Unit 5 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P47] Ⅰ.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 1．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.简单句 2．There is a chair in this room，isn't there？简单句 3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Last weekend，I took part in an event held by the Students' Union，which is aimed at educating us more about daily biology.复合句——定语从句 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写) Indeed，I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance，whatever difficulties might arise.复合句——状语从句 5．Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so.并列句 6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) Learning much from it，I came to understand why cactuses and other dry plants have sharp leaves.复合句——宾语从句 7．It is the time of year for the rice harvest，so every day I work from dawn until dark. 并列句 8．Having never operated a computer，Mr Johnson met with a lot of difficulties at first.简单句 9．We grow rice in the south of the States，but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.复合句——定语从句 10．My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句 Ⅱ.分析下面的长句 1．First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100mL，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. 分析：本句的主干是：the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity其中“First announced in April，2016”为过去分词作状语；“which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100mL”为定语从句，修饰先行词the tax，其中“containing more than 5g of sugar per 100 mL”为现在分词作定语，修饰soft drinks。 2．This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”． 分析：本句的主干是：This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”。其中“to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit”为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰ability，其中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，作recognize的宾语，而这个从句中又包含一个由before引导的状语从句。 3．The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 分析：本句的主干是：The friendship had its root in the fact。其中“grew out of...later”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的“although there was...live TV”为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 4．Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 分析：本句中 a requirement 为同位语，是对前面的内容做补充说明，“pilots would find relatively easy to meet”是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that或which，修饰先行词requirement。 5．Priority has also been shifted from middle schools to primary schools，while more teachers who teach music，art and information technology have joined the team. 分析：此句是并列句，并列连词while连接两个并列句，第一个分句是主谓结构，第二个分句是主谓宾结构，其中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词more teachers。 Ⅲ.语法与写作 1．在我看来，学生应该多听多说，这样他们就可以发展他们的沟通技巧。 As far as I am concerned，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills． 2．在过去，我们必须安静地坐在课桌前，注意听老师讲话。 In the past，we had to sit at our desks in silenceand pay attention to what the teachers were saying． 3．而对我而言最重要的是我不用每天处于他们的监督之下了。(含名词性从句的复合句) However，what is the most important for me is that I don't have to be under their supervision every day. 4．我希望那一天快快到来，这样我就能够享受到我想要的自由了。(并列复合句) I hope that the day will come soon and I can enjoy the freedom that I want. 5．我想去遥远的城市而我的父母希望我待在省内。(并列句) I want to go to a faraway city while my parents wish me to stay in our province. Ⅳ.语法填空 For many students，the most important 1.decision(decide) they must make at school is choosing a career.But 2.choosing(choose) the right career is not easy.So how do you find one that you will enjoy? Before you choose a career，think about your interests and your talents，and then think about jobs 3.that/which fit them.Ask yourself: What do I enjoy doing? What do I do well? Next，learn about your career choices.See if the library has books 4.describing(describe) different kinds of work.Also，try out careers by taking part­time jobs. Then consider 5.what is important to you.Perhaps you like working face to face with people.If so，a job as a computer programmer may not be the 6.best(good) choice.If you like getting a monthly salary，then starting your own business probably is not 7.for you. 8．Finally(final)，remember that you can always change your mind.Most people change jobs several times during their 9.working(work) life.Allow yourself to change if you are not 10.satisfied(satisfy) with your chosen career. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·济宁高二检测)Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career，some people complain like this: Those tests are so stupid.When I was in sixth grade，I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer.While I don't think I would be a very good farmer，the results are probably a lot more accurate than I'd like to admit.At the time，it seemed unreasonable—I hated the outdoors and physical activities.Now，I think it might have had some points that fit my personality: I like planning (good for planning how to grow crops)，working by myself (for those long days on an agricultural machine)，and sometimes working on a team (for harvest time). Watch out for any personality test that claims to be able to tell you what your dream job is by the type of animal you'd like to be，or from your favorite breakfast food as a child.While there are many personality assessments that are accurate，I'd like to say that they are a second step.The best choice is self­assessments. Before finding ways to know your work preferences，it's important to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work.I once met a third­year marine biology student at a large state school in Ohio.He applied for and was placed into the Whale Watch program，where he found out that he became terribly seasick on any kind of boat—a big disadvantage for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild. The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of interest.If that career doesn't exist，my advice would be to take the job where there is a skill match.In this way，you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job and perhaps become interested in it. 【语篇解读】　说明文。介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系，并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。 1．What is some people's opinion on choosing a career through personality tests? A．It is well trying. B．It's unreasonable. C．It's of just a little help. D．It might lead to failure. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，一些人认为通过个性测试来选择职业是不合理的。 2．What does the author think of the personality test she took when she was young? A．She thinks it showed some part of her personality. B．She admits it forecast her present job accurately. C．She finds it helpless for her. D．She has little interest in it. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the results are probably a lot more accurate than I'd like to admit(测试结果可能比我愿意承认的要准确得多)”以及“I think it might have had some points that fit my personality(我认为它可能有一些符合我个性的地方)”可知，作者认为该测试结果与她性格的某些方面相符。 3．What is the best way to know your personality? A.Trying your dream job in real practice. B．Doing accurate personality assessments. C．Taking personality tests on your favourite things. D．Knowing and understanding yourself more. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段后两句可知尽管有很多准确的个性评估，但作者认为它们是第二选择，最好的选择是自我评估。可推知，只有更多地了解自己，才能知道自己梦想的工作是什么。 4．Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job? A．He liked his major but disliked the job. B．He felt sick travelling on a boat. C．He was a bit afraid of marine animals. D．He knew little about his preferences. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，这名学生被安排在观鲸项目中，在那里他发现自己乘坐任何类型的船都会严重晕船。可推知，这名学生严重晕船，因而不适合这项工作。 B Many of the foods we regularly eat in our daily lives come from plants，which are essential for our survival on the “blue planet.” But what about the few people who live — although for a short span of time — in space? Is it possible for them to grow plants on board the spaceship and be self­sufficient for weeks on end? Yes，it is. In fact，astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) ate the first space­grown salad (red romaine lettuce) on August 10，2015.Even in a well­controlled environment like on the ISS，growing a plant in space is not an easy task.Traditionally，roots grow and spread downwards due to gravity.Still，in space，where the effect of gravity is negligible (忽略不计的)，things change. Roots grow in all directions in space.Other nutrients and water，which are essential for the growth of a plant，float all over the place! Can you imagine a plant floating in a spaceship，with its roots sticking out in every direction like the tentacles of a slimy sea creature surrounded by water and other nutrients? Therefore，keeping this entire system going is very important.To achieve this，NASA astronauts Rick Mastracchio and Steve Swanson set up a special container named “Veggie” a few years ago，specifically designed for “space gardening” on the ISS. Veggie contains “plant pillows”，which are essentially bags of fertilizer and dirt released in a controlled manner to facilitate plant growth.In the bags，small wicks (棉芯) are installed that absorb water.Seeds are glued to the wicks and arranged in the correct position so that their roots grow unidirectionally (downward) and “push out” of the bag.For the plants to grow properly (i.e.，upward)，LED lights shine above the plants，provide light for the shoots and support photosynthesis (the process by which plants prepare their food) for proper plant growth. Space agencies worldwide are striving to develop more advanced methods and procedures to enable astronauts to safely grow and eat vegetables from space­grown vegetables. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章主要讲述了美国国家航空航天局努力使太空园艺成为可能。 5．What does paragraph 2 mainly suggest? A．Astronauts want to live a sustainable life. B．Space­grown plants might take more efforts. C．Plants have been successfully grown in space. D．ISS makes it possible for plants to grow at will. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Even in a well­controlled environment like on the ISS，growing a plant in space is not an easy task.Traditionally，roots grow and spread downwards due to gravity.Still，in space，where the effect of gravity is negligible ，things change.”可知，太空种植的植物可能需要更多的努力。故选B。 6．Why is Veggie set up? A．To honor someone. B．To keep a system going. C．To start up an enterprise. D．To solve nutrient problem. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，建立“Veggie”是为了保持整个系统运行。故选B。 7．How does Veggie work? A．By turning to LED lights. B．By positioning wicks upward. C．By absorbing nutrition from dirt. D．By providing necessary facilities. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推知，Veggie通过提供必要的设施来工作。故选D。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.ISS have astronauts work to grow food in space B．NASA strives to make space gardening possible C．Space agencies commit themselves to food safety D．Food growth enables spaceships to be self­reliable 解析　B　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段中的“But what about the few people who live — although for a short span of time — in space? Is it possible for them to grow plants on board the spaceship and be self­sufficient for weeks on end? Yes，it is.”可知，文章主要讲述了美国国家航空航天局努力使太空园艺成为可能。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is，“So，what do you want to be？” Some of you may have already decided on a career path. 1 Here are some things you might want to consider. First，does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is destructive. 2 While many occupations are being taken over by new technology，jobs that require high­level of critical thinking，emotional intelligence and human interaction，remain in high demand.These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology. Second，choose a career that interests you.Some people might think this is unimportant，but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won't seem a chore.It's also likely that you will stay and grow in this career.Before making a choice，you should examine your values，skills and personality types. 3 Third，of course you will want to consider your chosen profession's earning power! Although high pay plays a part，you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top，much more effort and a higher level of stress. 4 If you have interests outside of work，or are struggling with other demands in your life，you might want to choose a less taxing line of work. 5 Let me leave you with an old saying，“Choose a job you love，and you will never have to work a day in your life.” A．But many of you still don't have a clue! B．We need to be forward­looking at our future prospects. C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job. D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you. E.Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges. F．People's wages are lower in industries with slow technological change. G．Thinking about a life­long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了在选择职业道路的时候你可能需要考虑的事情。 1．解析　A　根据上下文可知，设空处应该承接前文内容——有些人已经确定了自己的职业道路，且后文针对这个情况提出了几件需要考虑的事情。A项承上启下，“many of you”对应前句中的“Some of you”。故选A。 2．解析　B　根据上文“First，does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is destructive.”可知，此处提出技术变革会改变职业，要考虑未来可能的变化，B项承接上文，提出要展望职业前景。故选B。 3．解析　D　根据上文可知，此处提出选择职业前要进行自我评估。D项承接上文，说明这样做的作用，“This”指代上文中“examine your values，skills and personality types”。故选D。 4．解析　E　根据上文提出与高薪相伴的是更多的付出与挑战。E项承接上文，说明什么样的人才能应对这些挑战。“these challenges”指代上文的“require more time to get to the top...”。故选E。 5．解析　G　设空句是末段首句，是对全文的总结。G项提出考虑一生的事业是具有挑战性的事情，下文用一句谚语给出解答，从而实现对全文的总结。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Can Xue (Deng Xiaohua)，1.________ pen­name in Chinese means both the dirty snow that refuses to melt 2.________ the purest snow at the top of a high mountain，was born in 1953 in Changsha City，Hunan Province.When she was young，Can Xue lost her chance for further education and only 3.________ (graduate) from elementary school.4.________ (large) self­taught，she loved literature so much that she read fiction and poetry whenever she could.In her younger days，she liked classical Western literature and Russian literature the best，and they remain her favorites today.It was at the age of thirty，married and with a son，that Can Xue began to write.She was working as 5.________ tailor with her husband at the time; the couple had opened a shop after teaching 6.________ (they) to make clothes. 7．________ (regard) as one of the most experimental writers in the world by some literary scholars and readers，Can Xue describes her works as“life literature.” Though written，or at least translated，8.________ (use) concrete，often simple language，her works rarely rely on 9.________ (convention) storytelling or character studies.She claims that all of her works are from the experiments in which she takes herself as the subject. Can Xue now lives with her husband in Beijing and writes every day.She has published dozens of short stories，several novels，and books of commentary.So far，only a small number of her books 10.________ (translate) into English.More work needs to be done. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了2023年诺贝尔文学奖热门候选人——中国作家残雪。 1．解析　whose　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语修饰pen­name，故填whose。 2．解析　and　考查连词。both ...and...为固定搭配，此处指残雪的笔名既表示拒绝融化的脏雪又表示高山上一尘不染的雪，故填and。 3．解析　graduated　考查一般过去时。根据When she was young 和lost 可知，设空处描述的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填graduated。 4．解析　Largely　考查副词。设空处修饰self­taught，应用副词，故填Largely。 5．解析　a　考查冠词。设空处表示泛指，故填a。 6．解析　themselves　考查代词。本句指残雪和她丈夫通过自学做衣服成功开了一家裁缝店。teach oneself意为“自学”，故填themselves。 7．解析　Regarded　考查动词­ed形式。设空处作状语，且regard与Can Xue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Regarded。 8．解析　using　考查动词­ing形式。设空处作状语，且her works与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填using。 9．解析　conventional　考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰storytelling，应用形容词，表示“传统的”，故填conventional。 10．解析　have been translated　考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据So far及语境可知，设空处应用现在完成时，且主语only a small number of her books和 translate之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填have been translated。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$