专题04 阅读理解(二)（北京专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解(二) 人大附中2023-2024学年度第二学期初二年级英语期中 (二)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。 (B) On the night of August 24, 2001, my last night of freedom before I started my high school, everything changed when my friend’s car hit a guardrail (护栏) with me inside. I lost most of my right leg. At the hospital, I just kept telling myself to hold on. Weeks later I made a deal with the hospital workers that as long as I could roll onto my side, I could be discharged (出院). I am proud to say that just one short week later, I was going home. The day I left the hospital, I made a promise to myself to never give up and to always live life to the fullest. In February of 2013, my life was forever changed when I attended the Executive Assistant Organization’s Behind Every Leader event. During the meeting, a sweet lady by the name of Alisson Frew dared to ask me why I did not wear a prosthesis (假肢). My short and simple answer was, “I don’t have sixty thousand dollars.” The next morning, I was in tears as I learned that Alisson, Jeff Hoffma, founder of Priceline, and some other people, had bought a prosthesis for me. From the first step, it was apparent to me just how much this would mean to me. For a year I adjusted (适应) to the leg and settled into everyday life, until one day I realized I was making a life but not living one. After almost 13 years of thinking that I was confident, I had an unfamiliar feeling sweeping over me. For the first time in my life, I was not confident but I was empowered! I desired to help those around me, to have them feel confident about themselves. In April of 2014, I started modeling. My dream is that one day a little girl will see me on a poster at her favourite clothing store and say, “Wow, she is amazing, and she only has one leg. I could do that too someday, even though I have a disability.” 27. Why was the author’s life changed forever in 2013? A. She took part in an important meeting. B. She met some famous people. C. She joined an organization. D. She got a valuable gift. 28. How will the author help those around her? A. By inspiring them. B. By entertaining them. C. By doing voluntary work. D. By offering financial support. 29. What would be the best title for the text? A. An Expensive Gift from Strangers B. How I Survived a Terrible Accident C. I Lost a Leg but Gained a Purpose D. Stay Strong in the Face of Disability (C) The location of an emergency is the most important piece of information in any 911 call. But many people in emergency may not be able to tell operators (接线员) which floor they’re on in a high-rise building. There are a lot of reasons for this. They could be injured or simply confused. Yet precious minutes are wasted when emergency personnel or rescue workers have to search a building to find a person in need. With a new app called Sensory, the call taker, the first person to answer a 911 call, soon may be able to use a caller’s smartphone to locate (定位) the person’s exact position in a building. Columbia University researchers William Falcon and Henning Schulzrinne used a two-step process to create Sensory. First, they used all existing smartphone features to narrow down a caller’s location. All iPhones, which were produced after 2014, already include GPS and altimeter (高度表). They can help call takers to decide if a person is outdoors or inside a building. But when it comes to tall buildings, just knowing a person’s altitude (海拔高度) may not be enough, because the distance (距离) between floors changes from one building to another. So Falcon and Schulzrinne analysed the plans of finding out the average distance between floors in residential buildings (居民楼) and office buildings among more than 1,000 buildings in New York City. They tested their app in 63 experiments in five high-rise buildings and found that it could find a caller’s location within two floors with about a 91 percent accuracy (准确度). In a survey conducted by Find Me 911 this year, dispatchers, who are responsible for sending out people or vehicles to where they are needed, said they always received calls from people in need and they often couldn’t share their location. They sometimes accidentally give the wrong address or floor number. Some callers are too young to know their address. Dispatchers also received calls from those who are deaf or have hearing problems and they often couldn’t hear the operator’s questions. The new Sensory app could help cut down the precious time it takes first responders to get to the people in need. And it could make the difference between life and death. 30. The new app Sensory can be used to ________. A. provide emergency measures quickly B. speed the connection to 911 simply C. locate emergency callers correctly D. improve the function of smartphones completely 31. What does Paragraph 4 really want to tell us? A. The reasons for failing to get exact location. B. The basic information about emergencies. C. The potential danger of failing to rescue. D. The different kinds of emergency callers. 32. What is the author’s attitude to the new app? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Opposed. (D) After years of shocking images of huge fields filled with abandoned (被遗弃的) tents and rubbish in the aftermath (结束后的时期) of music festivals, it was encouraging to hear Glastonbury Festival organizers say that 99％ of festival-goers’ tents were picked up after the festival. This is a huge achievement. But really it should be normal. There is a popular belief that most tents left behind after festivals are collected and sold by charities or sent to good causes. But this is only wishful thinking: most of them end up in landfills (填埋). The cost for festival organizers and charities of collecting thousands of tents is just too high. All the parts of the tents—pegs, poles, sheets, and bags—need to be present, undamaged, and the tents clean and functional to be reused. After a festival, organizers of festival typically flatten those standing tents. This makes it even more back-breaking to identify (识别) the tents that are reusable in a field full of them. It’s also likely they’ll be damaged in the process. According to research, making a typical tent creates as much as 25kg of CO2, and costs the equivalent (等量) of around 8,750 plastic straws (塑料管) or 250 plastic cups. This is about the same amount of CO2 produced by a car driving 100 miles. Today, tents can be made out of green materials such as cardboard. But these products are sometimes quite heavy and expensive. Many festivals sell tents for £20 or less—hardly a high price—especially when seen against the price of tickets in the UK which are often around £200. The images of abandoned tents are more than just a comment on the environmental impacts of the festival itself. They are a symbol of our throwaway culture—just as images of clean fields at Glastonbury are a refreshing symbol of hope for what could be. Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints. 33. What is a common misunderstanding of tents in the UK? A. They are a must for most festival-goers. B. They do harm to people’s health. C.They are reused after festival. D. They make the festival experience enjoyable. 34. What does the underlined word “back-breaking” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Important. B. Dangerous. C. Difficult. D. Necessary. 35. What can we learn from the numbers in the 4th paragraph? A. Tents take a great deal of energy to make. B. There is an increased demand for tents worldwide. C. Carboard tents win popularity with festival-goers. D. Tents are much cheaper than festival tickets in the UK. 36. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to ________. A. introduce popular music festival in the UK B. invite people to enjoy music festival in the UK C. stress the importance of festival in cultural life D. call on people to protect the environment during festivals 北京市第八十中学2023~2024学年度第二学期期中统练 八年级英语 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called “Feeding Mars”. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface (表面) and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. “It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr. Baboon, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.” 18. Why would “Feeding Mars” be a big help to spacemen? A. Because spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. B. Because fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. C. Because it would take a long time for spacemen to reach Mars and return to earth D. Because it tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. 19. What makes it hard to farm on Mars? A. Ice below the surface. B. Too much fish waste. C. The missing of living things. D. The poor land condition. 20. How does Dr. Baboon feel about Feeding Mars? A. Hopeful. B. Awful. C. Strange. D. Funny. C 3D Printing Will Improve Our Food Choices In early summer 2016, Londoners were treated to a new trend in dining. Food Ink, the world’s first 3D printing restaurant, opened to a special group of customers who dined on a nine-course meal prepared right before their eyes using 3D printers. Even the restaurant’s tables and chairs, lamps, cups, and plates were created with 3D technology. With London just the beginning, Food Ink plans to bring its restaurant form to other cities around the world. Like other 3D applications, printing food is a process that builds layers (层) upon layers of material on top of each other. Each layer is pushed through a print head to form an object with a desired shape, texture, size, and so on. Unlike other 3D printing, which uses spool (绕线轮) to create objects out of plastic, food materials (材料) in 3D printing are put into a syringe—like container (注射器形状的容器) which are then pressed into the shape required. Any food materials that can be pureed (煮成糊状) or turned into a paste can be used in 3D food printing. Fine dining is only one aspect of the food industry about to be improved by 3D printing. Researchers have been exploring ways to use 3D printing to deal with world hunger. Mass production of food using powdered (粉末状的) nutritional ingredients could help feed a growing population. The 3D-printed food would have the advantage of being produced cheaply and having a long shelf life. This is especially important with the world population projected to be 8.5 billion by 2030. The technology will also enable consumers to quickly make meals with ingredients to suit their special health needs. Take the example of feeding elderly people, who often need to have their food pureed because they have problems with swallowing and chewing (咀嚼). Many elderly people did not like their food like pureed food and they don’t eat it. The Netherlands Organization for applied scientific research is turning to 3D printing to mash up peas, cabbages, and carrots to produce 3D-printed versions of the vegetables. These are easier to chew but keep their shape because of the addition of a gelling agent (胶凝剂). The 3D-printed vegetables are being served throughout nursing homes in Germany. It seems that there is no end to the potential (潜力) of 3D printing. In 2013, NASA offered a large amount of money to develop a functional 3D food printer. The printer aims to create nutritional food to feed astronauts on long space missions. From creating special restaurant meals, to improving nutrition, to potentially feeding the world, 3D food printing is creating exciting new possibilities for food. 21. What can we learn about 3D food printing? A. 3D food printing is developing for astronauts on space missions. B. 3D food printing ends world hunger with its cheaply-produced food. C. 3D food printing is being widely applied in fine dining restaurants. D. 3D food printing differs from other 3D printing in the process of building layers. 22. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. 3D food printing solves the elders’ eating problems with pureed food. B. Consumers can use 3D food printing quickly to make healthy meals. C. The Netherlands Organization is doing research on 3D food printing. D. 3D food printing technology will meet people’s special health needs. 23. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain how 3D food printing works. B. To discuss what 3D food printing has brought us. C. To show the possibilities created by 3D food printing. D. To stress the importance of 3D food printing to the world. D Are you a good receiver? It might sound like a funny question but it is an important one that each of us should ask ourselves. Strangely, most of us are better givers than receivers. We give to our family, our friends and even charities, and opposite to what we might think, most of us are actually very good at giving. But receiving is another matter. We often feel a little uneasy when receiving, although it is not very noticeable. When someone praises (赞扬) us for helping him move or clean up the house, we will possibly say, “Ah, it was nothing.” When someone praises the coat we are wearing, we may mention how we bought it at a discount (折扣) instead of simply enjoying the praise. Actually, the praise is a gift to us, and when we don’t receive it properly, we are dishonoring the giver. Giving is easy, as there is much pleasure in giving, but receiving is an art that takes practice. To be a good receiver requires a sense of close relationship with the giver. It is always a pleasure for a giver to see the gift received in a pleasant way. And this is also the best way for a receiver to honor (尊敬) the giver and give him something back. Many relationships are not so good not because people are not giving to each other, but because they are not receiving from each other well. We should receive the love, respect the praise, and give thanks every time giving happens. We should practice receiving all the pleasures that happen to us every day. Don’t take them for granted.Think of how many simple everyday gifts we are being given all the time: the beauty of nature, art and inspiring (激励人的) conversations. But are we truly receiving them when they happen to us, or are we busy with other matters, not noticing? We should learn the art of receiving: accept the gifts life offers us and show our appreciation (感激) for them. We are taught that it is better to give than to receive. But this suggests that there is something wrong with receiving. There is nothing wrong with receiving. It is better to give and receive. Let life show us with gifts, pleasures, joys, surprises, both large and small, and let us take notice of all these things and accept them happily and thankfully. The more we can receive, the more we can give back, but giving more does not necessarily mean receiving more. We must remember it is harder to receive than to give, and try to practice receiving. This practice will benefit us greatly, making us become good receivers as’well as good givers. 24. According to Paragraph 2, what do we possibly do when we are praised? A. Honor the giver publicly. B. Show our pleasure clearly. C. Receive the praise uncomfortably. D. Express our disagreement properly. 25. The expression “take them for granted” probably means “ ________”. A. look for them quickly B. depend on them totally C. keep them with care D. get them without appreciation 26. What can we learn from the passage? A. People usually can receive more by giving more. B. People usually try to receive as much as possible. C. People should give a gift back when receiving one. D. People can improve relationships by receiving well. 27. What is the best title for the passage? A. Be a Good Receiver and Giver B. Better to Give Than to Receive C. Better to Give, Better to Receive D. Be a Receiver Rather Than a Giver 北京十四中2023—2024学年度第二学期 期中检测 初二英语测试卷 B Swimming towards Victory Chen Xingrong won five medals, including a gold, at the 11th National Games for Persons with Disabilities and the 8th National Special Olympic Games. Born in Hainan Province, Chen Xingrong could not say a word until he was 2 years old. When Chen Xingrong was found autistic (自闭的), his parents were worried. In 2012, his father learned that swimming could help people with autism, so he spent months learning how to swim by watching videos and reading books. When Chen Xingrong was 5 years old, he began to learn how to swim with his father’s help. At the very beginning, he spent three months teaching his son, but all his efforts failed. To his surprise, after another three months, he discovered that his son had developed the ability to control his breath under water, which greatly increased his confidence, and swimming soon became a key activity of the family. His father planned all his exercises for him at first, but then it was all up to him. He decided how many exercises he wanted to do, and his parents respected his choices. It was a process of self-management. With his father’s help as well as his good self-management and perseverance (毅力), he succeeded in winning many medals in the swimming competitions. As well as swimming, learning basic life skills is also an important part of life fora teenager with autism. His father hopes that his son can live well on his own when he and his wife grow old. To help the public to know more about autistic people so as to reduce misunderstanding, he once organized about 500 people to watch an autism-themed film. Thanks to his father’s endless efforts, Chen Xingrong has learned to buy food in the market in their neighborhood. He also does voluntary jobs at supermarkets and fast-food restaurants, such as arranging shelves and cleaning dining tables.” He is good at skillfully arranging things. He is part of the community, and I hope he will live a wonderful life in the future.” his father says proudly. 26. How old was Chen Xingrong when he began to learn to swim? A. 2. B. 5. C. 8. D. 11. 27. Chen Xingrong succeeded because of ________. A. his hardworking training B. his confidence and efforts C. his own special gift for swimming D. his perseverance and his father’s help 28. From the passage, we can know ________. A. Chen Xingrong ran some supermarkets B. Chen Xingrong has learned swimming for three months C. Chen Xingrong has done some volunteer work in the community D. Chen Xingrong invited 500 people to watch an autism-themed film C Hats in Harvard The cold wind blew through the trees and between buildings. Winter was on its way, Amaya was warm in her house, thinking about an article she read at school. The article was about the kids who helped out their communities, and she thought it would be really cool to help her own town, Harvard. The only problem was that she wasn’t sure how to help. What could a kid do for her town? In the article, the kids grew food for people who needed it. But it was winter, she couldn’t start a garden. Amaya was still deep in thought when her mom said it was time to go shopping. On the road, Amaya saw a family walking on the sidewalk, wearing only light jackets. How cold they must be, Amaya thought. That gave her an idea! She could help her town. She could collect winter coats, hats, and gloves for people in Harvard who needed them. Amaya decided to talk to her teacher, because then she could share her idea with her classmates at least. Mrs. Monroe was very supportive when Amaya talked about her idea. She even said she could help Amaya talk to the principal (校长) about it, so they could get the whole school involved! They decided to call the project “Hats in Harvard” and they wrote up a letter explaining the idea to the families. Mrs. Monroe said they could even take a fieldtrip to parks around Harvard where families in need gathered to drop off the coats, hats, and gloves. Amaya was excited, and really hoped the principal, Mrs. Brown, would let the school participate (参加)! Mrs. Brown was excited about the idea, and said she would make sure copies of the letter went home with all the students! They collected the winter clothing for a few weeks, then were able to take their fieldtrip to two parks to leave the clothes where families who needed them could get them. Three day safer their fieldtrip, Amaya and her mom once again saw the same family walking together. This time, though, the family looked nice and warm in some new coats, hats, and gloves. Amaya felt a warm glow in her heart. 29. The article Amaya read was about ________. A. the cold weather in Harvard B. the communities in her town C. the trees and buildings near her house D. the kids who helped out their communities 30. To help her own town, Amaya ________. A. grew food for people who needed it B. wrote up a letter explaining her idea to the principal C. collected winter clothes for people who needed them D. went shopping with her mom to buy some new clothes 31. In the last paragraph, “Amaya felt a warm glow in her heart” shows ________. A. she felt sorry for poor people B. she felt warm with her coat and gloves C. she was happy because she could help others D. she was moved by the poor family 32. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. She got the idea on her way to the shop. B. People in need of winter clothes could get them in the park. C. The principal supported Amaya warmly. D. All the schools in the town participated the activity. D Most of us probably have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Some are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even he created with kindness. But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too. When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work—you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮层). It’s responsible for working memory and executive function(执行功能) tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you’re using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self-control to keep from blurting out(脱口而出) the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower. Vendemia, a neuroscientist at the University of South Carolina, did a research and has found that people’s mental workload will be heavier and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks such as making a study plan or using self-control to keep from spending too much time on computer games. Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they’ll soon learn that they can’t trust your praise. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars, so if you are viewed as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships. It’s widely agreed that nearly all cultures value honesty, and now science is revealing(揭示) how dishonesty influences the brain and your ability to build the trust on which strong relationships depend. So, even when lying doesn’t stretch your nose, it still comes at a price that you can’t afford. 33. The second paragraph is mainly about _________. A. why self-control benefits the brain B. what social influences lying can bring C. how the brain works when people lie D. when executive function comes into play 34. What can we learn about lying from the passage? A. Lying improves working memory. B. Covering lies takes much brainpower. C. The nature of lies is decided by the brain. D. People’s reaction can be sped up by lying. 35. The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_________”. A. lead to serious accidents B. help to win full support C. build up strong relationships D. have the opposite effect 36. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Signs of Lying B. Costs of Lying C. Causes of Lies D. Types of Lies 北京一零一中2023-2024学年度第二学期期中 初二英语 B Abby felt worried when mom told her she had to get braces to help her teeth grow straight. After lunch, when students were playing basketball, Abby was so distracted by her worries that she didn’t even notice the ball hurtling toward her. “Ow,” she cried as the ball hit her in the face. “I’m so sorry,” said Tara. “I thought you saw it coming.” Abby rubbed her jaw. “It’s OK. My mouth is going to be hurting like crazy soon anyway.” “How come?” Tara asked. “I have to get braces next week,” Abby said, “I’m so worried. I can’t concentrate on anything else.” “What’s stressing you out about getting braces?” Tara asked. “EVERYTHING!” Abby exclaimed. “If you write down the exact things you’re worried about, maybe you can actually do something about them. I’ll help you make a list.” Tara said. Abby agreed. After school, they got together and made a very clear list of Abby’s worries: 1. Braces will make me look strange. 2. Everyone will make fun of me. 3. I’ll never be able to eat popcorn or sticky candy again. 4. I’ll have to spend every minute brushing and flossing my teeth. 5. Because of the braces, I’ll spend my life in pain. Then Abby had the world’s best idea. “How about we turn my worry list into a survey? We can ask kids with braces if they’ve experienced the things on my list.” During breaks the next day, they did the survey, and everyone seemed excited to participate. Here’s the survey result. 10 out of 10 kids agreed that it took only a few days to get used to their new look. Being made fun of wasn’t a problem for anyone. Everyone agreed that it does feel kind of strange and uncomfortable at first, but it’s really not that big of a deal. The only thing that no one could agree on was the best color for rubber bands on braces. The survey result definitely helped Abby to feel better. A few days later, she came to school with braces. Her purple bands looked fantastic. “Thank you, Tara.” Abby said, “It really helps to write down our worries and talk to other people who have the same problems.” 28. Abby felt __________ when she knew she had to get braces at first. A. shocked B. worried C. relaxed D. pleased 29. How did Abby deal with her problem? A. By making a list and helping some other kids. B. By visiting the doctor and removing the braces. C. By turning to her friend and asking her for help. D. By writing down her worries and doing a survey. 30. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Doing a survey is the best solution. B. Anyone is afraid of being laughed at. C. Positive action help get used to changes. D. All things are difficult before they’re easy. C On Christmas Eve, a team of reindeer (驯鹿) will help Santa Claus deliver gifts to children all around the world. The reindeer, led by their fearless leader Rudolph, won’t be the only ones doing something special. Back in the highest Arctic, their cousins have an extraordinary ability—changing their eye color. During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden, which helps bounce most of light off the eyes, effectively acting like a pair of natural sunglasses. As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their night vision and see clearly in low light conditions. With these adaptations, reindeer can get used and live in one of the most terrible environments on Earth. Unlike humans, reindeer can see well into the shorter Ultra Violet (UV紫外线) range. This UV vision enables them to locate food and enemies more effectively in the snow. Lichens (地衣), a key part of their winter diet, absorb UV, so they show up dark against UV-reflecting white snow. Wolf and polar bear fur also absorb UV, so instead of disappearing against snow, they pop out in high contrast, allowing reindeer to see possible threats from a distance. Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers (胶原纤维). In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter. This change happens when reindeer widen their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eyes. Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, is harmful to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way. So it is important for us to be careful of our use of electricity and make efforts to reduce light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these wonderful creatures. 31. What do we know from Paragraph 2? A. The shape of reindeer’s eyes changes with seasons. B. It is difficult for reindeer to live in low light conditions. C. Reindeer’s eyes appear golden in winter while blue in summer. D. The tapetum lucidum helps reindeer get used to seasonal changes. 32. What is the use of UV vision for reindeer? A. To help them see clearly on dark nights. B. To tell food of different colors apart quickly. C. To better locate food and enemies during snowy days. D. To protect their eyes from harmful sunlight in summer. 33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To show the reasons for the drop in reindeer population. B. To call on people to protect reindeer from light pollution. C. To present humans’ great efforts to reduce artificial lighting. D. To prove reindeer’s ability to get used to terrible environments. D Being optimistic has its benefits, but anything can be taken to an extreme. Very often, when people open up about their problems or negative thoughts, the first reaction of the other person is often to try to console them that everything will work out. People who try to make the troubled person feel better don’t usually mean any harm, but they actually are forcing positivity on a person who can’t see the lighter side of the situation at that moment. And that’s when positivity becomes toxic (有毒的). Toxic positivity means stopping thinking about any negative emotions. It is believed that no matter how terrible a situation is, people should keep a positive mindset. For example, toxic positivity is like a thick layer of paint used in a hurry to a cracked wall. It may create the illusion (错觉) of a perfect surface, but the unsolved problems and the cracks still exist. Just as the paint fails to solve the structural problems of the wall, toxic positivity covers real emotions and removes the challenges faced by individuals. It provides an illusion of happiness without solving the potential problems, holding back personal growth and preventing true emotional healing (治愈). Unlike toxic positivity, real positivity recognizes the normality of experiencing various emotions and accept both positive and negative ones. It embraces a true and balanced mindset. Real positivity is not saying “Everything is absolutely fine” as the world falls apart around you. It is closer to “Everything is not fine, yet, my life is still under control. I can choose how I want to think about this situation and how I want to respond.” It is finding bravery and personal responsibility in moments when conditions are not perfect, and allowing individuals to face their challenges and solve the potential problems for true emotional healing. It is important to remember that true growth requires recognizing all emotions, both positive and negative. By allowing ourselves to feel and express our emotions, seeking reliable support, and addressing the underlying problems, we can overcome life’s challenges and find lasting happiness. 34. What does the underlined word “console” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. promise B. comfort C. warn D. upset 35. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 2? A. To present a method of facing challenges. B. To show the importance of being positive. C. To explain the possible harm of toxic positivity. D. To stress the difficulty of healing negative emotions. 36. How is toxic positivity different from real positivity? A. It helps to keep a balanced mindset. B. It fails to notice people’s true emotions. C. It manages to accept negative thoughts. D. It refuses to improve personal independence. 37. What does the author intend to tell us? A. True healing comes from accepting all emotions. B. A negative mindset gets in the way of our growth. C. Support from others inspires us to face challenges. D. Positive words give us bravery to address problems. 2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级（下）期中英语试卷 (1) The Mogao Caves are a very special place in China, which are located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Mogao Caves are thousands of years old and were listed as a world heritage (遗产) site by UNESCO in 1987. Many people, including archaeologists (考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them. Fan was born in Beijing on July 9,1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture. Influenced by her father, Fan liked visiting museums when she was in middle school. With the great love of Chinese culture, she studied in the archaeology department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. On May 4, 2023, “Daughter of Dunhuang” Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund (基金) to support the research of Dunhuang studies at Peking University. “Money made should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves,” she said. “Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can make people know more about Dunhuang and raise cultural confidence of the nation.” 24. How long has Fan Jinshi worked at Dunhuang? A. For almost forty years. B. For about eighty years. C. For almost sixty years. D. For over seventy years. 25. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Archaeologists. B. The Mogao Caves. C. Researchers. D. World heritage sites. 26. Which is NOT the purpose of setting up Fan Jinshi Education Fund? A. To support the research of Dunhuang at Peking University. B. To help people not to think of themselves. C. To make people know more about Dunhuang. D. To raise cultural confidence of the nation. (2) Talking to yourself isn’t just for humans—it’s for robots too. Italian researchers have developed a robot that can speak to itself, which enables users to hear its thought process (过程) and know how the robot makes decisions. “If you were able to hear what the robots are thinking, the robots might be more trustworthy(可信赖的),” one of the researchers Antonio Chella says. “The robots will be easier to understand for people who aren’t engineers. In other words, we can communicate and work with the robots better.” People talk to themselves when looking for clarity and moral (清晰的思维及道德方面的) guidance, and it helps in the decision-making process. The researchers set out to see how this could influence robots, so they developed one called Pepper, and they trained it to set a table. They then gave it the ability to say, in simple English, what it was “thinking” when completing a job. After studying the robot, the researchers found that Pepper was better at solving dilemmas (进退两难的困境) when talking to itself. One experiment saw a user ask Pepper to break table setting rules by putting a fork in the wrong place, which led to the robot asking itself several self-directed questions. It then decided that the user might be wrong, so it made sure the user didn’t give the wrong order before it went on talking to itself: “Emm, this situation is difficult to me. I would never break the rules, but I can’t make him unhappy either, so I’m doing what he wants,” Pepper said while putting the fork in the wrong place. The user can understand Pepper’s thoughts as it uses its inner voice to solve a dilemma, which the researchers say could lead to human-robot trust. Comparing Pepper’s performance with and without inner speech, Chella discovered that the robot worked faster with inner speech, which means when it was talking to itself. “People were very surprised by the robot’s ability,” Chella says. “The research makes the robot different from other machines because it has the ability to reason, to think. Inner speech could be useful in all the situations where we trust the computer or a robot for evaluation (评价) of a situation.” Although hearing the inner voice of robots enriches the human-robot interaction (互动的), some people might find it inefficient because the robot spends more time completing jobs when it talks to itself. The robot’s inner speech is also just the knowledge that researchers gave it. Still, Chella says their research lays the groundwork for more research into how self-dialogue can help robots pay attention, plan and learn. 27. What can we learn from the research? A. Inner speech helps the robot finish tasks better. B. The research can help people understand robots’ actions. C. The Italian researchers created a new language for robots. D. The robot helped study people’s decision-making process. 28. What does the underlined word “inefficient” mean? A. Not interesting. B. Not important. C. Not right. D. Not good. 29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Robots: Learn to Learn B. Robots: Think Out Loud C. Robots: Make Better Speeches D. Robots: Always Trust Humans (3) Participation trophies (参与奖) appeared in children’s sports competitions about a century ago. They have been used to encourage and reward children for participating in funny and healthy activities. The trophies recognize students’ attendance (到场) and effort rather than their ability and the competition results. Since the 1990s, though, there has been an increasingly strong voice that participation trophies are making the kids “soft”. They ruin kids’ competitive spirit and make children too lazy to work hard to get things they want. The thinking often goes, “Every kid will think they are winners, so they will always feel that they are born to win, even if they don’t deserve (值得) to win.” However, this idea is worthy of much more thinking. Does anyone really think that kids are fooled into thinking their participation trophy is a gold medal? Kids are always smarter than that and always more aware of their social surroundings. They know that a participation trophy just says it was good for them to be here having fun. It doesn’t say everyone wins the first place. Kids are learning about their abilities and strengths every day. The idea that participation trophies keep kids from experiencing the “real world” is, in my view, one-sided. Participation trophies recognize that kids’ skill sets are wildly different and that we put kids in organized sports at young ages when their skills are still very much in development. Participation trophies celebrate every kid for being a part of the team or the activity, instead of their skill levels. And different from the idea that participation trophies keep kids from trying hard things, my opinion is the exact opposite. They send a message that there’s great value in trying something that you don’t love or that you may not succeed in. Encouraging kids to try and fail at things is the key to building their confidence by teaching them that failing is necessary for growth and learning. These trophies are a drop in the bucket (桶) for now, but their effects may be seen after the kids step into the grown-up world. As kids get older, their strengths and interests develop more clearly. At that time, they will join in more competitive activities in their professional fields, and they will know the world of, winning and losing. Participation trophies are protective of children’s mental health, by giving them soft places to land in the rocky journey of childhood. Kids need kindness from the adults in their lives. They need to know that they have inherent (与生俱来的) value and worth no matter what they achieve or produce. This view keeps children’s physical and mental well-being front and center right from the start, which couldn’t be more important if we are to raise mentally healthy children. 30. According to the passage, the participation trophies have been used to ________. A. celebrate kids’ ability and their competition results B. educate kids that everyone deserves to be a winner C. encourage kids to work hard to get things they want D. reward kids for joining the fun and healthy activities 31. The writer would probably agree that ________. A. participation trophies recognize that kids are born with value B. kids having participation trophies believe that they are winners C. kids having participation trophies will become mentally healthy D. participation trophies stop kids from experiencing the real world 32. What’s the passage mainly talking about? A. The power of participation trophies. B. The pressure of participation trophies. C. The enjoyment of participation trophies. D. The development of participation trophies. 2023-2024学年北京市房山区八年级下 期中英语试卷 (1) I have a golden dog named Bobby. He is an amazing dog and once saved me. I usually take him to a big natural park when I have time.He can remember all the routes (路线) in the park. When I park my car outside the park, he always jumps out of the car with excitement and goes in front of me,knowing where I would go. One day, I left the car in the same place to take a walk in the park. But Bobby seemed very strange. He didn’t want to go ahead in the park. I tried to call him but he just sat and kept barking at me. So I said, “Then, I will keep walking ahead.” I walked about 200 meters away while he was still barking. Then he suddenly rushed towards me, bit (咬) my trousers and crazily tried to pull my leg. He didn’t let me take another step. At last I had to give up walking ahead, but I still didn’t understand his action.“OK, you don’t want me to walk today. Let’s go home then.” He quickly went back towards the car, but he stopped every a few meters to see whether I was following him. Then, we went home safely. I couldn’t understand what he did in the park until the next morning. I was siting in a coffee shop and reading the newspaper. In the front﹣page was a big photo of a black bear. The reporter said that it appeared in the same park that day. “There was no accident and we took him out of the park.” A policeman said to the reporter. So now, I knew why Bobby was always tying to go ahead in the park. I didn’t see or hear any black bear. However, Bobby did very early！ Treat your dogs with kindness. Some day they will help you and even save you. 24. What does the writer think of the dog? _______ A. Strange. B. Amazing. C. Expensive. D. Crazy. 25. When the writer went ahead in the park, the dog _______. A. sat and kept barking at the writer B. went back and towards the car C. rushed towards the big black bear D. wanted to go ahead as usual 26. What can we learn from the passage? _______ A. Dogs are naughty and they have good sense of smell. B. Dogs always want to go in front of their owners. C. We should study dogs’ habits to know them. D.We should treat our dogs with kindness in our life. (2) As the world of technology is developing very fast, it brings out exciting new inventions which are building a better future. From e-books to robots, the newest inventions are pushing the boundaries (边界) of what we thought was possible. In this article, there are some of these amazing new inventions. Let’s find out the latest and greatest inventions that are shaping our future. Smart Schoolbag Forget to pack the books you need into your schoolbag in the morning huh? A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag. It tells you which books to pack. A small computer and a scanner (扫描装置) are fixed in the bag. As each book is put into the bag, it is checked by the scanner. If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you. Weather Sweets Can you eat weather? A university makes that happen. It uses a 3D printer to create sweets based on the weather information of a certain day. The shapes of the sweets are affected (影响) by wind speed. The colors of the sweets are decided by temperature. The sweets act as a weather record of the day when they are made. Sunrise Bed It’s hard for you to get up in the morning, isn’t it? To help you get up, a company has created a kind of “future”—a sunrise bed. It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off. The company explains, “The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.” It’s exciting to think about all the amazing new inventions that are changing our world. These new technologies are making life easier, more fun and more connected and they make the future look bright. 27. According to the passage, the Smart Schoolbag can _______. A. help you repair computers B. tell you when to pack books C. teach you how to fix scanners D. remind you of the missing books 28. What can we learn from the passage? _______ A. The Smart Schoolbag scans books all by itself. B. Wind speed can decide the colors of Weather Sweets. C. People create a better future with these new technologies. D. The gentle light of Sunrise Bed helps people to sleep. 29. What is the passage mainly talking about? _______ A. Introduction of the newest inventions. B. Importance of technology companies. C. Purpose of changing our world. D. Development of smart schools. (3) People use laughter to communicate with others. It’s how we tell friends that we find their jokes funny,or how kids in a park show that they are having fun. Humans laugh to express many kinds of feelings, from happy to sad, from like to hate and so on. But how about animals? Do they also laugh? If they do laugh, is there a connection between animals’ laughing and playing? A study shows that not only humans but also some animals enjoy good laughter. Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles UCLA, suggested that a number of animals can laugh. Through their research, they found that 65 kinds or groups of animals laugh while playing. The animals that laugh the most include monkeys, rats and dolphins. Animal sound sometimes is like a short laughter, but scientists said that not all of these are connected to playing. After all, animals sometimes make sound as if they are laughing but in fact, they are in danger, or perhaps they are using it to fight with animals that may eat them. Sasha Winkler, a scientist studying animal behavior, noticed that the small monkeys she worked with liked to play together by catching each other. While having fun together, they made panting sounds, almost like they were out of breath, which reminded Winkler of quiet laughter. In that sense, researchers pointed out very interesting ideas of laughter and panting. They believe that laughter comes from heavy breathing during play. Study suggests that many animals laugh so that their playing partner knows they are having fun. This is important because animal play can sometimes look like fighting. Laughter becomes a way for animals to stop harmful act when communicating with others. Some animals also make a “play face” like a smile to show that they are happy and not angry. One big difference between human laughter and animal laughter is that humans laugh much more loudly. Most sounds animals make during play are very quiet so they can only be heard by the animal they are playing with. But for humans, loud laughter is a sign that we’re part of a group. “It’s really amazing that so many animals have a similar function of sound during play,” said Winkler. “These special parts of animal laughter will also be an important area for future study.” 30. Animals sometimes make sound as if they are laughing when they want to _______. A. hide their true feelings B. play tricks on their partners C. interest more partners to join in D. warn animals that may eat them 31. The word “panting” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______. A. loud B. quiet C. breathless 32. What do you know about animal laughter from the passage? _______ A. All kinds of animals laugh when they are playing. B. It can be a way for animals to stop harmful act. C. Animals make sound of laugh louder than humans. D. It usually shows they are happy and not angry. 33. Why does the writer mention the difference in the last paragraph? _______ A. To lead to the topic of future research on laughter. B. To show the function of animal laugh during play. C. To explain that loud laughter is a sign for people to be in a group. D. To suggest that human should train animals to laugh while playing. 北京市明珠学校2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中综合素质评价 七、阅读理解(每小题1 分, 共20 分) A When it comes to the question on how you feel about the 7-day Spring Festival holiday, different people have different answers. Annie I can’t tell you how excited I went to Beijing with my parents. We went to many museums and tasted traditional Beijing food. The most exciting time was during our visit to Tian’anmen Square. How proud we felt to watch the national flag rising there! Tony I didn’t travel anywhere but stayed in my city, visiting friends and relatives(亲戚). It may be boring for some people. But I don’t think so. I like staying with my family. It was the happiest time during the short holiday. Bill I went to Mount Huang with my cousins. There, a foreign boy asked me the way. I felt so nervous to talk to him. At last, he said “Thank you and happy Spring Festival” to me. I think I should study English because it is really useful. Dan My parents took me to visit my grandparents in the countryside. When we arrived there, I couldn’t believe my eyes. I was surprised and sad to see the river polluted by some factories. I heard it crying for help. But what can I do? 43. What didn’t Annie do in Beijing? A. Had traditional food. B. Watched the national flag rising. C. Visited museums. D.Visited friends. 44. How did Bill feel when a foreign boy asked him the way? A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Nervous. D. Surprised. 45. The underlined word “it” refers to ________. A. the countryside B. the holiday C. the factory D. the river 46. What may Bill do later according to his words? A. Travel to a foreign country. B. Think about what to do for the village. C. Join an English club. D. Stay with his parents more often. 47. We can know from the passage that ________. A. Annie loves her country very much B. Tony didn’t do anything but stayed at home C. Bill’s parents took him to climb Mount Huang D. Dan felt good when he went back from his grandparents’ home B When you are feeling unhappy or forget how great you are, these six ways can help make you feel good about yourself. • Look in the mirror and say to yourself, “I am a special person and there is no one in the world like me. I can do anything,” It may not sound so good, but it really works. • Do something nice for someone. Helping others always makes you feel good. • Smile! Be friendly to people you meet. Look for the good things in your friends and family. • Learn something new! Have you always wanted to design your own room or learn how to swim? Go for it! New challenges (挑战) are fun and give you a sense of accomplishment when you have finished! • Start to write a story. Turn off the TV and let your imagination(想象) fly! Write down your thought, dreams or anything you want! It can help to express (表达) your feelings. • Stay with your family. We all need our family time. Talk with your mom or dad or maybe even your cousin. 48. The passage may be from ________. A. a science book B. a magazine C. a story book D. school rules 49. According to this passage, when you are helping others, you will ________. A. be special B. be sure C. feel tired D. feel nice 50. What do the underlined words “a sense of accomplishment” mean in Chinese? A. 成就感 B. 忧伤感 C. 挫折感 D. 信任感 51. Which of the following should you say “NO” to when you are unhappy? A. You should always look for the good things of others. B. Stay alone at home as much as possible. C. Learn something new and go for it! D. Keep a diary to express your feelings. 52. What is the best title for the passage? A. Do Your Best to Make Friends. B. It’s Never Too Late to Learn. C. Six Ways to Feel Good about Yourself. D. Always Smile to Your Life. C Holidays with friends can be great fun and a good way of getting to know each other better. Planning the trip well will help you have a good time. Also it will help you to save money if you start planning earlier. Going abroad will cost more but be a more exciting experience. Don’t go abroad if this is the first trip you help to organize. Going to a different place in your own country can also be fun and will be cheaper. Work out how many people you will be able to plan the trip for. Find out how much interest there is for people to go on the trip, and then invite people who you think will enjoy themselves and who you get on well with. Everyone will have their own idea of what they want the trip to be like, so you should have a meeting. Keep a notebook and write down things to do. If you share ideas with others, you will take a happier trip. After you decide on your hotel, you’ll know the dates of your stay and be able to book transport, such as bus, train and airplane. Booking transport earlier can save some money, so you’d better book as soon as possible. 53. According to paragraph 1, what may we get if we can plan the trip earlier? A. Spend less money. B. Save lots of time. C. Get more information. D. Make more friends. 54. What does the underlined word “organize” mean? A. 宣传 B. 组织 C. 开发 D. 构思 55. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Decide where to go. B. Find out who will go. C. Choose the way for the trip. D. Know others’ ideas for the trip. 56. What’s the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 57. Which is the best title for the passage? A. A Special Trip B. The Fun during the Trip C. Enjoy Your Trip D. Preparations for a Trip D There is lots of junk (垃圾) in space. Some of it is from rockets. In 1996, a rocket broke into about 300,000 small pieces. So far, scientists have found over 10,000 man-made pieces flying around in space. Only 6%~7% of them are satellites and space probes (探测器). Astronauts also lose small things while working in space. In 1965, during the first American spacewalk, astronaut Edward White lost a glove. For a month, the glove stayed in space, travelling at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour. It became the most dangerous piece of clothing for the earth in history it flew away. Things move very fast in space. If they hit (碰撞) one another,it can be dangerous. A little piece of paint from a satellite once made a hole in a spacecraft window. Last year two US spacecrafts dropped some bolts (螺栓), and scientists on the earth worried a lot. Luckily the bolts floated (漂浮) away into space. They could not hit the spacecraft. 58. Some junk in space is from ________. A. space B. rockets C. scientists D. earth 59. American astronaut Edward White once lost ________ in space in 1965. A. a rocket B. some bolts C. a glove D. a little piece of paint 60. The glove in space may travel at a speed of ________ kilometers per hour. A. 300,000 B. 28,000 C. 10.000 D. 21,000 61. If the junk in space hits one another, it can be ________. A. great B. interesting C. safe D. dangerous 62. A little piece of paint from a satellite once made ________ in a spacecraft window. A. a scientist B. a bolt C. a probe D. a hole / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解(二) 人大附中2023-2024学年度第二学期初二年级英语期中 (二)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。 (B) On the night of August 24, 2001, my last night of freedom before I started my high school, everything changed when my friend’s car hit a guardrail (护栏) with me inside. I lost most of my right leg. At the hospital, I just kept telling myself to hold on. Weeks later I made a deal with the hospital workers that as long as I could roll onto my side, I could be discharged (出院). I am proud to say that just one short week later, I was going home. The day I left the hospital, I made a promise to myself to never give up and to always live life to the fullest. In February of 2013, my life was forever changed when I attended the Executive Assistant Organization’s Behind Every Leader event. During the meeting, a sweet lady by the name of Alisson Frew dared to ask me why I did not wear a prosthesis (假肢). My short and simple answer was, “I don’t have sixty thousand dollars.” The next morning, I was in tears as I learned that Alisson, Jeff Hoffma, founder of Priceline, and some other people, had bought a prosthesis for me. From the first step, it was apparent to me just how much this would mean to me. For a year I adjusted (适应) to the leg and settled into everyday life, until one day I realized I was making a life but not living one. After almost 13 years of thinking that I was confident, I had an unfamiliar feeling sweeping over me. For the first time in my life, I was not confident but I was empowered! I desired to help those around me, to have them feel confident about themselves. In April of 2014, I started modeling. My dream is that one day a little girl will see me on a poster at her favourite clothing store and say, “Wow, she is amazing, and she only has one leg. I could do that too someday, even though I have a disability.” 27. Why was the author’s life changed forever in 2013? A. She took part in an important meeting. B. She met some famous people. C. She joined an organization. D. She got a valuable gift. 28. How will the author help those around her? A. By inspiring them. B. By entertaining them. C. By doing voluntary work. D. By offering financial support. 29. What would be the best title for the text? A. An Expensive Gift from Strangers B. How I Survived a Terrible Accident C. I Lost a Leg but Gained a Purpose D. Stay Strong in the Face of Disability 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者如何从车祸的困境中奋起而实现梦想的奋斗经历。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The next morning I was in tears as I learned that Alisson, Jeff Hoffman, founder of Priceline, and a dozen other people, had bought a prosthesis for me.”可知，作者2013年参加一次活动时意外获得一条昂贵的假肢，从此生活发生重大变化，后来成为模特．这是一个特殊的礼物．故选D。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I desired to help those around me, to have them experience this unbelievable feeling for themselves.”可知，我想帮助我周围的人，让他们体验这种不可思议的自我感觉．由此判断出作者通过激励别人来帮助他们。故选A。 【29题详解】 最佳标题题。综合全文可知，本文前半部分讲述了作者在经历车祸后的坚强，后半部分讲述作者打算如何以自己为榜样激励他人．因此最佳标题为“我失去了一条腿，但有了目标”。故选C。 (C) The location of an emergency is the most important piece of information in any 911 call. But many people in emergency may not be able to tell operators (接线员) which floor they’re on in a high-rise building. There are a lot of reasons for this. They could be injured or simply confused. Yet precious minutes are wasted when emergency personnel or rescue workers have to search a building to find a person in need. With a new app called Sensory, the call taker, the first person to answer a 911 call, soon may be able to use a caller’s smartphone to locate (定位) the person’s exact position in a building. Columbia University researchers William Falcon and Henning Schulzrinne used a two-step process to create Sensory. First, they used all existing smartphone features to narrow down a caller’s location. All iPhones, which were produced after 2014, already include GPS and altimeter (高度表). They can help call takers to decide if a person is outdoors or inside a building. But when it comes to tall buildings, just knowing a person’s altitude (海拔高度) may not be enough, because the distance (距离) between floors changes from one building to another. So Falcon and Schulzrinne analysed the plans of finding out the average distance between floors in residential buildings (居民楼) and office buildings among more than 1,000 buildings in New York City. They tested their app in 63 experiments in five high-rise buildings and found that it could find a caller’s location within two floors with about a 91 percent accuracy (准确度). In a survey conducted by Find Me 911 this year, dispatchers, who are responsible for sending out people or vehicles to where they are needed, said they always received calls from people in need and they often couldn’t share their location. They sometimes accidentally give the wrong address or floor number. Some callers are too young to know their address. Dispatchers also received calls from those who are deaf or have hearing problems and they often couldn’t hear the operator’s questions. The new Sensory app could help cut down the precious time it takes first responders to get to the people in need. And it could make the difference between life and death. 30. The new app Sensory can be used to ________. A. provide emergency measures quickly B. speed the connection to 911 simply C. locate emergency callers correctly D. improve the function of smartphones completely 31. What does Paragraph 4 really want to tell us? A. The reasons for failing to get exact location. B. The basic information about emergencies. C. The potential danger of failing to rescue. D. The different kinds of emergency callers. 32. What is the author’s attitude to the new app? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unconcerned. D. Opposed. 【答案】30. C 31. A 32. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款名为Sensory的应用程序，它可以帮助911接线员和救援人员准确地定位紧急呼叫者。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“With a new app called Sensory, the call taker, the first person to answer a 911 call, soon may be able to use a caller’s smartphone to locate (定位) the person’s exact position in a building.”可知，新的应用程序Sensory可以被用来正确定位紧急呼叫者。故选C。 【31题详解】 段落大意题。根据“they always received calls from people in need and they often couldn’t share their location. ... they often couldn’t hear the operator’s questions.”可知，第四段主要介绍了无法获得确切位置的原因。故选A。 【32题详解】 观点态度题。根据“The new Sensory app could help cut down the precious time it takes first responders to get to the people in need. And it could make the difference between life and death.”可知，这个应用程序可以帮助减少急救人员到达有需要的人身边所需的宝贵时间，它可以决定生死；由此推知作者对这款应用程序持支持态度。故选B。 (D) After years of shocking images of huge fields filled with abandoned (被遗弃的) tents and rubbish in the aftermath (结束后的时期) of music festivals, it was encouraging to hear Glastonbury Festival organizers say that 99％ of festival-goers’ tents were picked up after the festival. This is a huge achievement. But really it should be normal. There is a popular belief that most tents left behind after festivals are collected and sold by charities or sent to good causes. But this is only wishful thinking: most of them end up in landfills (填埋). The cost for festival organizers and charities of collecting thousands of tents is just too high. All the parts of the tents—pegs, poles, sheets, and bags—need to be present, undamaged, and the tents clean and functional to be reused. After a festival, organizers of festival typically flatten those standing tents. This makes it even more back-breaking to identify (识别) the tents that are reusable in a field full of them. It’s also likely they’ll be damaged in the process. According to research, making a typical tent creates as much as 25kg of CO2, and costs the equivalent (等量) of around 8,750 plastic straws (塑料管) or 250 plastic cups. This is about the same amount of CO2 produced by a car driving 100 miles. Today, tents can be made out of green materials such as cardboard. But these products are sometimes quite heavy and expensive. Many festivals sell tents for £20 or less—hardly a high price—especially when seen against the price of tickets in the UK which are often around £200. The images of abandoned tents are more than just a comment on the environmental impacts of the festival itself. They are a symbol of our throwaway culture—just as images of clean fields at Glastonbury are a refreshing symbol of hope for what could be. Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints. 33. What is a common misunderstanding of tents in the UK? A. They are a must for most festival-goers. B. They do harm to people’s health. C.They are reused after festival. D. They make the festival experience enjoyable. 34. What does the underlined word “back-breaking” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Important. B. Dangerous. C. Difficult. D. Necessary. 35. What can we learn from the numbers in the 4th paragraph? A. Tents take a great deal of energy to make. B. There is an increased demand for tents worldwide. C. Carboard tents win popularity with festival-goers. D. Tents are much cheaper than festival tickets in the UK. 36. The author’s purpose in writing the text is to ________. A. introduce popular music festival in the UK B. invite people to enjoy music festival in the UK C. stress the importance of festival in cultural life D. call on people to protect the environment during festivals 【答案】33.C 34. C 35. A 36. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了废弃帐篷的回收处理问题。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据“There is a popular belief that most tents left behind after festivals are collected and sold by charities or sent to good causes. But this is only wishful thinking: most of them end up in landfills (填埋).”可知节日后留下的大多数帐篷由慈善机构收集和出售只是大家一厢情愿的想法。故选C。 【34题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“After a festival, organizers of festival typically flatten those standing tents. This makes it even more back-breaking to identify (识别) the tents that are reusable in a field full of them.”可知立着的帐篷被压平。这使得在充满帐篷的场地里识别可重复使用的帐篷变得更加困难。猜测该词意为“困难的”。故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据“...making a typical tent creates as much as 25kg of CO2 , and costs the equivalent (等量) of around 8,750 plastic straws (塑料管) or 250 plastic cups. This is about the same amount of CO2 produced by a car driving 100 miles.”可知生产帐篷需要花费很多的能量。故选A。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The images of abandoned tents are more than just a comment on the environmental impacts of the festival itself...Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints.”可推测作者写文章的意图是希望大家关注环境问题。故选D。 北京市第八十中学2023~2024学年度第二学期期中统练 八年级英语 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 B A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars (火星) in the future. The project is called “Feeding Mars”. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface (表面) and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. There’s plenty of water that could be taken from ice just below the surface, but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need. The team say they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. “It is expected that you can grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal plants on Mars,” said Dr. Baboon, who leads the project. “You can even harvest (捕获) fish for food then.” 18. Why would “Feeding Mars” be a big help to spacemen? A. Because spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself. B. Because fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients for plants. C. Because it would take a long time for spacemen to reach Mars and return to earth D. Because it tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars. 19. What makes it hard to farm on Mars? A. Ice below the surface. B. Too much fish waste. C. The missing of living things. D. The poor land condition. 20. How does Dr. Baboon feel about Feeding Mars? A. Hopeful. B. Awful. C. Strange. D. Funny. 【答案】18. C 19. D 20. A 【导语】本文讲述了一个名叫“Feeding Mars”的项目正在研究如何在火星上制作食物；如果这个项目获得成功，人们就可以在火星上进行耕作生活。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据“It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface (表面) and return to Earth. So it would be a big help if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.”可知，到达火星、了解其表面并返回地球需要很长的时间，因此如果宇航员能在火星上种植新鲜食物，那将是一个很大的帮助。故选C。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据“but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) that living things need.”可知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，由此推知火星的土地很贫瘠。故选D。 【20题详解】 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Dr. Baboon认为人们预计可以在火星上种植很多食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以推知他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选A。 C 3D Printing Will Improve Our Food Choices In early summer 2016, Londoners were treated to a new trend in dining. Food Ink, the world’s first 3D printing restaurant, opened to a special group of customers who dined on a nine-course meal prepared right before their eyes using 3D printers. Even the restaurant’s tables and chairs, lamps, cups, and plates were created with 3D technology. With London just the beginning, Food Ink plans to bring its restaurant form to other cities around the world. Like other 3D applications, printing food is a process that builds layers (层) upon layers of material on top of each other. Each layer is pushed through a print head to form an object with a desired shape, texture, size, and so on. Unlike other 3D printing, which uses spool (绕线轮) to create objects out of plastic, food materials (材料) in 3D printing are put into a syringe—like container (注射器形状的容器) which are then pressed into the shape required. Any food materials that can be pureed (煮成糊状) or turned into a paste can be used in 3D food printing. Fine dining is only one aspect of the food industry about to be improved by 3D printing. Researchers have been exploring ways to use 3D printing to deal with world hunger. Mass production of food using powdered (粉末状的) nutritional ingredients could help feed a growing population. The 3D-printed food would have the advantage of being produced cheaply and having a long shelf life. This is especially important with the world population projected to be 8.5 billion by 2030. The technology will also enable consumers to quickly make meals with ingredients to suit their special health needs. Take the example of feeding elderly people, who often need to have their food pureed because they have problems with swallowing and chewing (咀嚼). Many elderly people did not like their food like pureed food and they don’t eat it. The Netherlands Organization for applied scientific research is turning to 3D printing to mash up peas, cabbages, and carrots to produce 3D-printed versions of the vegetables. These are easier to chew but keep their shape because of the addition of a gelling agent (胶凝剂). The 3D-printed vegetables are being served throughout nursing homes in Germany. It seems that there is no end to the potential (潜力) of 3D printing. In 2013, NASA offered a large amount of money to develop a functional 3D food printer. The printer aims to create nutritional food to feed astronauts on long space missions. From creating special restaurant meals, to improving nutrition, to potentially feeding the world, 3D food printing is creating exciting new possibilities for food. 21. What can we learn about 3D food printing? A. 3D food printing is developing for astronauts on space missions. B. 3D food printing ends world hunger with its cheaply-produced food. C. 3D food printing is being widely applied in fine dining restaurants. D. 3D food printing differs from other 3D printing in the process of building layers. 22. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A. 3D food printing solves the elders’ eating problems with pureed food. B. Consumers can use 3D food printing quickly to make healthy meals. C. The Netherlands Organization is doing research on 3D food printing. D. 3D food printing technology will meet people’s special health needs. 23. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To explain how 3D food printing works. B. To discuss what 3D food printing has brought us. C. To show the possibilities created by 3D food printing. D. To stress the importance of 3D food printing to the world. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了3D食品打印的优点和应用，以及其未来潜力。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In 2013, NASA offered a large amount of money to develop a functional 3D food printer. The printer aims to create nutritional food to feed astronauts on long space missions. ”可知，NASA开发功能性3D食品打印机为执行太空任务的宇航员提供食物。故选A。 【22题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段的“The technology will also enable consumers to quickly make meals with ingredients to suit their special health needs. ”可知，该技术还将使消费者能够快速使用食材制作餐点，以满足其特殊健康需求。故选D。 【23题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，主要介绍了3D食品打印的优点和应用，以及其未来潜力，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是展示3D食品打印的可能性。故选C。 D Are you a good receiver? It might sound like a funny question but it is an important one that each of us should ask ourselves. Strangely, most of us are better givers than receivers. We give to our family, our friends and even charities, and opposite to what we might think, most of us are actually very good at giving. But receiving is another matter. We often feel a little uneasy when receiving, although it is not very noticeable. When someone praises (赞扬) us for helping him move or clean up the house, we will possibly say, “Ah, it was nothing.” When someone praises the coat we are wearing, we may mention how we bought it at a discount (折扣) instead of simply enjoying the praise. Actually, the praise is a gift to us, and when we don’t receive it properly, we are dishonoring the giver. Giving is easy, as there is much pleasure in giving, but receiving is an art that takes practice. To be a good receiver requires a sense of close relationship with the giver. It is always a pleasure for a giver to see the gift received in a pleasant way. And this is also the best way for a receiver to honor (尊敬) the giver and give him something back. Many relationships are not so good not because people are not giving to each other, but because they are not receiving from each other well. We should receive the love, respect the praise, and give thanks every time giving happens. We should practice receiving all the pleasures that happen to us every day. Don’t take them for granted.Think of how many simple everyday gifts we are being given all the time: the beauty of nature, art and inspiring (激励人的) conversations. But are we truly receiving them when they happen to us, or are we busy with other matters, not noticing? We should learn the art of receiving: accept the gifts life offers us and show our appreciation (感激) for them. We are taught that it is better to give than to receive. But this suggests that there is something wrong with receiving. There is nothing wrong with receiving. It is better to give and receive. Let life show us with gifts, pleasures, joys, surprises, both large and small, and let us take notice of all these things and accept them happily and thankfully. The more we can receive, the more we can give back, but giving more does not necessarily mean receiving more. We must remember it is harder to receive than to give, and try to practice receiving. This practice will benefit us greatly, making us become good receivers as’well as good givers. 24. According to Paragraph 2, what do we possibly do when we are praised? A. Honor the giver publicly. B. Show our pleasure clearly. C. Receive the praise uncomfortably. D. Express our disagreement properly. 25. The expression “take them for granted” probably means “ ________”. A. look for them quickly B. depend on them totally C. keep them with care D. get them without appreciation 26. What can we learn from the passage? A. People usually can receive more by giving more. B. People usually try to receive as much as possible. C. People should give a gift back when receiving one. D. People can improve relationships by receiving well. 27. What is the best title for the passage? A. Be a Good Receiver and Giver B. Better to Give Than to Receive C. Better to Give, Better to Receive D. Be a Receiver Rather Than a Giver 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 【导语】本文主要讲到在生活中我们很容易成为一个给予者，而不善于接受；文章介绍了如何学会接受的一些方法。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据“We often feel a little uneasy when receiving, although it is not very noticeable.”可知，接受时我们常常会感到有点不安，虽然不是很明显；由此推知当我们被赞美时，我们可能会不舒服地去接受赞扬。故选C。 【25题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“We should practice receiving all the pleasures that happen to us every day. Don’t  take them for granted.”可知我们应该练习接受每天发生在我们身上的所有快乐。不要认为这是理所当然的；“take them for granted”表示“不带感激地从中受益”。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据“We must remember it is harder to receive than to give, and try to practice receiving. This practice will benefit us greatly, making us become good receivers as’well as good givers.”可知，我们必须记住，接受比给予更难，并努力练习接受。这种做法将使我们受益匪浅，使我们成为一个好的接受者和好的施与者。由此可推断人们可以通过接受好的事物来改善人际关系。故选D。 【27题详解】 最佳标题题。根据全文内容和“This practice will benefit us greatly, making us become good receivers as well as good givers.”可知，本文讲了在生活中我们很容易成为一个给予者，而不善于接受；并介绍了如何学会接受一些方法。选项A“做一个好的接受者和给予者”符合文意。故选A。 北京十四中2023—2024学年度第二学期 期中检测 初二英语测试卷 B Swimming towards Victory Chen Xingrong won five medals, including a gold, at the 11th National Games for Persons with Disabilities and the 8th National Special Olympic Games. Born in Hainan Province, Chen Xingrong could not say a word until he was 2 years old. When Chen Xingrong was found autistic (自闭的), his parents were worried. In 2012, his father learned that swimming could help people with autism, so he spent months learning how to swim by watching videos and reading books. When Chen Xingrong was 5 years old, he began to learn how to swim with his father’s help. At the very beginning, he spent three months teaching his son, but all his efforts failed. To his surprise, after another three months, he discovered that his son had developed the ability to control his breath under water, which greatly increased his confidence, and swimming soon became a key activity of the family. His father planned all his exercises for him at first, but then it was all up to him. He decided how many exercises he wanted to do, and his parents respected his choices. It was a process of self-management. With his father’s help as well as his good self-management and perseverance (毅力), he succeeded in winning many medals in the swimming competitions. As well as swimming, learning basic life skills is also an important part of life fora teenager with autism. His father hopes that his son can live well on his own when he and his wife grow old. To help the public to know more about autistic people so as to reduce misunderstanding, he once organized about 500 people to watch an autism-themed film. Thanks to his father’s endless efforts, Chen Xingrong has learned to buy food in the market in their neighborhood. He also does voluntary jobs at supermarkets and fast-food restaurants, such as arranging shelves and cleaning dining tables.” He is good at skillfully arranging things. He is part of the community, and I hope he will live a wonderful life in the future.” his father says proudly. 26. How old was Chen Xingrong when he began to learn to swim? A. 2. B. 5. C. 8. D. 11. 27. Chen Xingrong succeeded because of ________. A. his hardworking training B. his confidence and efforts C. his own special gift for swimming D. his perseverance and his father’s help 28. From the passage, we can know ________. A. Chen Xingrong ran some supermarkets B. Chen Xingrong has learned swimming for three months C. Chen Xingrong has done some volunteer work in the community D. Chen Xingrong invited 500 people to watch an autism-themed film 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了从小有自闭症的陈兴融如何成为一名成功的游泳健将的故事。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据“When Chen Xingrong was 5 years old, he began to learn how to swim with his father’s help”可知，他5岁开始学游泳。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“With his father’s help as well as his good self-management and perseverance (毅力), he succeeded in winning many medals in the swimming competitions.”可知，他能成功，是因为他自身的毅力、良好的自我管理和他父亲的帮助。故选D。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据“He also does voluntary jobs at supermarkets and fast-food restaurants, such as arranging shelves and cleaning dining tables.”可知，他曾在超市和快餐店做过志愿者。故选C。 C Hats in Harvard The cold wind blew through the trees and between buildings. Winter was on its way, Amaya was warm in her house, thinking about an article she read at school. The article was about the kids who helped out their communities, and she thought it would be really cool to help her own town, Harvard. The only problem was that she wasn’t sure how to help. What could a kid do for her town? In the article, the kids grew food for people who needed it. But it was winter, she couldn’t start a garden. Amaya was still deep in thought when her mom said it was time to go shopping. On the road, Amaya saw a family walking on the sidewalk, wearing only light jackets. How cold they must be, Amaya thought. That gave her an idea! She could help her town. She could collect winter coats, hats, and gloves for people in Harvard who needed them. Amaya decided to talk to her teacher, because then she could share her idea with her classmates at least. Mrs. Monroe was very supportive when Amaya talked about her idea. She even said she could help Amaya talk to the principal (校长) about it, so they could get the whole school involved! They decided to call the project “Hats in Harvard” and they wrote up a letter explaining the idea to the families. Mrs. Monroe said they could even take a fieldtrip to parks around Harvard where families in need gathered to drop off the coats, hats, and gloves. Amaya was excited, and really hoped the principal, Mrs. Brown, would let the school participate (参加)! Mrs. Brown was excited about the idea, and said she would make sure copies of the letter went home with all the students! They collected the winter clothing for a few weeks, then were able to take their fieldtrip to two parks to leave the clothes where families who needed them could get them. Three day safer their fieldtrip, Amaya and her mom once again saw the same family walking together. This time, though, the family looked nice and warm in some new coats, hats, and gloves. Amaya felt a warm glow in her heart. 29. The article Amaya read was about ________. A. the cold weather in Harvard B. the communities in her town C. the trees and buildings near her house D. the kids who helped out their communities 30. To help her own town, Amaya ________. A. grew food for people who needed it B. wrote up a letter explaining her idea to the principal C. collected winter clothes for people who needed them D. went shopping with her mom to buy some new clothes 31. In the last paragraph, “Amaya felt a warm glow in her heart” shows ________. A. she felt sorry for poor people B. she felt warm with her coat and gloves C. she was happy because she could help others D. she was moved by the poor family 32. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. She got the idea on her way to the shop. B. People in need of winter clothes could get them in the park. C. The principal supported Amaya warmly. D. All the schools in the town participated the activity. 【答案】29. D 30. C 31. C 32. D 【导语】本文讲了阿玛亚通过自己的努力，为有需要的人收集冬天的衣服、帽子和手套，以此来给自己的小镇提供帮助。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The article was about the kids who helped out their communities”可知，阿玛亚读的那篇文章是关于帮助社区的孩子们的。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“She could collect winter coats, hats, and gloves for people in Harvard who needed them.”可知为了帮助自己的城镇，阿玛雅收集了冬衣给需要的人。故选C。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“This time, though, the family looked nice and warm in some new coats, hats, and gloves. Amaya felt a warm glow in her heart.”可知，帮助了别人，她感到高兴，故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Mrs. Brown was excited about the idea, and said she would make sure copies of the letter went home with all the students! ... who needed them could get them.”可知，只有阿玛亚的学校参与了活动，D选项“镇上所有学校都参加了活动。”错误，故选D。 D Most of us probably have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Some are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even he created with kindness. But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too. When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work—you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮层). It’s responsible for working memory and executive function(执行功能) tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you’re using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self-control to keep from blurting out(脱口而出) the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower. Vendemia, a neuroscientist at the University of South Carolina, did a research and has found that people’s mental workload will be heavier and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks such as making a study plan or using self-control to keep from spending too much time on computer games. Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they’ll soon learn that they can’t trust your praise. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars, so if you are viewed as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships. It’s widely agreed that nearly all cultures value honesty, and now science is revealing(揭示) how dishonesty influences the brain and your ability to build the trust on which strong relationships depend. So, even when lying doesn’t stretch your nose, it still comes at a price that you can’t afford. 33. The second paragraph is mainly about _________. A. why self-control benefits the brain B. what social influences lying can bring C. how the brain works when people lie D. when executive function comes into play 34. What can we learn about lying from the passage? A. Lying improves working memory. B. Covering lies takes much brainpower. C. The nature of lies is decided by the brain. D. People’s reaction can be sped up by lying. 35. The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_________”. A. lead to serious accidents B. help to win full support C. build up strong relationships D. have the opposite effect 36. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Signs of Lying B. Costs of Lying C. Causes of Lies D. Types of Lies 【答案】33. C 34. B 35. D 36. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒谎的代价，以及产生的影响。 【33题详解】 段落大意题。根据“When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work—you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex(前额叶皮层). ”（当你说真话的时候，你会想好你想说什么，然后就说出来。然而，撒谎需要更多的工作——你必须想出一个故事并记住它。很多工作都是在一个叫做前额皮质的大脑区域完成的）以及本段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了当人们撒谎时，大脑是如何工作的。故选C。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据“has found that people’s mental workload will be heavier and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks”可知人在掩盖谎言需要很多脑力。故选B。 【35题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. ”可知撒谎也有社会影响。即使是最善意的谎言有时也会有风险，结合“But if you do it often enough, they’ll soon learn that they can’t trust your praise. ”可知经常有善意的谎言会导致相反的结果，所以backfire和D选项的含义相同，故选D。 【36题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too.”可知无论你说什么样的谎言，都需要惊人的脑力才能实现，而且撒谎也会产生不必要的影响。所以B选项“撒谎的代价”符合，故选B。 北京一零一中2023-2024学年度第二学期期中 初二英语 B Abby felt worried when mom told her she had to get braces to help her teeth grow straight. After lunch, when students were playing basketball, Abby was so distracted by her worries that she didn’t even notice the ball hurtling toward her. “Ow,” she cried as the ball hit her in the face. “I’m so sorry,” said Tara. “I thought you saw it coming.” Abby rubbed her jaw. “It’s OK. My mouth is going to be hurting like crazy soon anyway.” “How come?” Tara asked. “I have to get braces next week,” Abby said, “I’m so worried. I can’t concentrate on anything else.” “What’s stressing you out about getting braces?” Tara asked. “EVERYTHING!” Abby exclaimed. “If you write down the exact things you’re worried about, maybe you can actually do something about them. I’ll help you make a list.” Tara said. Abby agreed. After school, they got together and made a very clear list of Abby’s worries: 1. Braces will make me look strange. 2. Everyone will make fun of me. 3. I’ll never be able to eat popcorn or sticky candy again. 4. I’ll have to spend every minute brushing and flossing my teeth. 5. Because of the braces, I’ll spend my life in pain. Then Abby had the world’s best idea. “How about we turn my worry list into a survey? We can ask kids with braces if they’ve experienced the things on my list.” During breaks the next day, they did the survey, and everyone seemed excited to participate. Here’s the survey result. 10 out of 10 kids agreed that it took only a few days to get used to their new look. Being made fun of wasn’t a problem for anyone. Everyone agreed that it does feel kind of strange and uncomfortable at first, but it’s really not that big of a deal. The only thing that no one could agree on was the best color for rubber bands on braces. The survey result definitely helped Abby to feel better. A few days later, she came to school with braces. Her purple bands looked fantastic. “Thank you, Tara.” Abby said, “It really helps to write down our worries and talk to other people who have the same problems.” 28. Abby felt __________ when she knew she had to get braces at first. A. shocked B. worried C. relaxed D. pleased 29. How did Abby deal with her problem? A. By making a list and helping some other kids. B. By visiting the doctor and removing the braces. C. By turning to her friend and asking her for help. D. By writing down her worries and doing a survey. 30. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Doing a survey is the best solution. B. Anyone is afraid of being laughed at. C. Positive action help get used to changes. D. All things are difficult before they’re easy. 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Abby因为要带牙套而十分焦虑，于是Tara帮助Abby把戴牙套的顾虑都写下来，然后Abby在同学中做了一个相关的调查，调查的结果让Abby放松了很多。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Abby felt worried when mom told her she had to get braces to help her teeth grow straight.”可知Abby得知自己要戴牙套时，感到很担忧。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“After school, they got together and made a very clear list of Abby’s worries...”和“How about we turn my worry list into a survey? We can ask kids with braces if they’ve experienced the things on my list.”可知Abby先列出自己的顾虑然后又和Tara做了一个调查，来解决自己的问题。故选D。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据“If you write down the exact things you’re worried about, maybe you can actually do something about them...Then Abby had the world’s best idea...The survey result definitely helped Abby to feel better... It really helps to write down our worries and talk to other people who have the same problems.”可知Abby在遇到困难后，在Tara的帮助下，积极想办法解决困难。选项C“积极的行动有助于适应变化。”符合文章主旨。故选C。 C On Christmas Eve, a team of reindeer (驯鹿) will help Santa Claus deliver gifts to children all around the world. The reindeer, led by their fearless leader Rudolph, won’t be the only ones doing something special. Back in the highest Arctic, their cousins have an extraordinary ability—changing their eye color. During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden, which helps bounce most of light off the eyes, effectively acting like a pair of natural sunglasses. As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their night vision and see clearly in low light conditions. With these adaptations, reindeer can get used and live in one of the most terrible environments on Earth. Unlike humans, reindeer can see well into the shorter Ultra Violet (UV紫外线) range. This UV vision enables them to locate food and enemies more effectively in the snow. Lichens (地衣), a key part of their winter diet, absorb UV, so they show up dark against UV-reflecting white snow. Wolf and polar bear fur also absorb UV, so instead of disappearing against snow, they pop out in high contrast, allowing reindeer to see possible threats from a distance. Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made of collagen fibers (胶原纤维). In winter, the collagen fibers become packed tighter. This change happens when reindeer widen their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return to a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amount of light entering the eyes. Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, is harmful to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way. So it is important for us to be careful of our use of electricity and make efforts to reduce light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these wonderful creatures. 31. What do we know from Paragraph 2? A. The shape of reindeer’s eyes changes with seasons. B. It is difficult for reindeer to live in low light conditions. C. Reindeer’s eyes appear golden in winter while blue in summer. D. The tapetum lucidum helps reindeer get used to seasonal changes. 32. What is the use of UV vision for reindeer? A. To help them see clearly on dark nights. B. To tell food of different colors apart quickly. C. To better locate food and enemies during snowy days. D. To protect their eyes from harmful sunlight in summer. 33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To show the reasons for the drop in reindeer population. B. To call on people to protect reindeer from light pollution. C. To present humans’ great efforts to reduce artificial lighting. D. To prove reindeer’s ability to get used to terrible environments. 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了驯鹿如何通过改变眼睛中荧光膜的颜色来适应极地的环境，以及如何利用这种特殊的视力来寻找食物和避免敌人。同时提醒我们需要注意电力使用，努力减少光污染，以保护这些生物的生存。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据“During the summer months, when the days are long and the sun is bright, reindeer’s tapetum lucidum (荧光膜), a mirror-like layer at the back of their eye, appears golden… As winter comes, and the days become shorter and darker, the tapetum lucidum turns blue to absorb more light, allowing reindeer to improve their night vision and see clearly in low light conditions.”可知，驯鹿的荧光膜能帮助它们适应季节性的变化，故选D。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Unlike humans, reindeer can see well into the shorter Ultra Violet (UV紫外线) range. This UV vision enables them to locate food and enemies more effectively in the snow.”可知，紫外线视觉能帮助驯鹿在雪天更有效地定位食物和敌人，故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Today, the increasing use of artificial lighting, especially during the winter months, is harmful to their sensitive eyes. It can make reindeer lose their way. So it is important for us to be careful of our use of electricity and make efforts to reduce light pollution to ensure the well-being and survival of these wonderful creatures.”可知，最后一段的目的是呼吁人们保护驯鹿免受光污染的影响，故选B。 D Being optimistic has its benefits, but anything can be taken to an extreme. Very often, when people open up about their problems or negative thoughts, the first reaction of the other person is often to try to console them that everything will work out. People who try to make the troubled person feel better don’t usually mean any harm, but they actually are forcing positivity on a person who can’t see the lighter side of the situation at that moment. And that’s when positivity becomes toxic (有毒的). Toxic positivity means stopping thinking about any negative emotions. It is believed that no matter how terrible a situation is, people should keep a positive mindset. For example, toxic positivity is like a thick layer of paint used in a hurry to a cracked wall. It may create the illusion (错觉) of a perfect surface, but the unsolved problems and the cracks still exist. Just as the paint fails to solve the structural problems of the wall, toxic positivity covers real emotions and removes the challenges faced by individuals. It provides an illusion of happiness without solving the potential problems, holding back personal growth and preventing true emotional healing (治愈). Unlike toxic positivity, real positivity recognizes the normality of experiencing various emotions and accept both positive and negative ones. It embraces a true and balanced mindset. Real positivity is not saying “Everything is absolutely fine” as the world falls apart around you. It is closer to “Everything is not fine, yet, my life is still under control. I can choose how I want to think about this situation and how I want to respond.” It is finding bravery and personal responsibility in moments when conditions are not perfect, and allowing individuals to face their challenges and solve the potential problems for true emotional healing. It is important to remember that true growth requires recognizing all emotions, both positive and negative. By allowing ourselves to feel and express our emotions, seeking reliable support, and addressing the underlying problems, we can overcome life’s challenges and find lasting happiness. 34. What does the underlined word “console” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. promise B. comfort C. warn D. upset 35. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 2? A. To present a method of facing challenges. B. To show the importance of being positive. C. To explain the possible harm of toxic positivity. D. To stress the difficulty of healing negative emotions. 36. How is toxic positivity different from real positivity? A. It helps to keep a balanced mindset. B. It fails to notice people’s true emotions. C. It manages to accept negative thoughts. D. It refuses to improve personal independence. 37. What does the author intend to tell us? A. True healing comes from accepting all emotions. B. A negative mindset gets in the way of our growth. C. Support from others inspires us to face challenges. D. Positive words give us bravery to address problems. 【答案】34. B 35. C 36. B 37. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了真正的成长需要认识到所有的情绪，包括积极的和消极的。通过让自己感受和表达自己的情绪，寻求可靠的支持，解决潜在的问题，我们可以克服生活中的挑战，找到持久的幸福。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Very often, when people open up about their problems or negative thoughts, the first reaction of the other person is often to try to console them that everything will work out.”可知当人们公开自己的问题或消极想法时，对方的第一反应往往是试图安慰他们，一切都会好起来的，故此处划线部分和comfort意义相近。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Toxic positivity means stopping thinking about any negative emotions...It provides an illusion of happiness without solving the potential problems, holding back personal growth and preventing true emotional healing”可知提到这个例子是为了说明有毒的积极没有解决潜在的问题，阻碍了个人成长，阻碍了真正的情感治愈，即是为了解释有毒的积极的可能危害。故选C。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Unlike toxic positivity, real positivity recognizes the normality of experiencing various emotions and accept both positive and negative ones”可知与有毒的积极性不同，真正的积极性认识到经历各种情绪的正常性，并接受积极和消极的情绪，可推知有毒的积极没有注意到人们的真实情绪。故选B。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“It is important to remember that true growth requires recognizing all emotions”以及文章内容可知，作者想要告诉我们真正的成长需要承认所有的情绪。故选A。 2023-2024学年北京二中教育集团八年级（下）期中英语试卷 (1) The Mogao Caves are a very special place in China, which are located in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. The Mogao Caves are thousands of years old and were listed as a world heritage (遗产) site by UNESCO in 1987. Many people, including archaeologists (考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them. Fan was born in Beijing on July 9,1938. Her father was a graduate of Tsinghua University and had a strong interest in Chinese classical art and culture. Influenced by her father, Fan liked visiting museums when she was in middle school. With the great love of Chinese culture, she studied in the archaeology department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends almost 60 years taking care of Dunhuang. People call her the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. On May 4, 2023, “Daughter of Dunhuang” Fan Jinshi returned to Peking University and brought back 10 million RMB donations to set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund (基金) to support the research of Dunhuang studies at Peking University. “Money made should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of themselves,” she said. “Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can make people know more about Dunhuang and raise cultural confidence of the nation.” 24. How long has Fan Jinshi worked at Dunhuang? A. For almost forty years. B. For about eighty years. C. For almost sixty years. D. For over seventy years. 25. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Archaeologists. B. The Mogao Caves. C. Researchers. D. World heritage sites. 26. Which is NOT the purpose of setting up Fan Jinshi Education Fund? A. To support the research of Dunhuang at Peking University. B. To help people not to think of themselves. C. To make people know more about Dunhuang. D. To raise cultural confidence of the nation. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了被誉为“敦煌女儿”的樊锦诗在保护莫高窟上所付出的努力和做出的贡献。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据“she studied in the archaeology department in Peking University and graduated in 1963. Then she started working at Dunhuang and has worked there ever since. She spends her years taking care of Dunhuang.”可知，1963年毕业于北京大学考古系，然后她开始在敦煌工作，从那时起就一直在那里工作；今年是2024年，由此推知她在敦煌工作了60多年。故选C。 【25题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Many people, including archaeologists (考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them.”可知，包括考古学家和研究人员在内的许多人都在努力保护莫高窟，并对它们有更多的了解；them代指的是前面提到的“the Mogao Caves”。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据“set up the Fan Jinshi Education Fund (基金) to support the research of Dunhuang studies at Peking University.”和“Hopefully the setting of the Fund can help Dunhuang studies at the university, so it can make people know more about Dunhuang and raise cultural confidence of the nation.”可知，设立基金是为了支持北京大学敦煌研究，让人们更多地了解敦煌，提高民族的文化自信。故选B。 (2) Talking to yourself isn’t just for humans—it’s for robots too. Italian researchers have developed a robot that can speak to itself, which enables users to hear its thought process (过程) and know how the robot makes decisions. “If you were able to hear what the robots are thinking, the robots might be more trustworthy(可信赖的),” one of the researchers Antonio Chella says. “The robots will be easier to understand for people who aren’t engineers. In other words, we can communicate and work with the robots better.” People talk to themselves when looking for clarity and moral (清晰的思维及道德方面的) guidance, and it helps in the decision-making process. The researchers set out to see how this could influence robots, so they developed one called Pepper, and they trained it to set a table. They then gave it the ability to say, in simple English, what it was “thinking” when completing a job. After studying the robot, the researchers found that Pepper was better at solving dilemmas (进退两难的困境) when talking to itself. One experiment saw a user ask Pepper to break table setting rules by putting a fork in the wrong place, which led to the robot asking itself several self-directed questions. It then decided that the user might be wrong, so it made sure the user didn’t give the wrong order before it went on talking to itself: “Emm, this situation is difficult to me. I would never break the rules, but I can’t make him unhappy either, so I’m doing what he wants,” Pepper said while putting the fork in the wrong place. The user can understand Pepper’s thoughts as it uses its inner voice to solve a dilemma, which the researchers say could lead to human-robot trust. Comparing Pepper’s performance with and without inner speech, Chella discovered that the robot worked faster with inner speech, which means when it was talking to itself. “People were very surprised by the robot’s ability,” Chella says. “The research makes the robot different from other machines because it has the ability to reason, to think. Inner speech could be useful in all the situations where we trust the computer or a robot for evaluation (评价) of a situation.” Although hearing the inner voice of robots enriches the human-robot interaction (互动的), some people might find it inefficient because the robot spends more time completing jobs when it talks to itself. The robot’s inner speech is also just the knowledge that researchers gave it. Still, Chella says their research lays the groundwork for more research into how self-dialogue can help robots pay attention, plan and learn. 27. What can we learn from the research? A. Inner speech helps the robot finish tasks better. B. The research can help people understand robots’ actions. C. The Italian researchers created a new language for robots. D. The robot helped study people’s decision-making process. 28. What does the underlined word “inefficient” mean? A. Not interesting. B. Not important. C. Not right. D. Not good. 29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Robots: Learn to Learn B. Robots: Think Out Loud C. Robots: Make Better Speeches D. Robots: Always Trust Humans 【答案】27. B 28. D 29. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了意大利研究人员设计了一种能自言自语的机器人。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The robots will be easier to understand for people who aren’t engineers. In other words, we can communicate and work with the robots better.”可知，这项研究可以帮助人们理解机器人的动作。故选B。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“because the robot spends more time completing jobs when it talks to itself.”可知，机器人在自言自语时，会花费更多的时间来完成工作，因此效率低下，故划线单词表示“效率低下”，与not good近义。故选D。 【29题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“Talking to yourself isn’t just for humans—it’s for robots too.”及“Italian researchers have developed a robot that can speak to itself, which enables users to hear its thought process and know how the robot make decisions.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了意大利研究人员设计了一种能自言自语的机器人，这使得用户能够听清它的思维过程及知道它是如何做决定的，因此B选项“机器人：大声思考”为最佳标题。故选B。 (3) Participation trophies (参与奖) appeared in children’s sports competitions about a century ago. They have been used to encourage and reward children for participating in funny and healthy activities. The trophies recognize students’ attendance (到场) and effort rather than their ability and the competition results. Since the 1990s, though, there has been an increasingly strong voice that participation trophies are making the kids “soft”. They ruin kids’ competitive spirit and make children too lazy to work hard to get things they want. The thinking often goes, “Every kid will think they are winners, so they will always feel that they are born to win, even if they don’t deserve (值得) to win.” However, this idea is worthy of much more thinking. Does anyone really think that kids are fooled into thinking their participation trophy is a gold medal? Kids are always smarter than that and always more aware of their social surroundings. They know that a participation trophy just says it was good for them to be here having fun. It doesn’t say everyone wins the first place. Kids are learning about their abilities and strengths every day. The idea that participation trophies keep kids from experiencing the “real world” is, in my view, one-sided. Participation trophies recognize that kids’ skill sets are wildly different and that we put kids in organized sports at young ages when their skills are still very much in development. Participation trophies celebrate every kid for being a part of the team or the activity, instead of their skill levels. And different from the idea that participation trophies keep kids from trying hard things, my opinion is the exact opposite. They send a message that there’s great value in trying something that you don’t love or that you may not succeed in. Encouraging kids to try and fail at things is the key to building their confidence by teaching them that failing is necessary for growth and learning. These trophies are a drop in the bucket (桶) for now, but their effects may be seen after the kids step into the grown-up world. As kids get older, their strengths and interests develop more clearly. At that time, they will join in more competitive activities in their professional fields, and they will know the world of, winning and losing. Participation trophies are protective of children’s mental health, by giving them soft places to land in the rocky journey of childhood. Kids need kindness from the adults in their lives. They need to know that they have inherent (与生俱来的) value and worth no matter what they achieve or produce. This view keeps children’s physical and mental well-being front and center right from the start, which couldn’t be more important if we are to raise mentally healthy children. 30. According to the passage, the participation trophies have been used to ________. A. celebrate kids’ ability and their competition results B. educate kids that everyone deserves to be a winner C. encourage kids to work hard to get things they want D. reward kids for joining the fun and healthy activities 31. The writer would probably agree that ________. A. participation trophies recognize that kids are born with value B. kids having participation trophies believe that they are winners C. kids having participation trophies will become mentally healthy D. participation trophies stop kids from experiencing the real world 32. What’s the passage mainly talking about? A. The power of participation trophies. B. The pressure of participation trophies. C. The enjoyment of participation trophies. D. The development of participation trophies. 【答案】30. D 31. C 32. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了参与奖对儿童的影响。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Participation trophies appeared in children’s sports competitions about a century ago. They have been used to encourage and reward children for participating in funny and healthy activities.”可知，参与奖用来奖励参加有趣和健康活动的孩子。故选D。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Participation trophies are protective of children’s mental health, by giving them soft places to land in the rocky journey of childhood...This view keeps children’s physical and mental well-being front and center right from the start, which couldn’t be more important if we are to raise mentally healthy children.”可知，作者可能同意获得参与奖的孩子将变得心理健康。故选C。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This view keeps children’s physical and mental well-being front and center right from the start, which couldn’t be more important if we are to raise mentally healthy children.”以及全文信息可知，参与奖可以保护孩子们的心理健康，因此本文主要介绍了参与奖对儿童的影响力。故选A。 2023-2024学年北京市房山区八年级下 期中英语试卷 (1) I have a golden dog named Bobby. He is an amazing dog and once saved me. I usually take him to a big natural park when I have time.He can remember all the routes (路线) in the park. When I park my car outside the park, he always jumps out of the car with excitement and goes in front of me,knowing where I would go. One day, I left the car in the same place to take a walk in the park. But Bobby seemed very strange. He didn’t want to go ahead in the park. I tried to call him but he just sat and kept barking at me. So I said, “Then, I will keep walking ahead.” I walked about 200 meters away while he was still barking. Then he suddenly rushed towards me, bit (咬) my trousers and crazily tried to pull my leg. He didn’t let me take another step. At last I had to give up walking ahead, but I still didn’t understand his action.“OK, you don’t want me to walk today. Let’s go home then.” He quickly went back towards the car, but he stopped every a few meters to see whether I was following him. Then, we went home safely. I couldn’t understand what he did in the park until the next morning. I was siting in a coffee shop and reading the newspaper. In the front﹣page was a big photo of a black bear. The reporter said that it appeared in the same park that day. “There was no accident and we took him out of the park.” A policeman said to the reporter. So now, I knew why Bobby was always tying to go ahead in the park. I didn’t see or hear any black bear. However, Bobby did very early！ Treat your dogs with kindness. Some day they will help you and even save you. 24. What does the writer think of the dog? _______ A. Strange. B. Amazing. C. Expensive. D. Crazy. 25. When the writer went ahead in the park, the dog _______. A. sat and kept barking at the writer B. went back and towards the car C. rushed towards the big black bear D. wanted to go ahead as usual 26. What can we learn from the passage? _______ A. Dogs are naughty and they have good sense of smell. B. Dogs always want to go in front of their owners. C. We should study dogs’ habits to know them. D.We should treat our dogs with kindness in our life. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 【导语】本文主要讲了作者和狗去公园时狗救了他的故事，并告诉我们要善待狗狗。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据“I have a golden dog named Bobby. He is an amazing dog and once saved me.”可知，作者认为这条狗很神奇。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He didn’t want to go ahead in the park. I tried to call him but he just sat and kept barking at me.”可知，当作者在公园里散步时，那条狗坐在那里，不停地对着作家狂吠。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Treat your dogs with kindness. Some day they will help you and even save you.”可知，我们在生活中应该善待我们的狗，总有一天他们会帮助你，甚至拯救你。故选D。 (2) As the world of technology is developing very fast, it brings out exciting new inventions which are building a better future. From e-books to robots, the newest inventions are pushing the boundaries (边界) of what we thought was possible. In this article, there are some of these amazing new inventions. Let’s find out the latest and greatest inventions that are shaping our future. Smart Schoolbag Forget to pack the books you need into your schoolbag in the morning huh? A schoolboy aged 11 has invented a schoolbag. It tells you which books to pack. A small computer and a scanner (扫描装置) are fixed in the bag. As each book is put into the bag, it is checked by the scanner. If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you. Weather Sweets Can you eat weather? A university makes that happen. It uses a 3D printer to create sweets based on the weather information of a certain day. The shapes of the sweets are affected (影响) by wind speed. The colors of the sweets are decided by temperature. The sweets act as a weather record of the day when they are made. Sunrise Bed It’s hard for you to get up in the morning, isn’t it? To help you get up, a company has created a kind of “future”—a sunrise bed. It wakes you up gently as a sunrise does. Lights built into the bed turn on and start to get brighter and brighter. When the lights are fully on, soft music will begin to play. It will be louder and louder until you turn it off. The company explains, “The gentle light tells your body that it is morning, so it stops producing a chemical that helps you sleep.” It’s exciting to think about all the amazing new inventions that are changing our world. These new technologies are making life easier, more fun and more connected and they make the future look bright. 27. According to the passage, the Smart Schoolbag can _______. A. help you repair computers B. tell you when to pack books C. teach you how to fix scanners D. remind you of the missing books 28. What can we learn from the passage? _______ A. The Smart Schoolbag scans books all by itself. B. Wind speed can decide the colors of Weather Sweets. C. People create a better future with these new technologies. D. The gentle light of Sunrise Bed helps people to sleep. 29. What is the passage mainly talking about? _______ A. Introduction of the newest inventions. B. Importance of technology companies. C. Purpose of changing our world. D. Development of smart schools. 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一些令人惊叹的新发明。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“If any book is missing, a message will be shown on the computer screen to remind you.”可知，智能书包可以提醒你未装到书包里的书。故选D。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据“These new technologies are making life easier, more fun and more connected and they make the future look bright.”可知，从这篇文章中我们能学到：人们用这些新技术创造了更美好的未来。故选C。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“In this article, there are some of these amazing new inventions. Let’s find out the latest and greatest inventions that are shaping our future.”可知，本文介绍最新的发明。故选A。 (3) People use laughter to communicate with others. It’s how we tell friends that we find their jokes funny,or how kids in a park show that they are having fun. Humans laugh to express many kinds of feelings, from happy to sad, from like to hate and so on. But how about animals? Do they also laugh? If they do laugh, is there a connection between animals’ laughing and playing? A study shows that not only humans but also some animals enjoy good laughter. Scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles UCLA, suggested that a number of animals can laugh. Through their research, they found that 65 kinds or groups of animals laugh while playing. The animals that laugh the most include monkeys, rats and dolphins. Animal sound sometimes is like a short laughter, but scientists said that not all of these are connected to playing. After all, animals sometimes make sound as if they are laughing but in fact, they are in danger, or perhaps they are using it to fight with animals that may eat them. Sasha Winkler, a scientist studying animal behavior, noticed that the small monkeys she worked with liked to play together by catching each other. While having fun together, they made panting sounds, almost like they were out of breath, which reminded Winkler of quiet laughter. In that sense, researchers pointed out very interesting ideas of laughter and panting. They believe that laughter comes from heavy breathing during play. Study suggests that many animals laugh so that their playing partner knows they are having fun. This is important because animal play can sometimes look like fighting. Laughter becomes a way for animals to stop harmful act when communicating with others. Some animals also make a “play face” like a smile to show that they are happy and not angry. One big difference between human laughter and animal laughter is that humans laugh much more loudly. Most sounds animals make during play are very quiet so they can only be heard by the animal they are playing with. But for humans, loud laughter is a sign that we’re part of a group. “It’s really amazing that so many animals have a similar function of sound during play,” said Winkler. “These special parts of animal laughter will also be an important area for future study.” 30. Animals sometimes make sound as if they are laughing when they want to _______. A. hide their true feelings B. play tricks on their partners C. interest more partners to join in D. warn animals that may eat them 31. The word “panting” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______. A. loud B. quiet C. breathless 32. What do you know about animal laughter from the passage? _______ A. All kinds of animals laugh when they are playing. B. It can be a way for animals to stop harmful act. C. Animals make sound of laugh louder than humans. D. It usually shows they are happy and not angry. 33. Why does the writer mention the difference in the last paragraph? _______ A. To lead to the topic of future research on laughter. B. To show the function of animal laugh during play. C. To explain that loud laughter is a sign for people to be in a group. D. To suggest that human should train animals to laugh while playing. 【答案】30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家经过研究发现动物也有笑的能力，尤其是在和同伴的玩耍的过程中，通过笑表达自己的情绪，文章还进一步分析了动物的笑和人类的笑的异同。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据“After all, animals sometimes make sound as if they are laughing but in fact, they are in danger, or perhaps they are using it to fight with animals that may eat them.”可知，动物有时发出的声音好像是在笑，但实际上，它们处于危险之中，或者它们可能用它来与可能吃掉它们的动物搏斗，也就是说动物发出这种像是在笑的声音是想要警告可能吃它们的动物。故选D。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“they made panting sounds, almost like they were out of breath”可知，它们发出喘息的声音，几乎像是上气不接下气，由此可知“panting”和breathless“喘不过气来的”意思相近。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Laughter becomes a way for animals to stop harmful act when communicating with others.”可知，在与其他动物交流时，笑声成为动物停止有害行为的一种方式。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据“These special parts of animal laughter will also be an important area for future study.”可知，动物笑声的这些特殊部分也将成为未来研究的重要领域，可推断出作者在最后一段提到了不同之处，来引出关于笑的未来研究的话题。故选A。 北京市明珠学校2023-2024学年八年级下学期期中综合素质评价 七、阅读理解(每小题1 分, 共20 分) A When it comes to the question on how you feel about the 7-day Spring Festival holiday, different people have different answers. Annie I can’t tell you how excited I went to Beijing with my parents. We went to many museums and tasted traditional Beijing food. The most exciting time was during our visit to Tian’anmen Square. How proud we felt to watch the national flag rising there! Tony I didn’t travel anywhere but stayed in my city, visiting friends and relatives(亲戚). It may be boring for some people. But I don’t think so. I like staying with my family. It was the happiest time during the short holiday. Bill I went to Mount Huang with my cousins. There, a foreign boy asked me the way. I felt so nervous to talk to him. At last, he said “Thank you and happy Spring Festival” to me. I think I should study English because it is really useful. Dan My parents took me to visit my grandparents in the countryside. When we arrived there, I couldn’t believe my eyes. I was surprised and sad to see the river polluted by some factories. I heard it crying for help. But what can I do? 43. What didn’t Annie do in Beijing? A. Had traditional food. B. Watched the national flag rising. C. Visited museums. D.Visited friends. 44. How did Bill feel when a foreign boy asked him the way? A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Nervous. D. Surprised. 45. The underlined word “it” refers to ________. A. the countryside B. the holiday C. the factory D. the river 46. What may Bill do later according to his words? A. Travel to a foreign country. B. Think about what to do for the village. C. Join an English club. D. Stay with his parents more often. 47. We can know from the passage that ________. A. Annie loves her country very much B. Tony didn’t do anything but stayed at home C. Bill’s parents took him to climb Mount Huang D. Dan felt good when he went back from his grandparents’ home 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四个人在春节期间的经历和感受。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据“We went to many museums and tasted traditional Beijing food. The most exciting time was during our visit to Tian’anmen Square. How proud we felt to watch the national flag rising there!”可知，Annie在春节期间去了北京，参观了博物馆，吃了北京的传统食物，看了升国旗，而没有拜访朋友。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据“I felt so nervous to talk to him.”可知，Bill感到很紧张。故选C。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“I was surprised and sad to see the river polluted by some factories.”可知，it是指上文提到的河流。故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据“I think I should study English because it is really useful.”可知，Bill可能以后会学习英语并做与英语学习有关的事情。故选C。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据“How proud we felt to watch the national flag rising there!”可知，Annie非常爱她的国家。故选A。 B When you are feeling unhappy or forget how great you are, these six ways can help make you feel good about yourself. • Look in the mirror and say to yourself, “I am a special person and there is no one in the world like me. I can do anything,” It may not sound so good, but it really works. • Do something nice for someone. Helping others always makes you feel good. • Smile! Be friendly to people you meet. Look for the good things in your friends and family. • Learn something new! Have you always wanted to design your own room or learn how to swim? Go for it! New challenges (挑战) are fun and give you a sense of accomplishment when you have finished! • Start to write a story. Turn off the TV and let your imagination(想象) fly! Write down your thought, dreams or anything you want! It can help to express (表达) your feelings. • Stay with your family. We all need our family time. Talk with your mom or dad or maybe even your cousin. 48. The passage may be from ________. A. a science book B. a magazine C. a story book D. school rules 49. According to this passage, when you are helping others, you will ________. A. be special B. be sure C. feel tired D. feel nice 50. What do the underlined words “a sense of accomplishment” mean in Chinese? A. 成就感 B. 忧伤感 C. 挫折感 D. 信任感 51. Which of the following should you say “NO” to when you are unhappy? A. You should always look for the good things of others. B. Stay alone at home as much as possible. C. Learn something new and go for it! D. Keep a diary to express your feelings. 52. What is the best title for the passage? A. Do Your Best to Make Friends. B. It’s Never Too Late to Learn. C. Six Ways to Feel Good about Yourself. D. Always Smile to Your Life. 【答案】48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 【分析】本文主要介绍了当你感到不开心或忘记自己有多伟大时，可以帮助你自我感觉良好的六种方法：照镜子，对自己说：“我是一个特别的人”；为某人做点好事；微笑；学习新东西；开始写故事；与家人呆在一起。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。文中讲述了当你感觉不愉快时或者是忘记自己是个很棒的人时，帮助你自我感觉良好6种方法，故判断应该是本文来自一本杂志，故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第3段“Do something nice for someone. Helping others always makes you feel good.”可知，当你帮助别人时，你会感觉很好，故选D。 【50题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第5段第4句“New challenges are fun and give you a sense of accomplishment when you have finished.”可知，当你完成新的挑战时一定会有成就感，“a sense of accomplishment”意思是“成就感”；故选A。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第7段“Stay with your family.”可知，B.“ 尽量一个人呆在家里。”错误；故选B。 【52题详解】 最佳标题。本中讲述了当你感觉不愉快时或者是忘记自己是个很棒的人时你可以做的6种事情，可知本文最佳标题是《六种自我感觉良好的方法》。故选C。 C Holidays with friends can be great fun and a good way of getting to know each other better. Planning the trip well will help you have a good time. Also it will help you to save money if you start planning earlier. Going abroad will cost more but be a more exciting experience. Don’t go abroad if this is the first trip you help to organize. Going to a different place in your own country can also be fun and will be cheaper. Work out how many people you will be able to plan the trip for. Find out how much interest there is for people to go on the trip, and then invite people who you think will enjoy themselves and who you get on well with. Everyone will have their own idea of what they want the trip to be like, so you should have a meeting. Keep a notebook and write down things to do. If you share ideas with others, you will take a happier trip. After you decide on your hotel, you’ll know the dates of your stay and be able to book transport, such as bus, train and airplane. Booking transport earlier can save some money, so you’d better book as soon as possible. 53. According to paragraph 1, what may we get if we can plan the trip earlier? A. Spend less money. B. Save lots of time. C Get more information. D. Make more friends. 54. What does the underlined word “organize” mean? A. 宣传 B. 组织 C. 开发 D. 构思 55. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Decide where to go. B. Find out who will go. C. Choose the way for the trip. D. Know others’ ideas for the trip. 56. What’s the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 57. Which is the best title for the passage? A. A Special Trip B. The Fun during the Trip C. Enjoy Your Trip D. Preparations for a Trip 【答案】53. A 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何计划旅行的一些方法和建议。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Also it will help you to save money if you start planning earlier.”可知，提前计划可以节省花销。故选A。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Don’t go abroad if this is the first trip you help to organize”可知，如果这是你第一次帮助组织的旅行，就不要出国，所以organize表示“组织”。故选B。 【55题详解】 段落大意题。根据“Everyone will have their own idea of what they want the trip to be like, so you should have a meeting”可知，本段主要介绍的是要了解别人对旅行的想法。故选D。 【56题详解】 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题；第二段至第四段分别提出了几种建议，所以本文的结构是总—分。故选C。 【57题详解】 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何计划旅行的一些方法和建议，所以D选项“旅行准备”符合本文标题。故选D。 D There is lots of junk (垃圾) in space. Some of it is from rockets. In 1996, a rocket broke into about 300,000 small pieces. So far, scientists have found over 10,000 man-made pieces flying around in space. Only 6%~7% of them are satellites and space probes (探测器). Astronauts also lose small things while working in space. In 1965, during the first American spacewalk, astronaut Edward White lost a glove. For a month, the glove stayed in space, travelling at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour. It became the most dangerous piece of clothing for the earth in history it flew away. Things move very fast in space. If they hit (碰撞) one another,it can be dangerous. A little piece of paint from a satellite once made a hole in a spacecraft window. Last year two US spacecrafts dropped some bolts (螺栓), and scientists on the earth worried a lot. Luckily the bolts floated (漂浮) away into space. They could not hit the spacecraft. 58. Some junk in space is from ________. A. space B. rockets C. scientists D. earth 59. American astronaut Edward White once lost ________ in space in 1965. A. a rocket B. some bolts C. a glove D. a little piece of paint 60. The glove in space may travel at a speed of ________ kilometers per hour. A. 300,000 B. 28,000 C. 10.000 D. 21,000 61. If the junk in space hits one another, it can be ________. A. great B. interesting C. safe D. dangerous 62. A little piece of paint from a satellite once made ________ in a spacecraft window. A. a scientist B. a bolt C. a probe D. a hole 【答案】58. B 59. C 60. B 61. D 62. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了太空里有很多垃圾，有一些来自火箭还介绍了有位美国宇航员在太空丢了只手套的状况，手套在太空以每小时两万八千千米的速度行驶，如果碰撞到其他的物体是非常危险的。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据“There is lots of junk(垃圾) in space. Some of it is from rockets”可知有一些太空的垃圾来自火箭。 故选B。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In 1965, during the first American spacewalk , astronaut Edward White lost a glove”可知美国宇航员丢了一只手套。故选C。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据“For a month, the glove stayed in space, travelling at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour”可知手套在太空是以每小时二万八千千米的速度行驶。故选B。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据“If they hit （碰撞） one another , it can be dangerous”可知如果在太空中一个垃圾撞上另一个会非常危险。故选D。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A little piece of paint from a satellite once made a hole in a spacecraft window”可知制作了一个洞。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$