专题03 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（外研版2019）

非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语（复习） 语法精讲: 一、作主语 非谓语动词作主语只能是动词不定式和动名词这两种形式，分词不能作主语。 1.不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，通常位于句首。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 To visit Australia is my next goal.  游览澳大利亚是我的下一个目标。 To learn a new language is not easy. 学习一门新语言并不容易。 不定式（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式主语，而把不定式置于后面。 常用It作形式主语的表达： It + be + 名词 to do sth. It takes/ took sb. + some time to do sth. It be difficult/ easy/ important/ impossible/ necessary…+ for sb. to do sth. It + be + careless/ clever/ foolish/ honest/ kind/ lazy/ silly/ stupid/ wise... + of sb. to do sth. It's not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易。广泛阅读是有必要的。 2. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为，通常放于句首。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。 Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. 写这本书占用了他所有的业余时间。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习一门语言的好方法。 动名词（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式主语。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏很有趣。 It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. 光说不做是没有用的。 常用It作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的常用句式有： It is/ was + no use/ good + doing sth. 做……是没有用/没有好处的 It is useless doing sth.做……没有用 It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的 It is/ was + worth/ worthwhile + doing sth. 做……是值得的 It is fun/no fun doing sth.做……有趣/没有趣 2、 作宾语 非谓语动词作宾语只能是动词不定式和动名词这两种形式，分词不能作宾语。 1.不定式作宾语特征:  (1) 不定式作宾语时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后;  (2) 表示将来的动作或事件;  (3) 不定式作宾语, 暗含目的性。 ①只接不定式作宾语的常用动词 hope，wish，expect，learn，want，decide，determine，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，fail，ask，beg，decide，agree，help，afford，happen I decide to quit smoking. 我决定戒烟。 She promises to her mother a big house as she grows up. 她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。 I happened to meet him on my way home. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。 ②有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如know, teach, learn, understand, decide, tell, ask, discover，explain，wonder等 I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples. 我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。 My mom told me how to prepare it. 妈妈告诉我怎样准备。 He didn’t know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道如何处理这场事故。 2. 动名词作宾语 只跟动名词作宾语的常见单词或短语：suggest，finish， practice， mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，keep，avoid，resist，consider，delay，dislike，risk，allow，can't help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to，give up，keep on，put off，get down to，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/ wonderful/ hard time (in)，have fun Today, Liu Wei still enjoy playing music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all. 如今，刘伟依然热爱音乐，并且他积极向上的态度激励着我们所有人。 It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天天气相当热。你想去游泳吗？ 3.既可跟不定式作宾语,又可跟动名词作宾语的动词 (词组) (1) 跟不定式和动名词意义相差不大: continue , prefer, like, hate, begin, start 等。 Price will continue rising/to rise. 物价将继续上涨 注：当begin/start后的动词是表示心理状态的词如know, understand, believe , wonder 等时，通常只跟不定式。 I began to believe his story. 我开始相信他对事情的描述 She started to realise that she was wrong. 她开始意识到她错了。 (2) 跟不定式和动名词意义差别很大 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 很遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 can't help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事 can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 三、作表语 不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词在句中都可作表语,但它们之间有较大的区别。 1. 表示具体的一次性动作,尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为,一般用不定式作表语。主语是aim/duty/hope/idea/intention/plan/job/suggestion/wish/purpose/task等词时，后面用不定式作表语，说明其内容 All I want to do now is to drink some water.  我现在想做的就是喝点水。 His wish is to be a teacher in the future. 他的愿望是将来成为一名教师。 2. 表示习惯性行为、爱好、职业等,不强调动作,而是说明事件的名称或内容,一般用动名词作表语。 Her job is teaching yoga in a school. 她的工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。 3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语,实际上就是形容词作表语。如果表示主语自身所具有的特征,令人在情绪上发生变化,意为“令人怎样”, 通常用现在分词-ing作表语; 如果表示主语被动的感受,意为“感觉怎样”,通常用过去分词-ed作表语。 The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这一决定感到失望。 语法精练: 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）We should practice ______ English every day. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoken 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该每天练习说英语。动词practice后应该用名词或动名词作宾语。故选C项。 2．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）She is looking forward to _______some new friends. A．making B．make C．made D．makes 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她期待结交一些新朋友。空前的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故选A项。 3．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As a child, my only life goal was ______ a famous dancer. A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．becomes 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候，我唯一的人生目标就是成为一名著名的舞蹈家。此处作表语，应用不定式，说明主语的内容，有将来含义。故选A。 4．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The purpose of the exchange program is _______the understanding between the two countries. A．to promote B．to be promoted C．promoting D．promoted 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个交流项目的目的是增进两国之间的了解。根据句意可知，“增进两国之间的了解”是这个项目的具体目标，用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容，且表示将来的动作。此处是主动的动作，不用被动语态。故选A项。 5．（24-25高二上·天津河东·期中）______ in these conditions ______ not a pleasure but a suffer. A．To work; are B．Working; is C．Work; are D．Working; are 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：在这种情况下工作不是一种快乐，而是一种痛苦。空1为非谓语动词作主语，这里可以用不定式，也可以用动名词，所以排除C，主语是不定式或者动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，可以排除AD，故选B。 6．（24-25高二上·天津和平·期中）_______a good first impression is essential in a job interview. A．To leave B．Leaving C．To be left D．Left 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在面试中留下良好的第一印象至关重要。_______a good first impression在句中作主语，表示一般性的动作，所以用动名词作主语。故选B。 7．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Henry hates _______ into buying unnecessary stuffs, so he seldom shops offline. A．talked B．talking C．to talk D．being talked 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亨利讨厌被说服去买不必要的东西，所以他很少在线下购物。句子使用短语hate doing sth.“讨厌做某事”。动词短语talk into与其逻辑主语Henry之间是动宾关系，即被说服，因此用动名词的被动式作宾语，故选D。 8．（24-25高二上·广东·期中）________ so many times didn’t make him lose heart, ________ in turn, helped him become strong and be a real man. A．Being rejected, it B．To be rejected, it C．Being rejected, which D．To be rejected, which 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：被拒绝这么多次并没有让他失去信心，这反过来又帮助他变得坚强，成为一个真正的男人。第一空用动名词作主语，他是被拒绝，因此用动名词的被动形式being rejected，位于句首的单词首字母大写。第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词which，故选C。 9．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Above all, I have come to understand that ______ appreciation to competitors is showing our respect. A．express B．expressed C．expressing D．being expressed 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词。句意：最重要的是，我开始明白，对竞争对手表示感谢就是表示我们的尊重。在that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语，所以为动名词短语作主语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故选C项。 10．（24-25高一上·重庆渝北·期中）Many people enjoy ______TV in their free time. A．watching B．watch C．to watch 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人喜欢在空闲时间看电视。enjoy doing sth.是固定用法，表示 “喜欢做某事”。故选A。 11．（24-25高一上·重庆渝北·期中）You should learn ______ English. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该学习说英语。learn to do sth为固定搭配，意为“学习做某事”，用动词不定式to speak作宾语。故选A项。 12．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）In my opinion, it is a waste of time _________ such a person to join us in the activity. A．to persuade B．persuading C．persuade D．persuaded 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，说服这样的人参加我们的活动是浪费时间。句型it is a waste of time doing sth.表示“做某事是浪费时间的”，其中it作形式主语，用动名词作真正主语。故选B项。 13．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As far as I am concerned,  __________ movies is beneficial to improving our spoken English. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我看来，看电影对提高口语有好处。此处作主语，应用动名词形式。表示经常性、习惯性的动作。故选C。 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）I don’t mind ______ by bus, but I hate standing in queues. A．travel B．traveled C．traveling D．to  travel 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不介意乘坐公共汽车，但我讨厌排队。本句谓语为don’t mind，此处为非谓语动词，mind doing sth.，表示“介意做某事”，本空用travel“行进”的动名词，作宾语。故选C。 15．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it easier parenthood with a full-time career. A．combining B．combine C．combined D．to combine 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现把为人父母和全职工作结合起来更容易了。find it + adj. + to do sth.是一个常用句型，意思是 “发现做某事是……的”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。故选D。 16．（24-25高二上·广东江门·期中）I still remember what you have devoted to _________ me to improve my writing skills. A．help B．helped C．helping D．be helped 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我仍然记得你为了帮助我提高写作技巧所付出的努力。devote to是固定短语，意思是“致力于”，其后跟动名词形式。故选C。 17．（24-25高一上·天津·期中）The window which hasn't been cleaned for at least 3 weeks requires . Who’d like to take the job? A．to clean B．being cleaned C．cleaned D．cleaning 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：至少3周没有清洁的窗户需要清洁。谁愿意接受这份工作？require doing“(某事)需要被做”，此处指窗户需要被清洁。故选D。 18．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）________to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learning B．Learn C．To learn D．Having learning 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学会批判性思考是今天的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作，再结合句意可知，故选A。 19．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）I avoided ________ the subject in case he should be offended. A．having mentioned B．being mentioned C．mentioning D．to be mentioning 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免他生气，我避免提及这个话题。avoid doing sth.是固定短语，意思是“避免做某事”，其中动名词形式作动词avoid的宾语。且I与mention为主动关系，用动名词的主动形式。故选C项。 20．（24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）As a teacher, my aim is ________ and educate my students to reach their full potential. My colleagues ________ agree with me. A．inspiring, obvious B．inspiring, obviously C．to inspire, obviously D．inspired, obvious 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和副词。句意：作为一名教师，我的目标是激励和教育我的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。我的同事们显然同意我的观点。根据第一个空格前的my aim is可知，空格处应该用不定式作表语(主语是aim/duty/hope/idea/intention/plan/job/suggestion/wish/purpose/task等词时，后面用不定式作表语，说明其内容)；第二个空格处修饰后面的动词短语agree with，应该用副词obviously作状语。故选C项。 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·广东汕头·期中）Ann is looking forward to (compete) for the lovely prize in the contest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】competing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：安期待着在比赛中争夺可爱的奖品。look forward to doing sth.期望做某事。根据句意，故填competing。 2．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）As we all know, (spot) new planets is not very common in our solar system. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spotting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都知道，在我们的太阳系中，发现新行星并不常见。此句中谓语动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，用spot“发现”的动名词，作主语。故填spotting。 3．（22-23高一上·吉林延边·期末）UNESO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】disappearing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国教科文组织开展了一个项目，防止世界各地的世界文化遗产消失。短语prevent sb./sth. from doing意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，空处应用disappear“消失”的动名词形式，作from的宾语。故填disappearing。 4．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）It is not unusual for students (play) computer games, but they should manage their time properly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to play 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生玩电脑游戏并不罕见，但他们应该合理管理自己的时间。此处为句型it be adj. for sb. to do sth.，it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。故填to play。 5．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）Selim has been a doctor for twenty years, so he’s used to (work) late at night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】working 【详解】考查动名词。句意：Selim 已经当医生二十年了，因此他习惯工作到很晚。此处意为“习惯于做某事”，表达为be used to doing sth.，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故填working。 6．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）Middle school students think their parents don’t understand them so they prefer (talk) to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to talk 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中学学生认为他们的父母不理解他们，因此比起告诉父母他们的问题，他们更喜欢告诉朋友。根据后文的rather than tell可知，此处为prefer to do...rather than do...“宁愿做……而不愿做……”结构，故此处应用不定式作宾语，故填to talk。 7．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）With the matter disturbing her, she had trouble   (concentrate) on her study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】concentrating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于这件事困扰着她，她无法集中精力学习。have trouble (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，表示 “做某事有困难”。故填concentrating。 8．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Many students have difficulty (deliver) a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】delivering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生在公共场合演讲有困难，但他们可以通过训练克服它。have difficulty (in) doing sth为固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，此处使用动名词作宾语，介词in省略。故填delivering。 9．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Li Ying is a go-getter, who tends (set) a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term and tries her best to achieve. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to set 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李英是一个积极进取的人，她倾向于在每学期开始时为每个科目设定目标，并尽最大努力去实现。tend to do sth.是固定短语，意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to set。 10．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Before the midterm exam, Jim devoted the whole day to (review) the English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reviewing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：期中考试之前，吉姆用了一整天复习英语语法。此处为短语devote ... to doing sth.，动名词作介词to宾语。故填reviewing。 11．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem (work) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to work 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很忙，我有一个很难解决的问题。句中have为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示“要去解决”，故使用不定式结构作定语修饰problem。故填to work。 12．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）When I came in, he pretended (study) the details of the report. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be studying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我进来时, 他假装正在研究报告的细节。主句谓语为pretended，此处为非谓语动词，pretend to be doing sth.表示“假装正在做某事”，本空用study“研究”的不定式的进行式，作pretended的宾语。故填to be studying。 13．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）On arriving home, the boy couldn’t resist off his being praised by the teacher. (show) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】showing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一到家，男孩就忍不住炫耀自己被老师表扬了。can’t resist doing sth“忍不住做某事”，故填showing。 14．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）The key to (keep) the balance is regular and honest communication. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】keeping 【详解】考查动名词。句意：保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。固定搭配the key to doing sth.（做某事的关键），此处用动名词形式。故填keeping。 15．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期中）I recommend (take) high-speed train to Shanghai. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议乘高铁去上海。固定短语recommend doing“建议做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填taking。 16．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）Yang Shanzhou, who started to plant trees after his retirement in 1988, committed himself to (transform) the landscape of Daliang Mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】transforming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杨善洲于1988年退休后开始种树，致力于改造大凉山的景观。commit oneself to doing sth.是固定短语，意思是 “致力于做某事”，to是介词，所以此处要用动名词作宾语。故填transforming。 17．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）To keep fit, I add healthy food to my meals and stop (eat) junk food. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持健康，我在餐中添加健康食品，并停止吃垃圾食品。本句谓语为add和stop，此处为非谓语动词，表示停止正在进行的动作，用stop doing something“停止做某事”，因此用eat“吃”的动名词形式eating，作宾语。故填eating。 18．（24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中）Christine really appreciated (give) an opportunity to participate in the programming project with top level professors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：克里斯蒂娜非常感激被给予了一个与顶级教授一起参与编程项目的机会。结合固定搭配appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”可知，本空用动名词形式作宾语，give与其逻辑主语Christine之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式。故填being given。 19．（24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期中）We often find it easier (recognize) other people’s weaknesses than our own. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to recognize 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们常常发现别人的弱点比发现自己的要容易。find it easier to do sth.是固定短语，意为“发现做某事更容易”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，因此空格处是不定式to recognize。故填to recognize。 20．（24-25高一上·广东·期中）The best way to make your life meaningful is (lose) yourself in the service of others. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to lose 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让你的生活有意义的最好方法就是投身于为他人服务中。空处需填非谓语动词作表语，主语是way，空格处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填to lose。 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语（复习） 语法精讲: 一、作主语 非谓语动词作主语只能是动词不定式和动名词这两种形式，分词不能作主语。 1.不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，通常位于句首。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 To visit Australia is my next goal.  游览澳大利亚是我的下一个目标。 To learn a new language is not easy. 学习一门新语言并不容易。 不定式（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式主语，而把不定式置于后面。 常用It作形式主语的表达： It + be + 名词 to do sth. It takes/ took sb. + some time to do sth. It be difficult/ easy/ important/ impossible/ necessary…+ for sb. to do sth. It + be + careless/ clever/ foolish/ honest/ kind/ lazy/ silly/ stupid/ wise... + of sb. to do sth. It's not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易。广泛阅读是有必要的。 2. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为，通常放于句首。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。 Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. 写这本书占用了他所有的业余时间。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习一门语言的好方法。 动名词（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it作形式主语。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏很有趣。 It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. 光说不做是没有用的。 常用It作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的常用句式有： It is/ was + no use/ good + doing sth. 做……是没有用/没有好处的 It is useless doing sth.做……没有用 It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的 It is/ was + worth/ worthwhile + doing sth. 做……是值得的 It is fun/no fun doing sth.做……有趣/没有趣 2、 作宾语 非谓语动词作宾语只能是动词不定式和动名词这两种形式，分词不能作宾语。 1.不定式作宾语特征:  (1) 不定式作宾语时表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后;  (2) 表示将来的动作或事件;  (3) 不定式作宾语, 暗含目的性。 ①只接不定式作宾语的常用动词 hope，wish，expect，learn，want，decide，determine，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，fail，ask，beg，decide，agree，help，afford，happen I decide to quit smoking. 我决定戒烟。 She promises to her mother a big house as she grows up. 她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。 I happened to meet him on my way home. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。 ②有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如know, teach, learn, understand, decide, tell, ask, discover，explain，wonder等 I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples. 我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。 My mom told me how to prepare it. 妈妈告诉我怎样准备。 He didn’t know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道如何处理这场事故。 2. 动名词作宾语 只跟动名词作宾语的常见单词或短语：suggest，finish， practice， mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，keep，avoid，resist，consider，delay，dislike，risk，allow，can't help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to，give up，keep on，put off，get down to，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/ wonderful/ hard time (in)，have fun Today, Liu Wei still enjoy playing music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all. 如今，刘伟依然热爱音乐，并且他积极向上的态度激励着我们所有人。 It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天天气相当热。你想去游泳吗？ 3.既可跟不定式作宾语,又可跟动名词作宾语的动词 (词组) (1) 跟不定式和动名词意义相差不大: continue , prefer, like, hate, begin, start 等。 Price will continue rising/to rise. 物价将继续上涨 注：当begin/start后的动词是表示心理状态的词如know, understand, believe , wonder 等时，通常只跟不定式。 I began to believe his story. 我开始相信他对事情的描述 She started to realise that she was wrong. 她开始意识到她错了。 (2) 跟不定式和动名词意义差别很大 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 很遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 can't help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事 can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 三、作表语 不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词在句中都可作表语,但它们之间有较大的区别。 1. 表示具体的一次性动作,尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为,一般用不定式作表语。主语是aim/duty/hope/idea/intention/plan/job/suggestion/wish/purpose/task等词时，后面用不定式作表语，说明其内容 All I want to do now is to drink some water.  我现在想做的就是喝点水。 His wish is to be a teacher in the future. 他的愿望是将来成为一名教师。 2. 表示习惯性行为、爱好、职业等,不强调动作,而是说明事件的名称或内容,一般用动名词作表语。 Her job is teaching yoga in a school. 她的工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。 3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语,实际上就是形容词作表语。如果表示主语自身所具有的特征,令人在情绪上发生变化,意为“令人怎样”, 通常用现在分词-ing作表语; 如果表示主语被动的感受,意为“感觉怎样”,通常用过去分词-ed作表语。 The result of the game was disappointing. 比赛结果令人失望。 I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这一决定感到失望。 语法精练: 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）We should practice ______ English every day. A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoken 2．（24-25高一上·广东江门·期中）She is looking forward to _______some new friends. A．making B．make C．made D．makes 3．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As a child, my only life goal was ______ a famous dancer. A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．becomes 4．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The purpose of the exchange program is _______the understanding between the two countries. A．to promote B．to be promoted C．promoting D．promoted 5．（24-25高二上·天津河东·期中）______ in these conditions ______ not a pleasure but a suffer. A．To work; are B．Working; is C．Work; are D．Working; are 6．（24-25高二上·天津和平·期中）_______a good first impression is essential in a job interview. A．To leave B．Leaving C．To be left D．Left 7．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Henry hates _______ into buying unnecessary stuffs, so he seldom shops offline. A．talked B．talking C．to talk D．being talked 8．（24-25高二上·广东·期中）________ so many times didn’t make him lose heart, ________ in turn, helped him become strong and be a real man. A．Being rejected, it B．To be rejected, it C．Being rejected, which D．To be rejected, which 9．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Above all, I have come to understand that ______ appreciation to competitors is showing our respect. A．express B．expressed C．expressing D．being expressed 10．（24-25高一上·重庆渝北·期中）Many people enjoy ______TV in their free time. A．watching B．watch C．to watch 11．（24-25高一上·重庆渝北·期中）You should learn ______ English. A．to speak B．speak C．speaking 12．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）In my opinion, it is a waste of time _________ such a person to join us in the activity. A．to persuade B．persuading C．persuade D．persuaded 13．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As far as I am concerned,  __________ movies is beneficial to improving our spoken English. A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）I don’t mind ______ by bus, but I hate standing in queues. A．travel B．traveled C．traveling D．to  travel 15．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it easier parenthood with a full-time career. A．combining B．combine C．combined D．to combine 16．（24-25高二上·广东江门·期中）I still remember what you have devoted to _________ me to improve my writing skills. A．help B．helped C．helping D．be helped 17．（24-25高一上·天津·期中）The window which hasn't been cleaned for at least 3 weeks requires . Who’d like to take the job? A．to clean B．being cleaned C．cleaned D．cleaning 18．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）________to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. A．Learning B．Learn C．To learn D．Having learning 19．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）I avoided ________ the subject in case he should be offended. A．having mentioned B．being mentioned C．mentioning D．to be mentioning 20．（24-25高一上·黑龙江大庆·期中）As a teacher, my aim is ________ and educate my students to reach their full potential. My colleagues ________ agree with me. A．inspiring, obvious B．inspiring, obviously C．to inspire, obviously D．inspired, obvious 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·广东汕头·期中）Ann is looking forward to (compete) for the lovely prize in the contest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）As we all know, (spot) new planets is not very common in our solar system. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（22-23高一上·吉林延边·期末）UNESO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）It is not unusual for students (play) computer games, but they should manage their time properly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）Selim has been a doctor for twenty years, so he’s used to (work) late at night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）Middle school students think their parents don’t understand them so they prefer (talk) to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）With the matter disturbing her, she had trouble   (concentrate) on her study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Many students have difficulty (deliver) a speech in public, but they can overcome it through training. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Li Ying is a go-getter, who tends (set) a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term and tries her best to achieve. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）Before the midterm exam, Jim devoted the whole day to (review) the English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）I am very busy. I have a very difficult problem (work) out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（24-25高一上·吉林·期中）When I came in, he pretended (study) the details of the report. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）On arriving home, the boy couldn’t resist off his being praised by the teacher. (show) (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（24-25高一上·江苏扬州·期中）The key to (keep) the balance is regular and honest communication. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（24-25高一上·河北石家庄·期中）I recommend (take) high-speed train to Shanghai. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）Yang Shanzhou, who started to plant trees after his retirement in 1988, committed himself to (transform) the landscape of Daliang Mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．（24-25高一上·广东东莞·期中）To keep fit, I add healthy food to my meals and stop (eat) junk food. （所给词的适当形式填空） 18．（24-25高二上·福建泉州·期中）Christine really appreciated (give) an opportunity to participate in the programming project with top level professors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．（24-25高一上·江苏盐城·期中）We often find it easier (recognize) other people’s weaknesses than our own. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．（24-25高一上·广东·期中）The best way to make your life meaningful is (lose) yourself in the service of others. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$