内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
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一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后
面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
Additionally,from time to time I will assign
group work to be completed in class. . .
而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小
组作业……
2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词修饰时,常用动
词不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and
the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
3.当中心词被形容词最高级、the next、the only
等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
She is the only woman to be admitted into the
famous university.
她是唯一被这所著名大学录取的女性。
4. 抽象名词plan,attempt,ability,chance,
desire,determination,decision,way等后,常
用动词不定式作后置定语。
Practice is the only way to learn a language well.
学好一门语言的唯一途径就是练习。
5.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
6.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
7.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。
My desire to carry on with the experiment has
failed.
我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。
温馨提示:
①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如
果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式
修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具
等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的
逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动。试
比较:
Have you got anything to buy?
你有什么东西要买吗?(不定式to buy的动作
执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought?
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗?(不定式to
be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因
此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
单句语法填空
①It is recognised that he is the best man
(complete)the task.
②Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got the
courage to face (face)
all the challenges.
!)#
③The system has the ability to run (run)more
than one programme at the same time.
④ Could you tell me an effective way to learn
(learn)English well?
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动
词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定
式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示
目的、原因、结果等。
1.作目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常
表示强调。为加强语气,常与in order或so as
组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss
this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
(1)置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。表
示否定时,用in order not to do或so as not to
do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我安静地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。
(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为so that / in
order that引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked very hard so that / in order that
he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.作原因状语,多见于“sb. + be + adj. + to
do. . .”结构中。
Her father was pleased to know that she passed
the exam.
得知她通过考试的消息,她父亲很高兴。
They were very surprised to be informed of the
news.
被告知这个消息他们很吃惊。
3.作结果状语,多见于too. . . to. . .,. . . enough
to,only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生),
so / such. . . as to / that. . .(意为“如此……以至
于……”)结构中。
Im too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
The wind is strong enough to move the sand.
风大到能移动沙丘。
He rushed back,only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。
He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied
and palms sweating.
他是如此紧张,以至于他感觉舌头打结,手心
出汗。
4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的
心理状态或对事情的看法。
To begin with, she spoke too quickly, I
couldnt understand most of the words she said.
首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分
内容。
单句语法填空
① To learn (learn)a language well,you must
make efforts.
②Im more than delighted to know (know)that
you are coming to our school to take part in the
Chinese Culture Week.
③The traveller looked up suddenly to find (find)
a monkey in the tree.
④ To tell (tell)the truth,I dont like the colour
at all.
三、现在分词与动词不定式作结果状语的区别
1.动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不
到的结果,通常与only搭配。
Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package
and tried it on,only to find it didnt fit.
她着急地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不
合身。
2.现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、
自然而然的结果。
The snow lasted a week,resulting in a serious
traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱
。
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句子语法填空
①She got to the station only to find (find)the
train had gone.
②The boy slipped and fell down, hitting (hit)
his head against the door.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. The program affords young people the chance
to gain (gain)working experience.
2. The United Kingdom has a long and interesting
history to explore (explore).
3. They hope that students will have the opportunity
to broaden (broaden)their horizons (眼界).
4. Deeply moved by the story,she felt a strong
desire to help (help)and care for others.
5. Scientists are trying to figure out a way to store
(store)sufficient food and water for the long
journey.
6. To succeed (succeed),we must make good
preparations for the coming football match.
7. To realize (realize)his dream of entering a
key university,Jack studies harder than ever.
8. He was disappointed to learn (learn)that his
application was refused.
9. There were so many people that Lucy had to
shout and wave so as to be noticed (notice).
10. The performance had intended to please the
audience and draw their attention,only to be
greeted (greet)with an embarrassing silence,
however.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他因考试不及格深感沮丧。
He is in a state of deep depression because of his
failure to pass the examination .
2.我决定利用一切机会练习英语口语。
I decide to employ every opportunity to practise
my spoken English .
3.屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学
奖的中国科学家。
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to be
awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine.
4.这也为我提供了独立生活和体验生活艰辛的
机会。
It provided me with a chance to live
independently and experience the hardships of
life.
5.我认为和朋友们保持联系最好的方式是发电
子邮件。
I think the best way to keep in touch with my
friends is through email.
6.为了迎接新年,家家户户都在为团圆饭做
准备。
To welcome the New Year ,every family is
preparing for the reunion dinner.
7.政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善
水质。
The government encourages farmers to grow corn
instead of rice to improve water quality .
8.尽管情况艰难,他竭尽所能来帮助当地的
学生。
Despite the difficult situation,he did whatever
he could to help the local students .
9.我校正不遗余力地满足学生对课外活动的
需求。
Our school is making every effort to meet the
demands of students for activities after class.
10.得知美术馆下个月将举办中国画展览,我写
信申请当一名志愿者。
Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be
held at the gallery next month,I am writing to
apply to become a volunteer .
请同学们认真完成练案[14
]
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Ⅴ.一、1. Paras. 1 ~ 5 DABEC 2. B
二、1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C
要点探究
核心词汇
1.①to carry ②Determined ③determination ④is determined to
⑤determine to make full use of time
2. ① disappointing ② to learn ③ disappointed ④We were
deeply disappointed to find that the museum was closed. ⑤She
couldnt hide her disappointment when Tom didnt turn up.
3.①for ②desired ③to help ④desire you to offer me ⑤desire
everyone to live in desire that everyone (should)live in
4.①out ②driving ③who carried me through my tough time
5.①signals ②to ③signalled him to come ④a warning signal
6.①Lacking ②a ③in ④For lack of enough training,we will
have great difficulty in winning the coming match. Lacking
enough training,we will have great difficulty in winning the
coming match. As we lack enough training,we will have great
difficulty in winning the coming match.
7.①so as to / in order to wake the family up ②so that / in order that
she could see ③so as not to wake
重点句型
1.①to join ②the first to invent ③the first American woman to
be awarded
2.①that was because that was why The reason why was that
②The reason why Jane wouldnt like to go on a picnic today is that
the weather is not good. ③This is why he was absent from the
competition.
随堂达标
Ⅰ. 1. signal 2. independent 3. desiring 4. procedures 5. launched
6. gravity 7. vehicle 8. agency 9. frontier 10. mental
Ⅱ. 1.(1)手段 (2)严重性 2.(1)C (2)D (3)A (4)B
Ⅲ. 1. that 2. to enter 3. were achieved 4. disappointed 5. up
6. independently 7. when 8. signaled 9. experiments
10. furthering
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
语法精讲
一、①to complete ②to face ③to run ④to learn
二、①To learn ②to know ③to find ④To tell
三、①to find ②hitting
语法精练
Ⅰ. 1. to gain 2. to explore 3. to broaden 4. to help 5. to store
6. To succeed 7. To realize 8. to learn 9. to be noticed 10. to
be greeted
Ⅱ. 1. failure to pass the examination 2. to practise my spoken
English 3. to be awarded 4. to live independently 5. keep in
touch with 6. To welcome the New Year 7. to improve water
quality 8. to help the local students 9. to meet the demands of
10. I am writing to apply to become a volunteer
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking,
Reading for Writing
自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. keen 2. shallow 3. pattern 4. monitor 5. smartphone
6. resource 7. attach
Ⅱ. 1. global globalisation 2. argument 3. analyse 4. regular
irregular 5. limitless limit 6. close closely 7. mysterious
Ⅲ. 1. waste time / money doing sth. 2. the solution to (doing)sth.
3. fail to do sth. 4. make a difference 5. result in 6. be
transmitted to 7. as a result 8. make efforts to do sth. 9. meet
the requirements 10. provide for sb. 11. at present 12. be close
to 13. in closing 14. run out
Ⅳ. 1. whether to Mars or other planets much further away
2. because of which was first created to meet the requirements
3. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea 4. so as
to provide new and better solutions
Ⅴ. 1. C 2. D 3. C
要点探究
核心词汇
1.①into ② argument ③with ④ against ⑤ I argue that we
(should)protect the environment
2.①a ②of ③in ④from ⑤results from ⑥as a result of
3.①are provided ②with ③providing ④to provide for
4.①limited limitless ②beyond ③ learning ④be limited to
the classroom ⑤a limited number of words
5.①run after ②ran into ③run out ④run out of ⑤run out /
give out / be run out of / be used up
6.①to ②attached ③protecting ④attach great importance to
their childrens education
重点句型
1.①Doing eye exercises in break time helps ②persuading such a
person to join us
2.①bigger ②what ③twice bigger than three times as big as
three times the size of
随堂达标
Ⅰ. 1. shallow 2. global 3. patterns 4. resources 5. analysis
6. monitor 7. otherwise 8. lacking 9. argument 10. limited
Ⅱ. 1.(1)C (2)E (3)A (4)D (5)B 2.(1)喜欢的;依恋
的 (2)监控
Ⅲ. 1. exploring 2. while 3. helpful 4. difference 5. collected
6. for 7. Finally 8. to solve 9. a 10. better
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