填happily。
7. Millions 考查数词。中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分
钟的电视直播活动。millions of数百万。故填Millions。
8. in 考查介词。分析句子结构,make 为使役动词,句中
interested作宾语补足语,相当于形容词,后面接宾语应符合
be interested in搭配。故填in。
9. be held 考查动词的被动语态。根据句意,more lectures与动
词hold构成被动关系,情态动词would后接动词原形。故填
be held。
10. professional 考查形容词。此处修饰后面名词astronauts用
形容词作前置定语。故填professional。
练案[11]
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 1. procedure 2. experiments 3. lightning 4. gravity 5. flash
6. metal 7. account 8. draft 9. fiction 10. proof
Ⅱ. 1. come up with 2. die from 3. to establish the truth 4. along
with 5. will take place 6. was flying a kite 7. contribute to
8. apart from 9. tied to 10. are amazed at
Ⅲ. 1. declaration 2. experimental 3. Scientific 4. entirely
5. proofs 6. is attached 7. for 8. that 9. accepted
10. was interviewed
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。印度科学家发明了一种被称
为“太阳能树”的新设备,但是该设备究竟能有多大用处,还需
要通过实践来检验。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This means less land
would be needed. ”和第四段中的“Bedi says solar trees will
collect more energy than normal panels on the tops of
buildings. ”可知,这种新设备不仅占用更少的土地,而且可
以收集更多的能量。故选C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“normal panels on
the tops of buildings”可以判断,一般电池板是安装在建筑房顶
上的。故选A。
3. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The country promised
that by 2030,it would have reduced its rate of greenhouse gas
production by one third.”可知,到2030年,印度要实现减少三
分之一温室气体排放的目标。故选A。
4. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可知,他认为
目前还不能确定这种设备有多大的用处,只有通过大范围测
试后才能知道答案。故选B。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶飞机最初被制造用于
军事,而如今其更多地被用来拯救生命,如运送药物、在自然灾
害发生后协助应急组织、帮助保护野生动物族群以及追踪动
物等。
5. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者在前四段分别介绍了无
人驾驶飞机的四种不同的用途,并在最后一段表示其有提供
使人类与动物双方都受益的解决办法的可能性,故本文重点
介绍无人驾驶飞机的应用。故选C。
6. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“After the storm,drones
photographed the damage. These surveys helped emergency
workers assess the situation quickly”可知,风暴过后,无人驾驶
飞机拍摄受损的照片,这些调查帮助应急人员快速评估受灾
的情况。故可推知,无人驾驶飞机可以被用于为评估(情况)
提供数据。故选B
。
—235—