Unit 1 Section 1(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P1] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Using baskets and ladders(梯子)，we first picked the peaches that were most beautiful in color. 2．It's ridiculous/absurd (荒唐的)to believe that the earth goes round the moon. 3．Dignity(尊严) and pride run deep in this community. 4．It's important to improve working environments and salaries(薪水) to attract more workers. 5．The salesman wants to live in an apartment，whereas (然而；但是) his wife would rather live in a flat. 6．Have you any idea where the rumour(谣言) started? 7．If you don't concentrate more on your work，you'll be dismissed(解雇). 8．The saleswoman can't get the bonus (奖金) of this month because she didn't finish the task on time. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I feel guilty (guilt) for teasing the innocent child who fell over on the muddy (mud) track. 2．I am so sorry that I missed our appointment(appoint) to play tennis last Saturday afternoon. 3．Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，the saleswoman felt the warmth(warm) of spring. 4．Small earthquakes are so common here that people don't feel very alarmed(alarm) at them. 5．The reason why he failed in the exam again was that he was more lazy than stupid. 6．This country declared war on four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions. 7．The research group produced two reports based(base) on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions. 8．The new driverless car has been tested out many times for the sake of safety. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加游学活动。(完全倒装) Here comes a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. 2．促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的努力工作。(more ...than ...) It was more her hard work than her cleverness that led to her success. 3．首先，我建议你对学习持积极的态度。 First of all，I suggest that you (should) have a positive attitude towards your study. 4．当这位母亲在阳光下的田野里劳作时，她的女儿给了她手帕来擦汗。 As the mother was labouring in the field under the sun，her daughter gave her a handkerchief to sweep her sweats. 5．我们班就父母是否有必要陪读展开了热烈的讨论。 Our class had a heated discussion about whether it is necessary for parents to accompany students studying at school. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 A robot 1.called (call) Tony was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire，2.who didn't like the idea at the beginning.It was not until she knew that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed that she 3.was persuaded (persuade) to accept the human­like robot 4.as her companion during her husband's three­week 5.absence (absent). 6．At the first sight of Tony，Claire was alarmed.When Tony asked if she needed help dressing，Claire felt 7.embarrassed (embarrass).Gradually，Tony began to win Claire's trust.Tony helped Claire make her home more 8.elegant (elegance)，gave her a new hairstyle and improved her makeup.At last，he suggested that Claire should invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave. When the guests would be arriving soon，Claire 9.dismissed (dismiss)Tony for the rest of the night.However，just at that moment，Tony declared that he didn't want to leave her the next day 10.and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·太原月考)Raj Patel was 5，traveling with his family to India from England.A young girl，no older than 12，approached their car，carrying a crying baby，begging for money and food.“My parents embarrassingly pushed some money out to her from the window，”Patel says.“Since then，the journey has been to figure out why this stuff happens.” Upon returning to England，Patel decided to rent out his toys and raise money to stop hunger.It didn't take him long to realize his attempts would not fix the problem.While attending Oxford University，Patel had an idea to shift his major to mathematics，believing that mathematics could handle the crisis of hunger and poverty (贫困).But as he dived deeper into the topic，he learned the political and systemic side of the story.So he changed his undergraduate degree back to economics and added the study of philosophy and politics to his pursuits (事业). After graduation，he worked for the World Bank and the United Nations.But even that，he says，didn't lead to workable solutions (解决方案). His first book，Stuffed and Starved，was a breakout work written for a general audience.While living in Africa，Patel created a number of documentaries but none gained much popularity until he met Anita Chitaya，an activist in Bwabwa，a remote village in Malawi.Anita works with a local organization that has fought hunger in Malawi for decades.She helps farmers to experiment with crops to grow more nutritious food.Her story evolved into an 11­year project—The Ants & the Grasshopper，which earned the Moving Mountains Award. As the decade of research，filming and editing carries on，this drought­stricken village goes from being self­sufficient through sustainable farming practices to struggling to grow enough nutritious food and access clean，drinkable water.Climate change ended up being another part of the story. Patel knows that he needs to find other ways to reach audiences.He released a widely shared video about capitalism，chicken nuggets (鸡块) and the global hunger crisis.He's given 20­minute TED Talks that summarize the intentions of his books.No matter what gets thrown his way，Patel seems to course­correct in order to continue pursuing his mission. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。短文叙述了拉杰·帕特尔通过自己的努力让人们了解全球饥饿危机。 1．What excited Patel's pursuit of his career? A．A beggar­led crowd. B．A fund­raising event. C．A chance encounter with a needy girl. D．A narrow escape from a car accident. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段“A young girl，no older than 12，approached their car，carrying a crying baby，begging for money and food.‘My parents embarrassingly pushed some money out to her from the window，’ Patel says.‘Since then，the journey has been to figure out why this stuff happens.’”可知，偶然遇到一个需要帮助的女孩激发了帕特尔对事业的追求。故选C。 2．Why did Patel shift his major to mathematics? A．He felt he was good at it. B．He disliked boring economic theories. C．He was eager to learn its political and systemic side. D．He considered it as a solution to the hunger and poverty crisis. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段“While attending Oxford University，Patel had an idea to shift his major to mathematics，believing that mathematics could handle the crisis of hunger and poverty (贫困).” 可知，为什么帕特尔把他的专业转向数学是他认为这是解决饥饿和贫困危机的办法。故选D。 3．What is The Ants & the Grasshopper mainly about? A．Anita's journey to tackle food crisis. B．Causes of climate change in Malawi. C．Bwabwa's remarkable transformation. D．Patel's personal experience in Bwabwa. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第四段“Anita works with a local organization that has fought hunger in Malawi for decades.She helps farmers to experiment with crops to grow more nutritious food.Her story evolved into an 11­year project—The Ants & the Grasshopper...”可知，The Ants & the Grasshopper主要关于安妮塔应对粮食危机之旅。故选A。 4．What did Patel do to attract more attention to global hunger? A．He shot funny videos. B．He made presentations. C．He cut the price of his books. D．He conducted collaborative research. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Patel knows that he needs to find other ways to reach audiences.He released a widely shared video about capitalism，chicken nuggets (鸡块) and the global hunger crisis.He's given 20­minute TED Talks that summarize the intentions of his books.”可知，他做演讲吸引人们更多地关注全球饥饿问题。故选B。 B (2024·吉林期中)A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing a haptic (触觉的) feedback suit and a virtual reality (VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away，offering a way for people to attend events without travelling. The iCub 3 robot is a 52­kilogram，125­centimetre­tall robot with 54 joints across its body.Its head contains two cameras where a human's eyes would be，and an Internet­connected computer where the brain would go.Along with the cameras，sensors covering its body send data to the robot's “brain”．These sensations are then reproduced on a suit and VR headset worn by a remote human operator. When the operators react to what they see and feel，the suit's sensors pick up the movements and the robot matches them.“The key is to translate every signal and bit of digital data that can be sent through the network.” says Stefano Dafarra，who was part of the iCub 3 team.There can be a small delay of up to 100 milliseconds to capture and transmit the visual shots，but the operator can case this by moving slightly slower than normal. The team demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale，where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stood 290 kilometres away in Genoa.Dafarra hopes people will use the iCub 3 to attend events remotely，reducing the need to travel.“But at present，a fall could be hugely damaging to the robot，and it's uncertain whether it could stand up again on its own，” he says. “iCub 3 is an interesting robot and offers clear advantages from the previous versions.” says Jonathan Aitken，whose laboratory owns a prior version of the robot.However，he is disappointed that the team wasn't clear in its research about the data transmission requirements of the new version of the robot.“It would be good to know just how much data was required，and what the upper and lower bounds were.” he says. 【语篇解读】　说明文。主要介绍了一个人形机器人可以将视频和触觉传递给数百公里外穿着触觉反馈服和戴着虚拟现实耳机的人，让人们无需旅行就能参加活动。这项技术可能应用于虚拟旅游，但是仍有不足，需要改进。 5．What's the principle behind the humanoid robot? A．It conveys sensations to the wearer and acts accordingly. B．It receives commands from an operator through the Internet. C．The cameras take pictures and then interact with the sensors. D．The computer in the robot processes the data and gives orders. 解析　A　细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Along with the cameras，sensors covering its body send data to the robot's ‘brain’．These sensations are then reproduced on a suit and VR headset worn by a remote human operator.”可知，人形机器人背后的原理是它这些感知传达给佩戴者并据此行动。故选A。 6．Which aspect of life may the technology be applied to? A．Medical consultation. B．Sports events. C．Outdoor workouts. D．Virtual tourism. 解析　D　推理判断题。文章第一段“A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing a haptic(触觉的) feedback suit and a virtual reality(VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away，offering a way for people to attend events without travelling.”以及倒数第二段讲到“The team demonstrated the robot at the Venice Biennale，where it wandered through an exhibition while its operator stood 290 kilometres away in Genoa.”可知，这项技术可能应用于虚拟旅游。故选D。 7．What can we infer about iCub 3 from the text? A．It fails to appeal to potential investors. B．Its performance hasn't been evaluated clearly. C．Its present version still requires to be updated. D．Its transmission of data came across technical problems. 解析　C　推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“However，he is disappointed that the team wasn't clear in its research about the data transmission requirements of the new version of the robot.”可知，从文中我们可以推断出iCub 3现有版本仍需更新。故选C。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Humanoid robots with sense of touch catch on B．iCub 3 robot combines with VR to benefit more people C．Humanoid robots let people see and feel things remotely D．New advances in technology enable people to travel at work 解析　C　标题归纳题。文章第一段“A humanoid robot can relay video and touch sensations to a person wearing a haptic(触觉的) feedback suit and a virtual reality(VR) headset hundreds of kilometres away，offering a way for people to attend events without travelling.”可知，文章主要介绍了一个人形机器人可以将视频和触觉传递给数百公里外穿着触觉反馈服和戴着虚拟现实耳机的人，让人们无需旅行就能参加活动。由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是：人形机器人让人们远程看到和感受事物。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·绵阳期中)As a psychologist，one of my favorite practices was my meeting a teenager，Trevor.He had been struggling with anxiety and depression，finding few solutions 1 to him.Trevor 2 his ability after failing the final exam and wanted to give up.Together with his dad he 3 me，and we discussed something about a 4 in detail.I 5 he would get better as long as he believed in himself.He looked 6 ．“I don't think it will work.” he said.Then a new idea 7 me—maybe I could help him by associating his experience with the perception(认识) of steady 8 ．So I enlightened(启发) him 9 ． “When you break a bone，what is the 10 of a cast(石膏)？” I asked.“It protects the bone，” he answered.“Yes，but how 11 does the bone heal？” “The body heals it，” “Right，” I nodded.“Now，I will act as your cast and 12 you until your 13 heals itself.” Trevor gave me a smile.Obviously，our conversation gave Trevor a belief that he should trust in his inner power and it assured him that he wasn't 14 ．He knew his doctor，parents，and teachers would all work in concert to help him.Sure enough，he caught up with his classmates later. If children are in crisis，parents can try to make them realize their problems.Parents need to encourage and support them.In this 15 ，children will feel encouraged and confident eventually. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。作者是一名心理医生，他引导因考试不及格而抑郁焦虑的Trevor。最后，在大家的帮助下，Trevor相信自己的内在力量战胜疾病，最终赶上了同学。 1．A.available B．sensitive C．contrary D．similar 解析　A　句意：他一直在与焦虑和抑郁作斗争，几乎找不到对他来说可用的解决办法。 根据上文“He had been struggling with anxiety and depression，finding few solutions”可知，Trevor得了焦虑和抑郁，还没找到可用的解决办法，故选A。 2．A.increased B．evaluated C．tested D．doubted 解析　D　句意：Trevor在期末考试不及格后怀疑自己的能力，想放弃。 根据下文“after failing the final exam”可知，Trevor在考试不及格以后，怀疑自己的能力，故选D。 3．A.looked on B．turned to C．complained of D．appealed to 解析　B　句意：他和他的父亲一起向我寻求帮助，我们详细讨论了他的治疗方法。 根据下文“and we discussed something about a 4 in detail.”可知，我们讨论了他的治疗，故Trevor和父亲一起来找作者寻求帮助，turn to sb意为“找某人寻求帮助”，符合句意，故选B。 4．A.pattern B．source C．policy D．treatment 解析　D　根据前文“He had been struggling with anxiety and depression，finding few solutions 1 to him.”可知，Trevor得了焦虑和抑郁，还没找到可用的解决办法，故作者和他们详细地讨论了他的治疗方法，故选D。 5．A.ensured B．warned C．reported D．remembered 解析　A　句意：我保证，只要他相信自己，他会变得更好。 根据下文“he would get better as long as he believed in himself”可知，这是作者向Trevor做出的保证，只要他相信自己，他就会好起来，故选A。 6．A.thrilled B．confused C．terrified D．embarrassed 解析　B　根据后文“‘I don't think it will work，’ he said.”可知，Trevor觉得我提出的治疗方式没有用，因此看起来很困惑，故选B。 7．A.applied to B．took to C．occurred to D．pointed to 解析　C　句意：我突然想到了一个新的想法，也许我可以通过将他的经历与不断进步的感觉联系起来帮助他。 根据后文“by associating his experience with the perception(认识) of steady 8 ．”可知，此处指我想到了一个新方法，将他的经历与不断进步的感觉联系起来，通过这种方式来帮助他，sth occurred to sb意为“某人突然想到……”，故选C。 8．A.character B．value C．improvement D．flow 解析　C　根据空前“I could help him by associating his experience with the perception(认识) of steady”可知，我将他的经历与不断进步的感觉联系起来，让他感觉自己能慢慢好起来，通过不断进步而赶上其他同学，故选C。 9．A.patiently B．secretly C．casually D．blindly 解析　A　根据上文“I don't think it will work”以及“Then a new idea 7 me—maybe I could help him by associating his experience with the perception(认识) of steady 8 ．”可知，Trevor质疑医生的治疗方案，作者想到了一个新的办法，可推理出作者仍然很耐心地开导他，故选A。 10．A.selection B．expense C．function D．course 解析　C　根据下文“it protects the bone”可知，石膏保护骨头，故此处上下文说的是石膏的作用，故选C。 11．A.accidentally B．exactly C．abruptly D．equally 解析　B　根据下文“The body heals it”可知，身体会治愈它，让骨头愈合，故此处上下文说的是作者让Trevor更精确地回答问题，故选B。 12．A.criticize B．qualify C．monitor D．back 解析　D　根据上文“Now，I will act as your cast”可知，作者将充当Trevor的石膏，石膏起的作用是帮助和支持，可推理出空白处应填表示“支持”含义的动词，故选D。 13．A.humour B．mind C．pride D．injury 解析　B　根据前文“He had been struggling with anxiety and depression”可知，Trevor得了焦虑和抑郁，故此处指治愈他的心灵，故选B。 14．A.stubborn B．mistaken C．normal D．alone 解析　D　根据下文“He knew his doctor，parents，and teachers would all work in concert to help him.”可知，他知道，他的医生、父母和老师都会一起来帮助他，故有很多人帮助Trevor，他并不是一个人，故选D。 15．A.case B．age C．field D．order 解析　A　根据前文“If children are in crisis，parents can try to make them realize their problems.Parents need to encourage and support them.”可知，如果孩子处于危机之中，父母可以试着让他们认识到自己的问题，父母需要鼓励和支持他们。故此处指在这种“父母鼓励和支持他们的情况下”，孩子会感到鼓舞和自信，故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$