高考三大从句的混合练 课件-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项
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高考英语
三大从句的混合辨析
英语三大从句
主从、宾从、同从、表从
定从
状从
名词性从句:整个从句来充当主句的主语,宾语,表语,同位语成分。
定语从句:整个从句来充当形容词的作用,对主句中的名词或代词进行限定。
状语从句:整个从句来充当副词的作用,对主句进行修饰。
名词性从句
形容词性从句(定语从句)
副词性从句(状语从句)
找谓动(≥2套,即无并列时,必有从句)
括从句(从连接词开始到本句话结束)
判主句缺不缺主要成分
主句缺_A___,且所缺成分有一个句子充当,则是_A___从句
判定有无先行词
无,则是状从
(整个从句独立于主句之外,从句只缺状语成分,且从句连词翻译为本义)
有先行词,则判定先行词是否在从句中充当成分
先行词充当,是定从
先行词不充当,是同从
主句缺主,整个句子充当主则是主从
主句缺表,整个句子充当表则是表从
主句缺宾,整个句子充当宾则是宾从
缺
不缺
无
有
找谓动(≥2套,即无并列时,必有从句)
括从句(从连接词开始到本句话结束)
判主句缺不缺主要成分
主句缺_A___,且所缺成分有一个句子充当,则是_A___从句
判定有无先行词
无,则是状从
(整个从句独立于主句之外,从句只缺状语成分且从句连词翻译为本义)
有先行词,则判定先行词是否在从句中充当成分
先行词充当,是定从
先行词不充当,是同从
主句缺主,整个句子充当主则是主从
主句缺表,整个句子充当表则是表从
主句缺宾,整个句子充当宾则是宾从
缺
不缺
无
有
【新课标||卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)TangXianzu, 36 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Ayon.William Shakespeare's hometown.
解题步骤:
step1:无提示词,冠词 介词 连词
step2:谓语动词有 is 和 add,且无并列,则一定有从句。
并且迅速通过elements的单复数判断它的谓语动词是add,
step3:找出从句部分,36 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,”
step4: 判断整个主句缺不缺成分,不缺主宾表,则排除主从,宾从,表从
step5: 判断整个从句并非状语从句
(状语从句必须是从句部分做主句状语,且从句只缺状语)
step6:自动判定该句要么为定从,要么为同从,
看先行词在从句中是否缺成分,该句先行词在从句中做主语成分,因此是定从。按定从的解题思路来
答案为:who
【2024全国甲卷】How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night inmid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
step1:无提示词,冠词 介词 连词
step2:谓语动词有 relaxed 和 is ,且无并列,则一定有从句。
并且迅速通过men判断它的谓语动词是relaxed,
step3:找出从句部分, 43 is now northwestern Wyoming.
step4: 判断是介词后的宾从还是介词+关系代词的定从
step5: 从句所缺成分看是否由前面名词充当,是则该句是定从,须把介词和后面的从句划分一起。若不是,则该句是宾从,须把介词和从句分开放。
step6:该句为宾从,按宾从的解题思路来。
答案为:what
名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句解题思路
分析名词性
从句成分
缺少主要成分
不缺少主要成分
who/whoever/whom/whomever/what/whatever/which/whichever
从句不缺任何成分用从属连词--
that/whether/if
从句缺状语用连接副词--when/where/why/how
确定出来是名词性从句
确定连词
连接代词
【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子可知,同位语从句结构意义完整,解释说明evidence的内容,只缺少连接词,故填that。
step1:无提示词,冠词 介词 连词
step2:谓语动词有 is 和 rang,且无并列,则一定有从句。
并且迅速通过they的单复数判断它的谓语动词是range,
step3:找出从句部分, 61 they range all the way across the Arctic
step4: 判断整个主句缺不缺成分,不缺主宾表,则排除主从,宾从,表从
step5: 判断整个从句并非状语从句?判断时要善用技巧
(状语从句必须是从句部分做主句状语,且从句只缺状语)
step6:自动判定该句要么为定从,要么为同从,
看先行词在从句中是否缺成分,该句先行词在从句中不充当成分,因此是同从。按名词性从句的解题思路来
Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild.
However,the fact is ________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
I'm not sure is more frightened,me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
The next day, Lucy got a letter from Doug thanking her for recognizing which he had done and the importance of his job.
Exercises
what
that
who
which改为what
定语从句的连接词
I找:找到定语从句。
II析:分析先行词在定从中做何成分
III选:缺主宾表定用关系代词
缺状语用关系副词
IIII写:确定答案写正确
定语从句的解题思路
注意
只能用which和只能用that的情况
介词+关系代词的定从与宾从的区分
介词+关系代词中介词的选择规律
① This is the school ______ I once studied.
② This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
③ I am studying at the school ______ my father teaches English.
答案①where和②which、that③where
Exercises
1.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.(2023年全国乙卷·语法填空)
1.“There was once a town in the heart of America, _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.(2023年全国甲卷·语法填空)
定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中充当主语,所以应用关系代词which或that引导。故答案填which/that。
此句中先行词为town,在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导。故答案填where。
状语从句的连接词
1.引导时间状语从句
表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词: when, while, as, whenever等
表示“一…就”的时间连词:as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second
before/after
till/until引导的时间状语从句
since引导的时间状语从句
by the time引导的时间状语从句
2.引导条件状语从句:
if, unless, once, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, supposing that, provided that
3.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。
though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, however, no matter how/what/who
4.引导结果状语从句。 so…that, such…that
5.引导原因状语从句because, since, as
6. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, 等。
7. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
8. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。
till, until(直到……才):一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。
如果主句中的的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同
I didn’t go to bed until (till) my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
I talked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止
I didn't work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作
Please wait until I arrived. 在我到达之前等我。
till, until(直到……才):
条件状从if(如果),unless(除非),once(一旦)等,
条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样,表示将来要用一般现在时态。
unless引导的条件状语从句,意为除非,如果不"
We will climb the mountain tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨,否则明天我们将去爬山。
= We will climb the mountain tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
(1)if引导的条件状语从句表示将来时,注意主将从现。
(2)将if引导的宾语从句和状语从句进行混淆考查,宾语从句中的if表示“是否”,可以使用一般将来时。
once引导的条件状语从句,意为"一旦……就"。Once you begin, never stop. 一旦开始,就绝不要停止。
Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了规则,数学就不难学了。
as引导让步状从的倒装
so...that的倒装
一....就......的倒装
倒表语和状语
部分倒装
部分倒装
Young as he is, he has already achieved great success in his career.
Fast as he ran, he couldn't catch up with the bus.
Student as she is, she manages to balance her studies and social life.
So difficult was the exam that few students passed it.
So quickly did the fire spread that the whole building was engulfed in minutes.
感受感受感受一下
hardly......when /一......就......
标准形式是“主语+had+hardly+过去分词+when引导的时间状语从句”,是属于紧接时间句型。
“when” 部分用一般过去时,hardly部分用过去完成时。
“hardly”在句首时,助动词要放在主语前,形成部分倒装,翻译为“一……就……”“刚……就……”。
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