Unit 1 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P5] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When fat and salt are removed(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 2．On the last day of our week­long stay，we were invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm. 3．The contest will be held(hold) next Sunday，which will begin at 6: 30 p．m.and last for 3 hours. 4．It is a rule that the speech time is limited(limit) to no more than five minutes. 5．Each student has his or her strengths and weaknesses，which needs to be respected/respecting(respect). 6．Shakespeare's play Hamlet has been made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 7．Its most remarkable feature is that it is small in size，light in weight and is easy to carry(carry). 8．Everybody is required(require) to show your talents，so you need to prepare a program in advance. 9．He was extremely delighted to hear that he would be given(give) a doctor's degree. 10．I am going to climb the famous Dayan Pagoda，which once was seen(see) as the birthplace of the Buddhism. 11．The professor came to our school and was welcomed(welcome) by the teachers and students. 12．Our school's English Week was launched (launch) last week to arouse our passion for English learning. 13．The life of the milu deer is being studied(study) by specialists at present. 14．She thanked Mr Butler and knew the result would be posted(post) on the door of the choral room the next day. 15．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) I was informed (inform) that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. 16．We are arranged(arrange) much work to do every day and this weekend we have to take a quiz. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．课前预习，课后复习所教授内容使我受益匪浅。 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons before class，and review what had been taught after class． 2．五名英语老师将被邀请担任裁判。 Five English teachers will be invited to work as judges. 3．随着新年的临近，一个派对将于周日在学校礼堂举办。 With the New Year approaching，a party will be held in the school auditorium on Sunday. 4．这座新学校已于上月底设计完毕。 The new school had been designed by the end of last month. 5．别灰心！这个问题可以避免恶化。 Don't lose your heart! The problem can be prevented from getting worse. 6．到目前为止，张桂梅所在的学校已经有两千多名毕业生考上了大学，她们的命运完全被她改变了。 So far，more than 2，000 graduates of Zhang Guimei's school have been admitted to/into colleges and their fates have been changed completely by her. 7．应该在学校里建立学习、娱乐或锻炼的场所，这是个好主意。 It is a good idea that places for learning，recreation or exercise should be established in schools. 8．本学期已经安排了十二项课外活动，如园艺、烹饪和急救。 Twelve extra­curricular activities，such as Gardening，Cooking and First Aid，have been arranged this term． Ⅲ.语法填空(用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文) As 1.is known(know) to all，in the past 70 years，great achievements 2.have been gained(gain)in environmental protection in China.Especially in recent decades，a series of wildlife protection movements 3.have/has been carried(carry) out by the government.As a result，impressive progress 4.has been made (make) in protecting several species，such as the giant panda and the crested ibis(朱鹮).Nowadays some pandas 5.are fed(feed) by keepers and when they grow up，they 6.will be released(release) into the wild.In 1981，only seven crested ibises 7.were found(find) in Yang County，Shaanxi Province.Since then，breeding programs have helped the population reach over 5，000. In China，key projects 8.will be set(set) up continually in the future to improve wildlife protection，for example，the ivory(象牙) trade has already 9.been banned(ban) in China.In a word，we are sure that with more and more measures taken，wildlife 10.will be protected(protect) more effectively. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Hard science fiction stories are those in which the science is based on our understanding of the universe today，but allows for an important assumption.For example，a story that involved interplanetary space travel might assume a technology that we don't have today but all of the other science would be based on what we know.Including these things in a science fiction story can be a challenging task for a non­scientist. Not being a trained scientist，I have always been fascinated by science.I took science classes in both high school and college.But my biggest lessons about science，the scientific method and the evolution (演变) of our knowledge of the universe came from reading Isaac Asimov's science essays. As a hard science fiction writer，it is my job to illustrate science realistically and accurately，and yet I also have to try to imagine what reasonable changes and advances we might make in the future.I thought it might be useful for me to outline how I managed to stay informed about science and how that creates ideas for my stories. I read New Scientist and Scientific American regularly，which keeps me up­to­date on those areas of science that most interest me.Oftentimes，the articles in New Scientist will cite journals on a subject that is important to a story I am writing.The book review columns in these magazines often have books of interest and I will note any that interest me and add them to my list. With my most recent story，Take One for the Road，one reviewer found some difficulty believing my characters could have walked on the surface of Mercury.The reviewer said that if I'd only added one line indicating how they'd done this，it would have helped the story be more believable.It did teach me a good lesson. Keeping up with science isn't easy.Isaac Asimov wrote an essay called The Sound of Panting which was about how difficult it was just to keep up with one's field.But it helps in my stories，and also makes me better informed about science. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。作者分享了自己创作硬科幻小说的心得，提出拥有一定的科学知识储备是让自己的故事丰富、可靠的必要条件。 1．How does the author describe hard science fiction? A．By giving an example. B．By quoting a definition. C．By making a comparison. D．By providing a research result. 解析　A　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Hard science fiction stories are ...For example，a story ...based on what we know.”可知，作者在第一段先简要说明了硬科幻的概念，紧接着通过举例对这一概念进行了进一步说明。 2．What contributed most to the author's knowledge of the universe? A．Taking science classes. B．Reading a writer's essays. C．Writing space travel fiction. D．Participating in scientific research. 解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“But my biggest lessons about ...reading Isaac Asimov's science essays.”可知，作者关于宇宙的很多知识都来自小说家Isaac Asimov的作品。 3．In what way does the author keep up with science now? A．By subscribing to science magazines. B．By joining professional associations. C．By following science news websites. D．By contributing to book review columns. 解析　A　细节理解题。由第四段的内容可知，作者现在主要通过订阅科学杂志了解最前沿的科学知识。 4．What did the author think of the reviewer's comment on his recent story? A．It was unfair. B．It was confusing. C．It was insightful. D．It was interesting. 解析　C　观点态度题。由倒数第二段中的“It did teach me a good lesson.”可知，作者认为评论者的批评不无道理，很有见地。 B (2024·德州期末)As Geoffrey Hinton，widely seen as the godfather of artificial intelligence，warns about growing dangers from how it is developing，businesses are scrambling to see how they can use the technology to their advantage. Recently，the hot topic is how to employ ChatGPT style technology across their businesses as quickly as possible.A boss looked at his computer，entered the transcript of a customer complaint call，and asked ChatGPT to respond to it based on set of rules.In about a minute it came up with a very credible answer，which was 85% accurate but only cost 1% of the cost of employing staff.The good news for all is the pure enhancement to productivity. Technology has improved the quality of life.A lot of innovation has made our entertainment time more enjoyable.But the real shock has been that these technologies are usable in a commercial context，not just for “low­cognitive，repetitive” tasks，i.e.robotic­tasks likely to be automated. The surprise has been how employable the technology is to highly creative，high­value work.Specifically，creating an image，or music，or coding a programme can be achieved in seconds rather than weeks of briefing and refining.So the good news is that rapid employment of this technology could solve the longstanding productivity crisis.The bad news is that it could occur so rapidly as to overtake workers' ability to adapt in time，creating social crisis.Could we face in call centers and creative studios in the 2020s，the equivalent of what happened in the coal mines in the 1980s? Some individuals have started to suggest that states should provide a basic income due to the possibility of AI leading to job loss.The response of tech enthusiasts is that “You won't be replaced by an AI，but you might be replaced by someone who knows how to use AI”．But they used to say that's why everybody should learn how to code.That might not be such wise career advice any more. 【语篇解读】　说明文。主要介绍了被广泛视为人工智能教父的杰弗里•辛顿(Geoffrey Hinton)警告称，人工智能的发展方式带来的危险越来越大，企业正在争先恐后地寻找如何利用这项技术为自己服务。 5．What do we learn about ChatGPT? A．It improves customers' satisfaction. B．It enhances productivity and reduces cost. C．It perfects customers' ability to summarize. D．It revolutionizes the business with accuracy. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A boss looked at his computer，entered the transcript of a customer complaint call，and asked ChatGPT to respond to it based on set of rules.In about a minute it came up with a very credible answer，which was 85% accurate but only cost 1% of the cost of employing staff.The good news for all is the pure enhancement to productivity.”可知，关于ChatGPT我们知道，它提高了生产率，降低了成本。 6．How has technology influenced individuals? A．By enriching leisure time. B．By increasing dependence. C．By simplifying people's work. D．By reshaping entertainment forms. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Technology has improved the quality of life.A lot of innovation has made our entertainment time more enjoyable.”可知，科技是通过丰富闲暇时间来影响个人的。 7．What does the underlined word “equivalent” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Alternative. B．Opposite. C．Similarity. D．Reference. 解析　C　词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The bad news is that it could occur so rapidly as to overtake workers' ability to adapt in time，creating social crisis.”以及划线单词句中“Could we face in call centers and creative studios in the 2020s，...what happened in the coal mines in the 1980s？”可推知，人工智能的发展可能会造成社会危机，画线词所在句应该讲述不好的事情，此处意为我们会在呼叫中心和创意工作室面临类似于20世纪80年代煤矿发生的事情吗？故可猜测，划线单词equivalent为“类似”的意思。 8．What is the author's attitude towards the application of AI? A．Intolerant. B．Favorable. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，对人工智能的应用，作者并未有明确或褒或贬的个人观点，可得出作者对人工智能持客观的态度。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·厦门期中)Here are some ways you can change your inner thoughts to stop stress having an effect on your mental and physical health. Exercise Exercise can be used as a tool to enable you to deal with stress.The feel­good chemicals released(释放) by the brain when you exercise give a sense of well­being and calm. 1 You can then face any trouble in your life with more confidence. Keep a journal 2 You can keep a diary to write down your thoughts and record successes you are thankful for.This will make sure the positive things are more important in your mind.This can remind you that whatever stress there is，good things are still happening to you and you're still progressing and succeeding in life. Connect with others Having some people who support you helps you to feel calm.When you meet with difficulties，there are people who will have your back.You feel much less stressed when you have friends and family on your side.Build your support network by giving to others when they need you. 3 Improve your sleep Tiredness，the inability to think straight and sleep deprivation (缺乏) make you feel stressed.Improving sleep quality itself does a lot in reducing stress. 4 You can also try practicing breathing and relaxation.Keep your bedroom as a cool and calm place. Prioritize yourself Make sure you are giving yourself some time in your week. 5 Schedule “me time” and time to practice self­care.Spare time to do what you enjoy and find fun.It's necessary to help you feel strong and able to deal with stress. A．Be really strict with work­life dividing line. B．Don't be afraid to ask for the same in return. C．It's of great importance to choose someone you trust. D．Put aside some screen­free time before going to bed. E．Be organized，prepared and on time for jobs that matter to you. F．People often care about what doesn't go right instead of what goes well. G．Challenging yourself to keep working out can make you build self­respect. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章主要提供了一系列具体的建议和方法，旨在帮助读者改变内心的想法，从而阻止压力对精神和身体健康的影响。 1．解析　G　根据空前内容“The feel­good chemicals released(释放) by the brain when you exercise give a sense of well­being and calm.”可知，空前指的是运动的时候，大脑会释放出让你感觉良好的化学物质。选项G是上文内容的自然延续，指的是运动还可以帮助我们建立自尊。而这样则可以导致下文的“You can then face any trouble in your life with more confidence.”，故选G。 2．解析　F　根据下文“You can keep a diary to write down your thoughts ...and you're still progressing and succeeding in life.”可知，下文主要讲述的是我们可以记下生活中积极的事情，从而提醒自己积极的事情仍然会发生在你身上。选项F自然引出下文内容，故选F。 3．解析　B　根据上文可知，当你有需要的时候，朋友和家人会在你的身边。而当别人需要你的时候，你应该给别人提供帮助。选项B与上文内容一致，指的是关爱是互相的。我们需要别人的关爱，别人也需要我们的关爱。故选B。 4．解析　D　根据空前内容“Improving sleep quality itself does a lot in reducing stress.”可知，改善睡眠可以帮助我们减轻压力。选项D与下文“You can also try practicing breathing and relaxation.Keep your bedroom as a cool and calm place.”都是改善睡眠的方式。故选D。 5．解析　A　根据空后的“Schedule ‘me time’ and time to practice self­care.Spare time to do what you enjoy and find fun.”可知，我们应该划分出工作时间和生活时间。选项A与下文内容一致，指的是要划分工作和生活的界限，让自己在空闲时间做自己喜欢的事情。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Today，the advancement of technology has taken a front­row seat in the creation of smart campuses.In recent years，many schools in China 1.________ (accept) technologies such as AI and big data to make school life 2.________ (simple) for students and teachers than before. Using a smart campus system by the Chinese tech company iFlytek，Tianjin Eco­City School attached 3.________ Beijing Normal University has introduced 4.________ (innovate) applications to transform the educational experience.In aerospace classes，students use simulation (模拟) devices and VR glasses for immersive (沉浸式的) learning，enabling them 5.________ (find) out about rocket launches and a rocket's internal structure through fun learning. 6．________ (similar)，in swimming classes，“by wearing smart earphones，children can receive real­time instructions from the coach underwater，ensuring maximum safety，said Li Rui，7.________ leader of the school. For PE classes，Yuwen School in Wuhu，Anhui，has installed (安装) self­testing kits with AI visual analysis technology for 8.________ (activity) such as long­distance running，standing long jump，sit­ups and skipping rope.Students' faces 9.________ (register) in a facial recognition system，10.________ (allow) them to receive voice reports and instant performance results after each exercise. Smart campuses can reshape how and what students learn and how they study and interact with an institution. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章主要介绍了智能化录入、沉浸式教学等高科技手段使学校生活大变样。 1．解析　have accepted　句意：近年来，中国的许多学校都接受了人工智能和大数据等技术，使学生和教师的学校生活比以前更简单。根据时间状语In recent years可知，空处应用现在完成时，复数名词作主语，故填have accepted。 2．解析　simpler　句意同上。根据than before的提示可知，空处应填形容词比较级在句中作宾语补足语。故填simpler。 3．解析　to　句意：北京师范大学附属天津生态城学校使用中国科技公司科大讯飞的智能校园系统，引入了创新的应用程序来改变教育体验。attached to“附属于……”为固定搭配。故填to。 4．解析　innovative　句意同上。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词innovative“创新的”在句中作定语。故填innovative。 5．解析　to find　句意：在航空航天课上，学生们使用模拟设备和VR眼镜进行沉浸式学习，使他们能够通过有趣的学习了解火箭发射和火箭的内部结构。enable sb to do sth“使得某人做某事”为固定短语。故填to find。 6．解析　Similarly　句意同上。分析句子可知，空处应填副词Similarly“同样；类似地”在句中作状语。故填Similarly。 7．解析　a　句意：同样，在游泳课上，“通过戴上智能耳机，孩子们可以在水下接收教练的实时指令，最大限度地确保安全，”学校领导李锐说。分析句子可知，空处应用不定冠词a，泛指“一个”。故填a。 8．解析　activities　句意：在体育课上，安徽省芜湖市宇文学校为长跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐和跳绳等活动安装了具有人工智能视觉分析技术的自测包。可数名词前没有任何限定词修饰，应用复数形式。故填activities。 9．解析　are registered　句意：学生的面部信息会被录入人脸识别系统，这样他们就能在每次练习后收到语音报告和即时表现结果。描述现在的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时，动词register与主语Students' faces之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数名词，故填are registered。 10．解析　allowing　句意同上。分析句子可知，空处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然，意料之中的结果。故填allowing。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$