Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations Discovering Useful Structures V-ing 作定语和表语 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Discovering Useful Structures V-ing 作定语和表语 复习： V-ing的构成 一般情况：直接在动词原形后加-ing，如：read→reading 以不发音的e结尾：去掉e再加-ing，如：write→writing，make→making 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写这个辅音字母再加-ing，如：sit→sitting，run→running 以ie结尾：将ie变为y再加-ing，如：lie→lying，die→dying 复习： V-ing的构成 否定式 一般否定式：not doing 表示动作未发生或未完成。 Not knowing his address, I couldn’t contact him. 完成否定式：not having done，表示动作未完成且对现在有影响。 Not having finished his homework, he couldn’t watch TV. 被动形式 一般被动式：being done，表示动作正在进行且与逻辑主语构成被动关系。 The building being built is our new library. 完成被动式：having been done，表示动作已经完成且与逻辑主语构成被动关系。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he decided to study harder. Read and discuss These lanterns are amazing. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. Families celebrating the Lunar New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the italicised -ing form. Find more examples from the unit. 一、v-ing基本用法(1)作定语 1. 前置定语（单个分词放在名词前） 结构：(a/an) +V-ing +n. a running dog（奔跑的狗） a sleeping child（正在睡觉的孩子） boiling water（沸腾的水） 表示名词的主动、持续或特征性动作 2. 后置定语（分词短语放在名词后，相当于定语从句的简化） 结构：名词 + v-ing短语 The girl standing by the window is my sister. = The girl who is standing by the window is my sister. The book lying on the table belongs to me. = The book that is lying on the table belongs to me. 注意：分词短语的动作需与谓语动词同时发生，或表示经常性动作。 常见的有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。 有些V-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人……” 1. That must have been a terrifying experience. 2. The experiment was an amazing success. 易混淆点： 区分 现在分词（表动作） vs. 动名词（表用途） a sleeping bag（动名词，表用途，“睡袋”） a sleeping baby（现在分词，“正在睡觉的婴儿”） 动名词作定语一般表示被修饰词的_______和______。 性质 用途 现在分词作定语，表示________的或______的动作。 正在进行 主动 总结： V-ing和 V-ed作定语区别 The barking dog scared the child. The broken window needs to be fixed. Compare: The falling leaves covered the ground. The fallen leaves were swept away. 狗发出“吠叫”的动作 窗户“被打破” 树叶“正在飘落” 树叶“已落下” The confusing instructions made the task harder. The excited audience cheered loudly. 观众“感到兴奋” 说明“令人困惑” V-ing作定语：主动、进行、修饰事物/人（“令人…”） V-ed作定语：被动、完成、修饰人或感受（“感到…”） 总结: 二、v-ing基本用法(2)作表语 结构：主语+系动词（如 be, feel, seem, become 等）+V-ing V-ing 形式作表语时具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。许多形容词化的动词-ing 形式是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有 moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing 等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 V-ing和 V-ed作表语区别 The movie is boring. The news was shocking. Her speech was inspiring. The problem seems confusing. Compare: I am bored with the lecture. The children were excited about the trip. She seemed confused by the question. He felt tired after work. 电影本身“令人感到无聊” 新闻本身“令人震惊” 演讲本身“激励人心” 问题本身“令人困惑” 我“感到无聊” 孩子们“感到兴奋” 她“感到困惑” 他“感到疲惫” V-ing（现在分词） V-ed（过去分词） 主动意义（主语使他人产生感觉） 被动意义（主语自身产生感觉） 描述事物的性质（物作主语） 描述人的感受（人作主语） The book is interesting. I am interested in the book 总结： V-ing 作表语 → 事物/人使他人产生感觉 V-ed 作表语 → 人自身产生的感觉 核心区分逻辑：令人…（V-ing） 感到…（V-ed） V-ing 作表语 vs. 进行时态： She is exciting.（表语：她令人兴奋） She is exciting the crowd.（进行时：她正在使人群激动）。 V-ed 作表语 vs. 被动语态： The door is closed.（表语：门关着） The door was closed by him.（被动：门被他关上了） 三、V-ing作定语和表语练习 The man ___________ (repair) the car is my uncle. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants.(range) She looked at the __________ (confuse) expression on his face.(confuse) The ________ problem of pollution needs attention.(grow) The ________ sun painted the sky red.(rise) repairing ranging confused growing rising Complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town of Buñol every August. I think many food festivals are ______ because people are just eating. However, this festival is ___________because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! The number of people _______part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very _______ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The ________ thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean! boring interesting taking exciting amazing $$