Unit 4 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P35] Ⅰ.写出下列加黑部分的短语类型 1．Undoubtedly，culture is a decisive factor for social development.名词短语 2．Excellent works will be displayed on the school website.介词短语 3．My new classmates are all very excellent and always work very hard.副词短语 4．Drinking a cup of tea makes people relaxed and refreshed.形容词短语 5．I'm sure you can enjoy the beauty of flowers and learn a lot.名词短语 6．I'm glad to stand here to share with you my ideas about healthy living habits.介词短语 7．Equally importantly, I previously served as a volunteer several times.副词短语 8．You take an active part in all kinds of activities，which will help to make life more interesting.动词短语 9．Now I'm awfully sorry to tell you that I have to refuse your request.形容词短语 10．I'm writing to inform you about the spread of a bad cold in our city as a result of the changeable weather.介词短语 Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我祝愿我们的学校越来越美丽，我们都有一个美好的未来！ I wish our school more and more beautiful and all of us a wonderful future! 2．最令人激动的时刻应是你放风筝的时候。 The most exciting moment should be when you are flying kites. 3．我希望你能尽快适应新的学校生活。 I hope you can adapt to the new school life as soon as possible． 4．在夏令营的经历将会是我人生中最美好、最难忘的一部分。 The experience in the summer camp will be the most wonderful and unforgettable part of my life. 5．你最好削减富含糖或脂肪的食物。 You'd better cut down the food rich in sugar or fat. 6．祝福你的家人，好好照顾自己！ Best wishes to your family and take good care of yourself! 7．科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适方便。 The development of science and technology makes our lives more comfortable and convenient． 8．我相信只要我们立即采取行动，我们将与动物和谐相处，生活将变得更好。 I believe as long as we take action immediately，we will live in harmony with animals and life will become better. 9．我代表我们学校，向您表示热烈的欢迎。 On behalf of/Representing our school，I would like to express our warm welcome to you. 10．经理听得很认真，并高度称赞我的建议。 The manager listened carefully and thought highly of my suggestion. Ⅲ.语法填空 December 5th is the International Volunteer Day.It 1.was established (establish) by the UN in 1985.It has two aims: first，to thank volunteers around the world for 2.giving (give) their time to help others; second，to encourage other people to do voluntary work.Without volunteers，many people around the world would be much 3.worse(bad) off.In fact，the whole world would be 4.a darker place.Volunteers help other people and help animals，the countryside，the environment and many more things 5.that/which are important to us.The UN urges governments around the world 6.to take (take) measures to heighten awareness of the important 7.contribution(contribute) of volunteering. There are thousands of volunteer organizations around the world.A search 8.on the Internet will give you a volunteer group on anything or anyone you want to help.You don't need to join a worldwide group to be a volunteer.Most voluntary work that takes place around the globe is done by 9.individuals(individual) helping their neighbors.We have probably all gone out of our way to help someone less fortunate.Most 10.importantly(important)，volunteering makes you feel like a useful person.So，on this International Volunteer Day，think about how you can help，and offer your services. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·滨州高二下期末)One evening，Rachel Lapierre bought a $4 scratch ticket while picking up groceries.After an exhausting day，she needed something to lift her spirits.The 46­year­old mother of four was wearing herself thin as a nearly full­time emergency room nurse and part­time volunteer aid worker. She longed to be able to one day quit nursing job and focus on the volunteer work she found most fulfilling.She vowed to herself that if she ever won the lottery，that's what she would do. Lapierre went home and scratched her ticket，revealing three sunny faces.The next day，the Loto­Quebec office informed her that she had won a lump sum of $675，000 or $1，000 a week for life.She chose the latter.“I know myself，” she said.“The lump sum would have melted like snow in the sun.” Staying true to her word，Lapierre quit her nursing job and dedicated her life to helping others through her passion project，Le Book Humanitaire，which has since become a registered charity. Le Book，as Lapierre，now 62，affectionately calls it，began as a simple list of good deeds.To her，the deeds were just small acts of kindness—buying clothes for a family of newly arrived immigrants，delivering a meal to an isolated senior or giving medical attention to someone living on the streets. “Le Book has had an immense impact on me and on many vulnerable people，” says Martyne，52.The former special­education technician suffers from long Covid and has been unable to work since getting sick in March 2020.Martyne is now on Le Book's food delivery route.“With courtesy and no judgment，Le Book helps us get what we need，” she says. “When you do a good deed，it has a butterfly effect，” says Lapierre.“One good deed can affect 10 people.So if we all do a good deed? That can save the world.” 【语篇解读】　记叙文。文章讲述了刮刮彩票中奖的拉皮埃尔信守诺言，辞去了护士的工作，并通过她的项目“Le Book Humanitaire”致力于帮助他人，她认为一件好事可以影响十个人。如果我们都做一件好事就可以拯救世界。 1．Why did Lapierre choose $1，000 a week for life instead of a lump sum? A．A lump sum was likely to vanish like snow. B．She wanted to make better use of the money. C．She had no idea how to spend a large fortune. D．She was afraid the money would be easily stolen. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The next day，the Loto­Quebec office informed her that she had won a lump sum of 675，000 or 1，000 a week for life.She chose the latter.‘I know myself，’ she said.‘The lump sum would have melted like snow in the sun.’”和第四段推知，拉皮埃尔选择每周1 000美元而不是一次性支付是因为她想更好地利用这笔钱。 2．Why is the story of Martyne mentioned? A．To explain how Le Book works. B．To show Le Book's great influence. C．To tell people her miserable experience. D．To appeal to more people to join Le Book. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，提到马蒂娜的故事为了显示这个项目的巨大影响。 3．Which of the following words can best describe Lapierre? A．Generous and kind­hearted. B．Committed and courageous. C．Determined and humble. D．Energetic and creative. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，拉皮埃尔慷慨善良。 4．What can be inferred from Lapierre's words in the last paragraph? A．Many hands make light work. B．Roses given，fragrance in hand. C．One good turn deserves another. D．Action speaks louder than words. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，从拉皮埃尔的话可推断出：众人拾柴火焰高。 B (2024·保定高二下期末)Simple household chores (家务) could help prevent dementia (痴呆症) by boosting our brain size，a new study claims.Canadian scientists found older adults who spent more time on household chores showed greater brain size—a strong predictor of cognitive(认知) health.These chores—including cleaning，tidying，cooking，heavy housework and gardening—could all give the human brain a workout and prevent the condition. “Scientists already know that exercise has a positive impact on the brain，but our study is the first to show that the same maybe true for household chores，” said study author Noah Koblinsky at Rotman Research Institute (RRI) at Baycrest in Toronto，Canada.“Highlighting the benefits of household chores may motivate older adults to be more active by providing a more realistic，low risk form of physical activity.” The researchers looked at the links between household chores，brain volume and cognition in a group of 66 cognitively healthy older adults between 65 and 85 years of age.The participants attended three assessment visits at Baycrest Hospital in Toronto，including a health evaluation，structural brain imaging and cognitive assessment.They were asked about the time they spent on household chores，such as tidying，dusting，meal preparation and clean­up，shopping，heavy housework，gardening and yard work，home repairs and care­giving. The researchers found that older adults who spent more time engaging in such activities had greater brain volume，regardless of how much they engaged in any form of physical exercise，such as running.As a next step，the researchers would like to assess household physical activity more objectively using wearable technology.With additional funding，they could also plan controlled trials with the aim of increasing individuals' household activity and studying brain changes over time. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了加拿大的一项研究发现：从事家务劳动有助于增加老年人大脑的容量，有助于预防老年痴呆。 5．How does housework prevent dementia according to the new study? A．By allowing the brain to rest. B．By increasing brain volume. C．By monitoring daily activities. D．By predicting cognitive health. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Simple household chores (家务) could help prevent dementia (痴呆症) by boosting our brain size，a new study claims.”可知，家务活可以增加脑容量，从而有助于预防痴呆。故选B。 6．What can we learn from Koblinsky's words? A.The old people seldom want to do housework. B．Exercise has little positive impact on the brain. C．Doing household chores is risky for old people. D．The new study may encourage the old to do housework. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，从Koblinsky这段话中我们可知，新研究首次表明，做家务也是一种锻炼方式，对大脑也可能有积极影响，因此该研究可能会鼓励老年人做家务。故选D。 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the research? A．Its finding. B．Its purpose. C．Its process. D．Its significance. 解析　C　主旨大意题。根据第三段，尤其第一句“The researchers looked at the links between household chores，brain volume and cognition in a group of 66 cognitively healthy older adults between 65 and 85 years of age.”可知，本段主要讲的是研究的过程。 故选C。 8．What can be inferred about the researchers from the last paragraph? A．They want to improve their research. B．They lack necessary financial support. C．They refuse to organize controlled trials. D．They consider wearable technology worthless. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As a next step，the researchers would like to assess household physical activity more objectively using wearable technology.With additional funding，they could also plan controlled trials with the aim of increasing individuals' household activity and studying brain changes over time.”可知，研究者想要改进他们的研究。 Ⅱ.七选五 Online volunteering We all want to feel part of something，but often not having the time and money can get in the way of us pursuing a dream. 1 It enables you to involve yourself in an important volunteer opportunity overseas，make a genuine contribution and fit it all in with your day­to­day life. 2 You can help a charity with its social media and website to assist with research and data analysis.You can also create learning opportunities for people in poverty.All online volunteering aims to educate you about the importance of your role in the work，and give you an insight into life in a different country and culture. E­volunteering is attractive for many reasons.It is flexible，and allows you to complete your tasks within your own time schedule.You can manage how many hours per week you can devote. You do not have the extra expenses of travelling. 3 You need to be able to do video calls to make the most of the opportunities available.Volunteering online is a great way to learn more about volunteering overseas. 4 More and more people are becoming digital volunteers to gain work experience.There is a growing tendency for micro­volunteering which prepares remote volunteers well for working in a more digital age. Whoever is interested in contributing your time and skills can become an online volunteer.Remote working is a great volunteer opportunity for those taking a career break，doing a gap year，or living in retirement. 5 A．Remote volunteering is on the rise. B．Online volunteering contributes to our success. C．All you need is a computer with Internet access. D．It could be the first step in your travelling journey. E．Online volunteering is an innovative way. F．There is a lot that you can do to make a difference. G．It is open to people of any age，from all walks of life. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章主要说明了如何从事网上志愿者服务。 1．解析　E　本句起承上启下的作用，前一句讲了追求梦想的限制，后一句讲了online volunteering的好处，后句的It指代online volunteering。故E选项“网络志愿服务是一种创新的方式”符合语境，故选E。 2．解析　F　本句承接上文说明可以做很多事情改变参加志愿者的方式。且空后面的句子“You can help...”是对F项的举例说明。故F选项“你可以做很多事情来产生影响”符合语境，故选F。 3．解析　C　上文讲述做网上志愿者没有额外的旅行花费，故C选项“你所需要的只是一台能上网的电脑”符合语境，故选C。 4．解析　A　根据后文可知，后文提到了微志愿服务有一种增长的趋势，它为远程志愿者在更加数字化的时代工作作好了准备，说明远程志愿活动正在兴起。故A选项“远程志愿活动正在兴起”符合语境，故选A。 5．解析　G　上文提到远程工作对于那些正在经历职业中断、间隔年或退休生活的人来说是一个很好的志愿机会，故G选项“它对任何年龄、各行各业的人开放”符合语境，故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Willowbrook Memory Support Residences 1.________ (begin) their first Forget­Me­Not Café in the summer of 2015 with Tuscan Hills Winery in Effingham.These co­sponsors wanted to create a place 2.________ lifts the fog of social isolation (孤立)for patients and caregivers of dementia(痴呆).Forget­Me­Not Café is not a structured support group，but an initiative for individuals in the early to middle 3.________ (stage) of dementia and their caregivers in a 4.________ (complete) social，non­judgmental gathering that offers enrichment to the life of those 5.________ (suffer) from dementia.Volunteers have received training on different types of dementia and the fundamentals of communicating 6.________ the individuals who attend the outings and addressing their needs. Forget­Me­Not Café is part of the Alzheimer's Café concept which started in Europe and 7.________ (bring) to the United States in 2008 by Jytte Lokvig，Ph.D.She has been quoted as saying “My hope is for every community in the country 8.________ (have) at least one Café of its own.The Café is a simple and yet 9.________ (power) project that impacts the lives of people living with dementia and everyone in their circles.” Willowbrook Memory Support Residences sponsors two Forget­Me­Not Cafés，one in Effingham and 10.________ newest in Champaign. 【语篇解读】　新闻报道。文章介绍了为痴呆症患者及其看护者提供社交机会的勿忘我咖啡馆。 1．解析　began　考查一般过去时。根据in the summer of 2015可知，设空处所在句描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填began。 2．解析　that/which　考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代a place，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。 3．解析　stages　考查名词复数。stage为可数名词，意为“阶段”，且其前有early to middle修饰，应用其复数形式，故填stages。 4．解析　completely　考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰 social，non­judgmental，应用副词，表示“完全地”，故填completely。 5．解析　suffering　考查动词­ing形式。设空处作后置定语，修饰those，且those与suffer之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式，故填suffering。 6．解析　with　考查介词。communicate with sb为固定搭配，意为“与某人沟通”，故填with。 7．解析　was brought　考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据in 2008可知，设空处所在句描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语 which(指代the Alzheimer's Café concept)与bring之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was brought。 8．解析　to have　考查动词不定式。此处为“for＋名词＋to do”结构作表语，应用动词不定式，故填to have。 9．解析　powerful　考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰 project，表示“有影响力的”，故填powerful。 10．解析　the　考查冠词。最高级前面常加the，表示“最……的”，故填the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$