话题5 科技与发展-【一战成名新中考】2025年中考英语·纯练版总复习·二轮方向性题型培优练优质课件PPT

英语 1 2 题型二 创新考法专练 语篇 分类练 话题5 科技与发展 3 Passage 1 [2024成都市新都区一模改编] Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data（数据）. Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you target ads（定向广告）. What happened to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about 4 customers. Data brokers collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow. And then, sell them to businesses. ▲? The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says businesses must get parents' permission（许可） to collect personal data from kids under 13. China's law on personal information protection came into effect（生效） on November 1st, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章由APP上呈现的广告引出我们的个 人信息被企业收集和贩卖，进而指出我们应该高度重视和保护个人信息。 7 1.According to the passage, how can people use some apps for free?( ) A. By sharing their personal data. B. By buying and using the data. C. By showing the target ads. D. By shaking their phones. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，通过分享你的个人数据来 免费试用一些软件。故选A。 √ 8 2.图片理解 According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show us target ads?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】图片理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，用户使用那些应用软 件，然后数据经纪人收集你的所有数据，然后把它们卖给企业，企业再定 投广告。故选B。 √ 9 3.句子还原 Which of the following can be put in the ▲?( ) A. What are the people interested in B. Why do businesses show their ads C. Why do businesses want the data D. What's the importance of the data 【解析】句子还原题。根据第五段第三句可知，此段落主要介绍了企业为 什么需要这些数据。故选C。 √ 10 4.What can we know from the last paragraph?( ) A. We should never let the apps get our own personal information. B. We should put a high value on personal information and protect it. C. All the countries have made the law on personal information protection. D. We don't need to worry about leaking our personal information. 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，我们要重视个人信息， 要保护个人信息。故选B。 √ 11 5.写作对象 Who's the passage written for?( ) A. Businessmen. B. All the readers. C. Data brokers. D. Lawyers. 【解析】写作对象题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，本文主要介绍了为什 么用户能够免费使用应用程序，因此对象是全部读者。故选B。 √ 12 drone 无人机 Passage 2 [2024重庆A卷] ①More than 100,000 people cheered at the breathtaking moment when 3,000 drones flew over Chaotianmen on the Chinese New Year Eve. The 15-minute drone show had 300 million views online. 13 ②In fact, drones are easy to operate. People send orders to the control system. Rotors push against the air to make the drone rise or stay in the air. By changing the angle（角度） and the speed of different rotors, the drone flies in all directions. ③Drones can complete difficult and special tasks in a timely and effective way. ④After an earthquake, drones can fly over blocked roads to find people or record any possible danger. Reaching the mountain village by road may take several hours, but drones provide information in just a few minutes. 14 ⑤For weak wildlife populations, drones can show where poachers are hiding and if they are carrying guns. At night, drones with infrared （红外线的） cameras can easily find them in the dark. ⑥Drones also provide convenience for the public. For example, at a sports event, drones are used to give a view from above or help coaches see how their players are doing. ⑦In a word, drones have been widely used in emergency （紧急情况），environmental protection, farming, transportation and others, with more fields on the way. 15 ⑧As drones are cheaper, more practical and less dangerous than planes or helicopters, drone flight activities have become the important driving force for the growth of low-altitude economy（低空经济） . Besides well-known leaders like DJI, more pioneering companies have appeared. At the end of last year, there were nearly 1.27 million registered（注册的） drones across the country. The drone industry is believed to be full of chances and possibilities. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无人机的应用以及未来的产业。 16 1.写作意图 What's the purpose in writing Paragraph 1？( ) A. To provide the background. B. To lead into the subject. C. To compare differences. D. To introduce a festival. 【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“More than 100,000 people…on the Chinese New Year Eve.”可知本文通过超10万人观看无 人机在新年飞行的时刻，引出对无人机的介绍。故选B。 √ 17 2.What does the underlined word “poachers” in Paragraph 5 mean?( ) A. 非法捕猎者 B. 动物保护者 C. 无人机驾驶员 D. 野生动物管理员 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“For weak wildlife populations…if they are carrying guns.”可知携带枪支，猎杀野生动物 的是非法捕猎者。故选A。 √ 18 3.文章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。第一段引出无人机话题；第二段介绍无人机的可操 控性；第三段介绍无人机可以完成困难和特殊任务；第四段和第五段具体 介绍了这样的任务；第六段介绍无人机可以为公众提供便捷，与第三段并 列；第七段是对无人机作用的总结；第八段介绍了无人机产业。因此D选 项符合。故选D。 √ 19 4.后续推断 What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph?( ) A. The history of the drone industry. B. The advantages of drones. C. The future of the drone industry. D. The standards of drones. 【解析】后续推断题。根据第八段最后一句“The drone industry is believed to be full of chances and possibilities.”可知最后一句介绍无人 机未来是充满无限机会和可能的，所以之后作者会介绍无人机产业未来的 发展。故选C。 √ 20 Passage 3[2024温州龙湾区实验中学三模] 21 ①AI is used in many ways to make our lives better. For example, AI-powered robots can help doctors perform surgeries with more precision. AI can also help teachers by giving special lessons to students based on their learning speed and style. In our homes, smart speakers and home assistants can control lights, play music, and even tell us the weather. ②However, when it comes to disinformation（虚假信息）, “Social media took the cost of spreading to zero, and AI takes the cost to zero,” says Renee DiResta of the Stanford Internet Observatory. Large language models such as GPT-4 make it easy to produce misleading news articles or social-media posts in a huge number. 22 ③And AI can produce more than text. Cloning（克隆） a voice using AI used to require minutes, or even hours, of sample audio. Last year, however, researchers at Microsoft created VALL-E, an AI model that is able to clone a person's voice from just a three-second clip（片段） of them speaking, and make it say any given text. ④Open AI, the American company behind GPT-4, has developed a similar tool, Voice Engine, which can clone any voice from a 15-second clip and no one can find the difference. It has not yet released（发布） to public, because of its possible risks to the society. 23 ⑤Similarly, Sora, from Open AI, can produce surprisingly realistic videos of up to a minute according to the given text. Open AI has not released Sora to the public, partly because it could be used to create disinformation. Another worry is that many people will lose their jobs in the video industry because of Sora. ⑥Though all of this is worrying, it is worth remembering that not all parts of the technology are bad. AI, it turns out, can be used for fighting disinformation as well as producing it. Anyway, it's time to think about how we use AI. We need to make sure it's used responsibly and for the good of everyone. Plus, who knows? Maybe one day, you could be the one creating the next big thing in AI! 24 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能的优势，以及存在 的一些弊端，并点评了其发展前景。 25 1.写作手法 How does the writer lead in the topic in the beginning?( ) A. By telling a story. B. By asking questions. C. By giving examples. D. By comparing facts. 【解析】写作手法题。根据本文第一段第二、三句“For example, AI- powered robots can…on their learning speed and style.”可知，第一段 通过举例开始介绍文章主题。故选C。 √ 26 2.观点态度 Which sentence is closest to the writer's attitude（态度） towards AI?( ) A. AI is very useful in our daily life. B. Voice Engine and Sora are the most useful AI. C. Although there may be problems, the future of the AI is still bright. D. People should take good use of AI no matter it is good or bad. 【解析】观点态度题。根据第六段第一句“Though all of this is worrying, it is worth remembering that not all parts of the technology are bad.”以及第六段第三句“Anyway, it's time to think about how we use AI.”可知，作者认为尽管可能存在问题，但人工智能 的未来仍然是光明的。故选C。 √ 27 3.What can we know about Voice Engine according to the passage?( ) A. It's a tool that can clone any voice. B. It is produced before GPT-4. C. It can also produce videos of one minute. D. It won't cause any risk to the society. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Open AI, the American company…can find the difference.”可知，这是一个可以克隆任何声音的 工具。故选A。 √ 28 4.文章结构 What's the structure of the passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了人工智能在许多方面的使 用，使人们生活更好；第二段至第五段介绍了一些人工智能的弊端；最后 一段点评人工智能前景，因此文章是总分总结构。故选D。 √ 29 Passage 4[2024宁波二模改编] 30 Diagram（图表） or Survey Result①AI （artificial intelligence人工 智能） and machine learning refer to the ability of machines to learn and act intelligently. It means they can make decisions, finish tasks, and even tell the possible future results based on what they learn from data （数据）. ②AI and machine learning already play a bigger role in everyday life than you might imagine. Health care, banking, video games, every search on the Internet you make..., all are driven by AI. ③AI is going to change almost every field of modern life. Stephen Hawking said, “Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history.” And Hawking added at once, “Unluckily, it might also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks.” 32 ④▲, especially when you consider some countries are racing to develop AI-enabled autonomous weapons（人工智能自主武器）. It is also going to change and take the place of many human jobs. The same worries also come from the public. According to the survey result from Centre for the Governance（统治） of AI, 91% of the people （tend to and totally） agree that “AI is a technology that requires careful management” in Europe. ⑤But rather than agreeing with an idea of a helpless future where all human jobs are given over to robots, some people believe AI will make on working lives better. It will improve the work of humans, and new jobs will appear to take the place of the old ones. 33 ⑥What's more, machines become more intelligent and they are able to finish more human tasks. Things which only belong to humans lie creativity and critical（批判性的） thinking, will become even more valuable in the future. ⑦Like it or not, AI is here. Maybe changing ourselves and managing it well are the best way out. Just as Benjamin Franklin once said, “When you're finished changing, you're finished.” 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在生活中的用 处以及人们的担心，建议为人工智能带来的变化做好准备。 34 1.段落匹配 Which paragraph does the diagram mainly support?( ) A. ② B. ③ C. ④ D. ⑤ 【解析】段落匹配题。根据第四段第四句可知根据人工智能治理中心的调 查结果，91%的人（倾向于并且完全）同意在欧洲“人工智能是一种需要 谨慎管理的技术”，故图表支持第四段的内容。故选C。 √ 35 2.句子还原 Which sentence can be put in the ▲?( ) A. As we know, there are possible huge risks for society and human life B. Also, you can find AI serving our daily life in every possible field C. Without doubt, AI is a fantastic technology to lead us into the future D. Humans are surely more creative and better at many things than AI 【解析】句子还原题。根据第四段第一、三句可知当你考虑到一些国家正 在竞相开发人工智能自主武器时，人类可能会面临危险，选项A“正如我 们所知，社会和人类生活可能面临巨大风险”可放于此处。故选A。 √ 36 3.写作意图 What's the purpose of writing the passage?( ) A. To warn us that AI will take humans' place. B. To show us that there are a lot of uses of AI. C. To tell us that many people are worried about AI. D. To suggest we prepare for the changes brought by AI. 【解析】写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能在生活中 的用处以及人们的担心，建议为人工智能带来的变化做好准备。故选D。 √ 37 4.文章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了人工智能的话题；第 二段介绍了人工智能在生活中的运用；第三段和第四段表明人工智能是一 种需要谨慎管理的技术；第五段和第六段介绍了一些人支持人工智能的原 因；第七段进行总结。故选D。 √ 38 5.文章出处 In which section of the magazine can we read the news?( ) A. Business. B. Technology. C. History. D. Art. 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，这是一篇以人工智能为主题的文章， 因此我们很可能会在杂志的科技部分读到这篇文章。故选B。 √ 39 Passage 5[2024佛山南海区一模] Are you troubled by housework, such as cleaning tables or tidying your room? A new robot is here to help! In January, short videos of a 40 robot called Mobile Aloha cooking at someone's home caught lots of attention online. In the videos, we can see the robot preparing dishes on its own, from cutting vegetables to cooking eggs. It's also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes. Linda, a 40-year-old housewife joked, “As long as this thing doesn't try to kill me while I am asleep, I am in real need of it.” Well, another video may disappoint her. Mobile Aloha carelessly broke glasses and plates, knocked into things and even burned a dish. In fact, Mobile Aloha isn't good at doing housework on its own. Instead, it learns from human actions before doing each kind of housework. When the situation changes, it can't work well without a human “teaching” it. The robot can successfully move chairs 80 percent of the time. For cooking dishes, it's only 40 percent. In short, it's far from perfect. AI robots are good at tasks such as math and playing chess, but they 42 perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks like cleaning. And it's the same for Mobile Aloha. For example, if its body doesn't move correctly—even just with a small deviation, its arm may move too far to pick up a glass. Well, robots are not ready to control the world yet! 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新型家用机器人Mobile Aloha，展示了它的功能及存在的问题，说明AI机器人在执行简单家务任 务时表现不如人类。 44 1.细节多选 What can Mobile Aloha do?( ) A. a,b,c,d,e,f. B. a,c,d,e,f. C. a,c,e,f. D. a,c,d,e. 【解析】细节多选题。根据第二段第一句可知，Mobile Aloha可以自己备 菜、切蔬菜、烹饪鸡蛋、浇花、照顾宠物、清洗地板和洗衣服，即a，c， e，f。故选C。 √ 45 2.How can Mobile Aloha best do a new task according to the text?( ) A. By learning from humans. B. By learning from failures. C. By learning from other AI robots. D. By asking programmers for help. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，Mobile Aloha在做每样家 务前都会从人类的行为中学习。故选A。 √ 46 3.文章出处 The passage is probably from .( ) A. a story book B. a housework website C. a medicine instruction D. a radio program 【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“Mobile Aloha”这一家用 机器人的使用进行了详细说明，提到了该机器人如何协助做家务，包括做 饭、浇花、照顾宠物等。这种内容常见于提供家务建议和工具的网站上， 因此这篇文章很可能来自一个专注于家务或智能家居的网站。故选B。 √ 47 4.The underlined word “deviation” in Paragraph 3 means ___. A. difference B. adventure C. experience D. experiment 【解析】词义猜测题。difference不同之处；adventure冒险；experience经 历；experiment实验。根据句中“if its body doesn't more correctly even just with a small”可知，哪怕是一个小小的，应该是指偏差，一个小的 偏差也会让机器人出现问题。故选A。 √ 48 5.Which is the best title for the passage?( ) A. AI—Perfect for Housework! B. AI Controlling Humans C. Mobile Aloha Beats Humans! D. Mobile Aloha—Cleaning or Messing up? 【解析】标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲的就是关于清洁机器人 Mobile Aloha的两个视频，一段是它能做很多家务活，一段是它在家里搞 砸事情，抓住了机器人能力和潜在问题的双重方面。故选D。 √ 49 Passage 6 [2024福州一模] Most modern cities have taken action to reduce traffic jams and improve air quality. But if they want to become more livable, they should think about more ambitious goals. Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, has set a good example. It has planned to ban（禁止） gasoline and diesel（柴油） vehicles, leaving only electric ones by 2030. The ban is part of the Clean Air Action Plan. The plan started in 2020 when all diesel cars built before 2005 were 50 banned from entering the city center. In 2022, public buses that cause pollution were banned. Finally, all vehicles that use engines powered by gasoline and diesel will no longer be allowed into the city by 2030. The advantages of such bans are clear. Traffic jams waste large amounts of fuel and time each year. Pollution from cars makes climate change more serious. It is also bad for people's health. Amsterdam's government says car pollution reduces the life expectancy of its citizens by more than a year. But will everyone support such a plan? For most people, giving up driving means life will become less convenient. Perhaps Amsterdam can help make this change to electric cars easier. For example, it can think about improving public transportation. It can also create a larger number of attractive public spaces for pedestrians（行人）. People who drive electric cars may be given discounts（折扣） on parking fees. And it can be more open to new ways of getting around, such as bike-sharing. Saying no to non-electric vehicles is hard. But let's think seriously about our well-being and that of our planet. Making our cities more livable has to become an urgent（迫切的） goal. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了阿姆斯特丹等城市为减少交 通拥堵和改善空气质量而采取的措施，并分析了禁止汽油和柴油车进入市 中心的利弊，呼吁人们重视城市宜居性和环保问题。 53 1.What can be the best title for the text?( ) A. Take Action to Reduce Traffic Jams B. The Advantages of Reducing Traffic Jams C. Ways of Banning Non-electric Vehicles D. Say No to Non-electric Vehicles 【解析】标题归纳题。根据最后一段和整篇文章可知，本文主要介绍了阿 姆斯特丹对使用汽油和柴油发动机的车辆的禁令以及电动汽车的好处，所 以D选项符合。故选D。 √ 54 2.Which of the following have already been banned in Amsterdam?( ) A. Electric cars. B. Gasoline cars built before 2005. C. Non-electric cars. D. Public buses that cause pollution. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，造成污染的公共巴士 被禁止使用。故选D。 √ 55 3.细节多选 The writer suggests Amsterdam help its citizens to accept the plan by ___. ① improving bus and subway services ② giving electric car buyers some discounts ③ allowing electric car drivers to park for free ④ introducing bike-sharing and other new ways to get around A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②④ D. ②③ 【解析】细节多选题。根据第四段第三句和最后一句可知，①④属于作者 的建议。故选B。 √ 56 4.What can we infer from the text?( ) A. Amsterdam is banning non-electric vehicles step by step. B. Most people in Amsterdam speak in support of the vehicle ban. C. Life expectancy of Amsterdam citizens is shorter than that in 2020. D. There are fewer public spaces for pedestrians in Amsterdam than before. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，2022年，造成污染的公共 巴士被禁止使用。最后，到2030年，所有使用汽油和柴油发动机的车辆将不 再被允许进入该市。可推断阿姆斯特丹正在逐步禁止非电动汽车。故选A。 √ 57 5.文章结构 Which is the right structure（结构） of the text? （①= Para.1 ②= Para.2）( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。文章第一段讲述大多数现代城市已经采取行动减少 交通堵塞，改善空气质量；第二段到第四段讲述了阿姆斯特丹对非电动汽 车的禁令。第五段是作者的总结。因此文章为总分总结构。故选B。 √ 58 $$