精品解析：四川省绵阳市三台中学2024-2025学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题

2023级高二下期第一次学月考试 英语试卷 本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，其中试题卷共12页；答题卡共3页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚，同时用2B铅笔将考号准确填涂在“考号”栏目内。 2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再选涂其它答案：非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 3.考试结束后将答题卡收回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题并阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will the woman pay? A. In cash. B. By cheque. C. By credit card. 2. What instrument does Harry play? A. The piano. B. The guitar. C. The violin. 3. What will the boy do at school on Tuesday? A. Play football. B. Swim. C. Practice singing. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a ship. B. On a train. C. On a plane. 5. What does the man imply? A. They shouldn't give the material to customers. B. It is better to read the material once more. C. The material may hurt the customer. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Tour guide and tourist. 7. What does the man think of the exhibition? A. Ordinary. B. Boring. C. Enjoyable. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did Jack do this morning? A. He took a math test. B. He visited a volcano. C. He did an experiment. 9. What does Jack's dad usually do at weekends? A. He's busy with office affairs. B. He goes to the library alone. C. He stays at home and reads. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. How to hold a wedding. B. What to buy for a wedding. C. When to attend a wedding. 11. What do we know about the woman? A. She knew little about Jill. B. She went to university with Tony. C. She knows Tony and Jill better. 12. What kind of wedding does the woman like? A. A big one. B. A small one. C. An amusing one. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the man plan to go to a night market this weekend? A. He wants to buy some secondhand things. B. He decides to buy some big-ticket items. C. He thinks it amazing to eat and bargain there. 14. What do Westerners bargain about according to the man? A. Daily supplies. B. Necessary items. C. High-value products. 15. What is the difference between a night market and a flea market? A. Flea markets are held in the daytime only. B. Flea markets only provide used things. C. Night markets only happen on weekends. 16. What does the woman mean at the end of the conversation? A. Trash and treasure go hand in hand. B. Different people have different needs. C. Trash is equal to treasure to a degree. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker doing? A. Giving traveling tips. B. Introducing a university. C. Presenting a tour plan. 18. What should the listeners avoid doing? A. Making phone calls. B. Asking questions. C. Taking photos. 19. What can the listeners do after lunch? A. Read books. B. Buy gifts. C. Visit the student center. 20. What can the listeners do before the tour? A. Take a walk. B. Visit student dormitories. C Have a coffee. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Geo Rutherford’s short video series “Scary Lakes” has become a huge hit, receiving over 70 million likes and 1.7million followers. In her exploration, she reveals the scariness within lakes that comes from natural elements rather than fictional monsters. Let’s explore some of the remarkable lakes she features: 1. Lake Baikal, Siberian Russia It’s the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake. With more than 300 rivers flowing into it, one might expect it to be filled with sediment (沉淀物), but it’s located on a valley that’s pulling apart. The valley’s movement causes the sediment to be drawn into the Earth, maintaining the lake’s great depth. The actual bottom of the valley that contains this lake is potentially one of the deepest in the world. 2. Lake Vostok, Antarctica It’s under two miles of ice. It’s a fascinating place that we can’t possibly imagine. For more than 20 years, Russian scientists tried to drill a hole down to this lake. Russians could barely reach it properly because when they dig the ice to the lake, the water flows back into the hole and freezes. 3. Lake Superior, United States Lake Superior is different from the other Great Lakes because of its late season storms. In November, there are these crazy snowstorms that make ships disappear under the surface. Even though it’s only 500 feet below the surface, you’re not allowed to visit it because it can be considered a bury yard for those who died there. 1. What prevents Lake Baikal from being filled with sediment? A. The depth of the lake. B. The flowing rate of the lake water. C. The location on a moving valley. D. The strong water flow of the 300 rivers. 2. What makes Lake Superior different from the other Great Lakes? A. Its surface. B. Its snowstorms. C. The sunk ship. D. A bury yard. 3. Where might the passage be from? A. A nature magazine. B. A travel brochure. C. A research paper. D. A science fiction. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三大“恐怖湖”。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Lake Baikal, Siberian Russia部分的“With more than 300 rivers flowing into it, one might expect it to be filled with sediment (沉淀物), but it’s located on a valley that’s pulling apart. The valley’s movement causes the sediment to be drawn into the Earth, maintaining the lake’s great depth.(有300多条河流汇入其中，人们可能会以为它会充满沉淀物，但它却位于一个正在张裂的山谷之中。山谷的运动导致沉淀物被吸入地球内部，从而保持了湖泊的巨大深度。)”可知，位于裂开的峡谷这个位置因素防止了它被沉淀物填满。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Lake Superior, United States部分的“Lake Superior is different from the other Great Lakes because of its late season storms.(苏必利尔湖与其他大湖不同，因为它有季末的暴风雪。)”可知，苏必利尔湖与其他大湖的不同之处在于它的季末暴风雪。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了Geo Rutherford短视频系列“Scary Lakes”中探讨的一些令人印象深刻的湖泊及其自然特征。这些内容更符合自然杂志的风格和内容。故选A。 B It’s been a very hard and emotional year for me. My mum had been ill for 6 years and over that time she and I went to countless treatments and surgeries. She battled through them all with so much grace and seemed to beat each new cancer that popped up. But this year was different. Things changed dramatically and she lost her battle after 4 very intense and exhausting months. During the time my husband and I were caring for her, my poor old car developed problems too. I pushed it for months since I didn’t have time to be off the road. Long story short, a new light appeared. This one was the engine light. I was no longer needing my car the way I had so I decided to call my repairman about it. He asked me to bring the car in the next morning. When I arrived, he saw me parking from the office and immediately stopped what he was doing and came out. I’d expected to wait inside while he finished what he was doing but he recognized my car and came to me. I asked him how he was as I’d not seen him in 6 months or more. He told me how busy it was. But when he asked me, I immediately started to well up. He looked at me and I told him it had been a heartbreaking year. He told me about losing his grandparents so I shared as well. He gave me the not so great diagnosis of my car, told me to keep an eye on it, touched my arm and gave me a hug. His small act of kindness was giving me his attention, something he probably thought nothing of, but to me, it was huge. His genuine care and concern gave me a glimmer of light during a time when life was feeling so dark. 4. What was the main challenge the author faced this year? A. Losing her mother. B. Struggles with health. C. Problems with the car. D. Facing financial stress. 5. Why did the author put off repairing her car? A. She didn’t trust the repairman’s techniques. B. She couldn’t afford to repair it at the time. C. She couldn’t find time due to family duties. D. She didn’t take the problem seriously. 6. What does the underlined phrase “well up” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Burst out laughing. B. Get extremely frightened. C. Become tearful. D. Feel suddenly energetic. 7. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Taking responsibilities can be a stressful thing. B. Life’s challenges often come from unexpected situations. C. Building strong relationships helps solve problems. D. Acts of kindness can provide comfort during difficult times. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲因为癌症去世，作者十分伤心，结果修理工的一个善举给作者带来的光明。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Things changed dramatically and she lost her battle after 4 very intense and exhausting months.(事情发生了戏剧性的变化，在经历了4个非常紧张和疲惫的月后，她输掉了战斗)”可知，作者今年面临的主要挑战是失去母亲。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“During the time my husband and I were caring for her, my poor old car developed problems too. I pushed it for months since I didn’t have time to be off the road.(在我和丈夫照顾她的那段时间里，我那辆可怜的旧车也出了问题。我推迟了几个月，因为我没有时间上路)”可知，由于家庭责任，作者抽不出时间，所以推迟修理她的汽车。故选C。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“He looked at me and I told him it had been a heartbreaking year.(他看着我，我告诉他这是令人心碎的一年)”可知，这是作者心碎的一年，所以对方问起作者时，作者因为伤心而泪流满面。故划线词意思是“泪流满面”。故选C。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“His small act of kindness was giving me his attention, something he probably thought nothing of, but to me, it was huge. His genuine care and concern gave me a glimmer of light during a time when life was feeling so dark.(他的小小善举引起了我的注意，他可能没有想到这一点，但对我来说，这是巨大的。在我感到生活如此黑暗的时候，他真诚的关心给了我一线光明)”结合文章主要讲述了作者的母亲因为癌症去世，作者十分伤心，结果修理工的一个善举给作者带来的光明。可知，这篇文章主要讲了善举可以在困难时期提供安慰。故选D。 C It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage. Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself. But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study. What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease. 8. What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph? A. They can make a difference in marketing. B. They hardly affect people’s food choices. C. They are unlikely to fool wise customers. D. They finally decrease people’s purchase desire. 9. What does the second paragraph basically serve as? A. An argument. B. An example. C. A comparison. D. A comment. 10. Which statement will Biswas probably agree with? A. The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from. B. The senses of taste and smell are closely linked. C. The influence of food smells changes over time. D. The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it. 11. Which of the following could the best title for the text? A. Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food B. Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools C. Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower D. Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.”（这种反应已经被研究，你最好相信你最喜欢的快餐连锁店的营销团队利用该研究为自身谋利。）可知，垃圾食品公司知道他们产品的气味会激起人们的购买欲望，在营销中也会利用这一特点谋利。故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Let’s take a closer look at this process.”（让我们仔细看看这个过程。）并结合下文内容可知，本段以人们的切身经历为例，具体说明垃圾食品的气味对人们的购买行为产生的影响。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中最后一句“The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods”（一系列的实验结果表明，闻垃圾食品的气味超过两分钟会导致对不健康食品的购买欲降低）可知，Biswas 发现闻垃圾食品的气味的时间变长，人们购买的欲望就降低，即：食物气味的影响会随着时间变长而改变，故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句“Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods”（延长闻放纵型食品的时长会给大脑带来满足，这种满足感会降低购买该种产品的欲望。）并结合上文实验结果可知，本文主要介绍的是长时间闻垃圾食品的气味会降低消费者的购买欲望。故选D。 D The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 12 For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A. They invented artificial neural networks. B. They discovered biological neural networks. C. They both are excellent experts in the field of statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 13. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. John Hopfield’s devotion and achievement. B. How modern generative AI revolution began. C. Geoffrey Hinton’s research on neural network. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 14. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Finding a key algorithm which could select weights. B. Creating a new model that could generate new patterns. C. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. D. Discovering an approach to training artificial neural networks. 15. According to the passage, what is the influence of awarding the prize to Hopfield and Hinton? A. More people will be inspired to study physics. B. Simulations of systems will be faster and more accurate. C. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了两位科学家因为将物理学方法应用于人工神经网络研究取得开创性发现和发明而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第一段“The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics.(10月8日，2024年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予两位研究人员，以表彰他们在人工神经网络领域的基础性发现和发明。尽管人工神经网络是以生物神经网络为模型的，但两位研究人员的工作都借鉴了统计物理学，因此获得了物理学奖。)”可知，他们获奖的原因是用物理学的方法研究人工神经网络。故选D。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。 根据文章第二段“The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution.(物理学家John Hopfield运用物理学理论来研究一种特定的神经网络，现在被称为霍普菲尔德网络（Hopfield Network，HNN），该网络解释了神经元系统如何相互作用以产生稳定的记忆。在20世纪80年代，Geoffrey Hinton及其同事在霍普菲尔德理论的基础上，创建了一类新的模型。与能够存储模式并纠正模式中错误的霍普菲尔德网络不同，新模型能够生成新的模式，从而为现代生成式人工智能（AI）革命埋下了种子。)”可知，本段主要讲述了现代生成式人工智能革命是如何开始的。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第三段的“However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began.(然而，训练多层人工神经网络仍然具有挑战性。在21世纪，Hinton和他的同事们聪明地发现了一种方法，深度学习革命开始了。)”可知，找到了一种训练多层人工神经网络的方法导致了深度学习革命。故选C。 15题详解】 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段“By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world.(通过将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton，评奖委员会表达了对人类利用这些进步来促进人类福祉和构建一个可持续世界的潜力的期望。)”可知，将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton可能会产生的影响是希望人们将利用这一发展造福地球。故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As much as 80 percent of premature (提前的) heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. ____16____ As experts pointed out, a small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run. Get eight hours of sleep. When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful. If you are lacking in sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and sugar levels. ____17____ Engage in volunteer work. ____18____ Also, loneliness is a risk factor for heart health. Luckily, volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network. In the meanwhile it gives you a feeling of purpose in life, which is linked to a lower possibility of heart attack and stroke. ____19____ Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other healthy risks, such as high blood pressures. Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality inside is poor. Eat breakfast. A recent study found that healthy people who didn’t have breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who ate a large morning meal. If you’re eating a proper breakfast, you’re less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices. ____20____ Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. A. Avoid polluted air. B. Engage in indoor activities. C. These strategies are beneficial to our health. D. But others may be less familiar to you. E. We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. F. These factors can all have an impact on the function of heart. G. Doing good for others helps increase your self-worth and relieves stress. 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. G 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了几条在日常生活中预防心脏病的小策略：充足的睡眠，参与志愿者活动，避免污染的空气，膳食均衡的早餐。 【16题详解】 前文“Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.(一些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的)”提到的“锻炼和控制体重”是一些需要坚持的大策略，而设空后文“As experts pointed out, a small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run.(专家指出，从长远来看，日常生活中的一个小改变可能会产生很大的影响)”则提出了一些小改变，由此推知，设空句应是一个承前启后的句子，既认可前文的大策略，也会转折引出“专家指出的小改变”。选项D“But others may be less familiar to you.(但有些（其他方法）人们可能不太熟悉)”为转折句，“others”呼应后文内容，在句意上可以承前启后。故选D项。 【17题详解】 前文“If you are lacking in sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and sugar levels.(如果你睡眠不足，我们的身体也会更难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平) 列举了睡眠不足对血压、炎症和血糖的影响，设空句紧跟其后，应是会将这些消极影响与文章核心“心脏”相联系，即讲述这些对心脏的危害。选项F“These factors can all have an impact on the function of heart.(这些因素都会对心脏功能产生影响)”中“These factors”指代前文内容，且讲述了不良影响。故选F项。 【18题详解】 前文“Engage in volunteer work.(参与志愿者工作)”为该段主旨句，提到了参与志愿者活动这一话题，设空句则应是讲述其好处，以使该策略具有说服力。选项G“Doing good for others helps increase your self-worth and relieves stress.(为他人做好事有助于提高你的自我价值，缓解压力)”提到了志愿服务对心理和社会层面的益处，具有说服力，置于段中，前后衔接紧密。故选G项。 【19题详解】 设空为该段主题句，应是该段的主旨概括。根据后文“Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other healthy risks, such as high blood pressures.(长期暴露在这种污染中会增加患心脏病的风险。对于已经有其他健康风险的人来说，即使是短时间的接触也不健康，比如高血压)”讨论空气污染对心脏病的危害，由此可知，该段的主旨应是“避免污染空气”。选项A“Avoid polluted air.(避免污染空气)”直接点明主题。故选A项。 【20题详解】 后文“Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.(选择全麦、低脂的早餐食物，包括水果)”举例提到了具体的早餐安排，设空句作为其前文内容，应是其概况性内容，即膳食均衡的早餐。选项E“We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle.(作为健康生活方式的一部分，我们需要均衡饮食)”在句意上符合分析，与后文衔接自然。故选E项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Milo is a dog, adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift from an animal shelter. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo immediately ____21____ to the house across the street. Milo seemed ____22____, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his tail. “He started scratching (抓) the front door,” Swift says. “I’m thinking, why is he insistently trying to ____23____ her house?” She was embarrassed for not everyone wants a(n) ____24____ dog to leave marks on their property. But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a voice yelling “help” coming through an open upstairs window. Hours ____25____, around 4 a.m., Sherry Starr had risen from her bed. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, I ____26____,” she says. “I slumped on the floor.” Starr is 85. “I could not move at all”, says Starr, who was ____27____ between the toilet and the tub. Starr was scared and thought she was going to die there. Her best ____28____, she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream. For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling: “Help! Help! Helllp!” “Her voice was very ____29____,” says Swift. “You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr yell for help ____30____ you were Milo, the dog.” It ____31____ heard Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. Swift called 911. Rescuers thought they’d have to break down the toilet to ____32____ Starr, but they gave one last pull — and out she popped. Though injured, Starr ____33____ a trip to the hospital. Swift has known her share of ____34____ for living alone. Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief too. “That dog is a ____35____,” she says. 21. A. ran B. walked C. leaned D. wandered 22. A. anxious B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited 23. A. setting off B. turning over C. keeping off D. breaking into 24. A. adorable B. strange C. angry D. reliable 25. A. later B. earlier C. on D. away 26. A. jumped B. hesitated C. slipped D. swept 27. A. lost B. tired C. stuck D. secured 28. A. bet B. interaction C. result D. prediction 29. A. loud B. faint C. special D. distinct 30. A. if B. though C. as D. unless 31. A. ultimately B. quietly C. gradually D. accurately 32. A. edge B. detect C. remove D. observe 33. A. took B. favored C. obeyed D. declined 34. A. barrier B. passion C. suffering D. pressure 35. A. blessing B. danger C. bother D. pleasure 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只小狗听到对面邻居家微弱的呼救声，从而使摔倒在厕所的85岁邻居得救的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年11月的一个早晨，Swift打开了她在马里兰州银泉的前门，米洛立即跑到街对面的房子里。A. ran跑；B. walked走；C. leaned倾斜；D. wandered徘徊。根据下文“so he ran to the one next door”可知，Swift一打开门，狗就迅速的跑出去了。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：米洛显得焦急不安，于是他跑向隔壁那家，Swift紧跟在他的后面。A. anxious焦急的；B. terrified害怕；C. embarrassed尴尬；D. excited兴奋的。 根据下文““He started scratching the front door,” Swift says.”可知，米洛抓邻居的前门，故它感到很焦急。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在想，“他为什么试图破门而入呢？”A. setting off出发；B. turning over翻身；C. keeping off避开；D. breaking into破门而入。根据上文“He started scratching the front door”可知，米洛试图破门而入。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很尴尬，因为不是每个人都希望一只奇怪的狗在他们的财产上留下痕迹。A. adorable可爱的；B. strange奇怪的；C. angry生气的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“he ran to the one next door”及“He started scratching the front door”可知，米洛的行为非常奇怪。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：几个小时前，凌晨4点左右，Sherry Starr从床上起床。A. later后来；B. earlier早些时候；C. on穿着；D. away离开。根据上文“One morning in November 2021”以及“around 4 a.m., Sherry Starr had risen from her bed.”可知，狗冲出房子是在早上，而Sherry Starr起床是在大约凌晨四点，相较于狗冲出房子大约是在几小时前。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，站在马桶和浴缸之间，我滑倒了。A. jumped跳；B. hesitated犹豫；C. slipped滑到；D. swept扫。根据下文“I slumped on the floor.”可知，Sherry Starr瘫倒在地板上是因为她滑到了。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我根本无法移动”，被困在马桶和浴缸之间的Starr说。A. lost丢失；B. tired疲惫；C. stuck卡住；D. secured保护。根据上文“I could not move at all”可知，Sherry Starr是被卡住了。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定，最好的办法就是在下午听送信人的声音，然后大声呼喊。A. bet赌注；B. interaction相互作用；C. result结果；D. prediction预测。one’s best bet“最好的办法”为固定短语，根据空后“was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream”可知，她想在下午听送信人的声音，然后大声呼喊，这是她能想到的最好的办法。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Swift说她的声音很微弱。A. loud大声的；B. faint微弱的；C. special特殊的；D. distinct明显的。根据下文“You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr yell for help”可知，此时Sherry Starr声音已经很微弱了。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：你必须在前门才能听到Sherry Starr的呼救声，除非你是米洛，这只狗。A. if如果；B. though虽然；C. as因为；D. unless除非。根据上文“You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr yell for help”可知，屋内声音非常小，此处想要表达除非你是一只狗，否则只有当你在前门时才能听到呼救声。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Swift一打开自家的门，米洛就准确地听到了Starr的呼救声。A. ultimately最终；B. quietly安静地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accurately准确地。根据上文“Milo immediately ___1___ to the house across the street.”可知，Swift一开门，米洛就跑去了Starr的门前想要进入，故米洛是准确地听到了Starr的呼救声。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援人员认为他们必须打破厕所才能将Starr移走，但他们给了最后一拉——她弹出了。A. edge徐徐移动；B. detect检测；C. remove移走；D. observe观察。根据空前“Rescuers thought they’d have to break down the toilet”可知，救援人员想要打破厕所是为了移走Starr。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管受伤，Starr拒绝去医院。A. took拿走；B. favored赞成；C. obeyed服从；D. declined拒绝。根据上文“Though injured”可知，与下文是转折关系，即虽然受伤但是拒绝去医院。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Swift深知独自生活的痛苦。A. barrier障碍；B. passion激情；C. suffering痛苦；D. pressure压力。根据下文“Two years ago, her mother died.”可知，两年前Swift的母亲去世了，她肯定是痛苦的。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，“那只狗是一个恩赐。”A. blessing祝福，恩赐；B. danger危险；C. bother麻烦；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief too.”可知，小狗帮她克服悲伤，拥有这只小狗是一件幸福和幸运的事，对她而言，是一个上天的恩赐。故选A。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A skull of the dinosaur, named Guemesia ochoai, was discovered in Argentina. Researchers said it likely belongs to a meat-eating, or carnivorous, group of dinosaurs ____36____ (call) abelisaurs. These dinosaurs walked on two legs and had very short arms, even ____37____ (short) than those of North America’s Tyrannosaurus rex. The short arms may have forced Guemesia ____38____ (depend) more on its powerful skull and jaws. “Guemesia is so different ____39____ other meat-eating dinosaurs, which allows us to understand that we’re dealing with a ____40____ (total) new species,” said Agnolin Federico, the lead writer of a study on the dinosaur that was published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. The animals existed for a few million years before ____41____ asteroid (小行星) hit what is now Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. That event, about 66 millions years ago, led to a series of ____42____ (disaster) that killed all the dinosaurs and many other animals. In total, about 75 percent of Earth’s species ____43____ (destroy) as a result of the asteroid. Scientists believe abelisaurs lived on what is now Africa, South America and India. Several abelisaurs have been dug up in Argentina in the past but almost all of them were in southern Patagonia, far from the site ____44____ Guemesia was found. Guemesia takes its name from Argentine independence hero Martin Miguel de Guemes and Javier Ochoa, a museum worker who made the ____45____ (discover). 【答案】36. called 37. shorter 38. to depend 39. from 40. totally 41. an 42. disasters 43. were destroyed 44. where 45. discovery 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是阿根廷科学家发现了一种生活在大约7000万年前新的食肉恐龙的古代遗骸。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员表示，它可能属于一种叫做阿贝龙的食肉恐龙。句中谓语是belongs to，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，dinosaurs和call之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填called。 【37题详解】 考查比较级。句意：这些恐龙用两条腿走路，手臂很短，甚至比北美的雷克斯暴龙还短。由than可知，空格处用比较级shorter，故填shorter。 【38题详解】 考查不定式。句意：短臂可能迫使Guemesia更多地依靠其强大的头骨和下颚。force sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“迫使某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to depend。故填to depend。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：发表在Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology上的一篇关于这种恐龙的研究报告的主要作者Agnolin Federico说：“Guemesia与其他食肉恐龙非常不同，这让我们明白，我们面对的是一个全新的物种。”be different from是固定短语，意为“和……不同”，因此空格处是介词from，故填from。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：发表在Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology上的一篇关于这种恐龙的研究报告的主要作者Agnolin Federico说：“Guemesia与其他食肉恐龙非常不同，这让我们明白，我们面对的是一个全新的物种。”空格处用副词totally修饰形容词new，totally意为“完全”，故填totally。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在小行星撞击现在的墨西哥尤卡坦半岛之前，这种动物已经存在了几百万年。asteroid是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，asteroid是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。 【42题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：那次事件发生在大约6600万年前，导致了一系列的灾难，所有的恐龙和许多其他动物都灭绝了。a series of后要加可数名词复数，故填disasters。 【43题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：总的来说，地球上大约75%的物种因小行星的撞击而灭绝。地球上的物种是被毁，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语75 percent of Earth’s species是复数，因此空格处是were destroyed。故填were destroyed。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：过去曾在阿根廷出土过几具阿伯龙化石，但几乎所有化石都在Patagonia南部，远离发现Guemesia的地点。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词site是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：Guemesia的名字来源于阿根廷独立英雄Martin Miguel de Guemes和发现这一物种的博物馆工作人员Javier Ochoa。空格处用名词作宾语，此处表示“Guemesia的名字来源于阿根廷独立英雄Martin Miguel de Guemes和发现这一物种的博物馆工作人员Javier Ochoa”，空格处意为“发现”，名词是discovery，此处是一个发现，因此空格处用单数，故填discovery。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，学校英语广播社邀请你做一个关于“运动与健康”的演讲，请你以Exercise and Health为题，用英文写一篇演讲稿，呼吁同学们积极参加运动。内容包含： 1. 当前学生的身体素质现状； 2. 运动的好处； 3. 呼吁大家多锻炼。 注意：词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Exercise and Health Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you！ 【答案】One possible version: Exercise and Health Dear fellow students, Good afternoon! I’m honoured to be here today. As we all know, many of us struggle with poor physical health due to our unhealthy lifestyles and excessive use of electronic devices, which is a cause for great concern. Numerous studies have shown that regular exercise can bring many benefits to our bodies and minds. Not only can it help us maintain a healthy body, but it can also help us relax and improve our study efficiency. Besides, we will make many friends by doing exercises together. Finally, we will develop ourselves to be a positive person if we keep doing exercise. So I urge all of you to make exercise a priority in your daily routine, whether through swimming, running or other activities. Let's challenge ourselves to be more active and obtain the rewards of a happier life! That’s all. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，学校英语广播社邀请你做一个关于“运动与健康”的演讲，请你以Exercise and Health为题，用英文写一篇演讲稿，呼吁同学们积极参加运动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 荣幸的：honoured→privileged 由于：due to→owing to 益处：benefit→advantage 此外：besides→furthermore 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： Let's challenge ourselves to be more active and obtain the rewards of a happier life! 拓展句：It's time that we should challenge ourselves to be more active and obtain the rewards of a happier life! 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, many of us struggle with poor physical health due to our unhealthy lifestyles and excessive use of electronic devices, which is a cause for great concern.（运用了as和which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Not only can it help us maintain a healthy body, but it can also help us relax and improve our study efficiency.（运用了倒装句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was my first week in the big city, staying with my Aunt Mary. Everything felt boring — the towering buildings, the constant noise, and the endless streams of people. I missed the quiet, familiar fields of my countryside home. That morning, Aunt Mary decided to take me to a downtown supermarket. “You’ve never seen a place like this before, have you?” she asked with a smile. “It’s just a market.” I replied, showing disinterest. Aunt Mary smiled, “Oh, but it’s so much more. Think of it as an adventure. Each stand has something new to show you. Every item here has a story, if you’re willing to listen.” I roiled my eyes. “Things in the market don’t have stories. I prefer our small market back home in the countryside. At least everything there is simple and straightforward.” She didn’t argue, just guiding me to a fruit stand. My eyes widened at the sight of unfamiliar fruits in all shapes and colors. Aunt Mary picked up a strange-looking fruit: a green orange. I frowned (皱眉). “That’s not ripe. Oranges are supposed to be orange,” I said immediately. Aunt Mary smiled gently, “Why not give it a try?” I shook my head. Without a word, she bought a few green oranges and placed them in her basket. We continued walking through the supermarket, passing by stalls filled with items I’d never seen before. I was curious but kept my questions to myself, determined to appear uninterested. On our way back to her apartment, Aunt Mary stopped by a park bench (长凳) and sat down, bending over to find something in her basket. 注意：1.续写词数应150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She took out one green orange, peeled and shared it with me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I changed my mind and decided to have a taste. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She took out one green orange, peeled and shared it with me. I shook my head, saying “No. thanks. I’m absolutely certain that it’s unripe and it will taste sour and terrible.” “You won’t know unless you try,” she said with a knowing smile. She popped a piece into her mouth and nodded in satisfaction. Watching her enjoy it, I stared at her in disbelief. I couldn’t help but wonder — could a green orange really taste good? Maybe I shouldn’t overly stick to what I know. I changed my mind and decided to have a taste. Cautiously, I placed one piece in my mouth. To my surprise, it was incredibly sweet and juicy, far better than any orange I’d ever tasted. My eyes widened in amazement as I looked at my aunt. She smiled as if expecting my reaction. “Life is like this orange,” she said. “You can’t judge it by how it looks or what you assume. You have to experience it by yourself to truly understand its value.” I nodded thoughtfully. That day, I learned a valuable lesson: to embrace new experiences with an open mind and a curious heart. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述“我”初到大城市和玛丽阿姨一起生活，觉得无聊，怀念乡村。阿姨带“我”去超市，“我”不感兴趣，看到绿橙认为没熟，阿姨买了一些，回来路上在公园长凳坐下拿出绿橙。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“她拿出一个绿橙，剥开后和我分享。”可知，第一段可描写“我”拒绝尝试绿橙，阿姨自己吃并表现出满意，引发“我”的思考。 ②由第二段首句内容“我改变了主意，决定尝一尝。”可知，第二段可描写“我”尝后发现绿橙味道很好，阿姨借此开导“我”，“我”从中获得启示。 2. 续写线索：阿姨分享绿橙——“我”拒绝——阿姨品尝——“我”改变主意尝试——绿橙味道好——阿姨开导——“我”获启示 3 词汇激活： 行为类 ①放置：place/put ②期待：expect/look forward to/anticipate ③接受：embrace/accept 情绪类 ①惊讶地：in amazement/in surprise ②好奇的：curious/inquisitive  【点睛】[高分句型1] “You won’t know unless you try,” she said with a knowing smile. (运用了从属连词unless引导的条件状语从句) [高分句型2] Watching her enjoy it, I stared at her in disbelief. (运用了现在分词作时间状语) [高分句型3] She smiled as if expecting my reaction.(运用了as if引导方式状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023级高二下期第一次学月考试 英语试卷 本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，其中试题卷共12页；答题卡共3页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚，同时用2B铅笔将考号准确填涂在“考号”栏目内。 2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再选涂其它答案：非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 3.考试结束后将答题卡收回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题并阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will the woman pay? A. In cash. B. By cheque. C. By credit card. 2. What instrument does Harry play? A. The piano. B. The guitar. C. The violin. 3. What will the boy do at school on Tuesday? A. Play football. B. Swim. C. Practice singing. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. On a ship. B. On a train. C. On a plane. 5. What does the man imply? A. They shouldn't give the material to customers. B. It is better to read the material once more. C. The material may hurt the customer. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Tour guide and tourist. 7. What does the man think of the exhibition? A. Ordinary. B. Boring. C. Enjoyable. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did Jack do this morning? A. He took a math test. B. He visited a volcano. C. He did an experiment. 9. What does Jack's dad usually do at weekends? A. He's busy with office affairs. B. He goes to the library alone. C. He stays at home and reads. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. How to hold a wedding. B. What to buy for a wedding. C. When to attend a wedding. 11. What do we know about the woman? A. She knew little about Jill. B. She went to university with Tony. C. She knows Tony and Jill better. 12. What kind of wedding does the woman like? A. A big one. B. A small one. C. An amusing one. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Why does the man plan to go to a night market this weekend? A He wants to buy some secondhand things. B. He decides to buy some big-ticket items. C. He thinks it amazing to eat and bargain there. 14. What do Westerners bargain about according to the man? A. Daily supplies. B. Necessary items. C. High-value products. 15. What is the difference between a night market and a flea market? A. Flea markets are held in the daytime only. B. Flea markets only provide used things. C. Night markets only happen on weekends. 16. What does the woman mean at the end of the conversation? A. Trash and treasure go hand in hand. B. Different people have different needs. C. Trash is equal to treasure to a degree. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker doing? A. Giving traveling tips. B. Introducing a university. C. Presenting a tour plan. 18. What should the listeners avoid doing? A. Making phone calls. B. Asking questions. C. Taking photos. 19. What can the listeners do after lunch? A. Read books. B. Buy gifts. C. Visit the student center. 20. What can the listeners do before the tour? A. Take a walk. B. Visit student dormitories. C. Have a coffee. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Geo Rutherford’s short video series “Scary Lakes” has become a huge hit, receiving over 70 million likes and 1.7million followers. In her exploration, she reveals the scariness within lakes that comes from natural elements rather than fictional monsters. Let’s explore some of the remarkable lakes she features: 1. Lake Baikal, Siberian Russia It’s the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake. With more than 300 rivers flowing into it, one might expect it to be filled with sediment (沉淀物), but it’s located on a valley that’s pulling apart. The valley’s movement causes the sediment to be drawn into the Earth, maintaining the lake’s great depth. The actual bottom of the valley that contains this lake is potentially one of the deepest in the world. 2. Lake Vostok, Antarctica It’s under two miles of ice. It’s a fascinating place that we can’t possibly imagine. For more than 20 years, Russian scientists tried to drill a hole down to this lake. Russians could barely reach it properly because when they dig the ice to the lake, the water flows back into the hole and freezes. 3. Lake Superior, United States Lake Superior is different from the other Great Lakes because of its late season storms. In November, there are these crazy snowstorms that make ships disappear under the surface. Even though it’s only 500 feet below the surface, you’re not allowed to visit it because it can be considered a bury yard for those who died there. 1. What prevents Lake Baikal from being filled with sediment? A The depth of the lake. B. The flowing rate of the lake water. C. The location on a moving valley. D. The strong water flow of the 300 rivers. 2. What makes Lake Superior different from the other Great Lakes? A. Its surface. B. Its snowstorms. C. The sunk ship. D. A bury yard. 3 Where might the passage be from? A. A nature magazine. B. A travel brochure. C. A research paper. D. A science fiction. B It’s been a very hard and emotional year for me. My mum had been ill for 6 years and over that time she and I went to countless treatments and surgeries. She battled through them all with so much grace and seemed to beat each new cancer that popped up. But this year was different. Things changed dramatically and she lost her battle after 4 very intense and exhausting months. During the time my husband and I were caring for her, my poor old car developed problems too. I pushed it for months since I didn’t have time to be off the road. Long story short, a new light appeared. This one was the engine light. I was no longer needing my car the way I had so I decided to call my repairman about it. He asked me to bring the car in the next morning. When I arrived, he saw me parking from the office and immediately stopped what he was doing and came out. I’d expected to wait inside while he finished what he was doing but he recognized my car and came to me. I asked him how he was as I’d not seen him in 6 months or more. He told me how busy it was. But when he asked me, I immediately started to well up. He looked at me and I told him it had been a heartbreaking year. He told me about losing his grandparents so I shared as well. He gave me the not so great diagnosis of my car, told me to keep an eye on it, touched my arm and gave me a hug. His small act of kindness was giving me his attention, something he probably thought nothing of, but to me, it was huge. His genuine care and concern gave me a glimmer of light during a time when life was feeling so dark. 4. What was the main challenge the author faced this year? A. Losing her mother. B. Struggles with health. C. Problems with the car. D. Facing financial stress. 5. Why did the author put off repairing her car? A She didn’t trust the repairman’s techniques. B. She couldn’t afford to repair it at the time. C. She couldn’t find time due to family duties. D. She didn’t take the problem seriously. 6. What does the underlined phrase “well up” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Burst out laughing. B. Get extremely frightened. C. Become tearful. D. Feel suddenly energetic. 7. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Taking responsibilities can be a stressful thing. B. Life’s challenges often come from unexpected situations. C. Building strong relationships helps solve problems. D. Acts of kindness can provide comfort during difficult times. C It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage. Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself. But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study. What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease. 8. What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph? A. They can make a difference in marketing. B. They hardly affect people’s food choices. C. They are unlikely to fool wise customers. D. They finally decrease people’s purchase desire. 9. What does the second paragraph basically serve as? A. An argument. B. An example. C. A comparison. D. A comment. 10. Which statement will Biswas probably agree with? A. The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from. B. The senses of taste and smell are closely linked. C. The influence of food smells changes over time. D. The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it. 11. Which of the following could the best title for the text? A. Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food B. Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools C. Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower D. Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It D The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm (算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations (模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 12. For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A. They invented artificial neural networks. B. They discovered biological neural networks. C. They both are excellent experts in the field of statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 13. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. John Hopfield’s devotion and achievement. B. How modern generative AI revolution began. C. Geoffrey Hinton’s research on neural network. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 14. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Finding a key algorithm which could select weights. B. Creating a new model that could generate new patterns. C. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. D. Discovering an approach to training artificial neural networks. 15. According to the passage, what is the influence of awarding the prize to Hopfield and Hinton? A. More people will be inspired to study physics. B. Simulations of systems will be faster and more accurate. C. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As much as 80 percent of premature (提前的) heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. ____16____ As experts pointed out, a small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run. Get eight hours of sleep. When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful. If you are lacking in sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and sugar levels. ____17____ Engage in volunteer work. ____18____ Also, loneliness is a risk factor for heart health. Luckily, volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network. In the meanwhile it gives you a feeling of purpose in life, which is linked to a lower possibility of heart attack and stroke. ____19____ Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other healthy risks, such as high blood pressures. Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality inside is poor. Eat breakfast. A recent study found that healthy people who didn’t have breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who ate a large morning meal. If you’re eating a proper breakfast, you’re less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices. ____20____ Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. A. Avoid polluted air. B. Engage in indoor activities. C. These strategies are beneficial to our health. D. But others may be less familiar to you. E. We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. F. These factors can all have an impact on the function of heart. G. Doing good for others helps increase your self-worth and relieves stress. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Milo is a dog, adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift from an animal shelter. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo immediately ____21____ to the house across the street. Milo seemed ____22____, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his tail. “He started scratching (抓) the front door,” Swift says. “I’m thinking, why is he insistently trying to ____23____ her house?” She was embarrassed for not everyone wants a(n) ____24____ dog to leave marks on their property. But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a voice yelling “help” coming through an open upstairs window. Hours ____25____, around 4 a.m., Sherry Starr had risen from her bed. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, I ____26____,” she says. “I slumped on the floor.” Starr is 85. “I could not move at all”, says Starr, who was ____27____ between the toilet and the tub. Starr was scared and thought she was going to die there. Her best ____28____, she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream. For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling: “Help! Help! Helllp!” “Her voice was very ____29____,” says Swift. “You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs. Starr yell for help ____30____ you were Milo, the dog.” It ____31____ heard Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. Swift called 911. Rescuers thought they’d have to break down the toilet to ____32____ Starr, but they gave one last pull — and out she popped. Though injured, Starr ____33____ a trip to the hospital. Swift has known her share of ____34____ for living alone. Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief too. “That dog is a ____35____,” she says. 21. A. ran B. walked C. leaned D. wandered 22. A. anxious B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited 23. A. setting off B. turning over C. keeping off D. breaking into 24. A. adorable B. strange C. angry D. reliable 25. A. later B. earlier C. on D. away 26. A. jumped B. hesitated C. slipped D. swept 27. A. lost B. tired C. stuck D. secured 28. A. bet B. interaction C. result D. prediction 29. A. loud B. faint C. special D. distinct 30. A. if B. though C. as D. unless 31. A. ultimately B. quietly C. gradually D. accurately 32. A. edge B. detect C. remove D. observe 33. A. took B. favored C. obeyed D. declined 34. A. barrier B. passion C. suffering D. pressure 35. A. blessing B. danger C. bother D. pleasure 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A skull of the dinosaur, named Guemesia ochoai, was discovered in Argentina. Researchers said it likely belongs to a meat-eating, or carnivorous, group of dinosaurs ____36____ (call) abelisaurs. These dinosaurs walked on two legs and had very short arms, even ____37____ (short) than those of North America’s Tyrannosaurus rex. The short arms may have forced Guemesia ____38____ (depend) more on its powerful skull and jaws. “Guemesia is so different ____39____ other meat-eating dinosaurs, which allows us to understand that we’re dealing with a ____40____ (total) new species,” said Agnolin Federico, the lead writer of a study on the dinosaur that was published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. The animals existed for a few million years before ____41____ asteroid (小行星) hit what is now Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. That event, about 66 millions years ago, led to a series of ____42____ (disaster) that killed all the dinosaurs and many other animals. In total, about 75 percent of Earth’s species ____43____ (destroy) as a result of the asteroid. Scientists believe abelisaurs lived on what is now Africa, South America and India. Several abelisaurs have been dug up in Argentina in the past but almost all of them were in southern Patagonia, far from the site ____44____ Guemesia was found. Guemesia takes its name from Argentine independence hero Martin Miguel de Guemes and Javier Ochoa, a museum worker who made the ____45____ (discover). 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是李华，学校英语广播社邀请你做一个关于“运动与健康”的演讲，请你以Exercise and Health为题，用英文写一篇演讲稿，呼吁同学们积极参加运动。内容包含： 1. 当前学生的身体素质现状； 2. 运动的好处； 3. 呼吁大家多锻炼。 注意：词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Exercise and Health Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you！ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was my first week in the big city, staying with my Aunt Mary. Everything felt boring — the towering buildings, the constant noise, and the endless streams of people. I missed the quiet, familiar fields of my countryside home. That morning, Aunt Mary decided to take me to a downtown supermarket. “You’ve never seen a place like this before, have you?” she asked with a smile. “It’s just a market.” I replied, showing disinterest. Aunt Mary smiled, “Oh, but it’s so much more. Think of it as an adventure. Each stand has something new to show you. Every item here has a story, if you’re willing to listen.” I roiled my eyes. “Things in the market don’t have stories. I prefer our small market back home in the countryside. At least everything there is simple and straightforward.” She didn’t argue, just guiding me to a fruit stand. My eyes widened at the sight of unfamiliar fruits in all shapes and colors. Aunt Mary picked up a strange-looking fruit: a green orange. I frowned (皱眉). “That’s not ripe. Oranges are supposed to be orange,” I said immediately. Aunt Mary smiled gently, “Why not give it a try?” I shook my head. Without a word, she bought a few green oranges and placed them in her basket. We continued walking through the supermarket, passing by stalls filled with items I’d never seen before. I was curious but kept my questions to myself, determined to appear uninterested. On our way back to her apartment, Aunt Mary stopped by a park bench (长凳) and sat down, bending over to find something in her basket. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She took out one green orange, peeled and shared it with me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I changed my mind and decided to have a taste ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$