专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文）（辽宁专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：语篇范围、主题 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 说明文,市场与经济 2 适中 发明与创造 ,说明文,语意转化,逻辑推理,目的意图,段落大意 3 较易 科学技术 ,说明文 4 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 较易 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 8 适中 信息技术 ,社会问题与社会现象,说明文 9 较难 学习,科普知识 ,说明文 10 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 哲理感悟,日常生活 ,说明文 13 较难 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,人工智能 14 适中 医疗 ,科普知识 ,说明文 15 适中 说明文,人工智能 16 适中 旅游观光,社会问题与社会现象,说明文 17 适中 科学技术 ,环境保护,说明文 18 较易 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能 19 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 20 适中 人与动植物,议论文 （一） （23-24高二下·辽宁省辽中区职业教育中心普高班·期中）These days it's hard not to have an opinion about Amazon. While some choose to focus on the negative, including workplace environment concerns in some of its warehouses or the impact that online retail（零售）has had on traditional physical retail stores, many others are extraordinarily grateful for the ability the company has provided during the pandemic（大流行病）to easily order almost anything and receive it in a timely, reliable manner without having to step outside their homes. The debate is the positive impact that the company is having on small businesses, including minority-owned businesses. Amazon's Prime Day Event（scheduled for Oct. 13-14）offers an interesting example. Given the convenience of huge traffic（物流）on Prime Day , that's powerful motivation for consumers to purchase from small businesses—something that a lot of people may not have tried just yet. The move also encourages the company which helps small businesses across the US, which represent over 99. 5% of all US businesses and employ half the country's workforce. While many might assume that Amazon and other online retailers have only negatively impacted small businesses（and, no doubt, many small businesses have been hurt by the rapid shift to online shopping brought on by the pandemic）, there's a whole range of small businesses that have benefited from being on Amazon. Some of these are existing small businesses that have successfully transitioned to functioning in the digital world of online shopping, while others are new small businesses that have been created specifically for the online world, including app developers, content creators, and more. Toyin Kolawole, an entrepreneur（企业家）who immigrated to the U. S. from Nigeria about 20 years ago, provides some fascinating experiences. "I started my company with two products and would go to food shows trying to get noticed," she said. "It was very expensive to participate and hard to make an impact." But she eventually succeeded in getting some of her products into Walmart and Mariano's. "With Amazon, I could take my flour and just put it in the flour section, so it gave me the opportunity to compete fairly," she says. 1．What is implied about Amazon in the first paragraph? A．Most people pay little attention to small business on Amazon recently. B．Many are satisfied with the convenience it brings to their shopping during the pandemic. C．Many people think it has negative impact on traditional physical retail stores. D．People are rarely concerned about the workplace environment in some of is warehouses. 2．What can we know about Prime Day Event on Amazon? A．The event represents 99.5% of US business and employs half the country's workforce. B．The interesting event of Amazon is scheduled from now to October 13-14. C．Consumers are motivated to do online shopping for convenient delivery on that day. D．This event has done more harm to small businesses by the rapid shift to online shopping. 3．What does the underlined word "transitioned" in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Adapted. B．Related. C．Contributed. D．Changed. 4．What does Toyin Kolawole mostly probably think of Amazon? A．It was helpful for her to be given the opportunity to compete fairly. B．It was very expensive to start the small business on Amazon. C．It was hard to make her products to have an impact on Amazon. D．It was useless to go to food shows trying to get noticed on Amazon. （二） （23-24高二下·辽宁省辽中区职业教育中心普高班·期中）Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's internal temperature into electricity. "In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery," said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder. The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers. Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. "Whenever you use a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it," Xiao said. "The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power." Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. "The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment," Xiao said. 5．What does Xiao expect of his device at present? A．It will be used for medical purposes. B．It will be made smaller and wearable. C．It will change natural power into electricity. D．It will supply constant power to wearable devices. 6．Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text? A．To give an explanation. B．To make a comparison. C．To introduce a topic. D．To analyze the cause. 7．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The strengths of Xiao's device. B．The convenience of using a battery. C．The replacement of wearable devices. D．The development of traditional electronics. 8．What do we know about Xiao's device from the text? A．It operates with plenty of power. B．It is designed for practical use. C．It benefits people's health in a way. D．It's based on traditional electronics. （三） （23-24高二下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）The days of having to remember your ID could soon be a thing of the past. The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. The technology is thought to be up to 99. 77 percent accurate and able to distinguish people better than a human. Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. Baidu, a web firm often referred to as “Chinese Google”, created the system. When people now check in to their accommodation, they will have their photo taken and uploaded to a central database upon leaving and re-entering the town, the system will re-check that they are still a guest at a hotel, before allowing them back in. The technology is being used to track the 5,000 visitors that stay in the town’s hotels every day. Yuan Qing lin, director of the Institute of deep Learning at Baidu, told The Verge, “With our technology, you don’t need to give your ID．When you are approaching a gate, it will take a photo of you and compare that photo to the database.” Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying. Baidu’s system is based on neural networks, which can process huge amounts of data-more than one billion faces. As well as recognizing faces, the system can discover facial movements, so it can’t be fooled by holding a mask. Baidu is also using the software for employee entry at its Beijing headquarters. 9．What can be learned about the facial recognition technology from the passage? A．The technology could soon be a thing of the past. B．The technology can match visitor’s faces with those in the database. C．The technology can be over 99.77% accurate. D．The technology is being used to track where the 5000 visitors are going. 10．Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “stunning” in paragraph 2? A．humorous B．awkward C．attractive D．funny 11．Why has Wuzhen quit using ticket-entry system? A．Because the tickets were too expensive. B．Because some people shared their tickets to avoid paying. C．Because the tickets didn’t sell well. D．Because the system can be fooled by someone without a mask. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese tourist town Wuzhen is using facial recognition. B．Baidu, a web company, is using the recognition system. C．Facial recognition is widely used in China. D．Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with many visitors going there to see the system. （四） （23-24高二下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats. As part of the world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and stability to nature’s processes. Wildlife conservation is aimed to ensure the survival of these species and educate people on living sustainably with other species. The number of people has grown to more than eight billion today, and it continues to rapidly grow. The economic growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. This threat is at top of the list and means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. The introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world is another threat to wildlife. Other threats include climate change, pollution, fishing and hunting. International organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Wildlife Conservation Society and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife protection areas. They help write legislation(法规), such as the Endangered Species Act(ESA)of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to charge those with wildlife crimes. They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow the extinction of global species and protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world. 13．Which is a goal of wildlife conservation according to the text? A．To stop introducing invasive species. B．To encourage harmonious coexistence. C．To control the number of world people. D．To increase the use of natural resources. 14．What is the biggest threat to wildlife? A．Hunting. B．Human activity. C．Pollution. D．Climate change. 15．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The activities of protection areas. B．The importance of biodiversity promotion. C．The relevant efforts of international organizations. D．The great impact of wildlife crimes on ecosystems. 16．What does the author want to present in the last paragraph? A．The necessity of legislation. B．The wildlife conservation’s achievements. C．The individuals’ contributions to the environment. D．The statistics about the wildlife conservation efforts. （五） （23-24高二下·辽宁省朝阳市建平县实验中学·期中）We might think of our eye color as one of our defining physical features, as personal to us as the shape of our nose. But, surprisingly, our eye color doesn’t always remain constant throughout our lives. Evidence suggests whether a baby’s eye color changes or not depends a lot on the color itself. One study led by American researcher Cassie Ludwig tracked 148 babies born at a hospital in California,recording their iris (虹膜) color at birth. Over half of the babies were born with brown eyes, and less than one-third with blue. Two years later, the researchers found of the 40 blue-eyed babies in the study, l1 had brown eyes by the age of two, three had hazel (浅赤褐色的), and two had green. Of the 77 brown-eyed newborns, almost all (73) still had brown eyes at the age of two. But why do blue eyes change more? The answer may be found in the fact that when the babies’ eyes did change color, they tended to become darker, not lighter. In Ludwig’s study, one-third of the babies’ eyes changed color in their first two years, with the most common change being eyes becoming darker. The trend towards darkening may be due to the build-up of a protective pigment (色素) in the irises — but more on this later. Such relatively common, healthy color change is mostly limited to early childhood. In another study in the US, which tracked more than 1,300 twins from babyhood to adulthood, eye color usually stopped changing by the age of six. Among non-identical twins, eye color was more likely to change than among identical twins. Sometimes color changes can be seen in hair in newborns throughout childhood. “Some babies are born with blonde hair, but they’ve got quite dark brown hair when they become older,” says Australian researcher David Mackey. “That’s probably because the pigment in your hair can increase gradually over time. “It may be a similar story for eye color,” he suggests, with greater quantities of pigment — the main pigment in the eyes is melanin (黑色素) — building up in the months or years after birth. 17．What was the finding of Ludwig and her colleagues? A．Babies’ iris colors are likely to remain unchanged. B．US babies are more likely to be born with blue eyes. C．Brown eyes are likely to become several other colors. D．Blue eyes are more likely to change color than brown eyes. 18．During the color change, what causes the babies’ eyes to become darker? A．The growth of a pigment in the iris. B．Unhealthy diet among two-year-olds. C．The interaction of different colors. D．The exposure of eyes to light. 19．Why does the author mention the study involving over 1,300 twins? A．To prove twins’ eyes are more likely to change color. B．To show how long eye color change will continue. C．To explain why eye color change is common among babies. D．To stress non-identical twins’ eyes often change color in later life. 20．How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A．By giving descriptions. B．By following time order. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering some examples. （六） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联合体·期中）It is often said that laughter is the best medicine. But some researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors able to form much larger groups. The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown 15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs. Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to 10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to withstand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs. Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful. However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds. “Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,” he added. In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced. The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago. “The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,” Dunbar added. 21．Prof Dunbar’s study was to ________. A．test the pain thresholds of humans B．measure the endorphin levels while laughing C．develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain D．explore the influence of laughter on forming human societies 22．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to “________”. A．the researcher B．endorphin level C．the ice D．belly laugh 23．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．More experiments about laughter will be carried out. B．People who laugh a lot are friendlier towards each other. C．Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group. D．The first humans could only form small communities smaller than 100. 24．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Endorphins can make us feel less painful. B．All comedy programs can help us reduce pain. C．Mr. Bean and Friends are both very successful to raise pain thresholds. D．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups. （七） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 25．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell. C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers. 26．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A．The teeth that baleen whales have. B．The smell that phytoplankton send. C．The sound waves that zooplankton create. D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 27．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples. C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences. 28．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food. C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate. （八） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）About ten years ago, logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms (算法) to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics. Kyle Chayka, a writer for The New Yorker, discusses this topic in his book, Filterworld. He explains that algorithms analyze user data to predict and influence what they will likely engage with. This means that instead of a simple, chronological feed, users encounter a dynamic stream, constantly adapting to their preferences. Chayka examines how these algorithmic recommendations control what we consume, from music and movies to food and travel destinations. He argues that this machine-driven selection process has turned us into passive consumers, making our preferences and tastes more similar. Chayka points out that algorithms make us passive by always showing us content that we’re unlikely to click away from but won’t find too unexpected or challenging. This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors. Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms. For instance, musicians on Spotify or TikTok might focus on creating catchy hooks at the beginning of their songs to grab the listener’s attention. Despite the strong presence of these algorithms, Chayka believes that regulation could reduce their influence. He suggests that if Meta, the parent company of Facebook, were required to separate its various services, like Instagram or WhatsApp, and make them compete with each other, it could give users more control and choice over their digital consumption. In summary, the change from simple, time-ordered social. media posts to algorithm-driven content has a big impact on both the viewers and the creators, influencing what we see, hear, and even think. Chayka’s insights highlight the need for greater awareness and potentially more regulation in our increasingly digital world. 29．According to the text, how have social media platforms changed in the past ten years? A．They show posts in a time-based order. B．They prioritize posts from friends and family. C．They make adjustments to satisfy users’ needs. D．They provide more content to meet different needs. 30．What does Kyle Chayka think of algorithmic recommendations? A．They make users more active consumers. B．They shape users’ preferences and behaviors. C．They reduce the influence of content creators. D．They expose users to diverse and challenging content. 31．How do algorithms influence musicians’ work on digital platforms? A．By encouraging musicians to create longer songs. B．By discouraging musicians from using catchy hooks. C．By giving musicians more control and choice over their music. D．By requiring musicians to create their work to fit the platforms. 32．What can be concluded from the text? A．Tech companies should have more departments. B．Social media algorithms give content creators less opportunities. C．Social media algorithms flatten our culture by making decisions for us. D．Network platforms have increased the common recommendations for 10 years. （九） （23-24高二下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers. According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student's growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom. These teachers may convey how, in their classes, mistakes are learning opportunities, not signs of low ability, and back up this view with assignments and evaluations that reward continual improvement. This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset. The study analyzed data from the National Study of Learning Mindset, which was an intervention experiment conducted with a sample of ninth-grade students’ math grades. The present focus on math grades is motivated by the fact that students tend to find math challenging and anxiety inducing, and therefore, a growth mindset might help students face those challenges productively. In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset. They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades. Successfully teaching a growth mindset to students lifted math grades overall, but this was not enough for all students to reap the benefits of a growth-mindset intervention. Supportive classroom contexts also mattered.Students who were in classrooms with teachers who approved of more of a fixed mindset did not show gains in their math grades over ninth grade, whereas the same kind of students in classrooms with more growth-mind set teachers showed meaningful gains. In general, they view the testing and understanding of the causal effect of teacher mindset as the next step for mindset science. Such research will be challenging to carry out, however. 33．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How a student's growth-mindset is inspired. B．Why a teacher's growth mindset is important. C．How mistakes turn into learning opportunities. D．Why a student continues acting on growth mindset. 34．What can we learn from the study on ninth-grade students? A．Students were unable to overcome maths challenge. B．The positive effect was concentrated on all students. C．The sample size of the experiment was insufficient. D．Students at baseline were influenced considerably. 35．In the growth-mindset intervention, the teachers' mindset_______. A．has an influence on the effectiveness B．is determined by supportive classroom C．always brings meaningful gains to students D．plays a decisive role in students' significant gains 36．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Academic Performance: The Influence of Students’ Mindset B．Students’ Learning Motivation: The Impact of Teachers’ Mindset C．Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers D．Fixed and Growth Mindset: Their Relationship and Impact （十） （23-24高二下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s door to the stomach. In a study published recently in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of ancient human beings to find out what they were really eating. They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits(坑). The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees and bushes leave another kind because they photosynthesize(进行光合作用)differently. Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proved wrong. The best example was the Paranthropus(傍人属类人猿), one of our close cousins, some of whom lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe that they ate nuts, fruits and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting that they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds. However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthropus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggested they probably ate grass, not nuts and seeds. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find. Carbon “footprints” give us a completely new and different understanding of what different species ate and the different environments they lived in, which also provide a groundbreaking perspective on the diets and habitats of various species. This method has reshaped our understanding of ancient human diets, challenging previous assumptions based on tooth and skull morphology. 37．Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence? A．Anthropologists can know the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth. B．Anthropologists can find out the diet of early humans by studying their teeth. C．Anthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth. D．Anthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth. 38．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves. B．Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds. C．Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth. D．Early humans with hard and sharp teeth at e meat and leaves. 39．Why is the example of the Paranthropus mentioned? A．To show they had different eating habits from other humans. B．To prove living environment makes a difference to skull structure. C．To demonstrate they were one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa. D．To reveal the size and shape of teeth don’t show accurately what early humans ate. 40．Which structural element does the author mainly use to develop the passage? A．Cause and effect. B．Problem and solution. C．Comparison and contrast. D．Listing and classification. （十一） （23-24高二下·辽宁省部分学校·期中）Food polluted with fungi (真菌) can be an inconvenience at best and life-threatening at worst. But new research shows that removing just one protein can leave some fungal toxins (毒素) high and dry, and that’s potentially good news for food safety. Some fungi produce toxic chemicals called mycotoxins that not only ruin food such as grains but can also make us sick. “It is a silent enemy,” said fungal researcher Ozgur Bayram of Maynooth University in Ireland, as most people don’t notice when foods like corn or wheat are ruined. For years, researchers have known that some fungi produce these toxins, but didn’t know all the detail. Now, Bayram and his colleagues have identified a group of proteins responsible for turning on the production of mycotoxins. Genetically engineering the fungus to remove even just one of the proteins prevents the toxins from being made, the researchers reported in the September 23 issue of Nucleic Acids Research. “The newly identified proteins act like a keystarting a car,” Bayram said. “The researchers wanted to figure out how to remove the key and prevent the starting signal from going through, meaning that no toxins would be made in the first place.” Bayram and his team identified the proteins in a kind of fungus named A．nidulans, revealing that four proteins come together to make the key. The researchers genetically engineered the fungus to delete each protein in turn. When any of the four proteins are missing, the key does not start mycotoxin ignition(点火装置), the team found. Fungi and fungi-like organisms are estimated to ruin a third of the world’s food crops each year. If that contamination could be prevented, Bayram estimates the saved food would be enough to feed 800 million people in 2024. The new research is a good start, but it will still be a challenge to try to understand how this can be operationalized for agricultural purposes. “It’s difficult to apply the technique, and getting US regulatory agencies to approve the use of a genetically modified fungus on key food crops might be difficult,” said Felicia Wu a food safety expert. 41．Why is the mycotoxin called “a silent enemy”? A．It is hard to be proved. B．It tends to be unnoticed. C．Its protein is harmful. D．Its damage is incurable. 42．What does the underlined word “contamination” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Pollution B．Increase C．Spread D．Control 43．What is one difficulty according to Felicia Wu? A．Changing the genes of fungus. B．Putting the technique to practical use. C．Enlarging the size of farmland. D．Using genetically modified food. 44．What is the main idea of the text? A．Many crops are ruined by fungi each year. B．Fungi bring great harm to people’s health. C．Deleting a protein can stop toxin production. D．Researchers found new proteins producing toxins. （十二） （23-24高二下·辽宁省部分学校·期中）Sharon downsized her parents’ home and then cleared out her father’s stuff after he died. “So much of it hadn’t been used in years. So I decided that we wouldn’t do the same thing to our children.” Sharon spent six months looking over each object in her home. Each day, she sold, donated or threw one away. “It was liberating,” she said. “Now, life is much simpler and the clutter (杂乱) is gone.” This process has its own reality TV show, The Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning. Inspired by a best-selling book by Magnusson, 89, three Swedes travel across the Atlantic to help Americans clean house and face death. “A loved one wishes to inherit (继承) nice things from you,” mentions Magnusson in her book, “not all things from you.” If you’re lucky enough to meet your material needs, then letting go of some of your stuff, or not buying it in the first place, can bring immediate benefits. The clutter is linked to stress and anxiety, even depression. Prioritizing relationships and experience over possessions has been proven to boost our happiness. What is Swedish death cleaning? It isn’t about clearing out closets. It’s about rethinking your relationship with things. Rather than making do with less, it’s about getting more from the things that make you happy. Death cleaning happens to agree with scientists’ understanding of our relationship with things and why we’re unwilling to part with them. Decades of research has shown that we subconsciously see our possessions as physical extensions of ourselves. For most of us, of course, a degree of attachment is healthy, but it’s not the number of things or the quality that matters. It’s about the symbolic meaning of it. That can bring a lot of happiness. Things take up space in our minds, well beyond what our storerooms and garages hold. By clarifying what’s important and what’s not, you make room. Your loved ones can receive what they might like before you go, relieving themselves of the burden of cleaning up once you’re gone. 45．Why does the author mention Sharon’s experience in paragraph 1? A．To lead to the topic. B．To make a comparison. C．To support an argument. D．To reach a conclusion. 46．What is the purpose of Swedish death cleaning? A．To reduce the waste. B．To remember their loved ones. C．To boost their happiness. D．To make the reality TV show. 47．What should one focus on when cleaning up the old things? A．The quantity. B．The popularity. C．The significance. D．The degree of attachments. 48．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Old Stuff: a Heavy Burden or a Sweet Memory. B．Everyone’s Stuff: Physical Extensions of Himself. C．The Way to Deal with Your Belongings: Give Away. D．Swedes’ Secret to Happiness: You Aren’t Your Stuff. （十三） （23-24高二下·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟·期中）Teachers worried about students turning in essays written by a popular artificial intelligence chatbot now have a new tool of their own. Edward Tian, a computer science major at Princeton University, has built an App called GPTZero to detect whether a text is written by Chat GPT, which is a popular chatbot that has caused fears over its possibility for immoral uses in American academic circles. His motivation to create the computer program was to fight what he sees as an increase in AI plagiarism (剽窃). Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022, there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own. Many teachers have reached out to him after he released GPTZero, telling him about the positive results they’ve seen from testing it. To determine whether an essay is written by a computer program, GPTZero uses two indicators: “confusion” and “burstiness (突发性)”. The first indicator measures the complexity of text; if GPTZero is confused by the text, then it has a high complexity and it’s more likely to be human-written. However, if the text is more familiar to GPTZero — because it’s been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated. Besides, the second indicator compares the variations of sentences. Humans tend to write with greater burstiness, for example, with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones. AI sentences tend to be more uniform. In a demonstration video, Tian compared the App’s analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a Linked In post written by ChatGPT. It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI. However, GPTZero isn’t foolproof, as some users have reported when putting it to the test. He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy. Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT. GPTZero is “not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used,” he said. “But with any new technologies, we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.” 49．What have some students done since ChatGPT was released? A．They have built language models from ChatGPT. B．They have copied AI-written text from ChatGPT C．They have accessed their assignments through ChatGPT. D．They have passed their writing exams through ChatGPT. 50．What can be inferred about the two indicators of GPTZero? A．The more uniform the text is, the more likely it is to be AI-generated. B．The less complex the text is, the more likely it is to be human-written. C．GPTZero sometimes confuses human-written texts with AI-generated texts. D．GPTZero is more familiar with human-written texts than with AI-generated texts. 51．What does the underlined word “foolproof” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．User-friendly. B．Time-efficient. C．Perfectly legal. D．Completely reliable. 52．What maybe Tian’s attitude to the use of AI tools? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Ambiguous. （十四） （23-24高二下·辽宁省东北育才学校科学高中部·期中）For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 53．What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A．Its protecting system. B．Its exposure to diseases. C．Its controlling function. D．Its connection to the body. 54．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A．By explaining a theory. B．By providing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. 55．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A．Cheaper. B．More specific. C．Safer. D．More direct. 56．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A．Brain health depends on immune changes. B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C．The brain can help enhance psychological health. D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. （十五） （23-24高二下·辽宁省东北育才学校科学高中部·期中）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them. Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋予人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage. After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit. Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 57．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject. C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept. 58．How do human interact with the machines effectively? A．By improving the machines’ imagination. B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills. C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition. D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior. 59．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The advancements in AI technology in lab. B．The marketing strategies of AI applications. C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI. D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions. 60．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C．It will become a threat to human social skills. D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology. （十六） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）Would you take a trip if you couldn’t use your cellphone? A new tour company called Off the Grid is asking travellers to put their cellphones away and not even use them for photos. The company founder, Zach Beattie, is developing his business, using money he saved from a tech job at a mapping company. He’s hired guides for every trip but will help lead the first few himself. The first trip is to Lisbon, Portugal, in July. It takes 7 to 10 days, with small groups of up to 16 people. Prices range from $1,500 to $1,650, including accommodations, meals and ground transportation. The plan includes at least three excursions (远足) and two social events, with an emphasis on unique experiences over bucket-list sightseeing. The tour also includes surfing lessons, yoga on the beach, a day of sailing and dinner with a local family. “When you’re somewhere new, there’s a lot to see and a lot of cool and interesting people to meet,” Beattie said. “Your phone can distract (使分心) you.” The phone ban won’t be enforced quite as strictly as it seems at first glance. “We want it to be voluntary,” he said. “We’re not collecting phones and throwing them in a locked trunk. It’s held by you, but put in your pocket, and you state your intentions for the week, whether that’s checking your social media once or twice a day or a total blackout.” Tour-goers also get a “dumbphone” without Internet access that’s loaded with numbers for group leaders and other participants, both for emergencies and to promote socializing. Participants may bring regular cameras, but Beattie is hiring a photographer for each tour so there will be plenty of photos to remember the trip. Once the trip is over, participants will have access to those photos for use in social media posts. 61．What can be learned about Zach Beattie? A．He set up his business at his own expense. B．He is always guiding every trip personally. C．He forbids tourists to take along cellphones. D．He used to earn his living in a tour company. 62．What do we know about the Lisbon trip? A．The trip features sightseeing. B．Participants live in homestays. C．Air ticket is covered in the cost. D．Tourists experience water sports. 63．What does Zach Beattie expect the participants to do? A．Lock their phones in a trunk. B．Post their photos on social media. C．Free themselves from their phones. D．Shift their focus onto dumbphones. 64．What can tour-goers do with the dumbphone? A．Take photos. B．Access the Internet. C．Record the trip. D．Contact group members. （十七） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa. Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks. While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions. Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities. 65．According to paragraph 3, there is a conflict between ________. A．poor farmers and solar-powered irrigation B．human consumption and clean energy limits C．crop diversity and crop production expansion D．pumping efficiency and groundwater exhaustion 66．What did Garrick and his team suggest for a positive change? A．Integrating data collection and regulation. B．Improving carbon emission monitoring. C．Separating data for land use changes. D．Establishing groundwater levels. 67．What does the author propose the readers do? A．Perform as the authorities suggest. B．Act based on further understanding. C．Quicken the adoption of solar irrigation. D．Challenge the groundwater management. 68．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Complexities of Adopting Solar Pumps B．Solar-Powered Irrigation: Farmers’ New Future C．The Promise and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation D．Balancing Clean Energy Boost and Poverty Reduction （十八） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa, you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online. They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting: Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today? Depending on the site, the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions. Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with computers. They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent behavior that is equivalent to that of a human. Chatbots communicate through speech or text. Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP), which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read, analyze and interpret human language. This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and meaning. NLP, in essence, allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to appropriately respond. With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning, chatbots can interpret more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between human and machine. Essentially, a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands. The more a chatbot communicates with you, the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions. Your positive responses reinforce its answers, and then it uses those answers again. From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites, answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions. 69．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in Paragraph 1? A．To explain how a chatbot works. B．To show where to find a chatbot. C．To give examples of chatbots. D．To compare different chatbots. 70．What is the basis of chatbots? A．Language study. B．Data transmission. C．Social interaction. D．Natural language processing. 71．What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Inspire. B．Strengthen. C．Organize. D．Match. 72．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The author’s predictions. C．The effects of chatbots. D．The applications of chatbots. （十九） （23-24高二下·辽宁省七校协作体·期中）It was long theorized that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex(额叶皮层) of the brain, which is considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory. The study of decision-making in rats may help scientists find the roots of flawed decision-making common to mental health disorders such as addiction, the authors say. They used-a new tool to manipulate(操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to them receiving rewards or no rewards. If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward. The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices. Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.” Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain calculations were disrupted(扰乱)in animals that had taken methamphetamine. “Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans,” Groman said. 73．How was Yale’s research different from the previous theory? A．It defined the function of different brain regions. B．It identified specific circuits involved in decision-making. C．It focused on the connection between choices and memories. D．It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher-order thinking. 74．What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman’s words? A．Memories are related to all the three circuits. B．People base their decisions on personal preferences. C．The three circuits are all of vital importance in making decisions. D．The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely. 75．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．The limitations of the present study. B．A description of the research method. C．A possible reason for the study findings. D．The potential application of the conclusion. 76．What might be the best title for the text? A．How people get addicted and cured B．How making decisions influences our brain C．How our brain develops when facing choices D．How the brain helps us make good decisions and bad ones （二十） （22-23高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）In a dark room, it may seem there will be little to detect in the darkness. However, a bird in the room will be able to pick up on the magnetic field(磁场)of the earth and will know which direction to fly if it is time to migrate(迁徙). A snake will detect the presence of humans in the room by sensing their radiation. Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space. Each animal has access to its own sensory environment — called an “umwelt”. “Umwelt” was popularized by a German biologist named Jakob von Uexküll. The word comes from the German for “environment”, but Jakob von Uexküll wasn’t using it to mean the physical environment. He meant the sensory environment, the unique set of smells, sights, sounds and textures that each animal has access to. Humans can’t sense the faint electric fields that sharks and ducks can, or the magnetic fields that robins and sea turtles detect. Our ears can’t hear the call of rodents and hummingbirds, and our eyes can’t see the light that birds and bees can sense. Our noses can’t detect various odors(气味)that dogs would be able to smell. So imagining the world as animals perceive it opens up a new appreciation for the everyday wonders of nature. If we think of nature as something remote and distant, accessible only to someone who can go to a national park, we lose the motivation to save and protect it. Instead, we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us. Then nature would feel like something close. In that case, people will be more motivated to try and protect it. Protecting nature isn’t just about saving whales or pandas, but about protecting things that are close to us. 77．What does the author intend to show by using the example of a dark room? A．Automatic adjustments to the darkness. B．Important functions of sense organs. C．Natural strengths of animals and humans. D．Diverse perceptions of the same environment. 78．What does the underlined word “umwelt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The natural world. B．The biological science. C．The surroundings that animals detect. D．The environment that animals live in. 79．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Limitations of human senses. B．Wonders of living creatures. C．The lack of animal knowledge. D．The comparison of organs. 80．What does the author suggest doing? A．Presenting the national parks. B．Caring about the creatures around us. C．Rescuing endangered species. D．Appreciating what we possess. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解20篇（说明文&议论文） 考查范围：语篇范围、主题 题号 难度 知识点 阅读理解CD篇 1 适中 说明文,市场与经济 2 适中 发明与创造 ,说明文,语意转化,逻辑推理,目的意图,段落大意 3 较易 科学技术 ,说明文 4 适中 人与动植物,环境保护,说明文 5 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 7 较易 动物,科普知识 ,说明文 8 适中 信息技术 ,社会问题与社会现象,说明文 9 较难 学习,科普知识 ,说明文 10 较易 科普知识 ,说明文 11 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 12 适中 哲理感悟,日常生活 ,说明文 13 较难 社会问题与社会现象,说明文,人工智能 14 适中 医疗 ,科普知识 ,说明文 15 适中 说明文,人工智能 16 适中 旅游观光,社会问题与社会现象,说明文 17 适中 科学技术 ,环境保护,说明文 18 较易 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能 19 适中 科普知识 ,说明文 20 适中 人与动植物,议论文 （一） （23-24高二下·辽宁省辽中区职业教育中心普高班·期中）These days it's hard not to have an opinion about Amazon. While some choose to focus on the negative, including workplace environment concerns in some of its warehouses or the impact that online retail（零售）has had on traditional physical retail stores, many others are extraordinarily grateful for the ability the company has provided during the pandemic（大流行病）to easily order almost anything and receive it in a timely, reliable manner without having to step outside their homes. The debate is the positive impact that the company is having on small businesses, including minority-owned businesses. Amazon's Prime Day Event（scheduled for Oct. 13-14）offers an interesting example. Given the convenience of huge traffic（物流）on Prime Day , that's powerful motivation for consumers to purchase from small businesses—something that a lot of people may not have tried just yet. The move also encourages the company which helps small businesses across the US, which represent over 99. 5% of all US businesses and employ half the country's workforce. While many might assume that Amazon and other online retailers have only negatively impacted small businesses（and, no doubt, many small businesses have been hurt by the rapid shift to online shopping brought on by the pandemic）, there's a whole range of small businesses that have benefited from being on Amazon. Some of these are existing small businesses that have successfully transitioned to functioning in the digital world of online shopping, while others are new small businesses that have been created specifically for the online world, including app developers, content creators, and more. Toyin Kolawole, an entrepreneur（企业家）who immigrated to the U. S. from Nigeria about 20 years ago, provides some fascinating experiences. "I started my company with two products and would go to food shows trying to get noticed," she said. "It was very expensive to participate and hard to make an impact." But she eventually succeeded in getting some of her products into Walmart and Mariano's. "With Amazon, I could take my flour and just put it in the flour section, so it gave me the opportunity to compete fairly," she says. 1．What is implied about Amazon in the first paragraph? A．Most people pay little attention to small business on Amazon recently. B．Many are satisfied with the convenience it brings to their shopping during the pandemic. C．Many people think it has negative impact on traditional physical retail stores. D．People are rarely concerned about the workplace environment in some of is warehouses. 2．What can we know about Prime Day Event on Amazon? A．The event represents 99.5% of US business and employs half the country's workforce. B．The interesting event of Amazon is scheduled from now to October 13-14. C．Consumers are motivated to do online shopping for convenient delivery on that day. D．This event has done more harm to small businesses by the rapid shift to online shopping. 3．What does the underlined word "transitioned" in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Adapted. B．Related. C．Contributed. D．Changed. 4．What does Toyin Kolawole mostly probably think of Amazon? A．It was helpful for her to be given the opportunity to compete fairly. B．It was very expensive to start the small business on Amazon. C．It was hard to make her products to have an impact on Amazon. D．It was useless to go to food shows trying to get noticed on Amazon. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马逊在疫情期间给人们带来的便利以及它对包括少数族裔企业在内的小企业的积极影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“many others are extraordinarily grateful for the ability the company has provided during the pandemic（大流行病）to easily order almost anything and receive it in a timely, reliable manner without having to step outside their homes.（还有许多人非常感激该公司在疫情期间能够轻松订购几乎所有东西，并以及时、可靠的方式接收，而无需走出家门。）”可推断，许多人对疫情期间亚马逊给购物带来的便利感到满意。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Given the convenience of huge traffic（物流）on Prime Day , that's powerful motivation for consumers to purchase from small businesses—something that a lot of people may not have tried just yet.（考虑到Prime Day的巨大流量带来的便利，这是消费者向小企业购买商品的强大动力——很多人可能还没有尝试过这种方式。）”可知，关于亚马逊Prime Day Event，我们了解到为了当天送货方便，消费者有动力进行网上购物。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。划线单词前面是“existing small businesses（现有小企业）”，后面是“functioning in the digital world of online shopping（在线购物数字世界）”可知，前后企业结构是一种转变，所以transitioned是“改变”的意思。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Toyin Kolawole说的话“With Amazon, I could take my flour and just put it in the flour section, so it gave me the opportunity to compete fairly（有了亚马逊，我可以把我的面粉放在面粉区，所以它给了我公平竞争的机会）”可推断，Toyin Kolawole认为亚马逊给她公平竞争的机会对她很有帮助。故选A。 （二） （23-24高二下·辽宁省辽中区职业教育中心普高班·期中）Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's internal temperature into electricity. "In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery," said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder. The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved humans to harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers. Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. "Whenever you use a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it," Xiao said. "The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power." Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. "The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment," Xiao said. 5．What does Xiao expect of his device at present? A．It will be used for medical purposes. B．It will be made smaller and wearable. C．It will change natural power into electricity. D．It will supply constant power to wearable devices. 6．Why does the author mention The Matrix series in the text? A．To give an explanation. B．To make a comparison. C．To introduce a topic. D．To analyze the cause. 7．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The strengths of Xiao's device. B．The convenience of using a battery. C．The replacement of wearable devices. D．The development of traditional electronics. 8．What do we know about Xiao's device from the text? A．It operates with plenty of power. B．It is designed for practical use. C．It benefits people's health in a way. D．It's based on traditional electronics. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的科研团队近日研发出了一种新型可穿戴设备，这种装置可以将人体“转化成”生物电池，从而为人们随身佩戴的电器设备提供持久动力。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery(未来，我们希望能够无需电池为可穿戴电子设备供电。)”可知，Xiao希望自己团队的这个发明将来能够给人们随身佩戴的各种设备提供不竭的动力，而不使用传统电池。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Xiao and his colleagues aren’t that ambitious(Xiao和他的同事们没有那么雄心勃勃)”可知，作者提及电影《黑客帝国》系列是为了把这项新发明同该电影里机器人对生物能源的利用目的做对比。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“heal itself when damaged(受损后可以自我修复)”; “fully recyclable(完全可回收)”及“provides you with constant power(给你源源不断的能量)”。可知，该段主要讲述Xiao团队的这个发明的优点。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Xiao团队的这个发明在人们快步走时就能发挥功能，提供的电力足可以媲美人们通常佩戴的手表电池，因此这是一项非常有实际利用价值的发明。故选B。 （三） （23-24高二下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）The days of having to remember your ID could soon be a thing of the past. The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. The technology is thought to be up to 99. 77 percent accurate and able to distinguish people better than a human. Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. Baidu, a web firm often referred to as “Chinese Google”, created the system. When people now check in to their accommodation, they will have their photo taken and uploaded to a central database upon leaving and re-entering the town, the system will re-check that they are still a guest at a hotel, before allowing them back in. The technology is being used to track the 5,000 visitors that stay in the town’s hotels every day. Yuan Qing lin, director of the Institute of deep Learning at Baidu, told The Verge, “With our technology, you don’t need to give your ID．When you are approaching a gate, it will take a photo of you and compare that photo to the database.” Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying. Baidu’s system is based on neural networks, which can process huge amounts of data-more than one billion faces. As well as recognizing faces, the system can discover facial movements, so it can’t be fooled by holding a mask. Baidu is also using the software for employee entry at its Beijing headquarters. 9．What can be learned about the facial recognition technology from the passage? A．The technology could soon be a thing of the past. B．The technology can match visitor’s faces with those in the database. C．The technology can be over 99.77% accurate. D．The technology is being used to track where the 5000 visitors are going. 10．Which of the following word can replace the underlined word “stunning” in paragraph 2? A．humorous B．awkward C．attractive D．funny 11．Why has Wuzhen quit using ticket-entry system? A．Because the tickets were too expensive. B．Because some people shared their tickets to avoid paying. C．Because the tickets didn’t sell well. D．Because the system can be fooled by someone without a mask. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese tourist town Wuzhen is using facial recognition. B．Baidu, a web company, is using the recognition system. C．Facial recognition is widely used in China. D．Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with many visitors going there to see the system. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国旅游城市乌镇已经采取了人脸识别系统以代替过去的身份证识别。文章主要介绍了该系统的实施给乌镇带来的好处，和该系统的运行原理。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and check these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. (该系统使用摄像头注意到人们接近入口，并在几秒钟内将这些数据与注册访问者的数据库进行比对。)”可知，该系统使用摄像机在接近入口处获取访客的信息，并在几秒钟内对照注册访客数据库对其进行检查。也就是说，该技术能与数据库中的访客信息进行匹配。故选B。 10．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Wuzhen is a popular tourist town with visitors going there in large numbers to see its stunning river system and museums. (乌镇是一个受欢迎的旅游城市，游客大量前往参观其stunning的河流系统和博物馆。)”可知乌镇是一个人们喜爱的旅游城市，游客去哪里肯定是去欣赏乌镇的美丽的水和迷人的博物馆。所以划线词的意思是“迷人的”。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Wuzhen used to monitor its visitors using a ticket-entry system, but this could easily be abused. It was discovered that some people were sharing their tickets to avoid paying.”(乌镇曾经使用门票系统来监控游客，但这很容易被滥用。人们发现，有些人为了不付钱而共用门票。) 可知，乌镇之所以停止使用票务入场系统，是因为有些人共用一张票以避免付钱。故选B。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The famous tourist town of Wuzhen, China, is now using facial recognition technology to act as its entry pass through the gates of the attraction. The system uses cameras to notice people as they approach the entry, and checks these against a database of registered visitors within a few seconds. (中国著名的旅游城市乌镇，现在正在使用面部识别技术作为进入景点大门的通行证。该系统使用摄像头注意到人们接近入口，并在几秒钟内将这些数据与注册访问者的数据库进行比对。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是乌镇使用人脸识别系统代替身份证识别，以及与以前的识别方式进行对比，该系统的实施给乌镇带来的好处，和该系统的运行原理。A项“中国旅游城市乌镇正在使用人脸识别。”符合文章大意。故选A。 （四） （23-24高二下·辽宁省鞍山市·期中）Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats. As part of the world’s ecosystems, wildlife provides balance and stability to nature’s processes. Wildlife conservation is aimed to ensure the survival of these species and educate people on living sustainably with other species. The number of people has grown to more than eight billion today, and it continues to rapidly grow. The economic growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. This threat is at top of the list and means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. The introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world is another threat to wildlife. Other threats include climate change, pollution, fishing and hunting. International organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Wildlife Conservation Society and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife protection areas. They help write legislation(法规), such as the Endangered Species Act(ESA)of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to charge those with wildlife crimes. They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow the extinction of global species and protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world. 13．Which is a goal of wildlife conservation according to the text? A．To stop introducing invasive species. B．To encourage harmonious coexistence. C．To control the number of world people. D．To increase the use of natural resources. 14．What is the biggest threat to wildlife? A．Hunting. B．Human activity. C．Pollution. D．Climate change. 15．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The activities of protection areas. B．The importance of biodiversity promotion. C．The relevant efforts of international organizations. D．The great impact of wildlife crimes on ecosystems. 16．What does the author want to present in the last paragraph? A．The necessity of legislation. B．The wildlife conservation’s achievements. C．The individuals’ contributions to the environment. D．The statistics about the wildlife conservation efforts. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了野生动物保护的重要性和措施。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Wildlife conservation is aimed to ensure the survival of these species and educate people on living sustainably with other species.(野生动物保护旨在确保这些物种的生存，并教育人们与其他物种可持续地生活在一起。)”可知，野生动物保护旨在确保动植物的生存，让人类与其他物种和谐共处。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The number of people has grown to more than eight billion today, and it continues to rapidly grow. The economic growth endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. This threat is at top of the list and means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet.(如今，世界人口已超过80亿，而且还在继续快速增长。经济增长危及世界各地各种野生动物的栖息地和生存，特别是动物和植物，它们可能因土地开发而流离失所，或被用于食物或其他人类目的。这一威胁高居榜首，意味着地球上数十亿人正在以前所未有的速度消耗自然资源。)”可知，人类活动是野生动植物的最大威胁。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“International organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Wildlife Conservation Society and the United Nations work to support global animal and habitat conservation on many different fronts.(世界野生动物基金会、保护国际、野生动物保护协会和联合国等国际组织在许多不同的方面努力支持全球动物和栖息地保护。)”可知，第三段介绍了一些国际组织在保护野生动植物方面做出的努力。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow the extinction of global species and protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.(国家地理探险家，如保护生物学家Camille Coudrat和Titus Adhola，正在努力减缓全球物种的灭绝，保护全球生物多样性和栖息地。像Thomas P. Peschak这样的环保电影制作人和摄影师，对保护工作也至关重要，他们记录并关注世界各地的濒危野生动物。)”可知，作者在最后一段向我们呈现了一些个人对环境做出的贡献。故选C。 （五） （23-24高二下·辽宁省朝阳市建平县实验中学·期中）We might think of our eye color as one of our defining physical features, as personal to us as the shape of our nose. But, surprisingly, our eye color doesn’t always remain constant throughout our lives. Evidence suggests whether a baby’s eye color changes or not depends a lot on the color itself. One study led by American researcher Cassie Ludwig tracked 148 babies born at a hospital in California,recording their iris (虹膜) color at birth. Over half of the babies were born with brown eyes, and less than one-third with blue. Two years later, the researchers found of the 40 blue-eyed babies in the study, l1 had brown eyes by the age of two, three had hazel (浅赤褐色的), and two had green. Of the 77 brown-eyed newborns, almost all (73) still had brown eyes at the age of two. But why do blue eyes change more? The answer may be found in the fact that when the babies’ eyes did change color, they tended to become darker, not lighter. In Ludwig’s study, one-third of the babies’ eyes changed color in their first two years, with the most common change being eyes becoming darker. The trend towards darkening may be due to the build-up of a protective pigment (色素) in the irises — but more on this later. Such relatively common, healthy color change is mostly limited to early childhood. In another study in the US, which tracked more than 1,300 twins from babyhood to adulthood, eye color usually stopped changing by the age of six. Among non-identical twins, eye color was more likely to change than among identical twins. Sometimes color changes can be seen in hair in newborns throughout childhood. “Some babies are born with blonde hair, but they’ve got quite dark brown hair when they become older,” says Australian researcher David Mackey. “That’s probably because the pigment in your hair can increase gradually over time. “It may be a similar story for eye color,” he suggests, with greater quantities of pigment — the main pigment in the eyes is melanin (黑色素) — building up in the months or years after birth. 17．What was the finding of Ludwig and her colleagues? A．Babies’ iris colors are likely to remain unchanged. B．US babies are more likely to be born with blue eyes. C．Brown eyes are likely to become several other colors. D．Blue eyes are more likely to change color than brown eyes. 18．During the color change, what causes the babies’ eyes to become darker? A．The growth of a pigment in the iris. B．Unhealthy diet among two-year-olds. C．The interaction of different colors. D．The exposure of eyes to light. 19．Why does the author mention the study involving over 1,300 twins? A．To prove twins’ eyes are more likely to change color. B．To show how long eye color change will continue. C．To explain why eye color change is common among babies. D．To stress non-identical twins’ eyes often change color in later life. 20．How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A．By giving descriptions. B．By following time order. C．By making a comparison. D．By offering some examples. 【答案】17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“眼睛颜色是否会变化”这一主题进行了详细阐述，通过引用多项研究和实验数据，解释了眼睛颜色变化的原因、机制以及变化的时间段。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Over half of the babies were born with brown eyes, and less than one-third with blue. Two years later, the researchers found of the 40 blue-eyed babies in the study, l1 had brown eyes by the age of two, three had hazel (浅赤褐色的), and two had green. Of the 77 brown-eyed newborns, almost all (73) still had brown eyes at the age of two.(超过一半的婴儿出生时是棕色眼睛，不到三分之一的婴儿出生时是蓝色眼睛。两年后，研究人员发现，在参与研究的40名蓝眼睛婴儿中，1名两岁时眼睛是棕色的，3名是淡褐色的，2名是绿色的。在77名棕色眼睛的新生儿中，几乎所有(73名)在两岁时仍然是棕色眼睛)”可知，Ludwig和她的同事发现蓝色眼睛比棕色眼睛更容易改变颜色。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In Ludwig’s study, one-third of the babies’ eyes changed color in their first two years, with the most common change being eyes becoming darker. The trend towards darkening may be due to the build-up of a protective pigment (色素) in the irises - but more on this later.(在Ludwig的研究中，三分之一的婴儿的眼睛在头两年改变了颜色，最常见的变化是眼睛变暗。这种变黑的趋势可能是由于虹膜中保护性色素的积累——但稍后会详细说明)”可知，婴儿眼睛变暗是因为虹膜中保护性色素的积累。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Such relatively common, healthy color change is mostly limited to early childhood. In another study in the US, which tracked more than 1,300 twins from babyhood to adulthood, eye color usually stopped changing by the age of six. Among non-identical twins, eye color was more likely to change than among identical twins.(这种相对常见、健康的颜色变化大多局限于儿童早期。在美国的另一项研究中，对1300多对双胞胎进行了从婴儿到成年的跟踪调查，发现眼睛的颜色通常在6岁时停止变化。在异卵双胞胎中，眼睛颜色的变化比同卵双胞胎更容易)”可推测，作者提到涉及超过1300名双胞胎的研究是为了证明本段第一句话，也就是为了指出眼睛颜色变化大多局限于儿童早期。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sometimes color changes can be seen in hair in newborns throughout childhood. “Some babies are born with blonde hair, but they’ve got quite dark brown hair when they become older,” says Australian researcher David Mackey. “That’s probably because the pigment in your hair can increase gradually over time.” It may be a similar story for eye color, he suggests, with greater quantities of pigment - the main pigment in the eyes is melanin (黑色素) - building up in the months or years after birth.(有时，新生儿的头发在整个童年时期都会发生颜色变化。澳大利亚研究人员David Mackey说：“有些婴儿出生时是金发，但长大后他们的头发就变成了深棕色。这可能是因为头发中的色素会随着时间的推移而逐渐增加。”他认为，眼睛的颜色可能也是类似的情况，眼睛的主要色素是黑色素，在出生后的几个月或几年里，色素的数量会增加)”可推测，最后一段中，作者将新生儿的头发的颜色变化和眼睛颜色的变化进行比较，认为两者是类似的情况。故选C。 （六） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联合体·期中）It is often said that laughter is the best medicine. But some researchers at the University of Oxford think the ability to belly laughs (捧腹大笑) was unique to early humans. This, they believe, made our ancestors able to form much larger groups. The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. One group was shown 15 minutes of comedy videos, while the other was shown boring programs. Through this experiment, the researchers found that those who had recently experienced belly laughs were able to withstand (忍受) up to 10% more pain than they had done before watching the videos. To their surprise, the scientists also found that the other group was less able to withstand pain after watching 15 minutes of the “boring” programs. Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful. However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. For example, though clever stand-up comedy was found to be enjoyable, it had no effect on raising pain thresholds. “Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful,” he added. In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced. The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago. “The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. If that is the case, then it may explain why two million years ago, the first humans were able to form large communities of up to 100,” Dunbar added. 21．Prof Dunbar’s study was to ________. A．test the pain thresholds of humans B．measure the endorphin levels while laughing C．develop a new kind of medicine that reduces pain D．explore the influence of laughter on forming human societies 22．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to “________”. A．the researcher B．endorphin level C．the ice D．belly laugh 23．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．More experiments about laughter will be carried out. B．People who laugh a lot are friendlier towards each other. C．Laughter makes people keep together and work as a group. D．The first humans could only form small communities smaller than 100. 24．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Endorphins can make us feel less painful. B．All comedy programs can help us reduce pain. C．Mr. Bean and Friends are both very successful to raise pain thresholds. D．The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是牛津大学的研究人员进行的一项关于捧腹大笑的研究，目的是为了探索捧腹大笑在人类社会形成中的影响。 21．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The purpose of Prof Dunbar’s study was not to develop a new treatment. Instead, it was to study the role of laughter in the forming of human societies two million years ago. (Dunbar教授研究的目的不是开发一种新的治疗方法。相反，它是为了研究200万年前笑声在人类社会形成中的作用。)”可知，Dunbar教授研究的目的是研究捧腹大笑在人类历史社会形成中的作用。故选D。 22．词义猜测题。根据第六段上下文“In order to measure endorphin levels, the researchers put a bag of ice on the volunteers’ arms to see how long they could withstand it. They found that the greater the increase in pain thresholds, the greater the amount of endorphins produced. (为了测量内啡肽水平，研究人员在志愿者的手臂上放了一袋冰，看他们能忍受多久。他们发现，疼痛阈值增加得越多，内啡肽的分泌量就越多)”可知，此处是将冰袋放在志愿者的手臂上，以测试其内啡肽水平。此处的it指代的是 ice。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next stage will be to see whether laughing really allows people to keep together and work as a group better and be friendlier towards each other. (下一阶段，我们将看看笑是否真的能让人们团结在一起，更好地作为一个团队工作，彼此之间也更友好。)”可知，接下来将会研究笑声是不是能让人们团结在一起，更好地作为一个团队工作，以及彼此之间会不会更友好，由此可知，接下来对笑声进行的研究会有很多。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段“Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University, who led the research, believed that belly laughs release chemicals called endorphins (内啡肽) into the body which make us feel less painful. (领导这项研究的牛津大学Robin Dunbar教授认为，捧腹大笑会释放一种名为内啡肽的化学物质，使我们感觉不那么痛苦。)”可知，内啡肽可以减轻我们的痛苦；根据第五段中的“Things that worked very well were interesting comedies such as Mr. Bean. Situation comedies such as Friends also seemed to be particularly successful (像《憨豆先生》这样有趣的喜剧效果很好。像《老友记》这样的情景喜剧似乎也特别成功)”可知，《憨豆先生》和《老友记》在提高疼痛临界值上都是很成功的；根据第二段中的“The researchers first tested the pain thresholds (临界值) of some volunteers. They divided them into two groups. (研究人员首先测试了一些志愿者的疼痛阈值。)”可知，研究人员把志愿者分为两组；根据第五段中的“However, not all comedy programs had such effects, according to Prof Dunbar. (然而，Dunbar教授表示，并非所有喜剧节目都有这样的效果。)”可知，并不是所有的喜剧节目都能帮助减少我们的痛苦，B项错误。故选B。 （七） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 25．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell. C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers. 26．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A．The teeth that baleen whales have. B．The smell that phytoplankton send. C．The sound waves that zooplankton create. D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 27．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples. C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences. 28．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food. C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate. 【答案】25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.(很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用)”可知，根据前两段，鲸鱼的鼻孔是调整过的，故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据第三段“When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.(当它们受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，反过来吸引须鲸)”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据第四段“Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.(例如，有两只眼睛的动物可以通过比较来自每只眼睛的图像来感知深度。它们有两只耳朵，可以确定声音传来的方向)”可知，第四段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.(除了让它们呼吸外，一些鲸鱼似乎还用它们的气孔来确定晚餐在哪个方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。 （八） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）About ten years ago, logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms (算法) to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics. Kyle Chayka, a writer for The New Yorker, discusses this topic in his book, Filterworld. He explains that algorithms analyze user data to predict and influence what they will likely engage with. This means that instead of a simple, chronological feed, users encounter a dynamic stream, constantly adapting to their preferences. Chayka examines how these algorithmic recommendations control what we consume, from music and movies to food and travel destinations. He argues that this machine-driven selection process has turned us into passive consumers, making our preferences and tastes more similar. Chayka points out that algorithms make us passive by always showing us content that we’re unlikely to click away from but won’t find too unexpected or challenging. This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors. Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms. For instance, musicians on Spotify or TikTok might focus on creating catchy hooks at the beginning of their songs to grab the listener’s attention. Despite the strong presence of these algorithms, Chayka believes that regulation could reduce their influence. He suggests that if Meta, the parent company of Facebook, were required to separate its various services, like Instagram or WhatsApp, and make them compete with each other, it could give users more control and choice over their digital consumption. In summary, the change from simple, time-ordered social. media posts to algorithm-driven content has a big impact on both the viewers and the creators, influencing what we see, hear, and even think. Chayka’s insights highlight the need for greater awareness and potentially more regulation in our increasingly digital world. 29．According to the text, how have social media platforms changed in the past ten years? A．They show posts in a time-based order. B．They prioritize posts from friends and family. C．They make adjustments to satisfy users’ needs. D．They provide more content to meet different needs. 30．What does Kyle Chayka think of algorithmic recommendations? A．They make users more active consumers. B．They shape users’ preferences and behaviors. C．They reduce the influence of content creators. D．They expose users to diverse and challenging content. 31．How do algorithms influence musicians’ work on digital platforms? A．By encouraging musicians to create longer songs. B．By discouraging musicians from using catchy hooks. C．By giving musicians more control and choice over their music. D．By requiring musicians to create their work to fit the platforms. 32．What can be concluded from the text? A．Tech companies should have more departments. B．Social media algorithms give content creators less opportunities. C．Social media algorithms flatten our culture by making decisions for us. D．Network platforms have increased the common recommendations for 10 years. 【答案】29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今社交媒体运用算法会根据用户的喜好进行相应的推送。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“About ten years ago, logging into Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram would mostly show posts from friends and family in the order they were posted. Today, these platforms present a mix of content, tailored by algorithms to match users’ interests, whether it’s plants, sports, cats, or politics.”（大约十年前，登录Facebook、Twitter或Instagram，看到的大多是朋友和家人发布的帖子，顺序是先后的。如今，这些平台呈现的内容是多种多样的，通过算法进行定制，以匹配用户的兴趣，无论是植物、体育、猫还是政治）可知，社交媒体平台在过去的十年里会根据用户的需求进行调整。故选C项。 30．细节理解题。根据第三段“This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors.”（这种源源不断的推荐减少了我们接触多样化或具有挑战性的内容，微妙地塑造了我们的偏好和行为）可知，Kyle Chayka认为算法推荐塑造了用户的偏好和行为。故选B项。 31．细节理解题。根据第四段“Moreover, Chayka points out that algorithms also pressure content creators, like musicians and artists, to tailor their work to fit these digital platforms.”（此外，Chayka还指出，算法还会迫使音乐家和艺术家等内容创作者调整自己的作品，以适应这些数字平台）可知，算法要求音乐家创作适合平台的作品。故选D项。 32．推理判断题。通读全文且根据第三段“This constant stream of recommendations reduces our exposure to diverse or challenging content, subtly shaping our preferences and behaviors.”（这种源源不断的推荐减少了我们接触多样化或具有挑战性的内容，微妙地塑造了我们的偏好和行为）可知，文章主要介绍了社交媒体运用算法会根据用户的喜好进行相应的推送，但推送的内容因为缺乏挑战和多样性，进而使我们的文化更加扁平化。故选C项。 （九） （23-24高二下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers. According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student's growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom. These teachers may convey how, in their classes, mistakes are learning opportunities, not signs of low ability, and back up this view with assignments and evaluations that reward continual improvement. This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset. The study analyzed data from the National Study of Learning Mindset, which was an intervention experiment conducted with a sample of ninth-grade students’ math grades. The present focus on math grades is motivated by the fact that students tend to find math challenging and anxiety inducing, and therefore, a growth mindset might help students face those challenges productively. In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset. They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades. Successfully teaching a growth mindset to students lifted math grades overall, but this was not enough for all students to reap the benefits of a growth-mindset intervention. Supportive classroom contexts also mattered.Students who were in classrooms with teachers who approved of more of a fixed mindset did not show gains in their math grades over ninth grade, whereas the same kind of students in classrooms with more growth-mind set teachers showed meaningful gains. In general, they view the testing and understanding of the causal effect of teacher mindset as the next step for mindset science. Such research will be challenging to carry out, however. 33．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．How a student's growth-mindset is inspired. B．Why a teacher's growth mindset is important. C．How mistakes turn into learning opportunities. D．Why a student continues acting on growth mindset. 34．What can we learn from the study on ninth-grade students? A．Students were unable to overcome maths challenge. B．The positive effect was concentrated on all students. C．The sample size of the experiment was insufficient. D．Students at baseline were influenced considerably. 35．In the growth-mindset intervention, the teachers' mindset_______. A．has an influence on the effectiveness B．is determined by supportive classroom C．always brings meaningful gains to students D．plays a decisive role in students' significant gains 36．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Academic Performance: The Influence of Students’ Mindset B．Students’ Learning Motivation: The Impact of Teachers’ Mindset C．Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers D．Fixed and Growth Mindset: Their Relationship and Impact 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明，教师成长心态对学生的成长心态以及学习效果有积极的影响。建议教师鼓励学生的成长心态。 33．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a study, a teacher’s growth mindset acts as a “support” that can draw out a student’s growth mindset at the very beginning and make it maintainable and actionable in the classroom….This could encourage a student to continue acting on their growth mindset.(根据一项研究，教师的成长心态可以作为一种“支持”，在一开始就可以引出学生的成长心态，并使其在课堂上可维护和可操作。……这可以鼓励学生继续按照他们的成长心态行事)”可知，该段主要通过研究讲述为什么教师的成长心态很重要。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“They also found that baseline students — serve as a benchmark (基准点) for comparing and evaluating the progress of other students — who reported more fixed mindset in classrooms showed a significantly positive effect on math grades.(他们还发现，作为比较和评估其他学生进步的基准的基线学生，在课堂上表现出更固定的心态，对数学成绩有显著的积极影响)”可知那些参与研究的九年级学生中，基线学生受到很大影响。故选D项。 35．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the study, researchers show that the positive effect of a short growth-mindset intervention on ninth-grade students’ math grades was concentrated among students whose teachers themselves had growth mindset.(在这项研究中，研究人员表明，短期成长心态干预对九年级学生数学成绩的积极影响集中在教师自己也有成长心态的学生身上)”可知，在成长心态干预中，教师的心态对干预的效果有影响。故选A项。 36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The growth mindset is the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed and are not fixed, which have received a great deal of attention in schools and among researchers.(成长心态是一种信念，即智力是可以发展的，而不是固定的，这在学校和研究人员中受到了极大的关注)”及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述研究表明，教师成长心态对学生的成长心态以及学习效果有积极的影响。建议教师鼓励学生的成长心态。C项“Encouraging a Growth Mindset: The Role of Teachers(鼓励成长心态：教师的作用)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 （十） （23-24高二下·辽宁省实验中学·期中）If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s door to the stomach. In a study published recently in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of ancient human beings to find out what they were really eating. They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits(坑). The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees and bushes leave another kind because they photosynthesize(进行光合作用)differently. Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proved wrong. The best example was the Paranthropus(傍人属类人猿), one of our close cousins, some of whom lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe that they ate nuts, fruits and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting that they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds. However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthropus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggested they probably ate grass, not nuts and seeds. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find. Carbon “footprints” give us a completely new and different understanding of what different species ate and the different environments they lived in, which also provide a groundbreaking perspective on the diets and habitats of various species. This method has reshaped our understanding of ancient human diets, challenging previous assumptions based on tooth and skull morphology. 37．Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence? A．Anthropologists can know the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth. B．Anthropologists can find out the diet of early humans by studying their teeth. C．Anthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth. D．Anthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth. 38．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves. B．Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds. C．Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth. D．Early humans with hard and sharp teeth at e meat and leaves. 39．Why is the example of the Paranthropus mentioned? A．To show they had different eating habits from other humans. B．To prove living environment makes a difference to skull structure. C．To demonstrate they were one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa. D．To reveal the size and shape of teeth don’t show accurately what early humans ate. 40．Which structural element does the author mainly use to develop the passage? A．Cause and effect. B．Problem and solution. C．Comparison and contrast. D．Listing and classification. 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类学家可以通过研究早期人类的牙齿来发现他们的饮食，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及对此进行了举例说明。 37．词句猜测题。根据第二段“In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.(在上个月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，阿肯色大学的Peter Ungar和他的搭档，美国科罗拉多大学的Matt Sponheimer检查了我们早期人类祖先的牙齿，以找出他们真正吃的是什么)”可知，如果说眼睛是浪漫主义者通向灵魂的窗户，那么人类学家也可以通过牙齿来了解早期人类的饮食。故划线部分意思是“人类学家可以通过研究早期人类的牙齿来发现他们的饮食”。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段“They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different.(他们已经知道，不同的食物会在牙齿上留下不同的印记。有些会造成划痕，有些会造成凹坑。不同食物留在牙齿上的碳也是不同的)”可知，选项“不同的食物在牙齿上留下不同的痕迹和碳”正确。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls (头骨) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong.(传统上，科学家们通过观察牙齿和头骨的大小和形状来弄清楚早期人类吃什么。大而扁平的牙齿被认为是它们吃坚果和种子的标志，而坚硬而锋利的牙齿似乎适合切肉和树叶。但事实证明这是错误的)”以及第五段“The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa.(最好的例子是傍人猿，我们的近亲之一，其中一些生活在非洲东部)”可推知，提到的傍人猿的例子是为了告诉我们牙齿的大小和形状并不能准确地显示早期人类吃什么。故选D。 40．推理判断题。根据第三段“They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits(坑). The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different.”（他们已经知道，不同的食物会在牙齿上留下不同的印记。有些会造成划痕，有些会造成坑。不同食物留在牙齿上的碳也是不同的）根据第六段“However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthropus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggested they probably ate grass, not nuts and seeds. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.”（ 然而，当两位科学家研究傍人猿时，发现它没有这些特征。这些牙齿含有不同种类的碳，上面布满了划痕，而不是凹坑。这表明它们可能吃草，而不是坚果和种子。这与人们预期的结果完全相反。）可知，短文是通过比较和对比来行文的。故选C。 （十一） （23-24高二下·辽宁省部分学校·期中）Food polluted with fungi (真菌) can be an inconvenience at best and life-threatening at worst. But new research shows that removing just one protein can leave some fungal toxins (毒素) high and dry, and that’s potentially good news for food safety. Some fungi produce toxic chemicals called mycotoxins that not only ruin food such as grains but can also make us sick. “It is a silent enemy,” said fungal researcher Ozgur Bayram of Maynooth University in Ireland, as most people don’t notice when foods like corn or wheat are ruined. For years, researchers have known that some fungi produce these toxins, but didn’t know all the detail. Now, Bayram and his colleagues have identified a group of proteins responsible for turning on the production of mycotoxins. Genetically engineering the fungus to remove even just one of the proteins prevents the toxins from being made, the researchers reported in the September 23 issue of Nucleic Acids Research. “The newly identified proteins act like a keystarting a car,” Bayram said. “The researchers wanted to figure out how to remove the key and prevent the starting signal from going through, meaning that no toxins would be made in the first place.” Bayram and his team identified the proteins in a kind of fungus named A．nidulans, revealing that four proteins come together to make the key. The researchers genetically engineered the fungus to delete each protein in turn. When any of the four proteins are missing, the key does not start mycotoxin ignition(点火装置), the team found. Fungi and fungi-like organisms are estimated to ruin a third of the world’s food crops each year. If that contamination could be prevented, Bayram estimates the saved food would be enough to feed 800 million people in 2024. The new research is a good start, but it will still be a challenge to try to understand how this can be operationalized for agricultural purposes. “It’s difficult to apply the technique, and getting US regulatory agencies to approve the use of a genetically modified fungus on key food crops might be difficult,” said Felicia Wu a food safety expert. 41．Why is the mycotoxin called “a silent enemy”? A．It is hard to be proved. B．It tends to be unnoticed. C．Its protein is harmful. D．Its damage is incurable. 42．What does the underlined word “contamination” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Pollution B．Increase C．Spread D．Control 43．What is one difficulty according to Felicia Wu? A．Changing the genes of fungus. B．Putting the technique to practical use. C．Enlarging the size of farmland. D．Using genetically modified food. 44．What is the main idea of the text? A．Many crops are ruined by fungi each year. B．Fungi bring great harm to people’s health. C．Deleting a protein can stop toxin production. D．Researchers found new proteins producing toxins. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，通过对某种真菌进行基因改造，将其中的某种蛋白质删除，可阻止霉菌毒素的产生，使一些食物不被真菌污染。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段““It is a silent enemy,” said fungal researcher Ozgur Bayram of Maynooth University in Ireland, as most people don’t notice when foods like corn or wheat are ruined.(“这是一个安静的敌人，”爱尔兰梅努斯大学的真菌研究员Ozgur Bayram说，因为大多数人不会注意到玉米或小麦等食物坏了)”可知， 霉菌毒素之所以被叫作“安静的敌人”， 是因为大多数人不会注意到玉米或小麦等食物何时变质。故选B。 42．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“saved food would be enough to feed 800 million people in 2024.”以及第一段“Food polluted with fungi can bean inconvenience at best and life-threatening at worst.(被真菌污染的食物在最好的情况下会给人们带来不便，在最坏的情况下会危及生命)”可知，此处指真菌污染如果能被阻止，那保存下来的食物足以在2022年养活8亿人。故选A。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The new research is a good start, but it will still be a challenge to try to understand how this can be operationalized for agricultural purposes. “It’s difficult to apply the technique, and getting US regulatory agencies to approve the use of a genetically modified fungus on key food crops might be difficult,” said Felicia Wu a food safety expert.(这项新研究是一个良好的开端，但试图理解如何将其用于农业目的仍将是一个挑战。食品安全专家Felicia Wu表示：“这项技术很难应用，而且让美国监管机构批准在主要粮食作物上使用转基因真菌可能也很困难。”)”可知，如何将这项研究应用于实践是研究人员所面临的一个难题。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Food polluted with fungi (真菌) can be an inconvenience at best and life-threatening at worst. But new research shows that removing just one protein can leave some fungal toxins (毒素) high and dry, and that’s potentially good news for food safety.(被真菌污染的食物往好了说会带来不便，往坏了说会危及生命。但新的研究表明，去除一种蛋白质可以使一些真菌毒素处于干燥状态，这对食品安全来说可能是个好消息)”结合本文介绍了一项研究发现，通过对某种真菌进行基因改造，将其中的某种蛋白质删除，可阻止霉菌毒素的产生。故C项“删除一种蛋白质可以阻止毒素的产生”最能概括本文的主旨大意。故选C。 （十二） （23-24高二下·辽宁省部分学校·期中）Sharon downsized her parents’ home and then cleared out her father’s stuff after he died. “So much of it hadn’t been used in years. So I decided that we wouldn’t do the same thing to our children.” Sharon spent six months looking over each object in her home. Each day, she sold, donated or threw one away. “It was liberating,” she said. “Now, life is much simpler and the clutter (杂乱) is gone.” This process has its own reality TV show, The Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning. Inspired by a best-selling book by Magnusson, 89, three Swedes travel across the Atlantic to help Americans clean house and face death. “A loved one wishes to inherit (继承) nice things from you,” mentions Magnusson in her book, “not all things from you.” If you’re lucky enough to meet your material needs, then letting go of some of your stuff, or not buying it in the first place, can bring immediate benefits. The clutter is linked to stress and anxiety, even depression. Prioritizing relationships and experience over possessions has been proven to boost our happiness. What is Swedish death cleaning? It isn’t about clearing out closets. It’s about rethinking your relationship with things. Rather than making do with less, it’s about getting more from the things that make you happy. Death cleaning happens to agree with scientists’ understanding of our relationship with things and why we’re unwilling to part with them. Decades of research has shown that we subconsciously see our possessions as physical extensions of ourselves. For most of us, of course, a degree of attachment is healthy, but it’s not the number of things or the quality that matters. It’s about the symbolic meaning of it. That can bring a lot of happiness. Things take up space in our minds, well beyond what our storerooms and garages hold. By clarifying what’s important and what’s not, you make room. Your loved ones can receive what they might like before you go, relieving themselves of the burden of cleaning up once you’re gone. 45．Why does the author mention Sharon’s experience in paragraph 1? A．To lead to the topic. B．To make a comparison. C．To support an argument. D．To reach a conclusion. 46．What is the purpose of Swedish death cleaning? A．To reduce the waste. B．To remember their loved ones. C．To boost their happiness. D．To make the reality TV show. 47．What should one focus on when cleaning up the old things? A．The quantity. B．The popularity. C．The significance. D．The degree of attachments. 48．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Old Stuff: a Heavy Burden or a Sweet Memory. B．Everyone’s Stuff: Physical Extensions of Himself. C．The Way to Deal with Your Belongings: Give Away. D．Swedes’ Secret to Happiness: You Aren’t Your Stuff. 【答案】45．A 46．C 47．C 48．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典死亡清理这一理念，强调通过重新思考人与物品的关系来提高生活质量和幸福感。 45．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sharon downsized her parents’ home and then cleared out her father’s stuff after he died. “So much of it hadn’t been used in years. So I decided that we wouldn’t do the same thing to our children.” Sharon spent six months looking over each object in her home. Each day, she sold, donated or threw one away. “It was liberating,” she said. “Now, life is much simpler and the clutter (杂乱) is gone.” (莎伦缩小了她父母的房子，然后在她父亲去世后清理了他的东西。“其中有很多很多年都没用过了。所以我决定我们不会对我们的孩子做同样的事情。”莎伦花了六个月的时间仔细检查家里的每件物品。每天，她都会卖掉、捐赠或扔掉一个。“这是一种解脱，”她说。“现在，生活简单多了，杂物也没有了。”)”和文章第二段“This process has its own reality TV show, The Gentle Art of Swedish Death Cleaning. (这个过程有自己的真人秀节目，瑞典死亡清理的温柔艺术。)”以及文章第三段“What is Swedish death cleaning? (什么是瑞典式死亡清理？)”可知，作者在第一段介绍Sharon的经历的目的是引出本文的主题。故选A。 46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Prioritizing relationships and experience over possessions has been proven to boost our happiness. (事实证明，将人际关系和体验置于财产之上能提高我们的幸福感。)”和文章第三段“That can bring a lot of happiness. (这会带来很多快乐。)”可推知，瑞典人进行死亡清理的目的是提升人们的幸福感。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It’s about the symbolic meaning of it. That can bring a lot of happiness. (这是关于它的象征意义。这会带来很多快乐。)”可知，在清理物品时，人们应该关注物品的象征意义。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕瑞典死亡清理的概念展开，强调通过重新思考人与物品的关系，将重点放在人际关系和经历上，从而提高幸福感。D项：Swedes’ Secret to Happiness: You Aren’t Your Stuff.（瑞典人幸福的秘诀：你不是你的东西。）为合适的标题。故选D。 （十三） （23-24高二下·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟·期中）Teachers worried about students turning in essays written by a popular artificial intelligence chatbot now have a new tool of their own. Edward Tian, a computer science major at Princeton University, has built an App called GPTZero to detect whether a text is written by Chat GPT, which is a popular chatbot that has caused fears over its possibility for immoral uses in American academic circles. His motivation to create the computer program was to fight what he sees as an increase in AI plagiarism (剽窃). Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022, there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own. Many teachers have reached out to him after he released GPTZero, telling him about the positive results they’ve seen from testing it. To determine whether an essay is written by a computer program, GPTZero uses two indicators: “confusion” and “burstiness (突发性)”. The first indicator measures the complexity of text; if GPTZero is confused by the text, then it has a high complexity and it’s more likely to be human-written. However, if the text is more familiar to GPTZero — because it’s been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated. Besides, the second indicator compares the variations of sentences. Humans tend to write with greater burstiness, for example, with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones. AI sentences tend to be more uniform. In a demonstration video, Tian compared the App’s analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a Linked In post written by ChatGPT. It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI. However, GPTZero isn’t foolproof, as some users have reported when putting it to the test. He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy. Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT. GPTZero is “not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used,” he said. “But with any new technologies, we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.” 49．What have some students done since ChatGPT was released? A．They have built language models from ChatGPT. B．They have copied AI-written text from ChatGPT C．They have accessed their assignments through ChatGPT. D．They have passed their writing exams through ChatGPT. 50．What can be inferred about the two indicators of GPTZero? A．The more uniform the text is, the more likely it is to be AI-generated. B．The less complex the text is, the more likely it is to be human-written. C．GPTZero sometimes confuses human-written texts with AI-generated texts. D．GPTZero is more familiar with human-written texts than with AI-generated texts. 51．What does the underlined word “foolproof” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．User-friendly. B．Time-efficient. C．Perfectly legal. D．Completely reliable. 52．What maybe Tian’s attitude to the use of AI tools? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Ambiguous. 【答案】49．B 50．A 51．D 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学计算机科学专业的Edward Tian开发了一款名为GPTZero的应用程序，用于检测文本是否由ChatGPT编写。 49．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022, there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own. (自2022年ChatGPT发布以来，有报道称学生使用该语言模型将人工智能编写的作业冒充自己的作业)”可知，自从ChatGPT发布以来，一些学生的作业抄袭了语言模型ChatGPT人工智能编写的文本。故选B。 50．推理判断题。根据第三段“To determine whether an essay is written by a computer program, GPTZero uses two indicators: “confusion” and “burstiness (突发性)”. The first indicator measures the complexity of text; if GPTZero is confused by the text, then it has a high complexity and it’s more likely to be human-written. However, if the text is more familiar to GPTZero — because it’s been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated. Besides, the second indicator compares the variations of sentences. Humans tend to write with greater burstiness, for example, with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones. AI sentences tend to be more uniform.(为了确定一篇文章是否由计算机程序编写，GPTZero使用了两个指标：“困惑度”和“突发性”。第一个指标衡量文本的复杂性；如果GPTZero对文本感到困惑，那么它具有很高的复杂性，并且更有可能是人类编写的。然而，如果文本对GPTZero来说更熟悉——因为它是在这样的数据上训练的——那么它的复杂性就会降低，因此更有可能是人工智能生成的。此外，第二个指标比较句子的变化。例如，人类倾向于用更突然的方式写作，一些较长的或复杂的句子与较短的句子并列。人工智能的句子往往更加统一)”可知，GPTZero使用了“困惑度”和“突发性”来确定一篇文章是否由计算机程序编写，困惑度越低就更有可能是人工智能生成的；人类更倾向于用更突然的方式写作。由此推知，文本越统一，就越有可能是人工智能生成的。故选A。 51．词句猜测题。根据划线词上句“In a demonstration video, Tian compared the App’s analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a Linked In post written by ChatGPT. It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI. (在一段演示视频中，田将该应用对《纽约客》一篇报道的分析与ChatGPT撰写的一篇Linked In文章进行了比较。它成功地区分了人类和人工智能的写作)”可知，在演示视频中GPTZero成功区分出了人类和人工智能的写作；结合划线词所在句首的转折词“However”以及下文“He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy.(他说他仍在努力提高模型的准确性)”可知，GPTZero模型的准确性仍在努力提高，即GPTZero辨别文本是否为人工智能所写并不是完全可靠的、万无一失的；由此可知，“However, GPTZero isn’t foolproof, as some users have reported when putting it to the test. (然而，GPTZero并不是foolproof，正如一些用户在测试时所报告的那样)”中的foolproof意思为“完全可靠的”，与Completely reliable意思一致。故选D。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT. GPTZero is “not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used,” he said. “But with any new technologies, we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.”(Tian并不反对使用ChatGPT等人工智能工具。GPTZero‘并不是要成为阻止这些技术被使用的工具，’他说。‘但对于任何新技术，我们都需要能够负责任地采用它，我们需要有保护措施。’)”可知，Tian并不反对使用ChatGPT等人工智能工具，他认为应该负责任地采用人工智能工具。由此推知，Tian对人工智能使用的态度很客观的。故选C。 （十四） （23-24高二下·辽宁省东北育才学校科学高中部·期中）For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 53．What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A．Its protecting system. B．Its exposure to diseases. C．Its controlling function. D．Its connection to the body. 54．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A．By explaining a theory. B．By providing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. 55．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A．Cheaper. B．More specific. C．Safer. D．More direct. 56．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A．Brain health depends on immune changes. B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C．The brain can help enhance psychological health. D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. 【答案】53．D 54．B 55．C 56．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. (然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。 54．推理判断题。根据第二段“The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. (与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. (通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗风险更小。故选C。 56．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. (研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。 （十五） （23-24高二下·辽宁省东北育才学校科学高中部·期中）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them. Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋予人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language. Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage. After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit. Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships. 57．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1? A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject. C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept. 58．How do human interact with the machines effectively? A．By improving the machines’ imagination. B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills. C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition. D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior. 59．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．The advancements in AI technology in lab. B．The marketing strategies of AI applications. C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI. D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions. 60．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024? A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C．It will become a threat to human social skills. D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology. 【答案】57．B 58．B 59．C 60．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话AI的进步，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。 57．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.(人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.(对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。) ”可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。 59．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.(毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊“朋友”偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。 60．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。 （十六） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）Would you take a trip if you couldn’t use your cellphone? A new tour company called Off the Grid is asking travellers to put their cellphones away and not even use them for photos. The company founder, Zach Beattie, is developing his business, using money he saved from a tech job at a mapping company. He’s hired guides for every trip but will help lead the first few himself. The first trip is to Lisbon, Portugal, in July. It takes 7 to 10 days, with small groups of up to 16 people. Prices range from $1,500 to $1,650, including accommodations, meals and ground transportation. The plan includes at least three excursions (远足) and two social events, with an emphasis on unique experiences over bucket-list sightseeing. The tour also includes surfing lessons, yoga on the beach, a day of sailing and dinner with a local family. “When you’re somewhere new, there’s a lot to see and a lot of cool and interesting people to meet,” Beattie said. “Your phone can distract (使分心) you.” The phone ban won’t be enforced quite as strictly as it seems at first glance. “We want it to be voluntary,” he said. “We’re not collecting phones and throwing them in a locked trunk. It’s held by you, but put in your pocket, and you state your intentions for the week, whether that’s checking your social media once or twice a day or a total blackout.” Tour-goers also get a “dumbphone” without Internet access that’s loaded with numbers for group leaders and other participants, both for emergencies and to promote socializing. Participants may bring regular cameras, but Beattie is hiring a photographer for each tour so there will be plenty of photos to remember the trip. Once the trip is over, participants will have access to those photos for use in social media posts. 61．What can be learned about Zach Beattie? A．He set up his business at his own expense. B．He is always guiding every trip personally. C．He forbids tourists to take along cellphones. D．He used to earn his living in a tour company. 62．What do we know about the Lisbon trip? A．The trip features sightseeing. B．Participants live in homestays. C．Air ticket is covered in the cost. D．Tourists experience water sports. 63．What does Zach Beattie expect the participants to do? A．Lock their phones in a trunk. B．Post their photos on social media. C．Free themselves from their phones. D．Shift their focus onto dumbphones. 64．What can tour-goers do with the dumbphone? A．Take photos. B．Access the Internet. C．Record the trip. D．Contact group members. 【答案】61．A 62．D 63．C 64．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一家别具一格的旅游公司，组织无手机旅游，禁止游客在旅游期间使用智能手机，因为手机会分散游客注意力，使他们不能集中注意力欣赏风景。旅游公司会派专人拍照，行程后分享给大家。 61．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A new tour company called Off the Grid is asking travellers to put their cellphones away and not even use them for photos. The company founder, Zach Beattie, is developing his business, using money he saved from a tech job at a mapping company. (一家名为Off the Grid的新旅游公司要求游客把手机收起来，甚至不要用手机拍照。该公司的创始人扎克·比蒂（Zach Beattie）正在用他在一家地图公司从事技术工作攒下的钱发展自己的业务。)”可知，Zach Beattie用之前工作省下来的钱自己出钱创办自己的旅游公司，名为Off the Grid。故选A。 62．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The tour also includes surfing lessons, yoga on the beach, a day of sailing and dinner with a local family.(行程还包括冲浪课程、海滩瑜伽、一天的帆船航行以及与当地家庭共进晚餐。)”可知，在 Lisbon之旅中，参与者有机会体验水上运动，如冲浪，帆船运动等。故选D。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段中““When you’re somewhere new, there’s a lot to see and a lot of cool and interesting people to meet,” Beattie said. “Your phone can distract (使分心) you.” (‘当你到了一个新的地方，你会看到很多东西，会遇到很多很酷很有趣的人。’贝蒂说：‘你的手机会让你分心。’)”以及““We want it to be voluntary,” he said. “We’re not collecting phones and throwing them in a locked trunk. It’s held by you, but put in your pocket, and you state your intentions for the week, whether that’s checking your social media once or twice a day or a total blackout.”(‘我们希望这是自愿的，’他说：‘我们不会收集手机，然后把它们扔进锁着的后备箱。你拿着它，但把它放在口袋里，你陈述你一周的意图，无论是每天查看一两次社交媒体还是完全不上网。’)”可知，贝蒂希望参与者能够远离手机，把自己从手机中解放出来，因为手机会让人分心、会错过旅途中遇到的人和风景，但是不会收手机并把手机锁在后备箱里。故选C。 64．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Tour-goers also get a “dumbphone” without Internet access that’s loaded with numbers for group leaders and other participants, both for emergencies and to promote socializing. (游客们还会得到一个不能上网的“笨手机（非智能手机）”，里面有小组领导和其他参与者的电话号码，既可以用于紧急情况，也可以促进社交。)”可知，游客们还会得到一个不能上网的“笨手机（非智能手机）”，里面有小组领导和其他参与者的电话号码，游客可以用“笨手机（非智能手机）”来联络其他组员。故选D。 （十七） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground. More than 500,000 solar pumps (泵) have been set up in south Asia over the last few years and a major expansion is planned across sub-Saharan Africa. Dustin Garrick, professor in the School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, along with an international team, examined the trend toward solar pumps as a clear opportunity for boosting agricultural yields and reducing poverty, but the opportunity comes with risks. While replacing electric or gas pumps with solar-powered irrigation holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions (排放), it is not guaranteed. Farmers who have access to these pumps may expand production of crops or diversify into other activities, which are not emissions neutral. Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed. The cheap clean energy of solar pumps may lead to increased groundwater development, without necessarily decreasing overall emissions. Despite these challenges, the clean-energy boost can serve as a stimulus for positive change in water and energy management but will require enhanced regulation and planning in both low-and high-income settings. Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry. The rapid adoption of solar irrigation intensifies the urgency, demanding adaptation from governments and institutions to sail through these complexities. 65．According to paragraph 3, there is a conflict between ________. A．poor farmers and solar-powered irrigation B．human consumption and clean energy limits C．crop diversity and crop production expansion D．pumping efficiency and groundwater exhaustion 66．What did Garrick and his team suggest for a positive change? A．Integrating data collection and regulation. B．Improving carbon emission monitoring. C．Separating data for land use changes. D．Establishing groundwater levels. 67．What does the author propose the readers do? A．Perform as the authorities suggest. B．Act based on further understanding. C．Quicken the adoption of solar irrigation. D．Challenge the groundwater management. 68．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Complexities of Adopting Solar Pumps B．Solar-Powered Irrigation: Farmers’ New Future C．The Promise and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation D．Balancing Clean Energy Boost and Poverty Reduction 【答案】65．D 66．A 67．B 68．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太阳能灌溉正在普及，以及其中存在的机会和风险。 65．细节理解题。根据第三段“Solar pumps will increase groundwater pumping efficiency, which may be desirable in regions that support such increases, but this could worsen groundwater lessening in regions that are already stressed.(太阳能水泵将提高地下水的抽水效率，这在支持这种增加的地区可能是可取的，但这可能会使已经受到压力的地区的地下水减少情况恶化)”可知，抽水效率与地下水枯竭之间存在冲突。故选D。 66．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Garrick and his team advocate for improved data collection initiatives, with a shift from separated to integrated approaches. They suggest using technology to measure water pumping and collecting remotely sensed data to monitor land use changes. As well, regulatory improvements are crucial, with mounting limits for carbon emissions and groundwater lessening established at various levels. (Garrick和他的团队提倡改进数据收集计划，从分离的方法转变为集成的方法。他们建议使用技术来测量抽水和收集遥感数据来监测土地利用的变化。此外，监管方面的改进也至关重要，对碳排放的限制越来越多，在各个层面上都建立了地下水减少的限制)”可知，Garrick和他的团队建议整合数据收集和监管。故选A。 67．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With groundwater management already a difficult challenge, we must act fast to understand the implications of the clean energy boost and poverty reduction acts to avoid these gains being won away by wells running dry.(由于地下水管理已经是一项艰巨的挑战，我们必须迅速采取行动，了解促进清洁能源和减少贫困法案的影响，以避免这些成果因水井干涸而失去)”可知，作者建议读者在进一步了解的基础上采取行动。故选B。 68．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In order to meet growing food production and energy needs in low-and middle-income countries, solar-powered groundwater irrigation (灌溉) is rapidly gaining ground.(为了满足低收入和中等收入国家不断增长的粮食生产和能源需求，太阳能地下水灌溉正在迅速普及)”结合文章主要说明了太阳能灌溉正在普及，提到了其中存在的机会和风险。可知，C选项“太阳能灌溉的前景和风险”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （十八） （23-24高二下·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟·期中）Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa, you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online. They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting: Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today? Depending on the site, the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions. Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with computers. They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent behavior that is equivalent to that of a human. Chatbots communicate through speech or text. Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP), which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read, analyze and interpret human language. This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and meaning. NLP, in essence, allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to appropriately respond. With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning, chatbots can interpret more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between human and machine. Essentially, a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands. The more a chatbot communicates with you, the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions. Your positive responses reinforce its answers, and then it uses those answers again. From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites, answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions. 69．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in Paragraph 1? A．To explain how a chatbot works. B．To show where to find a chatbot. C．To give examples of chatbots. D．To compare different chatbots. 70．What is the basis of chatbots? A．Language study. B．Data transmission. C．Social interaction. D．Natural language processing. 71．What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Inspire. B．Strengthen. C．Organize. D．Match. 72．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The author’s predictions. C．The effects of chatbots. D．The applications of chatbots. 【答案】69．C 70．D 71．B 72．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。 69．推理判断题。根据第一段“Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa, you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online. They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting: Thank you for visiting our site.”（即使你没有和Siri或Alexa进行过对话，你也可能在网上遇到过聊天机器人。它们经常出现在聊天窗口中，并弹出友好的问候：感谢您访问我们的网站）可知，为什么作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。故选C项。 70．细节理解题。根据第三段“Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP)”（两者都依赖于机器学习和自然语言处理(NLP)等人工智能技术。）可知，聊天机器人的基础是是自然语言处理。故选D项。 71．词句猜测题。根据上文“The more a chatbot communicates with you, the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.”（聊天机器人和你交流得越多，它就越能理解你，也就越能学会像你和其他有类似问题的人一样交流）以及下文“then it uses those answers again.”（然后它会再次使用这些答案。）可知，“Your positive responses reinforce its answers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”，划线词reinforce与Strengthen“巩固，强化”意思一致。故选B项。 72．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives.In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites,answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries,from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions.”（从在线客服聊天机器人到家庭私人助理，聊天机器人已经开始进入我们的生活。几乎在每个行业，公司都在使用聊天机器人来帮助客户轻松浏览网站，回答简单的问题，并将人们引导到相关的联络点。Siri和Alexa等个人助理的设计目的是响应各种场景和查询，从当前天气和新闻更新到个人日历、音乐选择和随机问题）可知，最后一段主要是关于聊天机器人的应用。故选D项。 （十九） （23-24高二下·辽宁省七校协作体·期中）It was long theorized that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex(额叶皮层) of the brain, which is considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory. The study of decision-making in rats may help scientists find the roots of flawed decision-making common to mental health disorders such as addiction, the authors say. They used-a new tool to manipulate(操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to them receiving rewards or no rewards. If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward. The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices. Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.” Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain calculations were disrupted(扰乱)in animals that had taken methamphetamine. “Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans,” Groman said. 73．How was Yale’s research different from the previous theory? A．It defined the function of different brain regions. B．It identified specific circuits involved in decision-making. C．It focused on the connection between choices and memories. D．It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher-order thinking. 74．What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman’s words? A．Memories are related to all the three circuits. B．People base their decisions on personal preferences. C．The three circuits are all of vital importance in making decisions. D．The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely. 75．What does the last paragraph mainly focus on? A．The limitations of the present study. B．A description of the research method. C．A possible reason for the study findings. D．The potential application of the conclusion. 76．What might be the best title for the text? A．How people get addicted and cured B．How making decisions influences our brain C．How our brain develops when facing choices D．How the brain helps us make good decisions and bad ones 【答案】73．B 74．C 75．D 76．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大脑中的三个回路如何帮助我们做出好或坏的决定。 73．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory. (然而，耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将哪些过去的选择存储在记忆中)”可知，耶鲁大学的研究与之前不同在于它确定了参与决策的特定回路。故选B项。 74．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones. (一个比较是决定在一家餐厅用餐。例如，如果没有“好的选择”循环，可能不会的回到食物好吃餐厅；如果没有“坏的选择”回路，你可能无法避开带食物不好的餐厅。第三个“记忆”回路在做出决定时至关重要，比如在吃了几顿好饭之后，是否要回到餐厅)”可知，这三条回路在做决定时都至关重要。故选C项。 75．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans(因为我们使用的测试与人类决策研究中使用的测试相似，我们的发现与人类有直接相关性，有助于寻找治疗人类药物滥用的新方法)”可知，本段主要讲述的是研究结论的潜在应用。故选D项。 76．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.(耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将过去的哪些选择存储在记忆中)”可知，本文主要讲述的是大脑如何帮助我们作出好或坏的决定。故选D项。 （二十） （22-23高二下·辽宁省沈阳市郊联体·期中）In a dark room, it may seem there will be little to detect in the darkness. However, a bird in the room will be able to pick up on the magnetic field(磁场)of the earth and will know which direction to fly if it is time to migrate(迁徙). A snake will detect the presence of humans in the room by sensing their radiation. Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space. Each animal has access to its own sensory environment — called an “umwelt”. “Umwelt” was popularized by a German biologist named Jakob von Uexküll. The word comes from the German for “environment”, but Jakob von Uexküll wasn’t using it to mean the physical environment. He meant the sensory environment, the unique set of smells, sights, sounds and textures that each animal has access to. Humans can’t sense the faint electric fields that sharks and ducks can, or the magnetic fields that robins and sea turtles detect. Our ears can’t hear the call of rodents and hummingbirds, and our eyes can’t see the light that birds and bees can sense. Our noses can’t detect various odors(气味)that dogs would be able to smell. So imagining the world as animals perceive it opens up a new appreciation for the everyday wonders of nature. If we think of nature as something remote and distant, accessible only to someone who can go to a national park, we lose the motivation to save and protect it. Instead, we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us. Then nature would feel like something close. In that case, people will be more motivated to try and protect it. Protecting nature isn’t just about saving whales or pandas, but about protecting things that are close to us. 77．What does the author intend to show by using the example of a dark room? A．Automatic adjustments to the darkness. B．Important functions of sense organs. C．Natural strengths of animals and humans. D．Diverse perceptions of the same environment. 78．What does the underlined word “umwelt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The natural world. B．The biological science. C．The surroundings that animals detect. D．The environment that animals live in. 79．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Limitations of human senses. B．Wonders of living creatures. C．The lack of animal knowledge. D．The comparison of organs. 80．What does the author suggest doing? A．Presenting the national parks. B．Caring about the creatures around us. C．Rescuing endangered species. D．Appreciating what we possess. 【答案】77．D 78．C 79．A 80．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者号召我们应想象动物所感知的世界，从而更利于我们去保护它们。 77．推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space.(这些生物中的每一种都可能共享完全相同的物理空间，并对该空间有完全不同的体验。)”可知，文章通过举例想说明动物对同一环境的不同感知。故选D项。 78．词句猜测题。由文章第二段“Each animal has access to its own sensory environment (每种动物都有自己的感官环境)”以及“The word comes from the German for “environment”, but Jakob von Uexküll wasn’t using it to mean the physical environment. He meant the sensory environment, the unique set of smells, sights, sounds and textures that each animal has access to.(这个词来自德语，意思是“环境”，但Jakob von Uexküll并没有用它来指代物理环境。他指的是感官环境，即每只动物都能接触到的独特的气味、视觉、声音和纹理。)”可知，umwelt应指“动物探测到的周围环境”。故选C项。 79．主旨大意题。由第三段“Humans can’t sense the faint electric fields that sharks and ducks can, or the magnetic fields that robins and sea turtles detect. Our ears can’t hear the call of rodents and hummingbirds, and our eyes can’t see the light that birds and bees can sense. Our noses can’t detect various odors(气味)that dogs would be able to smell.(人类无法感知鲨鱼和鸭子所能感知的微弱电场，也无法感知知更鸟和海龟所能探测到的磁场。我们的耳朵听不到啮齿动物和蜂鸟的叫声，我们的眼睛也看不到鸟类和蜜蜂能感觉到的光线。我们的鼻子检测不到狗能闻到的各种气味。)”可知，这段主要讲人类感官的局限性。故选A项。 80．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Instead, we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us. Then nature would feel like something close. In that case, people will be more motivated to try and protect it. Protecting nature isn’t just about saving whales or pandas, but about protecting things that are close to us.(相反，我们可以通过思考坐在我们对面房子上的鸟的感官世界来进行冒险。然后大自然会感觉像是一种亲近的东西。在这种情况下，人们会更有动力去尝试和保护它。保护自然不仅仅是拯救鲸鱼或熊猫，而是保护我们身边的东西。)”可知，本段作者建议我们应关心我们周围的生物。故选B项。 1 / 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$