Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar By the end of this section, you will be able to: understand the meaning of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements; summarize the grammatical rules of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements; Lead-in:判断下列V-ing在句子中所充当的成分 Turning to the left,you will see the shop. This is an amazing achievement. I hear someone playing the piano in the next room. attributive定语 adverbial条件状语 object complement 宾语补足语 Turn to page 48 Find verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Verb-ed form as an attributive something produced by the mould Verb-ed form as an adverbial Verb-ed form as an object complement the prepared mind Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. get its mass production started *The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. *Fortune favours the prepared mind. 动词-ed形式作_________ 定语 非谓语“动词-ed”形式，也就是常说的过去分词（短语） Find out the rules-1: 过去分词可用来修饰_______(动词/名词)，作______(表语/定语/宾补)，单个单词放所修饰词_____，分词短语放在所修饰词______，表达____________。 名词 定语 之前 之后 被动和完成 过去分词作定语相当于一个_________ *The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. =The results indicated that something _______________________ the mould had killed the bacteria. 定语从句 which was produced by *Fortune favours the prepared mind. =Fortune favours the mind___________________. which is prepared 动词-ed形式作_____________ *His hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. 宾语补足语 Find out the rules-2: 过去分词紧跟在______(谓语/宾语)之后作__________ 用于补充说明宾语的含义，过去分词与宾语存在_____(主动/被动)关系。 宾语 宾语补足语 被动 常接过去分词作宾补的动词： 1.使役动词，如：make, have, get, keep, leave,set等 2.感官动词，如 watch, notice, see, smell, hear, feel, find 3.表示“希望、想要、要求”的动词，如 want, wish, like, expect, order Find out the rules-3: Surprised by this,Fleming performed some tests. Why did Fleming perform some tests? (Because he was )surprise by this,Fleming performed some tests. 动词-ed形式作___________ 状语 过去分词短语在句中可充当 _________、 _________、 _________、 _________、 _____________ 等状语，可以转换成状语从句。 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 让步状语 伴随、方式状语 Find out the rules-3: 有时为使过去分词（短语）与主句关系更清楚，把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时，可在过去分词前加连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while, when, once, until, if, though等连词) + 过去分词”结构。 Though beaten by the sheep over and over again, I would come back again. Though I was beaten by the sheep over and over again, I would come back again. Following the old man, we went upstairs. 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. 　 Compare —We followed the old man and we went upstairs. 　 — We were followed by the old man and we went upstairs. 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致 现在分词作状语时，所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了) _________(see) from the top of the hill, we know the village is very beautiful. _________(see) from the top of the hill, the village is very beautiful. The students entered the classroom, _________(follow) by the teacher. The students entered the classroom, _________(follow) the teacher. Seeing Seen followed following 即使演练 Working out the rules A verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) _____________ (active/passive) meaning. A verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) _____________ (relative clause/ adverbial clause). A verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Applying the rules Rewrite the following sentences using a verb-ed form as an attributives, adverbial or object complement. 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. The highly praised scientist won an award. 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. 4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. I. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms. 1. The museum which was built in 1900 is still in excellent condition. The museum _______________ is still in excellent condition. 2. The seats which are reserved for the disabled are just near the entrance. The seats ______________________ are just near the entrance. 3. After he was encouraged by what Jane said, Peter walked to the centre of the stage. __________________________, Peter walked to the centre of the stage. built in 1900 reserved for the disabled Encouraged by what Jane said page 76 4. Unless I am invited, I won’t go to Jack’s graduation party. _______________, I won’t go to Jack's graduation party. 5. When I got there, I noticed the car was stuck in the snow. When I got there, I noticed __________________ in the snow. 6. When they were inspired by the young man, they decided to go out and explore the woods. ______________________, they decided to go out and explore the woods. Unless invited the car stuck Inspired by the yound man 7. They broke down the door to reach the people who were locked inside. They broke down the door to reach the people_____________. 8. If I was given more time, I would be able to finish the task. _________________, I would be able to finish the task. locked inside Given more time II. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below. inspire sing apply indicate repeat wait play 1. Unless constantly ________ ,the new words you learn will be easily forgotten. 2. There is a long list of people __________ for the job. 3. I’m terribly sorry to have kept you __________ for such a long time. 4. The bell__________ the end of the period rang,interrupting our dicussion. 5.Have you heard this song_________ before? 6. _________ by the old man, they decided to go out and explore the woods. 7.I saw them_________ basketball in the middle of the day today. repeated applying waiting indicating sung Inspired playing 1. They make great gifts and you see them many times _________ . (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune（2020 全国卷II） decorated 2. Technological innovations, ______ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. （2020 江苏卷） A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with innovation(改革，革新） A Finish the exercises on the workbook and page 49 B2 $$