Unit5 语法grammar过去进行时when和while- 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

have a party dance play soccer do some reading play tennis boat on the sea —What is he doing now? —He is playing tennis. —What are they doing? —They are boating on the sea. 现在进行时概念： 1. 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。 We are having an English class now. 2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 I'm reading a story book this month. 现在进行时构成： be(am, is, are)+动词ing(现在分词) 时间状语: now; right now; Look; Listen; It's 6 o'clock.等 时间点 时间段 现在进行时 句型转换： 肯定句: 主语+ be (am/ is/ are) + doing +其他。 2. 否定句：主语+ be (am/ is/ are) + not + doing +其他。 3. 一般疑问句：be (am/ is/ are) +主语 + doing +其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语 + be (am/ is/ are) . 否定回答：No，主语 + be (am/ is/ are) +not. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句的语序？ He is playing tennis. 否定句：He is not playing tennis. 一般疑问句：Is he playing tennis? 肯定回答：Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, he isn’t. 特殊疑问句：What is he doing? They are boating on the sea. 否定句：They are not boating on the sea. 一般疑问句：Are they boating on the sea? 肯定回答：Yes, they are. 否定回答：No, they are not. 特殊疑问句：What are they doing? What are you doing now? What were you doing at this time yesterday? We are having a class now. We were having a class at this time yesterday. 过去进行时 现在进行时 -----What was she doing at … yesterday? 8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. 2:00 p.m. -----She was … 10:00 p.m. eating drinking singing sleeping pairwork 1. 基本概念109 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。 过去进行时 Presentation 时间点 时间段 8 3. 常用时间状语: at that time; then; all night; from 8 to 10 this morning; at this time yesterday; at that moment(时刻) at 7 last night; at 8 yesterday morning; at the time of … 或while / when 引导的时间状语从句; 上下文暗示 2. 构成 was / were + 动词-ing(doing) (主语为第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，用was，其余人称用were) 助动词 4. 句型结构： 肯定句:主语+ be(was/were)+doing+其他。 否定句:主语+be(was/were)+not+doing+其他。 一般疑问句:be(was/were)+主语+doing+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(was/were). 否定回答：No,主语+be(was/were)+not. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ was not=wasn't were not=weren't 读音P110 句式 (以work为例) 肯定式 I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They were working.. 否定式 I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working. wasn’t weren’t 疑问式 简略回答 肯定 否定 Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it wasn’t. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they weren’t. He was playing football. 否定句：He was not playing football. 一般疑问句：Was he playing football? 肯定回答：Yes, he was. 否定回答：No, he wasn’t. 特殊疑问句：What was he doing? We were having a class at that time. 否定句: We weren’t having a class at that time. 一般疑问句: Were you having a class at that time? 肯定回答：Yes, we were. 否定回答：No, we weren’t. 特殊疑问句： What were you doing at that time? 5.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行 的动作, 强调动作正在进行。 一般过去时则表示过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在 的状态，多指动作已经完成。 David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。 (没有说明信是否写完, 信不一定写完) David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。 (表达了整个写的过程已完成, 信写完了.) 1. I missed his call because at that time I ___ a shower. have B. had C. is having D. was having I saw David and Sam in the playground yesterday afternoon. They___ games with their classmates then. play B. will play C. are playing D. were playing 3. -I shouted to you at the gate, but you didn’t hear me. -Really? I__ a telephone call to my mother. make B. was making C. made D. am making 4. -Where were you when I called？ -I__ on the bed. lied B. was lying C. lay D. am lying 5. -Where was you father at 9 last night? -He ____________(read) a magazine in the living room. D D B B was reading 6. -Miss Lin __________(help)my deskmate with her lessons when I left school. -She is a really nice teacher. 7. My uncle__________(read) books in the room at this time yesterday. 8. -Why did the car hit the boy? -Because the driver__________(talk) on the phone. 9. They_____________(watch) TV from 8 to 10 last night. 10. _____she_______(read) at the time of the rainstorm? 11. Sorry, I didn’t see you, because I ___________(draw) a picture. was helping was talking Was was reading were watching reading was drawing 12. We were playing games when the bell rang.(否定句) We ______ ________ games when the bell rang. 13. Tom did his homework at home yesterday.(用at that time yesterday改写句子) Tom_____ _____his homework at home at that time yesterday. 14. She was making a banana milk shake.(划线提问) ______ ___ she ______? weren’t playing was doing What was doing 延续性动词和非延续性动词     延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间, 而不是 瞬间结束。     如: work、study、drink、eat等。     非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。     如: die, finish, come, go, buy等。 when和while都可表示“当……的时候”，引导____状语从句。 when/while后紧跟句子叫时间状语从句。 你知道两者在过去进行时中的用法有什么不同吗？ 请仔细观察下面的例句，然后补全空格中的内容。 过去进行时中的 when 和 while 观察与探究 时间 ① I was walking to school when I saw a cat in a tree. ②When Sally arrived home, her mother was cleaning the house. 1. 区分主句和从句 2. 区分动作是否可延续 3. 主句的动作是持续性的，而从句动作是短暂性的，此时用 ______ 引导时间状语从句。主句用 __________ 时态，从句用_________时态。 过去进行 when 从句：when+__________(非延续) 主句：__________(延续) 一般过去 一般过去时 过去进行时 含义：表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了 或一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 be doing sth.when...正在做某事，这时... when..., ...be doing sth.当...的时候，...正在做某事 当when从句放在主句之后时，更强调某一动作的突然性，此时when译为“这时” 比较 1. We were watching TV when the bell rang. When the bell rang, we were watching TV. 1. I _________ my homework when Mike ______ last night.   昨天晚上迈克来的时候我正在写作业。 2. When her father ________ home, Ann ____________ TV.   她父亲到家的时候安正在看电视时。 3. What were you doing when I ________ at the door?   我敲门(knock)的时候你在干什么？ 4. She ______________ the room when I _____________ to see her.   我去看她的时候她正在打扫房间。 was doing came was watching arrived 活学活用 was cleaning went knocked ③ While I was sleeping in the bedroom, someone knocked at the door. ④ David fell while he was riding his bike. 1. 区分主句和从句 2. 区分动作是否可延续 3主句的动作是短暂性的，从句的动作是持续性的，此时用 _____ 引导从句，主句用 ________ 时态，从句用_________时态。 一般过去 while 从句：while(when)+___________ (延续) 主句：___________ (非延续) 过去进行 过去进行时 一般过去时 含义：表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了 或一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 While we___________(wait) for the bus, a girl______(run) up to us. While I ___________(sleep), a thief _______(go) into my house. -___did the rainstorm came? -While we ____ a physics lesson yesterday. When, had B. While, had C. When, were having D. While, were having 4. The accident__________(happen) while the woman___________(shop). 活学活用 was waiting ran was sleeping went C happened was shopping ⑤ While Andy was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. ⑥ He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 主句和从句的动作在过去的某时刻或某 段时间同时发生，而且动作都是持续性 的，此时用 _________ 引导从句，而且主 句和从句都用 ____________ 时态。 过去进行 while 从句: while+____________ (延续) 主句：___________(延续) （主从句动作同时发生） 过去进行时 过去进行时 含义：强调过去的两个动作同时发生 I was writing a letter _____she was making a telephone call. while B. when C. before 2. He was singing ______I was writing. 3. She __________(listen) to English while her parents__________(watch) TV. 4. While I__________(sleep), my mother __________(do) the housework. 活学活用 A while was listening were watching was sleeping was doing 5. The girl was playing the guitar when the rain came.(同义句) _____the girl_____ _____the guitar, the rain came. While was playing 1. 从句：when+__________(非延续) 主句：__________(延续) 一般过去时 过去进行时 2. 从句：while(when)+___________ (延续) 主句：___________ (非延续) 过去进行时 一般过去时 3. 从句: while+____________ (延续) 主句：___________(延续) （主从句动作同时发生） 过去进行时 过去进行时 1和2可以进行同义句转换 时态区分 I was …ing when the rainstorm came. While I was …ing, the rainstorm came. 看图造句 I was …ing when the rainstorm came. While I was …ing, the rainstorm came. 看图造句 when or while? 1._____the telephone rang, he was reading . _____ he was reading , the telephone rang. 2. Bob was sleeping _____his mother was cooking . 3. I was studying here______the rainstorm came. 4. Don't use your phone______ you are driving. When 短暂性 While 延续性 while 同时发生 when 延续性 while 短暂性 对比关系 Can you do it?Can you do it? 延续性 短暂性 延续性 Exercises Fill with “While” or “When” 1._______ May was talking on the phone, her sister walked in. 2._____ Rita bought her new dog, it was wearing a little coat. 3._____ I saw Mike, he was wearing a green shirt. 4._____ I was dancing, he was singing loudly. 5. _____ Linda finally saw Dave , he was jumping with a dog . 6. I was cleaning my room ________ he came in. When While While When When when 1. while+was/were doing(后面跟的动作延续,多用进行时态) 2. when+did(后面跟的动作可延续可不延续） Practice 1. I ___________ (watch) TV when she _________ (call). 2. When the phone ____ (ring),I _________(write) a letter. 3. While we __________(have) a picnic, it ________ (start) to rain. 4. While John __________ (sleep) last night, someone ____________ (steal) his car. 5. While we ____________(wait) for the bus, a girl ______________ (run) up to us. 6. I ________________(telephone) a friend when Bob _________________ (come) in. 7. While mother ___________ (make) the bed, the door bell ____________ (ring). 8. We ____________ (test) the new machine when the electricity ________ (go) off. was watching called rang was writing were having started was sleeping stole were waiting ran was phoning came were testing went was making rang 1. when既可指时间点，也可指时间段; 因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是非延续性性动词(时间点)，也可以是延续性动词(时间段) while只可指时间段 因此while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词(时间段) It was snowing when we arrived at the station. My father came home while/when I was watching TV. 2. when 引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生； while 则强调主从句的动作同时发生或同时进行或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 当我们在游泳的时候，一个人偷走了我们的衣服。 While we were swimming someone stole our clothes. Mary was having dinner when I saw her.   The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning. 当我看到Mary的时候她正在吃饭。 当他妈妈昨天早上到家的时候，这个男孩仍然在睡觉。 2. when 引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生； while 则强调主从句的动作同时发生或同时进行或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。 3. when 和while 引导的时间状语从句可以相互改写，但when引导的时间状语从句，主句通常用过去进行时，从句通常用一般过去时，而while引导的时间状语从句和主句通常都用过去进行时。 When the teacher came in, we were talking. While we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing. 5. While 作并列连词时，还可以表示“而，却” I like coffee, while my sister likes tea. $$